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Panji, Pringga Satria, und Lolom Evalita Hutabarat. „PERUBAHAN BIDANG JASA KONSTRUKSI DI ERA DISRUPSI DALAM TATARAN KONSEP EPC 4.0“. Jurnal Rekayasa Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan - CENTECH 1, Nr. 2 (31.10.2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/cen.v1i2.2066.
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Industri 4.0 sudah digaungkan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Konsep dalam Industri 4.0 ini membutuhkan perubahan yang fundamental dalam setiap sendi-sendi kegiatan bisnis yang sudah sekian lama dilakukan. Business as usual, sebuah frasa yang tidak lagi berlaku untuk melakukan sebuah perubahan mendasar. Efisiensi dalam konteks digitalisasi proses bisnis EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) sangat diperlukan saat ini. Terlebih jika kondisi perusahaan sedang dalam masa sulit atau resesi akibat pandemi covid-19, perlu penerapan konsep EPC 4.0 dengan penyesuaian terhadap kebutuhan perusahaan secara khusus dan negara secara umum. Banyak hal mendasar yang akan mengalami distraksi dalam industry EPC 4.0, antara lain hubungan antara pemilik proyek, kontraktor, sub-kontraktor dan supplier, kemudian pola rantai suplai barang dan material, organisasi, otomasi dan faktor sumber daya manusia
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Mariyati, Dwi. „Prinsip Hukum Dalam Penyusunan dan Pelaksanaan Kontrak Engineering Procurement Construction (Kontrak "EPC")“. Yuridika 33, Nr. 2 (01.05.2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i2.7412.
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The EPC Contract is the form of contract that is currently used by the contractors to take over construction work. The EPC Contract having three activities, the engineering design , procurement and construction execution, that are integrated. For the activity EPC Contract is the Single Contractor must be responsible for the design of jobs and accuracy, and requirement of the owner project, until construction. This contract type commonly have a high risk, the finals price, and the accuracy of the period for implementation. Characteristic of EPC Contract is industry building activities that are proces plant and industry plant. The purpose of which are going to achieved in EPC Contract to preset specifications to fulfill the requirements specified in terms of the time, the quality and expenses.The main issues in this legal research are the legal principle that is used in the preparation of EPC Contract and the principle of law in the implementation of EPC Contract in Indonesia. The type of research is the normative study and the approach of this research having four methods approach among others are statute approach, conceptual approach, cases approach, and comparative approach.The result of this research there are four the most important among others are the first is legislation, the second is the implementation of regulation, the third is EPC institution procurement and fourth is the form of EPC Contract.
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Ban, Tran Van, und Bonaventura H. W. Hadikusumo. „Culture EPC oil and gas project in Vietnam: grounded theory“. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 11, Nr. 3 (04.09.2017): 366–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2016-0009.
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Purpose Engineering-procurement-construction (EPC) projects in the oil and gas industry are special projects involving diverse cultures, behaviours and complexity in global business. Among these elements, culture is a crucial factor contributing to project performance. Several studies have been conducted on culture and its impact on project performance, especially in construction. However, studies on the cultural factors affecting EPC projects have not yet been carried out, especially for projects in the oil and gas industry. Thus, this study aims to explore and identify the cultural factors that affect the performance of oil and gas EPC projects in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach In all, 60 people with experience in EPC projects were interviewed for the study. Axial and selective coding were used to build the final grounded theory. Findings The research findings show that the main cultural factors affecting the performance of EPC projects are leadership, organisation, planning, communication, human resources, goal and orientation. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence for the importance of cultural factors that affect the success of EPC projects. It can serve as a guide on how to manage EPC projects and how to overcome the cultural difficulties in oil and gas EPC projects in Vietnam.
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Tanaka, H., und S. Bushuyev. „PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY BY CO-CREATING STRATEGIC VALUE FOR THE INDUSTRY“. Scientific Journal of Astana IT University, Nr. 6 (30.06.2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37943/aitu.2021.16.52.006.
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Project development and marketing on large oil and gas projects (LOGPs) by engineering-procurement-construction (EPC) contractors respond to massive capital investment (CAPEX) undertakings by oil and gas industry owners and takes on multi-lateral interactions carried out by a dozen actors proactively participating in the EPC contractors’ business ecosystem created to remain competitive toward owner companies, which form of project marketing is different from a straight forward contractor – owner interaction found in the other branches of contracting industry. Most of such interactions are based on strategic trust among the relevant members built over decades of heavy win-win transactions. This study has found the actors that compose the project development and marketing cycle in LOGPs, explored dominant logics of EPC contractor’s project development and marketing, and analysed how primary actors in LOGP development and implementation co-create strategic values for both the respective corporations and sustainable overall industry growth. The business ecosystem theory posits that a business ecosystem is an economic community supported by interacting organizations; the company holding a leadership role is valued by the community because it enables members to move toward shared visions to align their investments – this refers to the platform services theory and to find mutually supportive roles.
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Kadam, Prashant Pralhad. „Risk Management in Oil and Gas (EPC) Industry“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. 9 (30.09.2021): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38162.
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Abstract: The five most important risk factors identified in the design phase are 1] scope uncertainty, 2] failed management and planning, 3] changes in errors and omissions, 4] inadequate projectS team structure, 5] inadequate quality requirements. The top five risk factors determined by the procurement category are 1] Inadequate online resources and equipment, 2] Distribution of suppliers, 3] Uncertainty in design and style, codes, requirements and standards, 4] Defective items, and 5] Compromise. The 5 most important risk factors identified in the construction phase are 1] weak project capability, 2] excessive construction costs, 3] major construction delays, 4] strong project plan, and 5] poor safety management .This was initiated by the link between risk factors and the effects on price, quality and timing, as well as the potential for expensive, common, and high-quality outcomes. Keywords: Disaster risk management, risk management strategies, project risk management, oil and gas industry.
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Janakiram, Mani, und J. Bert Keats. „Combining SPC and EPC in a Hybrid Industry“. Journal of Quality Technology 30, Nr. 3 (Juli 1998): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1998.11979848.
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Wagner, Reinhard F. „EPC 4.0: The quest for reducing CAPEX in EPC projects“. Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 12, Nr. 1 (27.07.2020): 2245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0020.
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AbstractEngineering, procurement and construction (EPC) business in Europa is increasingly under pressure. Lack of productivity, low or negative profit margins for investors, and the lack of adopting necessary innovations and digitalization—from engineering activities through operations and maintenance to decommissioning—have caused significant deprivation of business and competitiveness compared to emerging providers in Asia. The quest for reducing capital expenditures (CAPEX) in EPC projects is intensifying. In May 2018, a research project was started to analyze the situation and key trends through desk research, to research how the challenges of the business could be tackled and to derive practical guidance for EPC contractors as well as for investors, owners, and operators (O/O). The project aimed to propose innovative ways of improving the EPC business model to reach the next level (“EPC 4.0”). In doing so, lessons learned from the automotive and aviation industry were considered. A key objective of the research project was to challenge statements of international EPC experts to cut CAPEX by 40–50% in EPC projects. With this statement in mind, the research focused on identifying measures with potential in six areas: (1) digitalization, (2) partnering, (3) flat supply chains, (4) flexible organizations, (5) core competences, and (6) the human factor. Summarizing the findings in these areas, the EPC 4.0 project came to a savings potential of up to 50% of the total budgeted project costs.
