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1
Broyer, Sylvain Dufourt Daniel Schefold Bertram. „La pensée théorique et politique de Walter Eucken à la lumière des écoles historiques allemandes ie @Hinterlassenschaft der historischen Schule in Walter Euckens Ordnungstheorie und dem deutschen Ordoliberalismus /“. Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/broyer_s.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Sciences économiques : Lyon 2 : 2006. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Sciences économiques : Université J.W. Goethe de Francfort-sur-le-Main : 2006.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
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Broyer, Sylvain Dufourt Daniel Schefold Bertram. „Die Hinterlassenschaft der historischen Schule in Walter Euckens Ordnungstheorie und dem deutschen Ordoliberalismus = La pensée théorique et politique de Walter Eucken à la lumière des écoles historiques allemandes“. Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/broyer_s.
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Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Sciences économiques : Lyon 2 : 2006. Reproduction de : Inaugural-Dissertation : Fachbereiches Wirtschaftswissenschaften : Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main : 2000.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Le 2e volume est une version abrégée en français du 1er volume écrit en allemand. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.. Index.
3
Fevre, Raphaël. „L'ordolibéralisme (1932-1950) : une économie politique du pouvoir“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E029.
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Cette thèse propose une histoire intellectuelle de l’ordolibéralisme (1932-1950), centrée sur les travaux de Walter Eucken et Wilhelm Röpke, incluant également des références à Franz Böhm, Alexander Rüstow, Leonhard Miksch et Friedrich Lutz. Il s’agit de répondre à la question suivante : comment expliquer que la pensée ordolibérale ait eu les ressources intellectuelles pour peser sur la reconstruction allemande de l’après-guerre Seconde Guerre mondiale ? Répondre à cette interrogation exige, dans un premier temps, de définir clairement ce qu’est l’ordolibéralisme dans son contexte discursif d’apparition. La thèse établit d’abord que l’ordolibéralisme, dans ses composantes épistémologique (Chap. 1), théorique (Chap. 2), idéologique (Chap. 3) ou politique (Chap. 4), peut être défini comme une économie politique du pouvoir : c’est-à-dire une forme de savoir économique, plutôt qu’une sous variété de (néo)libéralisme. L’objectif premier de cette économie politique est de conduire une analyse des sources, des manifestations et des conséquences du pouvoir dans la sphère sociale. Dans un deuxième temps, la thèse montre en quoi cette identité a pu jouer positivement dans la fondation d’une rationalité politique dans les années d’après-guerre en Allemagne de l’Ouest (Chap. 5), et négativement comme rempart aux programmes concurrents, et en particulier face à celui de John Maynard Keynes (Chap. 6). En définitive, la thèse interroge le discours ordolibéral dans sa capacité à servir de référence à des politiques économiques allemandes, puis européennes : une pérennité accompagnée d’une profonde transformation d’une économie politique du pouvoir initial à la forme contemporaine de l’orthodoxie ordolibéraleThis thesis retraces the intellectual history of ordoliberalism, focusing in particular on the works of Walter Eucken and Wilhelm Röpke, with references to the contributions of Franz Böhm, Alexander Rüstow, Leonhard Miksch and Friedrich Lutz. The main question it addresses is the following: how can we explain the fact that ordoliberal thought had the intellectual resources to weight on German post-war reconstruction? In order to answer it, it is necessary to provide a clear definition of ordoliberalism in its discursive context. First the thesis shows that ordoliberalism, in its epistemological (Chap. 1 ), theoretical (Chap. 2), ideological (Chap. 3) and political (Chap. 4) components, can be defined as a political economy of power, i. e. a form of economic knowledge, whose primary objective is to analyse the sources, the action and the impact of power within society; in other words, as a specific doctrine rather than a sub-species of (neo) liberalism. Secondly, the thesis illustrates how this identity played a positive role in promoting a form of political rationality in the post-war years in West Germany (Chap. 5), but also a negative one by excluding rival political programs, such as that of John Maynard Keynes (Chap. 6). Finally, the thesis investigates the ordoliberal discourse as a benchmark for German, and then European, economic policies: a persistence that went together with its radical transformation from the initial political economy of power, to the contemporary form of ordoliberal orthodoxy
4
Broyer, Sylvain. „Die Hinterlassenschaft der historischen Schule in Walter Euckens Ordnungstheorie und dem deutschen Ordoliberalismus“. Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/broyer_s.
