Zeitschriftenartikel: „Engineering, Aerospace|Physics, Astrophysics|Computer Science“

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Eichler, David. „Ongoing space physics – Astrophysics connections“. Advances in Space Research 38, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.079.

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2

Nitoi, Dan, Florin Samer, Constantin Gheorghe Opran und Constantin Petriceanu. „Finite Element Modelling of Thermal Behaviour of Solar Cells“. Materials Science Forum 957 (Juni 2019): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.957.493.

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Engineering Science Based on Modelling and Simulation (M & S) is defined as the discipline that provides the scientific and mathematical basis for simulation of engineering systems. These systems range from microelectronic devices to automobiles, aircraft, and even oilfield and city infrastructure. In a word, M & S combines knowledge and techniques in the fields of traditional engineering - electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, aerospace, nuclear, biomedical and materials science - with the knowledge and techniques of fields such as computer science, mathematics and physics, and social sciences. One of the problems that arise during solar cell operation is that of heating them because of permanent solar radiation. Since the layers of which they are made are very small and thick it is almost impossible to experimentally determine the temperature in each layer. In this sense, the finite element method comes and provides a very good prediction and gives results impossible to obtain by other methods. This article models and then simulates the thermal composition of two types of solar cells, one of them having an additional layer of silicon carbide that aims to lower the temperature in the lower layer, where the electronic components stick to degradable materials under the influence of heat.

3

Courcelette, Daniel St-Germain. „Orlando '90 optical engineering and photonics in aerospace sensing“. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 45, Nr. 5-6 (Oktober 1990): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2716(90)90039-e.

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4

BOYD, RICHARD N. „NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION VISION IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS“. International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, Nr. 12a (Dezember 2007): 1981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011243.

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The NSF has made investments in searches for dark matter, in ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and gamma rays, in neutrino physics and astrophysics, and in nuclear astrophysics. We expect the future to witness the expansion of these efforts, along with efforts to refine the measurements of the cosmic microwave background. In some of these efforts the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is expected to play a major role.

5

Gottardi, Luciano, und Kenichiro Nagayashi. „A Review of X-ray Microcalorimeters Based on Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors for Astrophysics and Particle Physics“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (22.04.2021): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093793.

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The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector physics and describe the recent breakthroughs in the TES design that are opening the way towards the fabrication and the read-out of very large arrays of pixels with unprecedented energy resolution. The most challenging low temperature instruments for space- and ground-base experiments will be described.

6

Raol, Jitendra, und A. Ramachandran. „Aerospace Avionics and Allied Technologies“. Defence Science Journal 61, Nr. 4 (28.07.2011): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.1122.

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7

TURYSHEV, SLAVA G., ULF E. ISRAELSSON, MICHAEL SHAO, NAN YU, ALEXANDER KUSENKO, EDWARD L. WRIGHT, C. W. FRANCIS EVERITT et al. „SPACE-BASED RESEARCH IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES“. International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, Nr. 12a (Dezember 2007): 1879–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011760.

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Space offers unique experimental conditions and a wide range of opportunities to explore the foundations of modern physics with an accuracy far beyond that of ground-based experiments. Space-based experiments today can uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of Nature. In particular, high-accuracy physics experiments in space can test relativistic gravity and probe the physics beyond the Standard Model; they can perform direct detection of gravitational waves and are naturally suited for investigations in precision cosmology and astroparticle physics. In addition, atomic physics has recently shown substantial progress in the development of optical clocks and atom interferometers. If placed in space, these instruments could turn into powerful high-resolution quantum sensors greatly benefiting fundamental physics. We discuss the current status of space-based research in fundamental physics, its discovery potential, and its importance for modern science. We offer a set of recommendations to be considered by the upcoming National Academy of Sciences' Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics. In our opinion, the Decadal Survey should include space-based research in fundamental physics as one of its focus areas. We recommend establishing an Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee's interagency "Fundamental Physics Task Force" to assess the status of both ground- and space-based efforts in the field, to identify the most important objectives, and to suggest the best ways to organize the work of several federal agencies involved. We also recommend establishing a new NASA-led interagency program in fundamental physics that will consolidate new technologies, prepare key instruments for future space missions, and build a strong scientific and engineering community. Our goal is to expand NASA's science objectives in space by including "laboratory research in fundamental physics" as an element in the agency's ongoing space research efforts.

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BOWLES, THOMAS J. „A NATIONAL UNDERGROUND SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, Nr. 22 (10.09.2003): 4129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03017415.