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Xie, Weijiang, Guangsha Zhou und Fangyuan Chen. „Development Suggestions of EPC Based on Electric Power Industry“. Lecture Notes on Information Theory 2, Nr. 1 (2014): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/lnit.2.1.117-120.
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Celeste, Robert, und Beth Ann Cusack. „EPCglobal Standards in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Toward a Safe and Secure Supply Chain“. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, Nr. 4 (August 2006): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190006293510.
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This article focuses on the value of standards and the industry's work to date on an ePedigree standard, track-and-trace and electronic product code (EPC)/radio frequency identification (RFID). Parallels are drawn between the development of the bar code standard in the 1970s by EPCglobal's parent company, GS1 US, and the activities seen today in the EPC/RFID marketplace. The article also touches on issues such as patient privacy, item identification, sensor technology. Last, the article identifies areas other than counterfeit that may benefit from the standards that are being developed today.
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Wang, Shaowen, Xiaojun Liu und Weixing Shao. „Drivers of Engineering Procurement and Construction Model Adoption Behavior by Public Construction Owners in China“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 15 (04.08.2023): 11996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511996.
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The promotion of the EPC model in public construction projects is a priority for reform in the Chinese construction industry. This study integrates the push–pull–mooring (PPM) model with the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework to explore the influencing factors and action mechanisms of adopting the EPC model of the owners of public construction projects in China. An online questionnaire was sent to public construction project owners who have participated in EPC projects. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the survey data. The results identified that the push factors for public construction project owners to the adoption of the EPC model include owners’ management ability, owner’s knowledge about EPC, and the matching degree between the owner’s management philosophy and EPC model; the pull factor is the performance pressure of the project; and the mooring factors include subjective norms, the maturity degree of the EPC, and the support environment. In addition, perceived usefulness, cognitive, and adoption attitude play a mediating role in the relationship between external stimuli and adoption behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of Chinese public project owners’ behavior in adopting the EPC model and provides a theoretical basis for policy recommendations to promote the adoption of the EPC model by public construction project owners in China.
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Kim, Chi-Poong, Joo-Young Hong und Hyun-Taek Koh. „Millennials’ Avoidance of International Assignments in the Middle East: A Case in the EPC Industry“. International Academy of Global Business and Trade 18, Nr. 4 (31.08.2022): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.4.57.
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Purpose – Working in the Middle East used to be a “must-have” experience in the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) industry. However, these days, millennials are not willing to accept such assignments. By adopting expectancy theory, this study explores the antecedents causing their reluctance.
Design/Methodology/Approach – We adopt consensual qualitative research method with 21 in-depth interviews of expatriates with working experience in the Middle East from three EPC companies in South Korea. In particular, our study covers expatriates working in Qatar, Morocco, Algeria, Oman, Iraq, and Kuwait, which are rarely studied in the existing literature.
Findings – We find that millennial expatriates are sensitive to harsh working environments that lead to limitations in their personal lives. Our study also shows that millennials perceive the reward as too low, especially when compared to expatriates in other countries or those at headquarters. Furthermore, they think working in the Middle East is not helpful to their future career.
Research Implications – South Korean EPC companies should identify the characteristics of these millennials and make adjustments to current HR practices, such as pay raises and career support. Allowances for long-term employees in remote parts of the Middle East should also be increased. It is necessary to give extra points to promotion for those who have worked in secluded areas.
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Liu, Lijun, Zhixin Long, Chuangchuang Kou, Haozeng Guo und Xinyu Li. „Evaluation of the Environmental Cost of Integrated Inbound Logistics: A Case Study of a Gigafactory of a Chinese Logistics Firm“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 15 (25.07.2023): 11520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511520.
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In recent years, sustainable development has become an emerging trend in the logistics industry. Smart manufacturing factories pursue green logistics processes with lower energy consumption and reduced carbon emission. The environmental sustainability of the logistics process is widely acknowledged as an important issue. However, a standardized methodology for assessing the environmental cost of logistics-process-aided smart manufacturing is lacking. This paper presents a concept for determining the inbound logistics environmental cost (ILEC) of a gigafactory. Additionally, a novel structured methodology for ILEC assessment is proposed to uniformly describe the gigafactory’s logistics environmental cost, regarding the “double carbon” goal (peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality). First, eight types of basic logistics activities and six logistics phases associated with the gigafactory’s inbound logistics are defined. The mapping relationships between the logistics phases and the basic logistics activities are constructed. Then, the novel concepts of environmental price cost (EPC) and environmental impact cost (EIC) are defined and presented. Finally, the ILEC of the gigafactory, including EPC and EIC, is assessed based on mapping relationships and an environmental cost model. We validate this model using the advanced Geely Automobile factory in China in order to analyze the actual inbound logistics environmental costs and how to assess its environmental price and environmental impact. Results from the data model show the environmental costs throughout the whole process and the detailed composition ratio of EPC and EIC in the inbound logistics. Based on the implementation of the ILEC model, our study helps gigafactories to identify critical logistics nodes through energy consumption and to measure the environmental performance of the inbound logistics process. Furthermore, our study helps gigafactories to develop practical environmental strategies.
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Wu, Shao-Hua, He-Qiao Wang, Miao He und Chang Qin. „Environmental Regulation, Environmental Policy Complexity and Technological Innovation Efficiency“. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 30, Nr. 2 (01.06.2023): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2023-0015.
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Abstract Previous studies on the relationship between environmental regulation (ER) and technological innovation efficiency of defence industry (TIE-DI) mainly focus on variability and complexity, while few empirical studies have incorporated environmental flexibility into models, and most of them are based on questionnaires. Therefore, this paper takes environmental regulation and environmental policy complexity (EPC) as the entry point, so as to discuss the feasibility of improving the technological innovation efficiency of China’s defence industry enterprises (CDI), which aims to empirically test the mechanism of ER and EPC on improving the efficiency of applied technological innovation of China’s defence industry enterprises. The research conclusion provides sufficient theoretical basis and empirical support for strengthening the technical innovation efficiency support, standardising the market order and the market leading, establishing the information disclosure mechanism and improving the internal control of industrial enterprises.
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de Britto Pires, A. M., F. Lima Cruz Teixeira, H. N. Hastenreiter Filho und S. R. Góes Oliveira. „The challenge of building effective hybrid organizations in Brazil“. Journal on Chain and Network Science 13, Nr. 1 (01.01.2013): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2013.x223.
