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Kim, Hesook Suzie, Björn Sjöström, and Donna Schwartz-Barcott. "Pain Assessment in the Perspective of Action Science." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 20, no. 3 (2006): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.20.3.215.
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Pain assessment is examined in the perspective of action science with the aim to discover espoused theories and theories-in-use for pain assessment. In action science there are 2 sets of theories of action: espouse theories and theories-in-use, which often exist in practice inconsistently with each other resulting in haphazard actions. Espoused theories of pain and pain assessment and a set of theories-in-use were revealed. Alignments between the espoused theories and the theories-in-use, and disparities between these theories were found in the pain assessment situations. The findings point to possible explanations regarding problems in pain assessment, and provide insights into our understanding of nursing practice especially in relation to pain assessment.
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O'HARE, MARIANNE M. "Career Decision-Making Models: Espoused Theory Versus Theory-in-Use." Journal of Counseling & Development 65, no. 6 (1987): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb01290.x.
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Kabanoff, Boris, and Joseph Daly. "Espoused Values of Organisations." Australian Journal of Management 27, no. 1_suppl (2002): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/031289620202701s10.
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We review a series of studies whose focus is the measurement and comparison of values espoused by organisations in their public documents, in particular their annual reports. We begin by considering the construct of organizational values and the advantages and assumptions involved in using content-analysis of organizational documents to measure espoused values. Three interrelated studies of espoused organisational values are then described. The first of these investigates the value profiles of a sample of large Australian companies in order to test the validity of a previously developed typology of organisational values derived from distributive and procedural justice theory (Kabanoff, 1991). Changes in organisational values over time for the same group of companies are then considered. This study illustrates that how one studies value change, either in a univariate way by comparing single values over time or by comparing the incidence of different organisational ‘types’, that is organisational with different types of value profiles, significantly influences the results and interpretations of changes over time. The final study is a cross-national comparison involving Australian and US organisations that reveals several meaningful differences between the countries in the incidence of organisations with different value profiles. We conclude with a brief discussion of future planned research using the same methodology and focusing on the role of espoused values in organisational mergers and acquisitions.
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STAFSUDD, ANNA M. "RECRUITMENT POLICY VS. RECRUITMENT PROCESS: ESPOUSED THEORY AND THEORY-IN-USE." Academy of Management Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): G1—G6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2003.13792975.
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Jones, Anna. "Generic attributes as espoused theory: the importance of context." Higher Education 58, no. 2 (2008): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-008-9189-2.
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Savaya, R., and F. Gardner. "Critical Reflection to Identify Gaps between Espoused Theory and Theory-in-Use." Social Work 57, no. 2 (2012): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/sws037.
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Downey, Jerrold L. "Ratings of Perceptions Related to Phenomenological Theory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 1 (1998): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.277.
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94 participants were asked to give their opinions about people on four issues relevant to the personality approach posited by phenomenological theorists. Participants generally appeared to express a more negative view of others' characteristics such as “goodness” than the position espoused by the theorists.
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Bajde, Domen, and Ahir Gopaldas. "What makes a good paper? Analytic and Continental ideals in consumer culture theory." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 22, no. 3 (2019): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-07-2017-0112.
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Purpose This paper aims to illuminate the characteristics of Analytic and Continental scholarship to generate a deeper appreciation for both writing styles in the consumer culture theory (CCT) community. Design/methodology/approach Two CCT researchers discuss the merits of Analytic and Continental scholarship in an accessible dialogical format. Findings Analytic ideals of scholarship, espoused by elite academic journals, include conceptual rigor, logical claims, theoretical coherence, researcher agnosticism and broad generalizability. Continental ideals of scholarship, more likely to be espoused by niche and/or critical journals, include creative writing, holistic interpretation, intellectual imagination, political provocation and deep contextualization. Originality/value This dialogue may build more understanding across variously oriented scholars, literatures, and journals in the CCT community.
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Subramanian, S. "Stewardship Theory of Corporate Governance and Value System: The Case of a Family-owned Business Group in India." Indian Journal of Corporate Governance 11, no. 1 (2018): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974686218776026.
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Stewardship theory of corporate governance is a normative alternative to agency theory. This article argues that the stewardship behaviour of managers results in exemplary corporate governance practices when the espoused values of the firm are aligned with the enacted values. The case study method is used to prove this argument by studying corporate governance practices in a family-owned business group in India. The Murugappa Group is a 100-year-old family-owned business group, known for their ethical practices and currently managed by the fourth-generation family members, without undergoing any split. The espoused as well enacted values of the group are studied and corporate governance practices of the group firms analysed in this article. The article focuses on the governance structure of the group, its succession planning practices and the ownership structure. The analysis indicates that aligning the enacted values with the espoused value helped the group to adapt itself to the changing external economic environment and continue creating shareholder value, the essence of corporate governance.
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Thomas, Linus J. "Neoclassical Development Theory and the Prebisch Doctrine: A Synthesis." American Economist 38, no. 1 (1994): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459403800110.