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Dramatic progress has been made in the last several years in our understanding of the properties of neutrinos with evidence for neutrino flavor transformation coming from measurements of atmospheric neutrinos by SuperKamiokande, of solar neutrinos by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), and of reactor neutrinos by KamLAND. These results are a step in the ongoing program of science that is carried out in underground laboratories. The potential for additional significant discoveries with new capabilities in underground laboratories exists and should be exploited. Discoveries are likely to be made not only in nuclear and particle physics, but also in astrophysics, geophysics, and geobiology. A concerted effort is now underway in the United States to create a National Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (NUSEL) that would provide the facilities and infrastructure necessary to capitalize on the opportunities presented by underground science.

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Zadorozhnyi, Vytaly M. „The use of Arduino software and hardware in a school physical experiment“. Освітній вимір 54, Nr. 2 (25.06.2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/educdim.v54i2.3861.

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The article considers the use of hardware and software Arduino in order to involve students in the study of such subjects as: physics and computer science; provide an opportunity improve and develop their own engineering ideas. The article proves that the use of hardware and software Arduino complex in teaching and research activity is an effective tool for improvement interest in such areas of activity as computer science, engineering, physics. The study found that an integrated approach allows arousing students’ interest in the study of natural sciences and mathematics, solving modern problems engineering and electronics, and developing them creativity. Work on your own projects allows children to show abilities and present their projects in various competitions, in addition motivates young researchers. Developed by students devices can significantly increase accuracy measurements during the experiment, increase the level of theoretical preparation for laboratory work, increase the general interest to perform laboratory work by students for due to the modernization of equipment and form new ones ideas about physical phenomena and processes. The results of students’ research activities can used during the teaching of physics in a specialized school, especially during school experiment.

10

Sastry, D. „Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical Systems in Defence and Aerospace“. Defence Science Journal 59, Nr. 6 (24.11.2009): 568–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1561.

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11

Singh, K., J. Mathur, V. Ashok und Debasis Chakraborty. „Computational Fluid Dynamics in Aerospace Industry in India“. Defence Science Journal 60, Nr. 6 (20.11.2010): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.582.

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12

El-Hout, Mona, Alexandra Garr-Schultz und Sapna Cheryan. „Beyond biology: The importance of cultural factors in explaining gender disparities in STEM preferences“. European Journal of Personality 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890207020980934.

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Gender disparities in participation in many STEM fields, particularly computer science, engineering, and physics, remain prevalent in Western societies. Stewart-Williams and Halsey contend that an important contributor to these disparities is gender differences in career-related preferences that are driven partly by biology. We argue that Stewart-Williams and Halsey understate the influence of cultural factors in shaping these preferences. We provide evidence for an important and overlooked cultural factor that contributes to gender disparities in computer science, engineering, and physics: masculine defaults. Masculine defaults exist when cultures value and reward traits and characteristics associated with the male gender role and see them as standard ( Cheryan & Markus, 2020 ). We provide examples of how changing computer science, engineering, and physics cultures can decrease gender disparities in participation. Finally, we discuss policy implications, specifically the importance of (1) recognizing that preferences for STEM are malleable and (2) addressing exclusionary cultures of STEM fields. Recognizing and changing exclusionary STEM cultures are important for creating a society that is more just and equitable.

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Heydari, Mohammad, Ghasem Barid Loghmani und Abdul-Majid Wazwaz. „A numerical approach for a class of astrophysics equations using piecewise spectral-variational iteration method“. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, Nr. 2 (06.02.2017): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2015-0379.

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Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to implement the piecewise spectral-variational iteration method (PSVIM) to solve the nonlinear Lane-Emden equations arising in mathematical physics and astrophysics. Design/methodology/approach This method is based on a combination of Chebyshev interpolation and standard variational iteration method (VIM) and matching it to a sequence of subintervals. Unlike the spectral method and the VIM, the proposed PSVIM does not require the solution of any linear or nonlinear system of equations and analytical integration. Findings Some well-known classes of Lane-Emden type equations are solved as examples to demonstrate the accuracy and easy implementation of this technique. Originality/value In this paper, a new and efficient technique is proposed to solve the nonlinear Lane-Emden equations. The proposed method overcomes the difficulties arising in calculating complicated and time-consuming integrals and terms that are not needed in the standard VIM.

14

Taylor, Gregory B. „The Long Wavelength Array“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, Nr. 14 (August 2006): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307011131.

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AbstractThe Long Wavelength Array (LWA) will be a new, open, user-oriented astronomical instrument operating in the relatively unexplored window from 20–80 MHz near arcsecond angular resolution and milliJansky sensitivity. Operated by the University of New Mexico on behalf of the Southwest Consortium (SWC) the LWA will provide a unique training ground for the next generation of radio astronomers. Students may also put skills learned on the LWA to work in computer science, electrical engineering, and the communications industry, among others. The development of the LWA will follow a phased build which benefits from lessons learned at each phase. Four university-based Scientific Testing and Evaluation (ST&E) teams with different areas of concentration: (i) high-resolution imaging and particle acceleration; (ii) wide-field imaging and large scale structures; (iii) ionospheric physics; and (iv) radio frequency interference (RFI) suppression and transient detection will provide the feedback needed to assure that science objectives are met as the build develops. Currently in its first year of construction funding, the LWA team is working on the design for the first station (see also Ray et al. 2006).