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L’économiste contemporain réalise avec difficulté, que les écoles historiques aient pu inspirer une science économique en progrès. Force est pourtant de constater, que ce courant de pensée a infléchi le cours de la science économique allemande. La lignée des écoles historiques se relève avec certitude du Caméralisme jusqu’à l’Ordolibéralisme. Walter Eucken cependant, fondateur de l’Ordolibéralisme, a eu pour vocation de dépasser l’historicisme. Depuis, le chapitre des écoles historiques semble avoir été définitivement clos et la tradition allemande de pensée économique brusquement arrêtée. Ce travail explore les points de contact et de rupture entre les écoles historiques et la pensée théorique, comme politique, de Walter Eucken. Il arrive à la conclusion que, si la théorie des ordres convainc en tant qu’alternative à la méthode historique, Walter Eucken ne s’affranchit pas autant qu’il l’aurait souhaité de la tradition allemande. Par ailleurs, la programmatique comme certains résultats des écoles historiques revêtent une actualité manifeste pour la science et la politique économiques contemporaines. Il suffit de se convaincre de leur pertinence pour se rendre compte que la théorie de Walter Eucken n’a pas clos le chapitre des écoles historiques mais lui a donné un nouvel élanA modern economist would find it difficult to accept the German historical school as mainstream economics. Nevertheless, this school of thought was of prime importance for the development of economics in Germany. A strong connection can be drawn from cameralism to ordoliberalism via historicism. However, since Walter Eucken, the spiritual father of ordoliberalism, devoted his professorial life to overcoming historicism, this chapter seems to have come to a close and the German tradition of economics to have been broken off from the historical school. This dissertation explores the points of contact and of rupture between historicism on the one hand and Walter Eucken’s theoretical as well as political work on the other. It comes to the conclusion that, even if Eucken developed a convincing alternative to the historical method of economics, his theory of orders failed to emancipate from historicism as much as he was willing to. On many issues, not only the approach to problem solving but also some results of the historical school are pertinent for modern economics and for contemporary economic policy issues. Once persuaded of its relevance, Walter Eucken did not close the books on German historical tradition; he gave it new inspiration
5
Balling, Stephan [Verfasser], und Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Zöller. „Sozialphilosophie und Geldpolitik bei Friedrich August von Hayek, Walter Eucken, Joseph Alois Schumpeter, Milton Friedman und John Maynard Keynes / Stephan Balling. Betreuer: Michael Zöller“. Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1059353598/34.
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Rembold, Sandra. „Das Bild des Menschen als Grundlage der Ordnung die Beiträge von Platon, Aristoteles, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Walter Eucken und Friedrich August von Hayek“. Berlin dissertation.de, 2006. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5100.
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Rembold, Sandra. „Das Bild des Menschen als Grundlage der Ordnung : die Beiträge von Platon, Aristoteles, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Walter Eucken und Friedrich August von Hayek“. Berlin dissertation.de, 2007. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5100.
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Kolev, Stefan [Verfasser], und Elisabeth [Akademischer Betreuer] Allgoewer. „Neoliberale Leitideen zum Staat : die Rolle des Staates in der Wirtschaftspolitik im Werk von Walter Eucken, Friedrich August von Hayek, Ludwig von Mises und Wilhelm Röpke / Stefan Kolev. Betreuer: Elisabeth Allgoewer“. Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1020457414/34.
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9
Voigts, Manfred, und Andreas Kennecke. „Euchel, Mendelssohn, Herder und Andere“. Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2230/.
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Haarmann, Moritz Peter [Verfasser]. „Wirtschaft - Macht - Bürgerbewusstsein : Walter Euckens Beitrag zur sozioökonomischen Bildung / Moritz Peter Haarmann“. Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080249591/34.
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Haarmann, Moritz-Peter [Verfasser]. „Wirtschaft - Macht - Bürgerbewusstsein : Walter Euckens Beitrag zur sozioökonomischen Bildung / Moritz Peter Haarmann“. Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:089-8397601162.
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Eucker, Jan [Verfasser]. „Optimierung der Therapie des metastasierten Mammakarzinoms unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Pi3K/Akt/mTOR-Signaltransduktionswegs / Jan Eucker“. Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031667040/34.
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13
Freese, Annelie Verfasser], Bärbel [Gutachter] [Frischmann und Alex [Gutachter] Burri. „Rudolf Euckens Philosophie des Geisteslebens als eine Philosophie des Lebens / Annelie Freese ; Gutachter: Bärbel Frischmann, Alex Burri“. Erfurt : Universität Erfurt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216249075/34.