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For his search for an alternative development strategy for less developed countries, the late Argentinean economist Raul Prebisch is widely touted as a revolutionary scholar. This paper demonstrates that Prebisch's views differed little from those of typical neoclassical writers. The paper concludes that, although Prebisch opposed certain canonistic views, no fundamental political differences exist between the two espoused paradigms. Prebisch was no revolutionary but a system reformer at most.
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Li, Natalia, Doris Y. P. Leung, and David Kember. "Medium of instruction in Hong Kong universities: the mis-match between espoused theory and theory in use." Higher Education Policy 14, no. 4 (2001): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-8733(01)00021-6.
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Grohnert, Therese, Roger H. G. Meuwissen, and Wim H. Gijselaers. "Valuing errors for learning: espouse or enact?" Journal of Workplace Learning 29, no. 5 (2017): 394–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-11-2016-0102.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate how organisations can discourage covering up and instead encourage learning from errors through a supportive learning from error climate. In explaining professionals’ learning from error behaviour, this study distinguishes between espoused (verbally expressed) and enacted (behaviourally expressed) values with respect to learning from errors. Design/methodology/approach As part of mandatory training sessions, 150 early-career auditors completed an online questionnaire measuring error orientation and help-seeking behavior after making an error as attitude- and behavior-based measures, next to measuring perceived organizational learning from error climate. Multiple mediation analysis is used to explore direct and indirect effects. Findings Covering up errors was negatively and learning from errors positively related to an organisation’s learning from error climate. For covering up, this relationship is an indirect one – espoused and enacted values need to match. For learning from errors, this relationship is direct: espoused values positively relate to learning behaviour after errors. Practical implications By designing a supportive learning from error climate in which members at all hierarchical levels role-model learning from errors behaviour, organisations can actively discourage covering up and encourage learning from errors. Originality/value This study applies the theory of espoused versus enacted values to learning from error using a triangulation of measures in an understudied research setting: auditing.
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Palmer, Bryan D. "Critical Theory, Historical Materialism, and the Ostensible End of Marxism: The Poverty of Theory Revisited." International Review of Social History 38, no. 2 (1993): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000111927.
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SummaryThis essay notes the extent to which poststructuralism/postmodernism have generally espoused hostility to historical materialism, surveys some representative examples of historical writing that have gravitated toward the new critical theory in opposition to Marxism, and closes with a discussion of the ironic evolution of a poststructurally inclined, anti-Marxist historiography. Counter to the prevailing ideological consensus that Marxism has been brought to its interpretive knees by a series of analytic challenges and the political collapse of the world's ostensibly “socialist” states, this essay argues that historical materialism has lost neither its power to interpret the past nor its relevance to the contemporary intellectual terrain.
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Octaviani, Emillia Vinna. "Pola Komunikasi Suku Samin di Kabupaten Blora terkait Ajaran yang Dianutnya." Jurnal The Messenger 7, no. 2 (2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v7i2.294.
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<p><em>The aim of this study determines the communication pattern samin tribal culture to the community in Blora related teachings espoused, and know the pattern of tribal cultural communication to the outside community cumin cumin in Blora related teachings espoused. The theoretical basis of communication used the symbolic interactionism. This theory explains humans interact and exchange of meaning, create, send, receive symbol agreed. The method used is the in-depth interviews and observation. Researchers chose purposive sampling as a technique of sampling . The case study research in Samin Tribe and the village of Sambong Klopoduwur District of Banjarejo</em>.</p>
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Scarre, Chris. "Archaeological theory in France and Britain." Antiquity 73, no. 279 (1999): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00087962.
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British archaeologists have long been puzzled by the contrast between the way in which the theoretical underpinnings of the discipline are discussed and explored on the French side of the Channel. Theory might he considered one of the most significant issues in British archaeology over the last 30 years, since the work of David Clarke in the late 1960s. There has sprung up a healthy tradition of debate, of polemic and counter-polemic, inspired by a desire to understand the epistemological and methodological underpinnings of our subject. In France, by contrast, theory has been a much less prominent part of the archaeological scene. This is all the more surprising given that France is the homeland of some of the key figures who have been espoused by British post-processualists: Foucault, Derrida, Lacan, and Althusser to name hut a few. Why should this he?
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Opwis, Felicitas. "Maslaha in Contemporary Islamic Legal Theory." Islamic Law and Society 12, no. 2 (2005): 182–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568519054093699.
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AbstractThis article investigates the concept of maslaha in contemporary Islamic legal theory. After presenting models of maslaha developed by al-Ghazālī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Qarāfī, al-Tūfī, and al-Shātibī, I analyze writings on maslaha by leading jurists from the late 13th/19th century to the 1380s/1960s, namely al-Qāsimī, Rashīd Ridā, Mahmasānī, 'Allāl al-Fāsī, Khallāf, and al-Būtī. The findings show that the early reformers tended towards al-Tūfī's expansive understanding of the principle of maslaha in the law-finding process. Later jurisprudents, in contrast, either advocated a holistic approach similar to that of al-Shātibī or espoused a more restrictive use of maslaha like that of al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī. The way in which jurists employ the principle of maslaha is not random but rather is influenced by education, personal position, and historical environment.
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Casali, Gian Luca, and Gary E. Day. "Treating an unhealthy organisational culture: the implications of the Bundaberg Hospital Inquiry for managerial ethical decision making." Australian Health Review 34, no. 1 (2010): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09543.