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Manolopoulos, Yannis. „Digital—A New Open Access Journal to Report on Recent IT Advancements and Their Implementations for Interdisciplinary Research“. Digital 1, Nr. 1 (28.02.2021): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/digital1010005.

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16

Coakley, James, Andrew Higginbotham, David McGonegle, Jan Ilavsky, Thomas D. Swinburne, Justin S. Wark, Khandaker M. Rahman et al. „Femtosecond quantification of void evolution during rapid material failure“. Science Advances 6, Nr. 51 (Dezember 2020): eabb4434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb4434.

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Understanding high-velocity impact, and the subsequent high strain rate material deformation and potential catastrophic failure, is of critical importance across a range of scientific and engineering disciplines that include astrophysics, materials science, and aerospace engineering. The deformation and failure mechanisms are not thoroughly understood, given the challenges of experimentally quantifying material evolution at extremely short time scales. Here, copper foils are rapidly strained via picosecond laser ablation and probed in situ with femtosecond x-ray free electron (XFEL) pulses. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) monitors the void distribution evolution, while wide-angle scattering (WAXS) simultaneously determines the strain evolution. The ability to quantifiably characterize the nanoscale during high strain rate failure with ultrafast SAXS, complementing WAXS, represents a broadening in the range of science that can be performed with XFEL. It is shown that ultimate failure occurs via void nucleation, growth, and coalescence, and the data agree well with molecular dynamics simulations.

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Marin, Băleanu und Vlase. „Symmetry in Applied Continuous Mechanics“. Symmetry 11, Nr. 10 (14.10.2019): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101286.

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Engineering practice requires the use of structures containing identical components or parts, which are useful from several points of view: less information is needed to describe the system, design is made quicker and easier, components are made faster than a complex assembly, and finally the time to achieve the structure and the cost of manufacturing decreases. Additionally, the subsequent maintenance of the system becomes easier and cheaper. This Special Issue is dedicated to this kind of mechanical structure, describing the properties and methods of analysis of these structures. Discrete or continuous structures in static and dynamic cases are considered. Theoretical models, mathematical methods, and numerical analysis of the systems, such as the finite element method and experimental methods, are expected to be used in the research. Such applications can be used in most engineering fields including machine building, automotive, aerospace, and civil engineering.

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Alifanov, Oleg M. „Inverse problems in identification and modeling of thermal processes: Russian contributions“. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, Nr. 3 (06.03.2017): 711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2016-0099.

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Purpose The main purpose of this study, reflecting mainly the content of the authors’ plenary lecture, is to make a brief overview of several approaches developed by the author and his colleagues to the solution to ill-posed inverse heat transfer problems (IHTPs) with their possible extension to a wider class of inverse problems of mathematical physics and, most importantly, to show the wide possibilities of this methodology by examples of aerospace applications. In this regard, this study can be seen as a continuation of those applications that were discussed in the lecture. Design/methodology/approach The application of the inverse method was pre-tested with experimental investigations on a special test equipment in laboratory conditions. In these studies, the author used the solution to the nonlinear inverse problem in the conjugate (conductive and convective) statement. The corresponding iterative algorithm has been developed and tested by a numerical and experimental way. Findings It can be stated that the theory and methodology of solving IHTPs combined with experimental simulation of thermal conditions is an effective tool for various fundamental and applied research and development in the field of heat and mass transfer. Originality/value With the help of the developed methods of inverse problems, the investigation was conducted for a porous cooling with a gaseous coolant for heat protection of the re-entry vehicle in the natural environment of hypersonic flight. Moreover, the analysis showed that the inverse methods can make a useful contribution to the study of heat transfer at the surface of a solid body under the influence of the hypersonic heterogeneous (dusty) gas stream and in many other aerospace applications.

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Abiad, Fouad. „Mathematical Modeling of the Strategy of the Early Islamic Wars“. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 3, Nr. 1 (10.03.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v3i1.29.

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A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in the natural sciences (such as physics, biology, earth science, chemistry) and engineering disciplines (such as computer science, electrical engineering), as well as in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology, political science).The main activities involved in this procedure are observation followed by mathematical modeling; simulation, analysis, optimization and back to observation, Mathematics has been applied to all sciences; and religious and military sciences are no exception, and mathematics can be used highly to design different war operations and solve battlefield equations to gain relative or absolute superiority over the enemy. We can also see clearly the application of mathematics in the Game Theory of war in abundance. In this applied research, conducted in a library method, the challenges between the army of Amir al-Mu’minin, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (as), and the army of Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān in the Battle of Siffin have been modeled using Game Theory and the strategies of each of these two fronts are compared.