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Freese, Annelie [Verfasser], Bärbel [Gutachter] Frischmann und Alex [Gutachter] Burri. „Rudolf Euckens Philosophie des Geisteslebens als eine Philosophie des Lebens / Annelie Freese ; Gutachter: Bärbel Frischmann, Alex Burri“. Erfurt : Universität Erfurt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216249075/34.
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Himmelreich, Gabriele [Verfasser], A. [Gutachter] Eucke und U. [Gutachter] Frick. „Pathophysiologische und therapeutische Beeinflussung von Hämostasestörungen bei der orthotopen Lebertransplantation / Gabriele Himmelreich ; Gutachter: A. Eucke, U. Frick“. Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1207640360/34.
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Monjane, Adérito Luis. „Production of diospyrin by Euclea natalensis seedlings and in vitro cultures“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4297.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-96).This study focused on the potential use of E. natalensis seedlings, callus cultures and hairy root cultures as alternative sources of diospyrin. Chloroform extracts of E. natalensis seedling organs showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium aurum, and HPLC analysis of the extracts demonstrated a corresponding accumulation of diospyrin, mostly in the stem (0.23%, DW) and roots (0.17%, DW) of the seedlings.
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de, Souza Neves Carla. „Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e toxicidade aguda do extrato bruto das raízes de Euclea natalensis A.DC (mulala)“. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2912.
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Previous issue date: 2010Euclea natalensis A. DC. pertence a família Ebenaceae e é encontrada na África Austral desde o Quênia e República Democrática do Congo até a África do Sul. Esta planta destaca-se popularmente pela pronunciada ação antibacteriana ao impedir a formação da placa bacteriana e antiinflamatória de seus metabólitos secundários, principalmente as naftoquinonas. Em revisão de literatura, constatou-se a carência de informações detalhadas para a área odontológica. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana frente a microrganismos patogênicos para a cavidade oral e determinar a toxicidade aguda do extrato bruto etanólico da raiz de Euclea natalensis. Diante deste relato foi utilizado método de microdiluição em caldo Mueller Hinton para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) frente aos seguintes microrganismos Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis e algumas cepas de Candida albicans obtidas do Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS) e Depto. de Antibióticos da UFPE e teste de toxicidade aguda. Na análise microbiológica, os resultados foram satisfatórios comparando com a clorexidina frente aos microrganismos ensaiados. Desta forma, foi observado que o extrato bruto das raízes de Euclea natalensis A.DC. possui atividade antimicrobiana possivelmente correlacionada a presença de naftoquinonas. Para o ensaio de toxicidade aguda por via oral em Ratos Wistar, realizado pelo método de Trevan (1927), foi administrada uma dose de 4mL de 6/6 horas, numa concentração de 5g/Kg, aos animais durante 24 horas e posteriormente foram observados em relação ao comportamento, consumo de água e alimento. Foi observado que os animais não apresentaram sinais clínicos de toxicidade, nem alteração no consumo de água e ração. Dessa forma conclui-se que o extrato bruto de Euclea natalensis A.DC. apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente aos microorganismos testados e não possui toxicidade aguda
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Scherer, Jakob Friedrich [Verfasser]. „Das Verhältnis von Staat und Ökonomie. : Walter Euckens Ordoliberalismus im Angesicht der Schwächung des nationalstaatlichen Regulierungsmonopols. / Jakob Friedrich Scherer“. Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1238443133/34.
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Bapela, MJ, N. Lall, JH Isaza-Martinez, T. Regnier und JJM Meyer. „Variation in the content of naphthoquinones in seeds and seedlings of Euclea natalensis“. South African Journal of Botany, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000789.
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A correlation between plant growth and accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone
(1), 7-methyljuglone (2) and diospyrin (3)) was investigated in seeds and seedlings of
Euclea natalensis A.DC. In this study, the seeds represented the first stage whereas the
second seedling stage was defined as the stage, when the radicles were about 6 cm in
length. The lengths of the seedlings at the third, fourth and fifth seedling stages were
9 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm respectively. Plant materials collected from the five seedling
stages were separately extracted using chloroform and the naphthoquinones were then
quantified by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Shinanolone
(1), which was the only naphthoquinone detectible from seeds, accumulated at variable
rates (P < 0.01) and no trend could be established between its synthesis and seedling
growth. The content of shinanolone (1) ranged from 87.5 mg/kg in seeds (first stage) to a
high mean value of 1047 mg/kg during the fourth seedling stage. A significant correlation
(P < 0.01) was found between the mean concentrations of 7-methyljuglone (2) and
seedling growth. 7-Methyljuglone (2) was quantified at a high mean level of 5003 mg/kg
during the third seedling stage and was not detected from the seed samples. A positive
correlation (P < 0.01) was established between the concentration of diospyrin (3) and
seedling stages. Diospyrin (3) was detected at an elevated mean concentration of
6182 mg/kg during the fifth seedling stage, which was higher than the other quantified
naphthoquinones.