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This paper explores the interplay between individual values, espoused organisational values and the values of the organisational culture in practice in light of a recent Royal Commission in Queensland, Australia, which highlighted systematic failures in patient care. The lack of congruence among values at these levels impacts upon the ethical decision making of health managers. The presence of institutional ethics regimes such as the Public Sector Ethics Act 1994 (Qld) and agency codes of conduct are not sufficient to counteract the negative influence of informal codes of practice that undermine espoused organisational values and community standards. The ethical decision-making capacity of health care managers remains at the front line in the battle against unethical and unprofessional practice. What is known about the topic?Value congruence theory focusses on the conflicts between individual and organisational values. Congruence between individual values, espoused values and values expressed in everyday practice can only be achieved by ensuring that such shared values are an ever-present factor in managerial decision making. What does this paper add?The importance of value congruence in building and sustaining a healthy organisational culture is confirmed by the evidence presented in the Bundaberg Hospital Inquiry. The presence of strong individual values among staff and strong espoused values in line with community expectations and backed up by legislation and ethics regimes were not, in themselves, sufficient to ensure a healthy organisational culture and prevent unethical, and possibly illegal, behaviour. What are the implications for practitioners?Managers must incorporate ethics in decision making to establish and maintain the nexus between individual and organisational values that is a vital component of a healthy organisational culture.
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Scholl, Brian J., and Daniel J. Simons. "Change blindness, Gibson, and the sensorimotor theory of vision." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (2001): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01570119.
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We suggest that the sensorimotor “theory” of vision is really an unstructured collection of separate ideas, and that much of the evidence cited in its favor at best supports only a subset of these ideas. As an example, we note that work on change blindness does not “vindicate” (or even speak to) much of the sensorimotor framework. Moreover, the ideas themselves are not always internally consistent. Finally, the proposed framework draws on ideas initially espoused by James Gibson, but does little to differentiate itself from those earlier views. For even part of this framework to become testable, it must specify which sources of evidence can support or contradict each of the component hypotheses.
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Uren, William J. "A principled Australian text." Australian Health Review 29, no. 3 (2005): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050369.
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In 1979, the American authors Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress published the first edition of Principles of biomedical ethics. They espoused the theory of what has come to be known as ?principlism? as a bridge between the deontological and ut i l i tarian approaches to bioethics. They identified four central values ? autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice ? as the fundamental moral principles in terms of which to address ethical dilemmas in biomedical theory and practice.
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Wolf, Gerhard. "Image, Object, Art." Representations 133, no. 1 (2016): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2016.133.1.152.
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Through “conversation” with a more than four thousand-year-old Chinese vessel, this essay engages with some of the fundamental principles of the discipline of art history espoused in recent decades. In particular, it situates Bildwissenschaft and thing theory and the material turn within ongoing debates on art and artifacts and delineates a more fluid approach to the study of image, object, art (Bild, Ding, Kunst).
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Gipps, Richard G. T. "Does the cognitive therapy of depression rest on a mistake?" BJPsych Bulletin 41, no. 5 (2017): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.052936.
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SummaryCognitive therapy for depression is common practice in today's National Health Service, yet it does not work well. Aaron Beck developed it after becoming disillusioned with the psychoanalytic theory and therapy he espoused and practised. But Beck's understanding of psychoanalysis appears to have been seriously flawed. Understood rightly, the psychoanalytic approach offers a cogent theory and therapy for depression which, unlike the cognitive approach, takes us to its emotional-motivational roots. A clinically successful therapy can afford to eschew theory and rest on its pragmatic laurels. This is not the case for cognitive therapy. The time is right to re-examine the psychoanalytic theory and treatment of depression.
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Onumo, Aristotle, Irfan Ullah-Awan, and Andrea Cullen. "Assessing the Moderating Effect of Security Technologies on Employees Compliance with Cybersecurity Control Procedures." ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 12, no. 2 (2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3424282.
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The increase in cybersecurity threats and the challenges for organisations to protect their information technology assets has made adherence to organisational security control processes and procedures a critical issue that needs to be adequately addressed. Drawing insight from organisational theory literature, we develop a multi-theory model, combining the elements of the theory of planned behaviour, competing value framework, and technology—organisational and environmental theory to examine how the organisational mechanisms interact with espoused cultural values and employee cognitive belief to influence cybersecurity control procedures. Using a structured questionnaire, we deployed structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse the survey data obtained from public sector information technology organisations in Nigeria to test the hypothesis on the relationship of socio-organisational mechanisms and techno-cultural factors with other key determinants of employee security behaviour. The results showed that knowledge of cybersecurity and employee cognitive belief significantly influence the employees’ intentions to comply with organisational cybersecurity control mechanisms. The research further noted that the influence of organisational elements such as leadership on employee security behaviour is mediated by espoused cultural values while the impact of employee cognitive belief is moderated by security technologies. For effective cybersecurity compliance, leaders and policymakers are therefore to promote organisational security initiatives that ensure incorporation of cybersecurity principles and practices into job descriptions, routines, and processes. This study contributes to behavioural security research by highlighting the critical role of leadership and cultural values in fostering organisational adherence to prescribed security control mechanisms.