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Wang, Hong. „Enterprise System and Its Application in Aerospace Industry“. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 02, Nr. 02 (Juni 2017): 1750010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424862217500105.

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Enterprise systems (ES) or enterprise information systems (EIS) concepts have been researched and utilized for decades, but it was not until the past decade when they became popular in not only the areas of information systems and computer sciences, but also in those of business process management, business process reengineering, industrial engineering, systems engineering, business intelligence, government administration, e-commerce and e-business, and others. The growing needs of using ES to solve real-world problems require intensive study of ES-related techniques and applications. This study explores those ES techniques and their applications in the aerospace industry. Furthermore, an application case of information integration in spacecraft state detection is demonstrated.

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de Carias, Maria C. Pineda. „The Central American Master’s Program in Astronomy and Astrophysics“. Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, Nr. 3 (2001): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000456.

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AbstractThe Master’s Program in Astronomy and Astrophysics for Central America arises as part of the project of the National Autonomous University of Honduras to contribute to the establishment of “Astronomy and Astrophysics” as an academic field within the region (Pineda de Carias 1993). In 1997, the same year that the Central American Suyapa Astronomical Observatory (CASAO) was officially inaugurated (within the frame of the VII UN/ESA Workshop on Basic Space Science), a degree course in astronomy and astrophysics at graduate level was approved. In 1998 the program was formally opened for Central American graduate students in physics, mathematics or engineering. In the year 2000, the first group of students is expected to finish their courses. In this document we present the main features of the Master’s Program: the syllabus, resources, organization. A discussion of the results achieved and of future tendencies is also included, together with some recommendations about how the international community may contribute to the enhancement of this type of effort, and on how this model may be useful for developing countries.

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Frank, T. D. „Strongly Nonlinear Stochastic Processes in Physics and the Life Sciences“. ISRN Mathematical Physics 2013 (28.03.2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/149169.

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Strongly nonlinear stochastic processes can be found in many applications in physics and the life sciences. In particular, in physics, strongly nonlinear stochastic processes play an important role in understanding nonlinear Markov diffusion processes and have frequently been used to describe order-disorder phase transitions of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. However, diffusion processes represent only one class of strongly nonlinear stochastic processes out of four fundamental classes of time-discrete and time-continuous processes evolving on discrete and continuous state spaces. Moreover, strongly nonlinear stochastic processes appear both as Markov and non-Markovian processes. In this paper the full spectrum of strongly nonlinear stochastic processes is presented. Not only are processes presented that are defined by nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations but also processes are discussed that are defined by nonlinear Markov chains, nonlinear master equations, and strongly nonlinear stochastic iterative maps. Markovian as well as non-Markovian processes are considered. Applications range from classical fields of physics such as astrophysics, accelerator physics, order-disorder phase transitions of liquids, material physics of porous media, quantum mechanical descriptions, and synchronization phenomena in equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems to problems in mathematics, engineering sciences, biology, psychology, social sciences, finance, and economics.

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Ponomarev, S. I. „Automation of the technology of connecting parts in the manufacture of aerospace products“. Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), Nr. 5 (14.05.2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2105-02.

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The paper describes the improvement of the technology of manufacturing parts and components of aerospace production using computer-aided design and technological process control. The theoretical foundations and algorithms for constructing the technological process of manufacturing parts and components of the aerospace industry using various methods of joining heat-resistant materials, for example, by diffusion welding, are designed on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies proposed by the author of the patented connection method «Method for joining a heat-resistant cobalt-based alloy with silicon nitride-based ceramics» and technological equipment «Installation for obtaining metal-ceramic products», as well as «Attribute database for creating technological processes for obtaining parts of aerospace production by diffusion welding» and «Attribute database of technological equipment, tools and devices for mechanical processing of aerospace production parts», registered in the register of databases of the Russian Federation. The research is conducted at the Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics of the Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after academician M.F. Reshetnev.

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Zalewski, Janusz. „Aerospace software engineering“. Control Engineering Practice 3, Nr. 9 (September 1995): 1349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0661(95)90053-5.

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25

Sergeyeva, N. A., L. P. Zabarinskaya, V. N. Ishkov und T. A. Krylova. „Solar Activity Observations at the World Data Center for Solar–Terrestrial Physics“. Cosmic Research 57, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010952519010106.

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Owen, D. Roger J. „Olgierd (Olek) Cecil Zienkiewicz CBE. 18 May 1921 — 2 January 2009“. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 55 (Januar 2009): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2009.0008.