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Since 1996, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras, the biggest oil company in Latin America, has been supporting a programme for the design, customization, and implementation of tri-lateral collaborative arrangements called the Centres and Networks of Excellence (CNE) Programme, in areas which are critical to the company's competitiveness. This programme is aligned with the Open Innovation proposal, as it is designed to intensify the inflows and outflows of information and technology, from internal and external sources, in the RD&I activities of the participating organizations. This article presents qualitative research based on the case study of the Centre of Excellence (CE) in Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), a hybrid organization which brings together oil companies, EPC companies, universities and technical schools, government entities, professional associations and industry bodies, in an effort to make the Brazilian EPC sector related to the oil and gas industry sustainable and competitive worldwide. The principal objective was to investigate the governance elements and managerial mechanisms that support or hinder collaboration among the parties. The work included the identification of collaborative activities within the organization and aspects of trust. Qualitative data was collected by means of in-depth interviews with staff and executive members of the CE-EPC. The case study highlighted the potential of the method to help set up hybrid collaborative initiatives among parties from different institutional spheres. However, the research identified some barriers to the full accomplishment of CNE. A weak culture of collaboration was the greatest difficulty found in the CE-EPC case. The lack of positive previous cooperation experiences together with a lifelong practice of market relations make it hard to get members to focus attention on a new work logic. Yet, despite the high asymmetry among members and the weak network culture, the results indicate that the CE-EPC has accomplished significant positive results in twenty months of operation and that its internal environment is supportive and favours the improvement and consolidation of the organization.
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Zhong, Yang, Aiwen Lin, Chiwei Xiao und Zhigao Zhou. „Research on the Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Electrical Power Consumption in Three Urban Agglomerations of Yangtze River Economic Belt, China Based on DMSP/OLS Night Light Data“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 6 (17.03.2021): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061150.
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In this paper, based on electrical power consumption (EPC) data extracted from DMSP/OLS night light data, we select three national-level urban agglomerations in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB), includes Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations(YRDUA), urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(UAMRYR), and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration(CCUA) as the research objects. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV), kernel density analysis, cold hot spot analysis, trend analysis, standard deviation ellipse and Moran’s I Index were used to analyze the Spatio-temporal Dynamic Evolution Characteristics of EPC in the three urban agglomerations of the YREB. In addition, we also use geographically weighted regression (GWR) model and random forest algorithm to analyze the influencing factors of EPC in the three major urban agglomerations in YREB. The results of this study show that from 1992 to 2013, the CV of the EPC in the three urban agglomerations of YREB has been declining at the overall level. At the same time, the highest EPC value is in YRDUA, followed by UAMRYR and CCUA. In addition, with the increase of time, the high-value areas of EPC hot spots are basically distributed in YRDUA. The standard deviation ellipses of the EPC of the three urban agglomerations of YREB clearly show the characteristics of “east-west” spatial distribution. With the increase of time, the correlations and the agglomeration of the EPC in the three urban agglomerations of the YREB were both become more and more obvious. In terms of influencing factor analysis, by using GWR model, we found that the five influencing factors we selected basically have a positive impact on the EPC of the YREB. By using the Random forest algorithm, we found that the three main influencing factors of EPC in the three major urban agglomerations in the YREB are the proportion of secondary industry in GDP, Per capita disposable income of urban residents, and Urbanization rate.
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Hong Pham, Linh, und Harimurti Hadikusumo. „Schedule delays in engineering, procurement, and construction petrochemical projects in Vietnam“. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 8, Nr. 1 (01.04.2014): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-06-2013-0009.
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Purpose – Petrochemical projects play a very important role in the economic development of Vietnam. For the past ten years, many large-scale petrochemical plants have been developed using the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project delivery system for completing the project faster. However, many projects have suffered from schedule delays. In order to solve the delay problem, a clear understanding of the EPC business model and its delays problems are studied in this research. A qualitative research method by using case study on selected EPC projects was adopted. This paper aims to define the current business models used in the Vietnamese petrochemical industry and explores the root cause of delays. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology used in this study is multiple case studies by purposive sampling on EPC projects. This is chosen due to the limited number of EPC projects in petrochemical in Vietnam and to obtain schedule delay factors from both delayed and on-time projects. In this purposive sampling, the researcher decided on what needs to know and sets out to find the people who can and are willing to share their information. From each project, project manager and project engineer were interviewed to understand the delay factors in their EPC projects. Data from the interview were analyzed by using “pattern coding” described by Miles and Huberman. Then, cross-case analysis was used to identify the common and unique factors occurring in each case. By comparing the three cases, the authors can identify the delay factors in EPC petrochemical in Vietnam. Findings – By interviewing the management level officers in three cases and performing exploratory work on the secondary data, it was observed that the local and foreign contractors of EPC projects in Vietnam have generally similar business process. Then, the codes were grounded based on the EPC business process, and subjected to the cross-case analysis. The root cause of problems in each phase was provided. Originality/value – The paper fulfills an identified root cause of EPC projects in Vietnam.
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Park, Junhwi, SeongRak Choi, Dohyeong Kim, Denise Boots und Chang Kil Lee. „Role of Technology in Sustainable Gambling: Policy Effects of Electronic Card System and Limit Setting“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (11.08.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1779535.
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With the rapid expansion of the gambling industry in Asian markets over the past decade, South Korea has implemented policies seeking to expand entertainment gambling while simultaneously seeking to reduce possible harms from problem gambling. In 2016, the mandatory electronic players’ card (EPC) system was adopted into specific Korean horse and cycling venues to discourage problem gambling behaviors since it prohibits large bets, while permitting other venues to autonomously operate EPC systems. This study compares preliminary data from mandatory versus autonomous venues to explore how EPC systems impact gambling behaviors, revenues, and policies. Overall, electronic cards were more widely adopted in mandatory venues for horse betting and in autonomous venues for cycling betting. Analyses indicate that larger bets were placed at both horse- and cycle-betting venues with autonomous card registration versus mandatory venues. While the EPC system mitigated problem gambling behaviors in horse betting, this impact was not observed for cycle betting. Such differences indicate that users across different types of sport betting exhibit somewhat distinct characteristics and behaviors in using electronic cards, which could shed light on the sustainable gambling strategy of adopting technology-driven EPC systems in sport betting not only in South Korea but also elsewhere around the world.
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Xu, Pengpeng, Edwin H. W. Chan und Patrick T. I. Lam. „A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ENERGY EFFICENCY RETROFIT USING THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING (EPC) IN CHINA“. Journal of Green Building 8, Nr. 1 (April 2013): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.8.1.177.