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Maxwell, Alexander. "Primordialism for Scholars Who Ought to Know Better: Anthony D. Smith’s Critique of Modernization Theory." Nationalities Papers 48, no. 5 (2020): 826–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.93.
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AbstractA theory of nationalism should explain the evidence provided by the historical record, but also provide unexpected insight. The modernist theory of nationalism, espoused among others by Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm, provides a surprising chronology of nationalism’s modernity. The modernization theory of nationalism has attracted extensive criticism from Anthony Smith, who proposed instead a theory he called “ethnosymbolism.” This article considers Smith’s critique of Anderson and then his critique of Hobsbawm, finding that Smith’s objections to modernist theorists rest on mischaracterizations, fallacies, and contradictions. Smith’s approach caters to the primordialism rampant in public opinion, providing scholarly respectability to popular misconceptions. Scholars of nationalism should look instead to Rogers Brubaker for guidance.
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Bridgen, Sean. "Using Systems Theory to Understand the Identity of Academic Advising: A Case Study." NACADA Journal 37, no. 2 (2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/nacada-15-038.
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For decades, advising practitioners and scholars have worked toward developing an identity for advising as a unique field of scholarly inquiry and practice. To date, the identity crisis in advising remains. This study presents an examination and description of the function, purpose, and identity of a university advising system through comparisons of ideals espoused by advisors and administrators with practice. Based on systems theory as a framework, this study shows that the identity of academic advising can be misunderstood because of systemic issues. Addressing systemic flaws may help clarify the identity of academic advising within a specific system and possibly the field as a whole.
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Breunig, Mary. "Turning Experiential Education and Critical Pedagogy Theory into Praxis." Journal of Experiential Education 28, no. 2 (2005): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105382590502800205.
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The educational theories of experiential education and critical pedagogy intersect in a number of ways. One of the intended aims of both of these pedagogies is that the purpose of education should be to develop a more socially just world (Itin, 1999; Kincheloe, 2004). One of the key issues still facing experiential education theory and critical pedagogy is its implementation within the post-secondary classroom. There is a lack of congruence between the pedagogical theories that are espoused and the actual classroom practices that are employed. The purpose of this article is to explore some of the ways for experiential educators and critical pedagogues to begin engaging in a more purposeful classroom praxis that acts on the theoretical underpinnings of these pedagogies as one means to work toward their shared vision of a more socially just world.
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Singh, Shaminder, and Andrew Estefan. "Selecting a Grounded Theory Approach for Nursing Research." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 5 (January 2018): 233339361879957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393618799571.
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Grounded theory is a commonly used research methodology. There are three primary approaches to grounded theory in nursing research: those espoused by Glaser, Strauss and Corbin, and Charmaz. All three approaches use similar procedures, yet there are important differences among them, which implies that researchers need to make careful choices when using grounded theory. Researchers new to grounded theory need to find the most appropriate approach that fits their research field, topic, and researcher position. In this article, we compare the three grounded theory approaches. Choices of a grounded theory approach will depend on the researcher’s understanding of the philosophical underpinnings of all three approaches. Practical aspects of grounded theory approaches should match the information processing styles and analytical abilities of the researcher and the intended use of the theory. We illustrate key aspects of decision making about which method to select by drawing upon the first author’s experiences in his doctoral research.
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Maitra, Ani. "Touching Hearts: The Uncertain but Strategic Politics of KASHISH 2015." Film Quarterly 69, no. 2 (2015): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2015.69.2.60.
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Ani Maitra reviews the fifth edition of the Mumbai International Queer Film Festival, focusing on the crucial role that the festival plays in bringing together Indian activists and filmmakers, while also combining collective action and aesthetic self-expression. Maitra examines the festival's rather difficult self-stated goal of “touching hearts” locally and globally, as shaped by the often-conflicting ideologies espoused by local politics, global and corporatized LGBT rights discourses, and Euro-American queer theory.
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Pereiro, James. "S. F. Wood and an Early Theory of Development in the Oxford Movement." Recusant History 20, no. 4 (1991): 524–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200005604.
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Around the main actors in the drama of the Oxford Movement there was a supporting cast of secondary figures which have remained in relative darkness; the increasing glow of attention focused on the central characters, Newman in particular, appears to have relegated them even further into obscurity. Samuel Francis Wood belonged to this group of people, and he is perhaps the most attractive of the personalities among them: loyal, generous, warm, affectionate towards his friends and passionate in the promotion of the causes he espoused. He was destined to be on most intimate terms of friendship with both Newman and Manning, acting as a bridge—together with the Wilberforces—between these two extraordinary personalities.
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Türker, ÖMer. "The Perception of Rational Sciences in the Muqaddimah: Ibn Khaldun's Individual Aptitudes Theory." Asian Journal of Social Science 36, no. 3-4 (2008): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853108x327047.