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Olek Zienkiewicz is internationally recognized as having been one of the leading developers of the Finite Element Method, a computer-based technique that has, since the 1960s, revolutionized design and analysis procedures in civil, mechanical, aerospace and other branches of engineering. Initially the formulation of the method followed a traditional structural engineering approach, but as the underlying mathematical basis became understood its application to other disciplines became possible. The methodology remains a flourishing research topic and its application has considerable potential in new scientific areas, including biomedical engineering and the life sciences.

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Wautelet, Yves, Christophe Schinckus und Manuel Kolp. „Towards Knowledge Evolution in Software Engineering“. International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitsa.2010100202.

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This article presents an epistemological reading of knowledge evolution in software engineering (SE) both within a software project and into SE theoretical frameworks principally modeling languages and software development life cycles (SDLC). The article envisages SE as an artificial science and notably points to the use of iterative development as a more adequate framework for the enterprise applications. Iterative development has become popular in SE since it allows a more efficient knowledge acquisition process especially in user intensive applications by continuous organizational modeling and requirements acquisition, early implementation and testing, modularity,… SE is by nature a human activity: analysts, designers, developers and other project managers confront their visions of the software system they are building with users’ requirements. The study of software projects’ actors and stakeholders using Simon’s bounded rationality points to the use of an iterative development life cycle. The later, indeed, allows to better apprehend their rationality. Popper’s knowledge growth principle could at first seem suited for the analysis of the knowledge evolution in the SE field. However, this epistemology is better adapted to purely hard sciences as physics than to SE which also takes roots in human activities and by the way in social sciences. Consequently, we will nuance the vision using Lakatosian epistemology notably using his falsification principle criticism on SE as an evolving science. Finally the authors will point to adaptive rationality for a lecture of SE theorists and researchers’ rationality.

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VENEGAS-ANDRACA, SALVADOR ELÍAS. „Introduction to special issue: Physics and computer science – quantum computation and other approaches“. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 20, Nr. 6 (08.11.2010): 995–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129510000423.

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Computer science and computer engineering are disciplines that have very definitely permeated and transformed every aspect of modern society. In these fields, cutting-edge research is about new models of computation, new materials and techniques for building computer hardware and novel methods for speeding-up algorithms. But it is also about building bridges between computer science and various other scientific fields, bridges that allow scientists to both think of natural phenomena as computational procedures and to employ novel models of computation to simulate natural processes (for example, quantum walks have been used to model energy transport in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes (Hoyer et al. 2010; Caruso et al. 2010)). A convergence of scientific, technological, economic and epistemological demands is driving and integrating this research.

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Tomak, V. I., A. S. Burkov, A. M. Rytsarev und V. A. Tovstonog. „Experimental Evaluation of Thermophysical Characteristics of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Materials“. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, Nr. 2 (89) (April 2020): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-2-99-116.

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One of the most important problems in the development of advanced products of aerospace engineering and highly efficient power plants is to make high-temperature structural, heat-shielding and heat-insulating materials with extremely high operating temperatures of 2000--2500 °C. Even for prototype models, it is necessary to make a qualitative breakthrough in the field of materials science and the production of new high-temperature composite and heat-insulating materials which provide thermal protection and the permissible temperature conditions of structural elements at high temperatures. The practical application of the developed materials requires an evaluation of the whole body of their physicomechanical, optical, and thermophysical characteristics, which can only be done in experimental studies. We developed the design of the experimental setup and the methodology for the approximate evaluation of the thermophysical characteristics of highly porous heat-insulating materials at temperatures up to 2000 °C. A propane / oxygen or acetylene / oxygen multi-nozzle torch serves as a heating source for samples with a characteristic size of up to 50 × 50 mm. The paper substantiates the methodology for processing the measurement results in order to determine the thermophysical characteristics, and gives the results of a study of the thermal conductivity of highly porous zirconium oxide-based material

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Chen, Yao, Jiayi Yan und Jian Feng. „Geometric and Kinematic Analyses and Novel Characteristics of Origami-Inspired Structures“. Symmetry 11, Nr. 9 (02.09.2019): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091101.

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In recent years, origami structures have been gradually applied in aerospace, flexible electronics, biomedicine, robotics, and other fields. Origami can be folded from two-dimensional configurations into certain three-dimensional structures without cutting and stretching. This study first introduces basic concepts and applications of origami, and outlines the common crease patterns, whereas the design of crease patterns is focused. Through kinematic analysis and verification on origami structures, origami can be adapted for practical engineering. The novel characteristics of origami structures promote the development of self-folding robots, biomedical devices, and energy absorption members. We briefly describe the development of origami kinematics and the applications of origami characteristics in various fields. Finally, based on the current research progress of crease pattern design, kinematic analysis, and origami characteristics, research directions of origami-inspired structures are discussed.