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Sustainable building has become a future development trend in the building sector. Building Energy Efficiency Retrofit (BEER) provides excellent opportunities to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings, and to promote environmental protection, the rational use of resources, occupants' health, all of which helps to improve the sustainability of existing buildings. Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) provided by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) is a market mechanism to provide financial and technological support for energy efficiency projects. This paper aims to develop a sustainability promotion framework for BEER projects under the EPC mechanism to link the sustainable performance of BEER with the success factors of this EPC mechanism. Different types of building have different energy consumption characteristics. This research focuses on hotel buildings in China. The paper develops a framework for sustainable BEER through an EPC mechanism in hotel buildings based on the EFQM Excellence Model for business quality management. Interviews were conducted with experts from the hotel industry, from energy service companies and with academics. Based on the developed framework, the study has identified 11 performance indicators for sustainable BEER and 28 success factors of an EPC mechanism. This provides significant groundwork for future study in developing an assessment model to evaluate the sustainability of BEER projects.
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Komurlu, Ruveyda, und Akin Er. „Evaluation of an OBCE Conversion Contract in a Large-scale Oil and Gas Project“. MATEC Web of Conferences 312 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031202006.
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Billion-dollar investments are quite common in oil and gas industry and owners generally prefer engineering, procurement, construction (EPC) contracts since they would like to minimize their risks and guarantee the most consistent project cost and shortest timeline scheme. Considering the size of contracts, owners are unsurprisingly seeking an ideal tender awarding method to avoid deviation from project schedule or budget and get the maximum benefit for them. They may prefer to award the EPC contract directly (i), have a front-end engineering design (FEED) study done first and award the EPC contract afterwards (ii), or set up a convertible contract and convert it to EPC after an open book cost estimate (OBCE) process (iii). It is a question of concern which option for large-scale oil and gas projects is the most favourable. As a case study, outcomes of a project which was administrated with a conversion type of contract will be reviewed in detail, and a number of principles based on lessons learned will be listed. Thus, the authors aim to provide a verifying approach for the interpretation of EPC conversion type contract management based on analysis of the distinguishing features of large-scale oil and gas projects.
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Gong, Pan, Ningshuang Zeng, Kunhui Ye und Markus König. „An Empirical Study on the Acceptance of 4D BIM in EPC Projects in China“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 5 (02.03.2019): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051316.
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The engineering-procurement-construction (EPC) method has the potential to help construction projects achieve sustainable performance, e.g., the contractor’s early involvement, cost savings, and a reduced schedule. However, high uncertainties and complexities are contained in EPC projects. 4D BIM (Building Information Modeling) with abilities to simplify the time and space relationships of construction activities and support multi-party information sharing is beneficial to EPC project management. The behavior pattern of the project personnel toward accepting 4D BIM information systems or tools needs to be explored. Therefore, a research model of the acceptance of 4D BIM in EPC projects with eight latent constructs is proposed through a literature review of technology acceptance theories. Data is collected from a questionnaire survey and interviews. Research hypotheses are examined using PLS-SEM (partial least squares-structural equation modeling). Empirical evidence is collected from China, and implications to the developing countries facing the challenge of developing a technology-intensive construction industry are provided: (1) Adopting 4D BIM in the EPC project is beneficial; (2) the task-technology fit plays a leading role in technology acceptance; (3) the management incentive is inefficient at the operational stage. Suggestions for future research on 4D BIM acceptance in complex construction projects with abundant data and alternative models are provided.
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Lan, Min. „Cloud Computing: Rebuilding EPC Management Mode“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (Mai 2012): 3603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3603.
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Relying on cloud computing concept and based on engineering theories and practical conditions to change from the traditional management concept based on engineering object division to the post-centered EPC new mode; realize real-time automatic and intelligent acquisition and processing of the project data and information, synchronic evolution of management system and works progress and full sharing of information resources in the system; establish all-service operating system through three steps, i.e. rebuilding of management structural system, intellectualization of management system and building of knowledge discovery model. The new mode can effectively improve the overall management level of the project, systemically prevent engineering risks and reduce cost of project construction and management in the long run. The development of cloud computing is of great significance to the management of construction and engineering industry in respects of intelligent completion of business functions within management system, free transition of business modules and convenient alternation of supervision hierarchies and means both inside and outside the system. Especially in field with serious project corruption, replacing the existing management mode with a new type intelligent, self-organizational and all-service EPC mode can greatly reduce the interference and impediment of human factors.
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Hodges, Lynette, und Andrew Martin. „Non-Placement WIL: The Case of an Exercise Prescription Clinic“. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 17, Nr. 4 (01.10.2020): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.17.4.10.
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Universities globally have continued to strategically increase work-integrated learning (WIL) opportunities for students to enhance graduate employability. However, meeting the needs of the increasing number of placements in industry settings places challenges on employers and academic programme coordinators. This paper examines an innovative teaching and learning initiative demonstrating non-placement WIL practice on-campus and online through an exercise prescription clinic (EPC). The benefits provided by these opportunities have not only been for student learning, but for clients, in particular those impacted by neurological and/or muscular skeletal problems. The development of the on-campus EPC has focused on key elements of good practice in WIL highlighted by Agnew, Pill and Orrell (2017). The recent Covid-19 pandemic and the related government restrictions have resulted in the on-campus EPC being flipped online, requiring adaptability and flexibility of both students and clients. This paper reinforces the importance of developing WIL experiences that enhance the learning outcomes for both the student and the client. It also highlights the transferability of authentic industry non-placement WIL clinical experiences for future health professionals to both on-campus and online settings, which enable students the opportunity to engage with a range of clients in a safe environment, enhancing both personal and professional learning outcomes.
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TSUNG, FUGEE. „A NOTE ON STATISTICAL MONITORING OF ENGINEERING CONTROLLED PROCESSES“. International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 08, Nr. 01 (März 2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539301000323.
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The importance of Statistical Process Control (SPC), also called Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM) techniques, for quality improvement is well-recognized in industry. With advances in sensing and data collection technology, large volumes of data are being routinely collected under Engineering Process Control (EPC) or Automatic Process Control (APC). There is a great need for SPC for variation reduction and quality improvement in these environments. This research studies the statistical properties of monitoring the process output and the control action of EPC controlled processes. Several statistical monitoring strategies are introduced and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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SHEN, Wenxin, Wenzhe TANG, Wenyang YU, Colin F. DUFFIELD, Felix Kin Peng HUI, Yongping WEI und Jun FANG. „Causes of contractors’ claims in international engineering-procurement-construction projects“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, Nr. 6 (22.06.2017): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1281839.