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Doyle, Gregory Ross. „The concept and practice of prayer in Tertullian's De Oratione and Origen's Peri Euches“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51994.pdf.
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Bapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. „Variation of active constituents in Euclea natalensis based on seedling stages, seasons, and fertilizers“. Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06262008-095522/.
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Bapela, Mahwahwatse Johanna. „Variation of active constituents in Euclea natalensis based on seedling stages, seasons, and fertilizers“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25856.
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Euclea natalensis A.DC. belongs to the Ebenaceae family, and is extensively distributed along the eastern coast of southern Africa. Many Euclea species are widely gathered by indigenous people because of their medicinal properties. Roots of these plant species are frequently used to treat respiratory complications such as chest pains, bronchitis, pleurisy and asthma. Ground root powder is topically applied in cases of leprosy and is used by some ethnic groups to treat toothache and headache. The bioactivity encountered is attributable to naphthoquinones, which are common phenolic compounds in the Ebenaceae family. Naphthoquinones isolated from E. natalensis (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) have exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The demand for these products will escalate due the amount of plant material required to further research. We need to explore techniques that can maximize their productivity. The present study was conducted on E. natalensis, in an attempt to establish if there exists any correlation between the accumulation of naphthoquinones and stages of seedling growth, seasonal fluctuations and application of fertilizers. A possible correlation between seedling growth stages and the accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone and diospyrin) was investigated in seeds and seedlings of Euclea natalensis. In this study, the seeds represented the first stage, whereas the second seedling stage was defined as the stage when the radicles were about 6 cm long. The lengths of the seedlings at the third, fourth and fifth seedling stages were 9 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm respectively. Plant materials collected from the five seedling stages were separately extracted using chloroform and the naphthoquinones were then quantified by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Mobile phase of MeCN: H2O: AcOH (62.5: 32.5: 5) was used as an eluent in an isocratic mode and at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Standard curves of each of the four compounds were obtained by making a series of dilutions in the concentration range of 22.5 µg/ml to 2.25 µg/ml. Ten microlitres of each dilution was injected three times into the HPLC, and the run time for each injection was 20 minutes. Calibration curves were then generated and used for the quantification of each compound. Shinanolone, which was the only naphthoquinone detectible in seeds, accumulated at variable rates (P<0.01) and no trend could be established between its synthesis and seedling growth. The content of shinanolone ranged from 87.5 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in seeds to a high mean value of 1047 mg/kg (dw) during the fourth seedling stage. A significant correlation (P<0.01) was found between the mean concentrations of 7-methyljuglone and seedling growth. 7-Methyljuglone was quantified at a high mean level of 5003 mg/kg during the third seedling stage and was not detected in the seed samples. A positive correlation (P<0.01) was established between the concentration of diospyrin and seedling stages. Diospyrin was detected at an elevated mean concentration of 6182 mg/kg during the fifth seedling stage, which was higher than the other quantified naphthoquinones. Seasonal variation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) was investigated from eleven plants of E. natalensis subsp. natalensis growing in natural populations, over a period of four seasons. The roots were harvested, dried, extracted and analysed as in the previous study. The mean levels of shinanolone and 7-methyljuglone were found to be uniform in all the seasons and no statistically significant variation could be found between seasonal changes and their mean concentrations. Accumulation of isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin varied significantly with seasonal changes (P<0.05). These two bioactive naphthoquinones were detected only in summer and autumn respectively, and not in winter. A statistically significant variation (P<0.05) was established between the levels of diospyrin and seasonal fluctuations. Diospyrin was detected at a mean concentration of 3190 mg/kg (dw) during spring, which was higher than the other naphthoquinones quantified in all four seasons. The effect of NPK fertilizers on growth performance and accumulation of naphthoquinones (shinanolone, 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin) in seedlings of E. natalensis grown in shade and under field conditions was investigated. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups, which were then subjected to four respective treatments of water-soluble foliar feed (2:1:2 (44) NPK) at three different concentrations. Treatments tested were as follows: Treatment 1 at 40 g/l, Treatment 2 and Treatment 3 at 20 g/l and 10 g/l respectively. The control group received only supplemental water. The first harvest was conducted after 6 months of application of fertilizers and the second one was done after 12 months of treatment. Roots and shoots were harvested and analysed separately. The naphthoquinones were quantified as previously described. The bioactivity of root extracts from seedlings was tested against Mycobacterium smegmatis and extracts with lower MIC were further tested on M. tuberculosis. Growth parameters differed between the two groups, with seedlings from the shadehouse showing more plant vigour than the field grown plants. No significant interaction could be established between the measured growth factors and treatment. A significant interaction (P<0.001) was found between Treatment 2 and shadehouse seedlings. Treatment 2 enhanced vegetative performance with the mean values of fresh weight of shoots and roots being twice as much as their respective control mean values. A significantly positive correlation was established between the concentration of shinanolone (P<0.01), isodiospyrin (P<0.05) and neodiospyrin (P<0.05) with fertilization from field-grown seedlings. Application of NPK fertilizers significantly (P<0.05) increased the accumulation of neodiospyrin in seedlings subjected to shadehouse conditions. The most potent naphthoquinone, 7-methyljuglone, was found to be abundant in all the extracts and was quantified at a high mean concentration of 10200 mg/kg from shadehouse seedlings. Root extracts of E. natalensis seedlings grown under field conditions were generally more active against the bacterial strain of M. smegmatis as compared to extracts acquired from roots of seedlings maintained under a shadehouse setting. A lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78mg/ml against M. smegmatis was observed from the second harvest of field-cultivated seedlings of the control and Treatment 1 subgroups. The MIC values for shadehouse seedlings ranged from 1.6 to 6.3 mg/ml. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values from all the extracts tested were relatively higher than their respective MIC’s. Root extracts of E. natalensis were more active against M. tuberculosis and their MIC values were lower than the tested concentrations. Extracts acquired from field-grown seedlings were more active against M. smegmatis with a lowest MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml. Extracts from the control group and Treatment 1, which had less application of fertilizers were more active against strains of M. tuberculosis with MIC value of 10 µg/ml. This shows the selectivity of E. natalensis against the mycobacterial strain of M. tuberculosis. Based on the findings, synthesis and accumulation of naphthoquinones in E. natalensis is highly variable within individuals of the species investigated. Naphthoquinones accumulate in relatively higher amounts in roots of E. natalensis than in the aboveground structures, which validate their harvest by indigenous people. The concentration of shinanolone varied slightly and its production increased with seedling growth. The synthesis of 7-methyljuglone is independent of fertilisation as its accumulation was enhanced in seedlings subjected to control treatment. Neodiospyrin and isodiospyrin were always present in every sample obtained from the seedlings but they were not detectible in every profile of samples from mature plants. Diospyrin is the only naphthoquinone that was detected in every sample analysed and also quantified in high concentrations from mature plants harvested in spring. The study showed that depending on the requirement of a particular naphthoquinone for research, one could target the seasons and seedling stages recommended from this study. This study also showed that field-cultivated seedlings produced more potent naphthoquinones than the ones subjected to controlled environments.Dissertation (MSc (Plant Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
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Lemes, Maristerra Rodrigues. „Agregação de ovos como estrategia reprodutiva de Hypothyris euclea barii (Lepedoptera, Nymphalidae: Ithomunae) na regiãode Manaus, Amazonas“. [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316007.