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NG, A., T. AO, F. PERROT, M. W. C. DHARMA-WARDANA und M. E. FOORD. „Idealized slab plasma approach for the study of warm dense matter“. Laser and Particle Beams 23, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2005): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050718.

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Recently, warm dense matter has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that draws increasing interest in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, high pressure science, astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion, as well as material science under extreme conditions. To allow the study of well-defined warm dense matter states, we introduced the concept of idealized slab plasma (ISP) that can be realized in the laboratory via (1) the isochoric heating of a solid and (2) the propagation of a shock wave in a solid. The application of this concept provides new means for probing AC conductivity, equation of state, ionization, and opacity. These approaches are presented here using results derived from numerical simulations.

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Yakovleva, Galina V. „Physical and Mathematical Sciences in the New Edition of Library Bibliographic Classification Schedules“. Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 67, Nr. 4 (20.10.2018): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-4-472-479.

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The article presents changes in the structure and content of Schedules of Library Bibliographic Classification (LBC) to reflect the modern literature on Physical and Mathematical Sciences. The author describes specific features of separating the literature inside subdivision and between other divisions of the LBC Medium Schedules. The article considers the principles of separation of literature between Mathematics and Logic, representing the greatest difficulty in the systematization of literature. The range of issues belonging to the complex of computer sciences removed beyond the Division of Mathematics. Special sections on Hydro — and Aerodynamics collect literature, reflecting the applied directions in connection with a variety of technical applications, as well as separate research areas, where the studies are very intensive. The main series of subdivision on Physics is updated due to the introduction of new division, which reflects the new, rapidly developing areas of research in the Physics of soft condensed matter and Nanophysics. In this regard, there was conducted separation with the relevant subdivisions of Chemistry. Modern Radio physics turned from the applied science that supports Radio engineering in the extensive independent field of Physics. In this regard, it was decided to collect the literature on Radio physics in the Physics division, and to add the Radio band to the Schedule of special type sections on frequency ranges of electromagnetic waves. The new division of Laser Physics is introduced for the literature on physical processes related to the generation and amplification of optical radiation. The author describes the principles of separating with the subdivision on engineering technology, where lasers are considered as optical quantum generators. The Astronomy division for the first time presented the literature, reflecting studies on the detection of gravitational waves and on the origin and early evolution of the Solar system.

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David, Hanna. „Learning Mathematics in the Israeli Junior High School: The Gender Issue and beyond it Women and Mathematics Learning: A Feminist or an Economic Question?“ Gifted Education International 20, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2005): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142940502000309.

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One of the main reasons for social and economic gender inequity in our society is closely connected to the unsatisfactory level of math and science that girls choose to learn while in high school Not learning enough mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computer science limits the access of many girls to high prestige professions, whether mathematics-related, e.g. engineering, economics, or management, or not necessarily math-related, e.g. law or psychology.

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Rodríguez, M., A. Ayala, F. Rosa, F. Herrera, S. Rodríguez, M. Díaz-González und S. R. Buenafuente. „A Low-Cost Interface Circuit to Enable A/D Conversion Using the Parallel Port“. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 38, Nr. 3 (Juli 2001): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.38.3.4.

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A simple and low-cost acquisition device using the computer parallel port has been used to implement a full acquisition system composed of an analogue interface, a 12-bit analogue-to-digital converter, a quad three to one multiplexer and a software package aimed at managing the acquisition process. The features of this system make its implementation a suitable educational resource for undergraduate students from Engineering, Physics and Computer Sciences faculties.

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Anandhanarayanan, K. „Development of Three-dimensional Grid-free Solver and its Applications to Multi-body Aerospace Vehicles“. Defence Science Journal 60, Nr. 6 (20.11.2010): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.583.

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Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Mahamadou Tembely und Sarhan M. Musa. „NATURAL COMPUTING“. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, Nr. 5 (02.06.2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i5.597.

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Natural computing refers to the field that investigates both human-designed computing inspired by nature and computing taking place in nature. It is based on the premise that “nature computes.” Due of its interdisciplinary nature, natural computing covers a spectrum of research areas including biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, and engineering. This paper provides a brief introduction to natural computing.

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Huang, Anpeng, und Linzhen Xie. „Healthinfo Engineering: Technology Perspectives from Evidence-Based mHealth Study in WE-CARE Project“. International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2015010102.