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Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) method has increasingly been applied in international markets. In this research, the causes of contractors’ claims in international EPC projects are modeled and empirically tested with industry survey, structural equation modeling and case studies from the perspective of Chinese contractors. The established model outlines the causes of contractors’ claims as: external risk (sociopolitical risks, economic risks, and natural hazards), clients’ organizational behavior (untimely payment, change orders, and inefficient processing), and project definition in contract (unclear scope of works, and unclear technical specification). The structural equation modelling validates that these causes have direct influences on claim respectively. Besides, clients’ organizational behavior acts as a partial mediation between external risk and claim, demonstrating that external risk can also exert influence on claim through affecting clients’ organizational behavior. Seven case studies further confirmed and interpreted the substantive meaning of these relationships. This study establishes interdisciplinary linkages among knowledge areas of contracting, risk management, organizational behavior, and international EPC project delivery, which has important primary contributions in both theory and practice. Understanding how the fundamental factors interactively lead to claims can help contracting parties to develop effective claim strategies, proactively mitigate project risks, and ultimately improve EPC project performance.
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Bottani, Eleonora. „Reengineering, Simulation and Data Analysis of an RFID System“. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 3, Nr. 1 (01.04.2008): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer3010004.
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We present a discrete event simulation model reproducing the adoption of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for the optimal management of common logistics processes of a Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) warehouse. In this study, simulation is exploited as a powerful tool to replicate both the reengineered RFID logistics processes and the flows of Electronic Product Code (EPC) data generated by such processes. Moreover, a complex tool has been developed to analyze data resulting from the simulation runs, thus addressing the issue of how the flows of EPC data generated by RFID technology can be exploited to provide value-added information for optimally managing the logistics processes. Specifically, an EPCIS compliant Data Warehouse has been designed to act as EPCIS Repository and store EPC data resulting from simulation. Starting from EPC data, properly designed tools, referred to as Business Intelligence Modules, provide value-added information for processes optimization. Due to the newness of RFID adoption in the logistics context and to the lack of real case examples that can be examined, we believe that both the model and the data management system developed can be very useful to understand the practical implications of the technology and related information flow, as well as to show how to leverage EPC data for process management. Results of the study can provide a proof-of-concept to substantiate the adoption of RFID technology in the FMCG industry.
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Han, Xiaokang, Wenzhou Yan und Mei Lu. „Research on the coordination mechanism of major industrial project engineering and construction multi-agents based on structural holes theory“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 8 (11.08.2021): e0255858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255858.
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Industry is an important pillar of the national economy. Industrial projects are the most complex and difficult projects to control in the construction industry, and major industrial projects are even more complex and difficult to control. Multi-agent coordination is one of the core issues of industrial projects. Based on an analysis of the engineering and construction chains and agent relationships and agent networks of industrial projects, a complex network of the engineering and construction agents of industrial projects is established, and the complex network structural holes theory is applied to study the nonrepeated relationships among agents in industrial projects. Assuming agents are linked through contract relations and the most critical contract index between the agents in the contract amount, through structural hole analysis considering the EPC and PMC model, the aggregate constraint list is obtained, 2D network diagram and 3D network diagram are shown. According to the aggregate constraint value, the EPC contractor with the minimum aggregate constraint value and the project management company with the minimum aggregate constraint value are the critical agent in EPC and PMC model. By analyzing the complex network comprising different models of industrial projects, it is concluded that the characteristics of the agent maintain an advantage in competition, the coordination mechanism of the integration of agent interests, and multi-agent relations are considered to solve the multi-agent coordination problem in major industrial projects.
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Lee, Jae-Yul. „The Effects of EPC Firms on Employment and Policy of Engineering Industry“. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 24, Nr. 2 (28.02.2023): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2023.24.2.59.
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Yi, Daekyoung, Eul-Bum Lee und Junyong Ahn. „Onshore Oil and Gas Design Schedule Management Process Through Time-Impact Simulations Analyses“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 6 (17.03.2019): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061613.
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Korean oil and gas contractors have recently incurred significant losses due to improper engineering performance on EPC (engineering procurement and construction) projects in overseas markets. Several previous studies have verified the significant impact engineering has on EPC construction cost and project lifecycle. However, no literature has studied the time impact engineering has on EPC projects, representing a gap in the existing body of knowledge. To fill this gap, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed with the Pertmaster, Primavera risk analysis software for three sample onshore oil and gas projects. From said simulation of all major EPC critical activities, the authors found that the engineering phase is up to 10 times as impactful as the procurement and construction phases on the overall schedule duration. In assessing the engineering activities, the authors found the piping design activities to have the greatest impact on the overall schedule performance. Using these findings, the authors present a design schedule management process which minimizes the delays of project completion in EPC projects. Said process includes the following six steps: (1) Milestone management, (2) drawing status management, (3) productivity management of engineering, (4) interface management, (5) management of major vendor documents, and (6) work front management. The findings of this paper add to the body of knowledge by confirming the design phase to be the most impactful on the overall project schedule success. Furthermore, the presented design schedule management will aid industry with successfully executing the design phase in a timely manner, including examples from case study projects for a greater understanding.
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Wamba, Samuel Fosso, und Harold Boeck. „Enhancing Information Flow in a Retail Supply Chain Using RFID and the EPC Network: A Proof-of-Concept Approach“. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 3, Nr. 1 (01.04.2008): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer3010010.
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RFID technology and the Electronic Product Code (EPC) network have attracted considerable interest from businesses and academics in recent years. The interest is even stronger in the retail industry where firms such as Best Buy, Wal-Mart, Tesco, Target and Metro AG are capitalizing on the potential of these technologies. Based on a field study conducted in a three-layer retail supply chain, this paper tests several scenarios integrating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and the EPC network and evaluates, in a laboratory setting, their potential as enablers of information flow within a retail supply chain. Using an “openloop” adoption strategy, our preliminary results indicate that RFID technology and the EPC network (i) hold some potential that can be grasped through Business Process Management (BPM), (ii) enable the synchronization of information flow with product flow in a given supply chain, and thus, (iii) provide a better level of information integration between supply chain members. The results suggest that these “new waves” of information technology (IT) could in fact provide end-to-end information flow between supply chain members.
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陈, 树仁. „Procurement Strategy Analysis Based on EPC Project Cost in Oil & Gas Industry“. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology 42, Nr. 02 (2020): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jogt.2020.422036.
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Wahyono, Edy, und Irfan Zuchrufudin. „Competitive Advantage Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) dalam menentukan Corporate Strategy Industri Semen Study pada PT. X di Indonesia“. Arthavidya Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi 22, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37303/a.v22i2.169.
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Abstract: Competition in the cement industry in Indonesia is increasinglycompetitive with the entry of foreign cement companies, especially fromChina. To be able to compete with CEOs of companies in the cementindustry, innovations include evaluation of the EPC industry for CementManufacturing and sector holding strategies in expanding profits fromproduct differentiation. PT. Conducting competitive advantage evaluation tosupport target profit from business differentiation strategy using SWOTanalysis and pairwise comparison between evaluation factors to get priorityamong them using eigenvalue calculation to determine competitive strategy.Keywords: Innovation, Evaluation, Competitive advantage.
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Zheng, Yu, Llewellyn C. M. Tang und K. W. Chau. „Analysis of Improvement of BIM-Based Digitalization in Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) Projects in China“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 24 (14.12.2021): 11895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411895.