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AbstractIbn Khaldun utilises a web of terminology comprised of an intertwining of the Peripatetic and Asharî traditions, and establishes the discipline of umrân, after having espoused Asharî metaphysics and the Peripatetic mode of thinking. Besides accepting the Peripatetic theory of the soul, he converts it into a new theoretical structure which could be labelled as the individual characteristics or aptitudes theory, and assesses the attainment and administering of this knowledge within the magnitude of his self-developed theory. Data acquired about a given being, keeping with Ibn Khaldun, has cropped up as an outcome of "individual characteristics or aptitudes unique to persons" and precludes the creation from it a discipline, hence the perennial unfeasibility of converting metaphysical data into an objective discipline.
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Khalil, Omar, Laila Marouf, and Nadia Khalil. "Academics’ Knowledge Sharing Intentions and Behaviours: The Influence of Espoused Culture, Social Norm, and Attitude." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 20, no. 02 (2021): 2150016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221500167.
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Knowledge sharing (KS) is a social phenomenon, and whether or not academics practise KS depends mostly on their individual and social characteristics. Although KS is informed by culture, the external validity of the empirical results of most of the research investigating the influence of culture, defined and operationalised at the macro (national or organisational) level, on KS is problematic since the cultural orientation of individuals in a particular society or organisation may not be homogeneous. This study adopted a Theory of Reasoned Action-based model to analyze the influence of espoused individualism–collectivism (IC), espoused uncertainty avoidance (UCA), social norm (SN), and attitude (ATT) on academics’ KS intentions and behaviours. The results are derived using a data set from a large public Arabian University. SN, ATT, and intention positively influence KS behaviour. Collectivism positively influences SN, ATT, intention, and behaviour. Unexpectedly, uncertainty tolerance positively influences ATT and intention. These results provide significant statistical support for the explanatory power of the model. They also put forward empirically based evidence that adds much-needed nuance to the current discourse on KS intention and behaviour and informs policies and strategies that enhance KS in the academe.
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Holland, Michael. "The Time of his Life." Paragraph 30, no. 3 (2007): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2007.30.3.46.
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Throughout his life, contemporaries of Blanchot either sought to relegate his writing to the past, or else espoused it uncritically in a gesture akin to what Jean-Luc Nancy once called syncope. Blanchot thus divided his epoch in a way that was less a polarization than a struggle for the present in which thought takes place. Consequently, readers today in search of what makes Blanchot continue to be a contemporary find that the time of his writing is shrouded in a curiously unstable quantity of oblivion. This article argues that Blanchot's refusal of biography brings about an inaugural disruption of the temporality of rational thought. From the outset, the ‘I am’ of reflection is accompanied in his writing by an ‘I am dead’ which is narrative in nature. Jacques Derrida's work is taken to exemplify the espousal of Blanchot by his contemporaries. Despite the acuity of Derrida's analyses of the fractured present of rational discourse, however, the article seeks to demonstrate that the priority of narrative in Blanchot's thought gives rise to a temporality for which philosophy can never find the measure.
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Koon, Olivia, Ricky Y. K. Chan, and Piyush Sharma. "Moderating effects of socio-cultural values on pro-environmental behaviors." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, no. 5 (2020): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-10-2019-0534.
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PurposeThis paper aims to explain the discrepancy between pro-environmental intentions and behaviors with moderating effects of two socio-cultural values (espoused individualism and faith in others) on the link between intentions and actual behaviors to save electricity.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of 303 consumers in Hong Kong with a structured questionnaire was used to collect the data to test all the hypothesized relationships.FindingsAttitude toward saving electricity has a significant positive effect on the intentions to save electricity, but subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have no such effect on intentions but do positively affect the actual electricity saving behavior. Finally, the link between intentions and behavior to save electricity is negatively moderated by espoused individualism and positively by faith in others.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted with a sample of consumers in Hong Kong; hence, its findings may not be generalizable to other countries.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights into the link between pro-environmental intentions and behaviors by looking beyond the theory of planned behavior and exploring the moderating role of socio-cultural values on the intention-behavior link.
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Buker, Bill. "Spiritual Development and the Epistemology of Systems Theory." Journal of Psychology and Theology 31, no. 2 (2003): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710303100205.
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Based on systems theory, especially the contributions of Gregory Bateson, the concepts of first-, second-, and third-order change will be presented as a potential framework for conceptualizing spiritual development. The relevance of these concepts to the spiritual process of 12-step recovery will be explored, followed by an application to Christian spirituality. It will be suggested that one way of understanding Jesus’ teachings is to view them as addressed to a culture mired in first-order strategies of change. In attempting to introduce a Kingdom based on radically different principles, Jesus made use of paradoxes, reframes, parables, and metaphors as techniques through which the second- and third-order change necessary for an experience of Kingdom life could be facilitated. Specifically, it is the epistemological shifts characteristic of second- and third-order change that are considered constitutive of spiritual development. If these epistemological changes reflect new ways of perceiving, based on the principles of the Kingdom of God as espoused by Jesus, then spiritual development from a Christian perspective could be said to have occurred.
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Phillips, Rob. "Challenging The Primacy Of Lectures: The Dissonance Between Theory And Practice In University Teaching." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 2, no. 1 (2005): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.2.1.2.