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Orientador : João Vasconcellos NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Foram estudados aspectos da interação entre a borboleta ithomiineo Hvoothvris auclea barii e sua planta hospedeira Solanum asperum (Solanaceae), em áreas situadas ao norte de Hanaus, Amazonas, Brasil. H. euclea barii coloca ovos agrupados na superfície das folhas de S. asoerum, e usam preferencialmente folhas jovens da planta. A população de juvenis de S. euclea barii variou sazonalmente em abundância. As maiores densidades populacionais de imaturos ocorreram no final da estação chuvosa e início da estação seca de 1989. Após, houve uma acentuada redução na oviposição e conseqüentemente no tamanho da população de juvenis. Predação por artrópodes foi freqüentemente observada e é talvez o fator biótico de maior importância na dinâmica populacional de juvenis de fi. euclea barii. Os predadores de ovos e larvas de fi. euclea barii mais comumente observados foram formigas (Ectatomma, Pseudomyrmex e Pheidole) e vespas (Vespidae). Grupos de ovos e larvas quando encontrados pelos predadores, em geral, são massivamente atacados. Formigas e homópteros associados a ~. asoerum foram mais abundantes durante a estação chuvosa, coincidindo em 1989, com o período de maiores densidades de imaturos de ti. euclea barii nas plantas. Em seu habitat original (clareiras naturais no interior da floresta primária), a população de ~. asperum é pequena e muito dispersa. Entretanto, em grandes áreas abertas na floresta pela ação humana, apresenta-se abundante e agregada. Testou-se experimentalmente a hipótese que considera o grau de agrupamento de ovos e larvas como uma estratégia reprodutiva selecionada em K. euclea barii, em função do padrão de distribuição de sua planta hospedeira e da pressão exercida por seus inimigos naturais. Os resultados experimentais corroboraram a hipótese testada. As taxas de sobrevivência de larvas agrupadas foram maiores em plantas isoladas nas clareiras que em plantas agregadas em borda de mata. Larvas isoladas sobreviveram melhor que larvas agrupadas em plantas isoladas nas clareiras. E sugerido que o efeito de duplo isolamento (da planta e larva) dificulta a localização das larvas pelos predadores e por isso larvas isoladas sobreviveram melhor nas clareiras. Conclui-se que a alta pressão exercida por predadores de ovos e larvas de ti. euclea barii, em plantas agregadas em borda de mata, pode tornar a estratégia de isolamento de ovos mais vantajosa ao ithomiineo nesta situação
Abstract: This study examines aspects af the interaction between the ithamiine butterfly Hvpathvris euclea barii and its host plant Solanum asperum (Solanaceae) in areas north Df Hanaus, Amazonas, Brazil. ~. euclea barii deposits egg clusters on the lower leaf surfaces Df its host planto The adult females preferably places eggs on young leaves rather than mature ones. The juvenile population Df li. euclea barii varied seasonally in abundance. Higher population densities Df immatures occurred at the end of th~ rainy and begining Df the dry season. Afterwards there was a sharp reduction in the oviposition and consequently juvenile population size. Predation by arthropods had been frequently observed and seems to be important in the populational dynamics Df li. Euclea barii juveniles. The most common predators Df li. euclea barii eggs and caterpillarS were ants (Ectatomma, Pseudomyrmex and Pheidole) and wasps (Vespidae). Generally, eggs and caterpillars clusters were vigorously attacked when found by predators. Ants and homopterans associated with ~. asoerum were most abundant during the rainy season. In 1989, this period coincided with the higher densities of the li. euclea euclea immatures on plants. In its original habitats (natural clearings on primary forest), the ~. asperum population is small and very dispersed. Therefore, in great areas opened in the forest by human action it presents agregated and abundant. Was experimentally tested the hypothesis that degree of eggs and caterpillars clustering are reproductive strategy selected in fi. euclea in function to host plant distribution pattern and by pressure exerted by natural enemies. The results corroborated the hypothesis tested. The survival rates of clustered caterpillars were higher on isolated plants in forest clearings than on aggegated ones on edge forest. Isolated caterpillars show better survival rather than clustered ones on isolated plants in forest clearings. These results suggest that the effect of double isolation (plant and caterpillar) makes it difficult for predators to find caterpillars and then isolated caterpillars show better survival rather than clustered ones in clearings. In conclusion, intense predation on eggs and caterpillars of K. euclea barii, in clustered plants on the edge of the forest, appears to make isolated egg laying more effective strategy rather than clustered one, in this situation
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Eucker, Dennis [Verfasser], und Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Hein. „Development and Climate Change in the Mekong River Delta : a case study on poverty, vulnerability, and how adaptive capacity can be enhanced / Dennis Eucker. Betreuer: Wolfgang Hein“. Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020930217/34.
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Thaver, Veneesha. „Isolation and characterization of the cytotoxicity, intracellular bioactivity and mechanism of antimycobacterial action of Euclea natalensis-derived naphthoquinones“. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31311.
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The major cause of HIV-related mortality in Sub-Saharan countries is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is an escalating threat due to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely multidrug resistant (XDR) TB. There is clearly an urgent requirement for the identification of novel, affordable anti-TB (as well as anti-HIV) drugs.