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Digitalization is considered a dynamic change process powered by the rapid development of innovative concepts (e.g., building information modeling) that brings substantial potential benefits to the construction industry. However, previous studies of the benefits of digitalization (BIM) were mainly based on laboratory data rather than actual practices, which compromised the reliability of the results for construction practitioners. This study investigated the impact of digitalization in EPC construction projects by integrating descriptive statistics and survey-based exploratory factor analysis (SEFA). After a detailed review of related studies and meetings with experts, ten main variables and 14 unified variables were identified. The data on these variables were collected by questionnaire surveys and the extraction of information from project documentation. A total of 62 participants from 33 EPC construction projects responded to the questionnaire survey. The SEFA results indicated that digitalization can improve both the cost and time performance, with greater potential for improvement in time performance for EPC projects. In a scenario with limited digitalization implementation, this research could motivate future researchers to develop more applied research and guidelines to achieve best practices in the domain of the digitalization of construction projects.
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Liang, Cao, Feng Jingchun und Ren Yuan. „Risk Evaluation of EPC Supply Chain Based on SCOR and Multi-Level Grey Model“. International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 11, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2018040104.
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With the development of China's economy, large-scale engineering and complex engineering are emerging. The Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) project general contracting model is widely used in civil engineering, water conservancy, railway, water treatment, waste incineration plants and other large engineering area. The increasing complexity of construction technology and the risks are facing overwhelming and fragile supply chain. Based on the deep analysis of supply chain operation reference (SCOR) model, which is widely used in various fields of industry, this article puts forward the preliminary index system of supply chain risk of EPC project by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The risk index system of waste incineration project including 5 first-level risk indicators and 27 second-level risk indicators has been established and determined. The multi-level grey model is used to evaluate the risk index, calculate the grey evaluation coefficient and the grey evaluation weight vector as well as the weight matrix, draw the specific risk evaluation value of the project, and sort the first level index. Finally, an EPC example of a waste incineration in Hubei Province is used to verify the feasibility and reliability of the method.
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Nykytchenko, Nataliia, und Vladyslav Ostrynskiy. „Problems of the law choice and its limitations while EPC-contracts concluding“. Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, Nr. 2 (10.08.2020): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.38.
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Due to the rapid development of social relations in Ukraine, national legislation can`t keep up to regulate them properly, whichforce businesses to use the rules of foreign jurisdictions or the pro-forms of international specialized organizations to carry out the cont -ractual transactions more frequently. The article provides examples of how the complex contractual relations are governed in practiceand how the businesses are forced to protect its interests while entering into EPC-contracts.The authors have researched the emergence of the contract templates, which were created by International Federation of ConsultingEngineers (FIDIC) and the way to use such templates according to Ukrainian law. Also, the article analyzes application of certainprovisions of the economic and civil legislation, which are reflected in EPC-contracts. Individual cases that were considered by theInternational Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine were analyzed as well.There is substantiated the opinion that regarding to provision of the contractual limitation of obligations for the actual losses feesand damages caused to economic entities as well as the possibility to freely use the international organizations pro-form in case whenits provisions do not contradict the imperative norms of the Ukrainian legislation and the principles of economic management inUkraine. Also, article analyzes how the choice of law can be made while concluding an EPC contract. The authors presented their theseson how the provisions of the EPC contract should be harmonized with the norms of national legislation.The authors support theory of Dépeçage to introduce a number of protective provisions, which include the existence of mandatoryrules in the legal system of a state, which would make it impossible to circumvent the law, and contain reservations about public order.This research shows that there is an opportunity to gain many advantages by the application of the theory of Dépeçage in EPC-cont racts.
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Kim, Myung-Hun, Eul-Bum Lee und Han-Suk Choi. „Detail Engineering Completion Rating Index System (DECRIS) for Optimal Initiation of Construction Works to Improve Contractors’ Schedule-Cost Performance for Offshore Oil and Gas EPC Projects“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 7 (14.07.2018): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072469.
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Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contractors with lump-sum turnkey contracts have recently been suffering massive profit losses due to re-works and schedule delays in offshore oil and gas EPC megaprojects. The main objective of this research is to develop and implement a detail engineering completion rating index system (DECRIS) to assist EPC contractors to optimize fabrication and construction works schedules while minimizing potential re-work/re-order. This is achieved through adequate detail design development and results in minimizing schedule delays and potential liquidated damages (i.e., delay penalties). The developed DECRIS was based on findings from an extensive review of existing literature, industry-led studies, expert surveys, and expert workshops. The DECRIS model is an evolution, and improvement of existing tools such as the project definition raking index (PDRI) and front-end loading (FEL) developed specifically for the early stage of engineering maturity assessment (i.e., planning, basic design, and front-end engineering design (FEED)), prior to EPC projects. The DECRIS was evaluated and validated with thirteen sample as-built offshore megaprojects completed recently. When the DECRIS was applied to the completed projects post-hoc, a correlation (R-squared 0.71) was found between DECRIS scores and schedule/cost performances. This is much superior to the PDRI-Industrial model’s correlation (R-squared 0.04), which was primarily devised for owners’ basic engineering or FEED completion assessment. Finally, as a means of further validation, project schedule and cost performance of an ongoing project was predicted based on the correlations found on the thirteen completed projects. The resultant predicted schedule and cost performance was well matched with the current project performance status. Based on the accuracy of the DECRIS model found in the validation, said model is an effective prospective tool for EPC contractors to manage their engineering and procurement/construction risks during the initial detail design stages.
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HUDDAR, VIKRANT, und Nitin Joshi. „STUDY OF ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL INDICATORS ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT APPROACH OF OIL AND GAS EPC COMPANIES“. International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research 1, Nr. 4 (30.12.2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55829/ijmpr.v1i4.93.
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Oil and Gas industry is a vital sector of the global economy. There are materials and energetic flow in the consumer economy, and they are both caused and determined by industrial applications. The industrial sector is universally acknowledged as essential to growth and economic generation, despite its negative connotations associated with ecological damage and depletion of resources. Included in the criteria are environmental effects, financial, and standards of ethics for Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) firms, which span the three pillars of sustainability (environment, economical, and socially). Only a few of Indian companies - including L&T, Reliance, Petrofac, Mc-Dermott, Saipem, Foster Wheeler, Aker Solutions, Punj Lloyd, operate in the Oil Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) industry. The methodology may be used by any sector, although more detailed indicators will need to be established on an individual basis. The architecture may be implemented into the system gradually using a modular strategy. By using the right criteria, the model also connects the dots between the micro and macro levels of sustainable development. So, it's a tool that businesses can use to evaluate how well they're doing in terms of the principles of sustainable development.
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Xia, Manman, Lemeng Zhao und Li Zhao. „A Comprehensive Risk-Assessment Method for Prefabricated Buildings Using EPC: A Case Study from China“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 3 (08.02.2022): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031910.