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Current practice in universities foregrounds the traditional lecture, tutorial, examination approach to teaching. The nature of currently-accepted practice in course design and administration is considered through an examination of the influence on universities of historical views about knowledge. These findings are contrasted with current research about learning and learning environments, and the dissonances explored in terms of the concepts of theory-in-use and espoused theory. Recommendations are then made about appropriate ways to design educationally-sound learning environments in higher education. Finally, this paper questions why lectures are largely viewed as the core of the learning process, and why university teaching and learning practices continue to be resistant to, and often inconsistent with, fundamental principles of learning developed through sustained scholarly enquiry.
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Annan, Jean, Josephine Bowler, Mandia Mentis, and Matthew P. Somerville. "Between Theory and Practice Falls the Shadow: The Learning Theories Profile." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 10, no. 3 (2011): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.10.3.238.
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Between the ideaAnd the realityBetween the motionAnd the actFalls the ShadowT. S. Eliot, “The Hollow Men”This article reports on the development and evaluation of a meta-cognitive tool for practitioners’ reflection on the ‘shadow’ between espoused theories and theories-in-use. The learning theories profile (LTP) was developed to support practitioners in education to identify and reflect on the theoretical perspectives that underpin their professional decision-making. In order to assess the usefulness of the LTP for reflection on professional development and practice, 15 special educators who were enrolled in a university course took part in a trial of the tool. Data from pre-activity and post-activity surveys suggested that the LTP helped students to critically consider contemporary and traditional theories of learning, raised awareness of the application of learning theories in education practice and supported users to reflect on their own professional practice, and interactions.
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Turkis, Martin E. "Elizabeth Grosz, The Incorporeal: Ontology, Ethics, and the Limits of Materialism." Tradition and Discovery: The Polanyi Society Periodical 47, no. 2 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/traddisc202147221.
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Critical theorist Elizabeth Grosz moves beyond the New Materialism she previously espoused and argues for a monism that avoids reductive materialism, holding that materiality is inconceivable without its immaterial frame. She also argues that this position ought to serve as the basis for an immanent and non-normative ontoethics. I give a summation and review of the book before offering an argument against such an approach to ethics. I also offer a related critique of the tendency, widespread within critical theory, to consider all transcendence oppressive.
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Yang, Xiaowan, and Mark Wyatt. "English for specific purposes teachers’ beliefs about their motivational practices and student motivation at a Chinese university." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 11, no. 1 (2021): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2021.11.1.3.
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While it is increasingly recognized that teachers have a crucial role to play in motivating learners, language teacher cognition research that focuses on beliefs about second language (L2) learner motivation and motivational practices is still rare, particularly in English for specific purposes (ESP) settings in Asia. Furthermore, much of what is available does not employ stimulated recall interviews to facilitate a comparison of espoused beliefs elicited beforehand, observed classroom practices and situated cognitions. We have employed such methodology in an under-researched ESP setting in China, to gain insights into the influence of culture and context on teacher beliefs and behavior. Our qualitative case study of three Chinese ESP teachers highlights harmony and tensions between espoused beliefs regarding student motivation and the teacher’s motivational role, and motivational practices, this harmony/disharmony being likely to impact these teachers’ self-determination. It considers possible reasons for identified tensions, including limited professional development opportunities in ESP, apparently dated knowledge of L2 motivation theory, deeply embedded Confucian values and an entrenched assessment culture. Findings suggest the need for awareness-raising and mentoring activities designed to support cognitive harmony regarding motivation and motivational practices amongst ESP teachers.
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Powell, Jason L. "Ageing and China: Towards Theory, Policy and Practice." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 48 (February 2015): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.48.41.
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In the 21st Century, economists and social analysts around the globe are increasingly concerned about the rising numbers of older people in their society. There are genuine concerns about the inadequacy of pension funds, of growing pressures on welfare systems, and on the inability of shrinking numbers of younger people to carry the burden of their elders. This article focuses on such gerontological issues in China, where the older people have become a rapidly expanding proportion of the population. While resources do need to be targeted on the vulnerable older people, the presumption that older people as a whole are an economic and social burden must be questioned. This is an ageist view that needs to be combated by locating how bio-medical views on aging seep into policy spaces in China that position negative perceptions of aging as both individual and populational problems. The article then moves to observe the implications of bio-medicine for older people in China in terms of "vulnerable" aging but deconstruct such "fixed" explanations by juxtaposing active aging as key narrative that epitomizes "declining to decline" as espoused by bio-medical sciences.
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Smith, Samantha, and Charles Normand. "Equity in health care: the Irish perspective." Health Economics, Policy and Law 6, no. 2 (2010): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133110000289.
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AbstractEquity is espoused in many national health policy statements but is a complex concept and is difficult to define. The way in which equity is defined in policy has implications for how the health-care system should be structured. Conflicts between different definitions of equity are identified in theory and policy. This paper discusses these issues, with specific focus on the equity principles underpinning the Irish health-care system. The complex mix of public and private funding in the Irish system brings the challenges in identifying (and achieving) equity objectives more sharply into view, and serves as a warning system for other countries.
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Delale-O’Connor, Lori, and DaVonna L. Graham. "Teachers’ Talk About Race and Caregiver Support: “You Can NEVER Be Too Sure About Parents”." Urban Education 54, no. 4 (2018): 499–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085918806941.