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Driven by the commission to proliferate information and communication technologies to health services globally, a new multidisciplinary direction is born, which can be named as Health Information (termed as a new word, Healthinfo) Engineering. To highlight the significances of Healthinfo Engineering, the evidence-based mHealth study in the WE-CARE project demonstrates technology perspectives. In this project, the authors built up a WE-CARE system, which integrate various necessary information and communication technologies to fulfill online healthcare services, even including advances from related math/modelling, physics sciences, etc. Without any doubt, such a system is a promising tool to change healthcare delivery. But this project also reveals there are many explicit and implicit factors left when using system-level integration in order to perform healthinfo applications. In general, in contrast to an explicit factor, an implicit factor is hidden from practical applications, which is the critical risk that may break down a healthinfo system. This phenomenon motivates us to investigate what's real bottlenecks in healthinfo systems. Based on the motivation, this paper summarizes healthinfo challenges from evidence study in the WE-CARE project, for instance, scheduling strategy, system light-loading, virtual clinical perception, privacy protection, etc. This technology summary shows that more extensive attention should be needed for healthinfo study not only in mobile and medical areas, and also in computer science, maths, physics, even including ethic, law, etc. In return, the new interdisciplinary cutting-edge science, Healthinfo Engineering, can make contributions to offer a practical life-cycle health management for all human being, including cancer supportive care.

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Nguyen, Canh, Thanh, Ke, Phan und Thom. „Finite Element Modelling of a Composite Shell with Shear Connectors“. Symmetry 11, Nr. 4 (11.04.2019): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11040527.

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A three-layer composite shell with shear connectors is made of three shell layers with one another connected by stubs at the contact surfaces. These layers can have similar or different geometrical and physical properties with the assumption that they always contact and have relative movement in the working process. Due to these characteristics, they are used widely in many engineering applications, such as ship manufacturing and production, aerospace technologies, transportation, and so on. However, there are not many studies on these types of structures. This paper is based on the first-order shear deformation Mindlin plate theory and finite element method (FEM) to establish the oscillator equations of the shell structure under dynamic load. The authors construct the calculation program in the MATLAB environment and verify the accuracy of the established program. Based on this approach, we study the effects of some of the geometrical and physical parameters on the dynamic responses of the shell.

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Aurora Favero Reis, Mari, Marlise Geller und Agostinho Serrano. „Computer simulations for the teaching of photoelectric effect“. RENOTE 19, Nr. 1 (28.07.2021): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-1916.118488.

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The photoelectric effect in the production and transformation of light is animportant phenomenon in quantum physics. The theory was initially presented by Albert Einstein and allows us to explain several technological applications in engineering. The use of computer simulations in the process, as they have already been proven to yield in science teaching, can provide excellent conceptual learning results, and that includes the teaching of the photoelectric effect. Ten simulations available on the internet were classified by criteria established based on bibliographic research developed within the framework of the historicity, concept, and context triad, and then four were selected and used in a classroom with engineering undergraduate sophomores. The Predict-Observe-Explain (P.O.E.) methodology was used to guide students in carrying out the experiments. The results of the analysis of the simulations and the elaboration of a laboratory instruction guide and experimental intervention, with the methodology, demonstrated the effectiveness of using computer simulations for the learning of scientific concepts in the context of engineering education.

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Gadasin, Denis V., Andrey V. Shvedov und Alyona A. Yudin. „CLUSTERING METHODS IN LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS“. SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, Nr. 5 (2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-5-21-24.

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Interactions between people, groups, organizations, and biological cells have a relationship character that can be represented as a network. The system properties of such networks, regardless of their physical nature, but clearly determining the performance of networks, create the totality of the real world. Complex networks – are naturally existing networks (graphs) that have complex topological properties. The researchers who participate and also make discoveries in this field come from various Sciences such as mathematics, computer science, physics, sociology, and engineering. Therefore, the results of research carry both theoretical knowledge and practical applications in these Sciences. This paper discusses the definition of complex networks. The main characteristics of complex networks, such as clustering and congestion, are considered. A popular social network is considered as a complex network. The calculation of nodes and links of the considered social network is made. The main types of AI development and training are highlighted.

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Mendonca, F. B., G. Urgessa, K. Iha, R. J. Rocha und J. A. F. F. Rocco. „Comparison of Predicted and Experimental Behaviour of RC Slabs Subjected to Blast using SDOF Analysis“. Defence Science Journal 68, Nr. 2 (13.03.2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.11682.

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<p>Explosions emanating from terrorist attacks or military weapons cause damage to civilian and military facilities. Understanding the mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete structures subjected to blast is of paramount importance for minimizing the possible blast damage. A full-scale experimental program consisting of six reinforced concrete slabs with compressive strengths of 60 MPa, 50 MPa and 40 MPa, measuring 1.0 m × 1.0 m × 0.08 m, and subjected to 2.7 kg of non-confined plastic bonded explosive, was conducted in blast test area of Science and Technology Aerospace Department (Brazilian Air Force). This paper compares experimentally measured peak displacement values with theoretical values. Theoretical analysis was carried out using single degree of freedom (SDOF) models. The comparison showed that SDOF analysis worked very well in predicting the reinforced concrete slab peak displacement against blast effects. Qualitative analysis after the experiments showed that the blast wave shape generated by the cylindrical explosive was not uniformly distributed on the slabs for the standoff distance of 0.927 m∕kg1/3.<br /><br /></p>

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Abdelsalam, U. M., und M. G. M. Ghazal. „Analytical Wave Solutions for Foam and KdV-Burgers Equations Using Extended Homogeneous Balance Method“. Mathematics 7, Nr. 8 (09.08.2019): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7080729.