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The prefabricated building has been proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the sustainability of the construction industry. In recent years, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of policy documents to promote the advancement of prefabricated buildings. However, in practice, there are still numerous problems related to design, production, and construction, as well as the coordination between various stages. This study aimed to fill the gap in research regarding the application of EPC (Engineering–Procurement–Construction) in prefabricated buildings in China. As most of the risks of projects are borne by general contractors in the EPC mode, the risks faced by prefabricated building projects using EPC were systematically analyzed in this study from the perspective of general contractors. After learning about the risks of assembly construction in different countries, this study conducted a questionnaire survey to establish an evaluation system, and a comprehensive evaluation method was put forward to determine the weight of each indicator. Furthermore, an evaluation model based on grey–fuzzy theory was developed in this study, which was applied to a real project in Nanjing, China. The results indicated the applicability of the established evaluation system and model and determined the risk level of the project. Additionally, in this case study, it was found that construction and design were the major factors determining the risk level of the project. This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the integration of EPC in prefabricated buildings, which has practical application value for general contractors when conducting risk assessments.
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Lu, Zhi Jian, Yuan Xin Sun und Ru Liang Yang. „Optimization of Energy Performance Contract Production Decision-Making“. Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (Dezember 2013): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.366.
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EPC have an important role in promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in China. With the rapid development of the energy services industry, ESCOs faced with the problem how to make investment decisions about pricing and performance levels. This paper reference one monopoly pricing and performance level joint decision model into a single market, put forward the EPC price and performance level joint optimal decision model, and then solves it to obtain the optimal price and the best performance level. Lastly we take a numerical example to analyze Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) how to choose the performance level to obtain maximal profit. Result show that price sensitivity and performance level sensitivity of demand have an impact on the performance level choosing ; the highest rate of return on investment and maximum profit could be obtain at a lower performance level.
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Lee, Dong Hyeon, Ok-kyung Lim, Wooseok Ok und Sang Hwa Song. „A study on the factors for the market selection criteria in the global power plant EPC industry“. Korean Journal of EU Studies 22, Nr. 2 (31.12.2017): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38158/kjeus.22.2.5.
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Yang, Xin Yuan, und Jing Hai Zhou. „A Study on the Sharing Mechanism of the Building Energy-Saving Efficiency of the EPC Project in China“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (Juli 2011): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.321.
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With the development of building energy-saving in China, energy performance contracting, a new energy management system is introduced. Through the analysis of current situation and trends based on domestic and international energy service industry, and also through the research of benefits sharing model between the Energy Service Company and its customers, the author establishes an energy efficiency sharing model, which contributes to the Energy Service Company to avoid operational risks, ensure its operating income, and finally promote the scientific development of energy industry. The advanced EPC model is of great importance in promoting the work of building energy in our country.
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Ding, Jiyong, Chen Chen, Xiaowei An, Na Wang, Wujuan Zhai und Chenhao Jin. „Study on Added-Value Sharing Ratio of Large EPC Hydropower Project Based on Target Cost Contract: A Perspective from China“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 10 (20.09.2018): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103362.
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Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) has been applied in China’s hydropower projects for its value-added advantages compared with traditional project delivery systems in theory. However, the actual performance of large EPC hydropower projects has been challenged by the complexity of the stakeholders’ interest demands and conflicts. The increasing use of target cost contracts (TCC) in the construction industry has provided a pain/gain share mechanism for the owners to incentivize contractors to complete projects within cost budgets. The added-value sharing ratio is the core element of TCC, and it predetermines how much proportion of savings the contractor can get paid if the actual cost is below the target cost, and how much proportion of overspend the contractor has to pay if the actual cost is higher than the target cost. In this paper, we consider the added-value sharing ratio under the framework of TCC based on the principal-agent theory, and look at how the added-value sharing ratio is influenced by various factors and how it affects the owner and the contractor in large EPC hydropower projects. Determination of the added-value sharing ratio in both discrete and continuous conditions are discussed, respectively. It is found that the added-value sharing ratio is relatively explicit in the discrete case, while the optimal added-value sharing model in the continuous case is more complex, which can be used to analyze the relationship between the added-value sharing ratio and the key influencing factors. Our research conclusions can provide both theoretical guidance and practical suggestions to contract design in the implementation of EPC hydropower projects, to some extent.
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Essawy, Ehab, Mohamed S. Abdelfattah, Mansour El-Matbouli und Mona Saleh. „Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Natural Phenolic Compounds against Drug-Resistant Fish Pathogens and Their Cytotoxicity: An In Vitro Study“. Marine Drugs 19, Nr. 1 (08.01.2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010022.
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Fish pathogens causing disease outbreaks represent a major threat to aquaculture industry and food security. The aim of the presented study is to develop safe and effective bioactive agents against two bacterial isolates: Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. We employed a broth microdilution method to investigate the antibacterial effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); rutin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Ruta graveneoles; and heliomycin, a secondary metabolite produced by marine actinomycetes AB5, as monotherapeutic agents. Moreover, AgNPs in combination with rutin (AgNP + R) and heliomycin (AgNPs + H) were examined for their synergistic effect. The cytotoxic effect of individual bioactive compounds and in combination with AgNPs was investigated on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) fish cell lines. Individual treatment of AgNPs, rutin, and heliomycin exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens. Rutin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed the lowest cytotoxicity when tested on EPC cell lines, while heliomycin MIC was highly cytotoxic. Combined subtherapeutic doses of AgNPs + R and AgNPs + H displayed additive and synergistic effects against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens, respectively, with improved results and relative safety profile. The study findings demonstrate that a combination of AgNPs and natural bioactive compounds may represent novel therapeutics fighting fish pathogens potentially affecting the fish farming industry.
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Kabirifar, Kamyar, und Mohammad Mojtahedi. „The impact of Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Phases on Project Performance: A Case of Large-scale Residential Construction Project“. Buildings 9, Nr. 1 (08.01.2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9010015.
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The Construction Industry is a complex and fragmented industry worldwide with regards to its supply chain, products, and processes, and is faced with a similar dilemma as faced by manufacturers during its time in past decades. Scope, time, and cost are the triple constraints of project management and leading factors in defining the project performance. Productivity and efficiency of each construction project is measured through its triple constraints, therefore the factors that affect project success are significantly important. Despite the importance of understanding project performance indicators, few empirical studies have been conducted over the last decade in terms of analyzing the factors that determine the performance of high-rise buildings in Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) projects. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze and rank EPC critical activities across large-scale residential construction projects in Iran, by using the TOPSIS method as a multi-attribute group decision-making technique. Results indicate that engineering design, project planning and controls are significant factors contributing to the project performance. In addition, engineering has a pivotal role in project performance and this significance is followed by the construction phase. On the contrary, all believe procurement is more important than Construction phase.