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This study focused on teachers’ perceptions of caregiver support for engaging in conversations about race in the classroom. We analyzed data from the Teachers’ Race Talk Survey, an exploratory survey that examines teachers’ perceptions about discussing race and racial violence in the classroom. Our analyses suggested that respondents espoused broad uncertainty for talking about race with regard to parental support. Teachers explained their responses drawing on four primary logics: (a) context characteristics, (b) family characteristics, (c) teacher characteristics, and (d) subject. We connected logics to social and cultural capital theory to further explain connections between caregivers and teacher race talk.
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RATTEN, VANESSA, and HAMISH RATTEN. "TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND m-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 04, no. 01 (2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877007000989.
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Many technological innovations have occurred within the past decade that have revolutionized the banking industry. The most important has been the Internet and the emergence of mobile-commerce (m-commerce). The aim of this paper is to investigate how Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) banking is being implemented with younger adopters. A conceptual model is developed based on the behavioral intentions younger adopters have on WAP banking that is tested through a survey instrument. Social cognitive theory underpins the conceptual model and helps to explain some of the findings from the study. Suggestions for future research are also espoused.
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Flanagan, Jace, and Dan Nathan-Roberts. "Theories of Vigilance and the Prospect of Cognitive Restoration." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631506.
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Effectively mitigating the vigilance decrement (the decrease in performance on tasks requiring sustained attention over time) is one of the most important human factors problems studied today. Despite this, the underlying theory of vigilance and its failings are still disputed. The two primary theories espoused by researchers today are a cognitive resource theory of vigilance and a mindlessness theory of vigilance. This literature review examines the literature investigating points of conflict between these theories, revealing that the majority of experimental research supports a cognitive resource theory of vigilance. Additionally, we examine research investigating the effect of active rest breaks on cognitive and affective restoration. The literature available on cognitive restoration does not support the suggestion that active rest breaks help restore vigilance-relevant cognitive resources more effectively than passive rest breaks. The research does however, support the proposition that more active rest breaks can reduce stress and increase affect. The potential for increasing worker well-being with more active breaks warrants additional research.
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Skrzypek, Jeremy W. "Not Just a Terminological Difference: Cartesian Substance Dualism vs Thomistic Hylomorphism." Roczniki Filozoficzne 69, no. 1 (2021): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf21691-10.
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In Are We Bodies or Souls? Richard Swinburne presents an updated formulation and defense of his dualist theory of the human person. On this theory, human persons are compound substances, composed of both bodies and souls. The soul is the only essential component of the human person, however, and so each of us could, in principle, continue to exist without our bodies, composed of nothing more than our souls. As Swinburne himself points out, his theory of the human person shares many similarities with the hylomorphic theory of the human person espoused by Thomas Aquinas. Swinburne suggests at one point that the differences between the two theories are “almost entirely terminological,” pertaining chiefly to how each understands the term ‘substance’. In this essay, I aim to show that the differences between Swinburne’s Cartesian substance dualism and Thomistic hylomorphism are much more significant than that. I argue, moreover, that the distinctive claims of Thomistic hylomorphism allow it to successfully avoid some key concerns for Swinburne’s view.
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Yousaf, Nadeem. "Salient features of Jinnah's politics." International Journal of Public Leadership 11, no. 1 (2015): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-07-2014-0007.
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Purpose – Jinnah was, to some extent, a successful leader in obtaining his goals of becoming the only spokesperson for Muslims in India and gaining a piece of land for Pakistan but the main question is whether these achievements can be attributed to transactional or transformational strategies. Has he managed transactional or transformational change in terms of political culture? This point will be discussed in the paper. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A documentary analysis of behaviors, statements and incidents of Jinnah and other relevant personages. Findings – The research shows that Jinnah was neither a transformational nor a charismatic leader. Therefore, his success cannot be attributed to his transformational ideology or charismatic personality. The political maneuvers that he adopted by frequently changing his espoused values and theories-in-use are the sources of his transactional success. Moreover, it is the international events and the vested political interests of the British are among the significant reasons that brought him success. Research limitations/implications – In this work, a detailed comparison has not been made between voluminous theories of leadership because it is beyond the scope of this research. Moreover, it is not the intention of the paper to compare his leadership with that of other leaders; however, the future research in this direction might be useful. Indeed, the relevant leadership examples have been selected from the All India Congress with the major point of reference being the All India Muslim League – the party that brought him real recognition and fame. Practical implications – It is stressed in the research that overt success is not a sufficient criterion to categorize a leader in a specific category without analyzing espoused theory and theories-in-use. The study will help those researchers who are interested in understanding the current political culture of Pakistan. The research will be helpful in enhancing the debate within the theme of leadership, especially transformational, transactional and charismatic. Moreover, the paper will encourage other researchers to compare Jinnah's leadership with that of other political leaders of the world. Originality/value – The research is original as Jinnah's leadership from the perspectives of transformational and transactional leadership styles and the espoused theory and theories-in-use has, so far, not been discussed. It presents significant new arguments and information, which will be in the interest of researchers.
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Pithouse, Richard. "Frantz Fanon: Philosophy, Praxis, and the Occult Zone." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 24, no. 1 (2016): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2016.761.