This study was undertaken with the objective of isolating and characterizing the antimycobacterial potential of 3 naphthoquinones, i.e. neodiospyrin, diospyrin and 7- methyljuglone present in the roots of Euclea natalensis. The laboratory research included: i) isolation of diospyrin and neodiospyrin, from the roots of E. natalensis; ii) assessment of the cytotoxicity of these agents and synthetic 7-methyljuglone for eukaryotic cells (Vero and THP-1 cells); iii) determination of the intracellular bioactivities of the naphthoquinones against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB); and iv) mechanistic studies designed to investigate the effects of the test agents on cation (K+/ Ca2+) fluxes and energy metabolism (ATP levels) in MTB and M. smegmatis.
With respect to the first objective, the naphthoquinones (diospyrin and neodiospyrin) were isolated from crude methanol extracts of crushed roots using chromatography and spectroscopic analysis. The yields of the compounds were 0.16 %, 0.32 %, and 0.12 % for neodiospyrin, diospyrin (isolated from plant) and synthetic 7-methyljuglone (synthesised in laboratory), respectively.
The effects of the compounds (0.3-50μg/ml) on the viability of Vero and THP-1 cells were measured using the XTT assay (sodium 3’-[1-(phenyl amino-carbonyl)-3, 4 tetrazolium]-bis-[4-methoxy-6-nitro] benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) based on cellular metabolic activity. All 3 test compounds were found to possess cytotoxic activity at 1.5- 12.5g/ml) for both cell lines.
Intracellular bioactivity of the test agents was measured using MTB-infected THP-1 cells as a surrogate for infected human macrophages. Following exposure of the MTBinfected cells to the test naphthoquinones, at a concentration range of 6.25-25g/ml, for 5 days, the cells were lysed and the viability of MTB in the lysates was then measured using the BACTEC radiometric system. All 3 test agents were found to be bioactive intracellularly, with complete inhibition of growth detected at 12.5, 25, and 6.25g/ml in the case of neodiospyrin, diospyrin, and synthetic 7-methyljuglone respectively.
The effects of the 3 naphthoquinones on mycobacterial cation fluxes were measured according to the magnitude of uptake of 86Rb+ (a surrogate for K+) and 45Ca2+, while ATP was measured using a chemiluminescence procedure. None of the test agents was found to affect Ca2+ uptake by the bacteria. However, all 3 test agents were found to be potent inhibitors of uptake of K+ by MTB and M. smegmatis, with inhibition detected at submicrogram concentrations of these agents. All 3 test agents, especially synthetic 7- methyljuglone, were found to interfere with energy metabolism in MTB, manifested as decreases in mycobacterial ATP levels.
Synthetic 7-methyljuglone which has the lowest MIC value for MTB (0.5μg/ml), and which was the most potent inhibitor of energy metabolism in MTB, shows promise as a potential anti-TB agent.These agents also are of potential value in drug modelling, possibly in the design of novel anti-TB agents which selectively target mycobacterial K+ transporters.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Immunology
Unrestricted
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Valente, Maria dos Anjos Samuel Quilombo. „Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de Adansonia digitata L. e Euclea natalensis A.DC : sua potencial aplicação num produto cárneo“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13690.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança AlimentarO objetivo do presente estudo, foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos orgânico e aquoso de múkua e mulala. Para tal, foi utilizada uma metodologia modificada a partir de Vuyst, Callewaert & Pol (1996), utilizando como indicadores Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Escherichia coli. O extrato orgânico de mulala demonstrou ter efeito inibitório em P. aeruginosa, S. Enteritidis e S. aureus e não evidenciou nenhum efeito inibitório sobre L. monocytogenes e E. coli. No caso do extrato aquoso de múkua, observou-se um efeito inibitório em P. aeruginosa, S. Enteritidis e E. coli, não tendo sido registado efeito inibitório em S. aureus e L. monocytogenes. Posteriormente, realizou-se um ensaio experimental de aplicação dos extratos de múkua e mulala no fabrico de um preparado de carne tendo-se utilizado como modelo almôndegas. Para avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano sobre a microbiota da carne, adicionou-se 5%, de extrato de múkua e 1,5% de extrato de mulala. As almôndegas foram embaladas em atmosfera protetora e em aerobiose sendo conservadas a 4 ˚C durante 22 dias. Efetuaram-se contagens de microrganismos aeróbios totais a 30 ˚C, Brochothrix thermosphacta, bactérias ácido lácticas, Enterobacteriaceae e Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa ao longo do período de armazenamento (0, 4, 8, 12, 18 e 22 dias). Nas almôndegas adicionadas de 5% de múkua observou-se um maior efeito inibitório para todos os grupos de microrganismos estudados, sendo maior nas Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa e B. thermosphacta. Realizou-se um segundo ensaio com a aplicação do extrato de 1% de múkua em salsichas embaladas em atmosfera protetora, conservadas a 7 ˚C durante 30 dias. Efetuaram-se contagens de