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In this paper, extended homogeneous balance method is presented with the aid of computer algebraic system Mathematica for deriving new exact traveling wave solutions for the foam drainage equation and the Kowerteg-de Vries–Burgers equation which have many applications in industrial applications and plasma physics. The method is effective to construct a series of analytical solutions including many types like periodical, rational, singular, shock, and soliton wave solutions for a wide class of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics and engineering sciences.

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Takinoue, Masahiro, und Ryuji Kawano. „Editorial on the Special Issue on Recent Advances of Molecular Machines and Molecular Robots“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 12 (24.11.2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121031.

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Molecular machines and molecular robots are a highly interdisciplinary research field including material science, chemistry, biotechnology, biophysics, soft matter physics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and computer science [...]

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Suh Song, Young, Hyunwoo Kim, Junsu Yu und Jongho Lee. „Improvement in Self-Heating Characteristic by Utilizing Sapphire Substrate in Omega-Gate-Shaped Nanowire Field Effect Transistor for Wearable, Military, and Aerospace Application“. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, Nr. 5 (01.05.2021): 3092–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19149.

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In this study, we propose an omega-shaped-gate nanowire field effect transistor (ONWFET) with a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrate. In order to investigate improvements in the self-heating characteristic with the use of a SOS substrate, the lattice temperature is examined using a Synopsys Sentaurus 3D Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator with the results compared to those with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. To validate the proposed structure with the SOS substrate, the locations of hot spots and heat dissipation paths (heat sinks) depending on the substrate materials are also analyzed. The electrical characteristics, specifically the on-current (Ion), off-current (Ioff), and subthreshold swing (SS), were investigated as well. Hence, it is demonstrated here that incorporating a SOS substrate can improve both the self-heating characteristic and the SS at the same time. Therefore, enhanced logic devices are feasible if using an ONWFET with a SOS substrate. Examples include wearable devices and military and future aerospace applications achieved by the radiation-resistant material Al2O3 that has high thermal conductivity.

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Funke, Torsten, und Dieter Bestle. „Physics-based model of a stroke-dependent shock absorber“. Multibody System Dynamics 30, Nr. 2 (31.01.2013): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-013-9348-9.

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Rosenbloom, Lucy. „arXiv“. Charleston Advisor 21, Nr. 2 (01.10.2019): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.2.8.

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The innovative preprint repository, arXiv, was created in the early 1990s to improve access to scientific research. arXiv contains millions of Open Access articles in physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. All articles are available for free download on the open web. Often research findings are available on arXiv before they are published in a peer-reviewed journal. arXiv relies on a collaborative support business model where institutions that most heavily utilize arXiv contribute financially. Support also comes from Cornell University and the Simons Foundation.

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Borisov, S. V., S. A. Voronov und A. V. Karelin. „Energy measurements of electrons and protons in cosmic ray physics using satellite and balloon calorimeters in recent two decades“. Cosmic Research 49, Nr. 3 (24.05.2011): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010952511030038.

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Battiston, R. „Particle astrophysics“. Advances in Space Research 37, Nr. 10 (Januar 2006): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.03.014.

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49

Gu Huarong, 顾华荣. „Data compression coding technologies for computer-generated holographic three-dimensional display“. Infrared and Laser Engineering 47, Nr. 6 (2018): 603006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201847.0603006.

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Goldin, Daniel S., Samuel L. Venneri und Ahmed K. Noor. „The Great Out of the Small“. Mechanical Engineering 122, Nr. 11 (01.11.2000): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-nov-1.

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This article discusses that a wealth of technological breakthroughs is likely to come from mimicking the interactions of biological systems and their response to the environment. The following next few decades will witness thinking, learning, evolvable aerospace systems. It will also see systems-on-a-chip, in which miniaturization allows all electronic systems of an aerospace vehicle (computer, memory, guidance, navigation, communications, power, and sensors) to fit on a tiny chip. Such aerospace systems cannot be realized with present technologies. The synergistic coupling of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and information technology with other leading edge aerospace technologies can produce breakthroughs in vehicle concepts and exploration missions, enable new science, and reshape our frame of reference for the future. The potential benefits of these technologies are pervasive and extend to several non-aerospace fields, such as high-performance computing and communications, land and sea transportation systems, health care, and advanced energy conversion and storage.

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