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In 2011, Achille Mbembe asserted that “the human has consistently taken on the form of waste within the peculiar trajectory race and capitalism espoused in South Africa.” He added that the end of apartheid had shifted rather than undone the lines of exclusion and dispute. Since the massacre on the platinum mines in 2012 it has become widely accepted that the state is resorting to repressive measures to enforce these lines and contain the dispute that they occasion. With notable exceptions academic philosophy, and theory more broadly, has offered remarkably little illumination of the widening distance between the promise of national liberation and democracy and the often bitter realities of contemporary South Africa. [i] Achille Mbembe ‘Democracy as Community Life’ Johannesburg Workshop in Theory & Criticism, 2011 http://jwtc.org.za/volume_4/achille_mbembe.htm
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Baker, Samuel E. "Raised a Teenage Kataphatic." Journal of Youth and Theology 14, no. 1 (2015): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055093-01401007.
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The framework for this study comes from the historical and contextual theory ofapophaticandkataphaticspiritual typologies within the “Circle of Sensibility” espoused by spiritual type theorists. This study analyses seven years of collected data, comparing spiritual type similarities and differences of late adolescent students at a private Christian university in the United States. A major premise of the study underscores the influence catechetical models have on faith development during mid-to-late adolescence. A subsidiary objective of the study measured participants’ perceptions of the importance and frequency of practice of twelve spiritual disciplines. The results of the study confirm outcomes in all four major spiritual type categories within the Circle of Sensibility. Based on the findings, the author offers several recommendations for research in utilising spiritual type theory for understanding catechetical models within youth ministry praxis.
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Rutherford, Brian A. "Metaphysics, methodology and theory in classical accounting thought." Meditari Accountancy Research 27, no. 3 (2019): 416–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-06-2018-0358.
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Purpose The received wisdom on classical accounting thought is that its early stages were methodologically vacuous, while, in its “golden” age, it espoused the methods and philosophical commitments of received-view hypothetico-deductivism but actually remained methodologically incoherent. The purpose of this paper is to argue, to the contrary, that classical accounting thought possesses a coherent constitutional structure that qualifies as a methodology and unifies it as a body of argument. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on Cartwright’s metaphysical nomological pluralism, which holds that we should attend to the actual practices of successful inquiry and the methodologies and metaphysical presuppositions that support it. Findings The paper argues that accounting does achieve disciplinary success and that classical accounting thought, using the methodology of defeasible postulationism, provides the theoretical infrastructure that supports that success. The accounting domain is a world of “dappled realism”, in which theories are useful in the construction of reporting schemes and inform our understanding of the nature of the domain. Research limitations/implications Applying metaphysical nomological pluralism rescues classical accounting thought from the charge of methodological incoherence and metaphysical naivety. Originality/value The paper justifies a place for classical accounting theorising in the endeavours of modern accounting scholarship and moves the analysis of classical accounting thought within a philosophy of science framework towards an approach with a contemporary resonance.
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Prieto, Eric. "Swung Subjectivity in Jacques Réda." Paragraph 33, no. 2 (2010): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2010.0006.
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This article uses Jacques Réda's theory of poetic swing to show how the traditional metrical analysis of poetic rhythm might be updated to better reflect the rhythmic intricacies of contemporary French literary language. It begins by situating Jacques Réda's rhythmic practices with respect to the deconstructive theories of rhythm and subjectivity espoused by Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe and Henri Meschonnic. Using the concept of swing, Réda seeks to show why certain rhythmic patterns feel ‘right’ to him, and how they enable him to put his personal stamp on the French language as he seeks to show, like Lacoue-Labarthe and Meschonnic, that there is such a thing as a rhythmic ‘essence of the subject’.
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Pellecchia, Linda. "The Patron's Role in the Production of Architecture: Bartolomeo Scala and the Scala Palace." Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 2 (1989): 258–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861627.
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Architectural patronage in the late Quattrocento was a way of demonstrating status. In spite of the republican and unaristocratic rhetoric espoused by the Florentine ruling class, powerful families, like the Medici or Strozzi, sought to impress their compatriots with conspicuous displays of wealth. In the course of the fifteenth century, the attitude towards the manifestation of riches passed from a medieval and Christian contempt to a distinct appreciation of magnificence as a virtue and duty of the rich. This need to impress is nowhere more apparent than in the patronage of architecture—especially palace building.
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Bessant, Judith, and Karen Broadley. "Saying and Doing." International Journal of Children’s Rights 22, no. 4 (2014): 710–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-55680028b.
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Modern policy-making communities repeatedly proclaim the idea and value of participation and ‘listening to children and young people’. We note the growing official recognition of children and young people’s right to participation in policies relating to child protection and out-of-home care. Indeed, taking their views into account is mandated in many countries with domestic and international legal requirements accompanying the policy commitments to its value. In this article we explore the disparity or tensions between the ‘espoused theory’ and the ‘theory-in-use’ within child protection. We observe a gap between what policy-makers and practitioners say is the practice and what is actually done, and consider whether there is an effective commitment to the participation of children in child protection. While we rely primarily on Australian and English material, we suggest the arguments and findings presented here have a general international relevance.