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Essawy, Ehab, Mohamed S. Abdelfattah, Mansour El-Matbouli und Mona Saleh. „Synergistic Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Natural Phenolic Compounds against Drug-Resistant Fish Pathogens and Their Cytotoxicity: An In Vitro Study“. Marine Drugs 19, Nr. 1 (08.01.2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010022.
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Fish pathogens causing disease outbreaks represent a major threat to aquaculture industry and food security. The aim of the presented study is to develop safe and effective bioactive agents against two bacterial isolates: Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. We employed a broth microdilution method to investigate the antibacterial effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); rutin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Ruta graveneoles; and heliomycin, a secondary metabolite produced by marine actinomycetes AB5, as monotherapeutic agents. Moreover, AgNPs in combination with rutin (AgNP + R) and heliomycin (AgNPs + H) were examined for their synergistic effect. The cytotoxic effect of individual bioactive compounds and in combination with AgNPs was investigated on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) fish cell lines. Individual treatment of AgNPs, rutin, and heliomycin exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens. Rutin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed the lowest cytotoxicity when tested on EPC cell lines, while heliomycin MIC was highly cytotoxic. Combined subtherapeutic doses of AgNPs + R and AgNPs + H displayed additive and synergistic effects against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens, respectively, with improved results and relative safety profile. The study findings demonstrate that a combination of AgNPs and natural bioactive compounds may represent novel therapeutics fighting fish pathogens potentially affecting the fish farming industry.
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Yang, Yujing, Wenzhe Tang, Wenxin Shen und Tengfei Wang. „Enhancing Risk Management by Partnering in International EPC Projects: Perspective from Evolutionary Game in Chinese Construction Companies“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 19 (27.09.2019): 5332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195332.
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Research on risk management in Engineering–Procurement–Construction (EPC) projects has received increasing attention. It is essential to integrate the resources of all participants into the risk management process optimally from the perspective of evolutionary games. The conceptual risk management model in the delivery of international EPC projects is developed in the study. Based on the data from an industry survey, the model has been validated. The path analysis shows that partnering not only directly contributes to interface management and risk management, thereby improving project outcomes, but also has a positive impact on risk management through enhanced interface management. The case study illustrates how partnering has a close linkage with interface management and risk management to achieve superior project performance, confirming the analysis of evolutionary game. The results suggest that contractors’ success in applying partnership can play an exemplary role for other contractors, and governments can create a favorable environment to stimulate participants using win–win philosophy for better infrastructure development.
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Han, Min, und Fang Lv. „Establishing Financial Trading Market System of Energy Performance Contracting in China Based on Investment and Financing Platform“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (Juli 2011): 2429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2429.
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China has begun to develop Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) since 1990s. However, its development has faced financial difficulties around nation. Therefore, the financial trading market system of Energy Performance Contracting, an overall innovative trading market system based on investment and financing trading platform, is in urgent need to establish in China. Its primary, secondary and futures market will provide innovative channels to investment and finance in energy service industry and derive an independent carbon trading market in the future.
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Varavenko, Victor Evgenyevich, Natal'ya Aleksandrovna Lyapustina und Denis Vital'evich Kovalev. „Means of mitigating the risks assigned to the contractor in the EPC contract: the experience of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers and Russian civil legislation“. Право и политика, Nr. 4 (April 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2022.4.37863.
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The subject of the study is the legal conditions of mitigation (mitigation) of project risks, the bearing of which is assigned to the contractor by the terms of the EPC contract. One of the key features of the EPC contract, an agreement concluded for the implementation of an investment and construction project on a turnkey basis, is the maximum assignment to the contractor of risks associated with the failure to achieve the goals of the project. It is believed that the EPC contractor, as a professional and highly qualified representative of the construction industry, is able to manage project risks more effectively than the customer. The assignment of risk by the terms of the contract proforma to one of the parties implies the need to use organizational, economic and legal means to mitigate (mitigate) the burden of risk. This work is aimed at identifying civil legal means used by the contractor to mitigate the harmful effects of events and actions, the risk of which is assigned to him by the terms of the EPC contract and establishing the possibility of using these means in the conditions of the Russian legal system. Its achievement involves a comparative analysis of the model EPC contract - a model contract of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers for turnkey projects (FIDIC Silver Book 2017) and the norms of Russian civil legislation. В В В В В The results of the study indicate that it is possible in principle to apply the conditions of the 2017 FIDIC Silver Book, which establish means of mitigating the contractor's burden of bearing risks, in the conditions of Russian legislation, taking into account the following exceptions: (1) a security payment cannot be used as a means of mitigating the consequences of non-fulfillment by the contractor of a natural obligation; (2) compensation for property losses cannot be applied in the event of an unlawful claim by the customer for a guarantee of performance of contractual obligations provided by the contractor. The interrelated application of several civil legal means is aimed, ultimately, their application contributes to the achievement of the project goals, which is in the sphere of interests of both parties to the contract.
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Papadmitrieva, L. V. „The corporate regulations importance for successful implementation of EPC-projects in oil and gas industry“. Problems of Economics and Management of Oil and Gas Complex, Nr. 5 (2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/1999-6942-2020-5(185)-53-62.
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Gao, Jingxin, Hong Ren und Weiguang Cai. „Risk assessment of construction projects in China under traditional and industrial production modes“. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, Nr. 9 (21.10.2019): 2147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2019-0029.
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Purpose High risk is one of the most prominent characteristics of the Chinese construction industry, and it poses a significant threat to construction projects. Owing to initiatives aimed at achieving high efficiency, low carbon emissions, etc., industrialization of the construction industry has become an inevitable trend in China. However, it remains to be discussed whether industrialization of construction can reduce the risks entailed in construction projects compared with traditional construction. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Based on the theory of risk life cycle, this paper proposes a practical risk assessment technique to assess the risk life cycle, including the risk occurrence time and potential financial losses. This technique is then applied to assess the differences between the risks involved in an engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) project executed via traditional and industrial production modes. Findings The results show that the total duration of risks in the industrial construction project is half of that in the traditional project. In addition, the expected financial loss entailed in the industrial construction project is 29 percent lower than that in the traditional construction project. Therefore, industrial construction has the potential to optimize risk performance. Originality/value There is no significant difference between the traditional and industrial construction models in terms of probability of risk. The maximum total loss might occur in the procurement stage in the case of industrial production, and in the construction stage in the case of traditional production. Moreover, the total expected loss from risk in the EPC project in the industrial production mode is only half of that in the traditional production route. This study is expected to provide a new risk evaluation technique and promote an understanding of the life cycle of risk management in the construction industry.
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Zhang, Xiaoling, Zezhou Wu, Yong Feng und Pengpeng Xu. „“Turning green into gold”: a framework for energy performance contracting (EPC) in China's real estate industry“. Journal of Cleaner Production 109 (Dezember 2015): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.037.
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