microrganismos aeróbios totais a 30 ºC, Enterobacteriaceae e bactérias ácido lácticas ao longo do período de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 20 e 30 dias). Os extratos vegetais utilizados, mostraram ser efetivos na inibição dos microrganismos patogénicos e de deterioração estudados, tendo-se revelado o extrato aquoso com adição de 5% de múkua o melhor candidato como aditivo natural a utilizar em produtos cárneos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a adição de múkua aos preparados de carne durante o armazenamento reduziu o pH do produto, o que favorece a inibição da multiplicação bacteriana. Os resultados demonstraram que a cor não foi influenciado significativamnete P>(0,05) pelos diferentes tipos de embalagem (aerobiose e atmosfera protetora) a que foram sujeitos os preparados de carne durante os dias de armazenamento. Nas salsichas adicionadas de 1% de múkua observou-se um efeito inibitório nas Enterobacteriaceae no dia 20 mas de modo geral não ocorreu qualquer inibição da microbiota presente.
ABSTRACT - The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of organic and aqueous extracts múkuaand mulala. Therefore, a modified method of Vuyst, Callewaert Pol (1996), was employed to test their inhibitory effect using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli as indicators. The organic extract of mulala demonstrated an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa, S. Enteritidis and S. aureus but did not shown any inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes and E. coli. In the case of the aqueous extract of múkuawas shown an inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa, S. Enteritidis and E. coli but no effect on S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. In the case of the aqueous extract of múkua, an inhibitory effect was observed in P. aeruginosa, S. Enteritidis and E. coli; no inhibitory effect was observed on S aureus and L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, an experimental test of mukua and mulala extracts application was carried out in the manufacture of a prepared meat product using meatballs as an model. To evaluate the antibacterial effect on the meat microbe added 5% of extract múkua and 1,5 % extract mulala was added. The almondegas were packed in a protected atmosphere and aerobiose being conserved at 4º C during 22 days. The total microorganism aerobic at 30 ° C, Brochothrix thermosphacta, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and S. coagulase-negative counts were performed, during the storage period (0, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 22 days). A strong inhibitory effect for all groups of microorganisms studied were observed in 5% múkua meatballs, mainly on Enterobacteriaceae, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Brochothrix thermosphacta. A second experimental application with 1% múkua extract in sausages packed in a protected atmosphere and stored at 7 °C for 30 days was assessed. The total microorganism aerobic at 30 °C, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria counts were evaluated throughout the storage period (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days). In the meatballs with 5% múkua was observed an inhibitory effect on microbiota development, which may be considered a good candidate as natural preservative. The results showed that addition of múkua to the meat pre-cooked during storage reduced the pH of the product, increasing the inhibition of bacterium multiplication. The results showed that the color was not signicantly influenced P> 0, 05 by the different types of aerobic packaging and protetive atmosphere to which the meat preparations were subjected during storage days. In the added sausages with 1% mukua an inhibitory effect was observed on Enterobacteriaceae at day 20, but generally no inhibition occurred in the present microbiota.
N/A
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Esmaio, Mustafa Hasan Mustafa. „The antifungal effect of Salvadora persica and Euclea natalensis on Candida isolates from Libyan patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5761.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Medical BioScience)Improved oral hygiene plays a vital role on quality of health and well-being of diabetic patients. Poor oral health leads to an increased incidence of oral diseases, particularly oral candidiasis. The emergence and global spread of azole- resistant Candida species has necessitated the need for novel, cost effective antifungals to stop further spread of resistant Candida infections. This project is the first documented investigation of Candida species prevalence in Libyan type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and investigated the antifungal effect of Salvadora persica and Euclea natalensis on azole-resistant Candida isolates. In this study, 182 Candida isolates from the oral mucosa of T2DM patients were identified using presumptive species identification by chromogenic media followed by confirmation using API ID 32 C, YST Vitek 2 and phenotype microarrays. Their drug susceptibility profiles were tested using the disc diffusion and the AST Vitek 2 compact system. High-pressure liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to separate, isolate and purify the bioactive compounds and fractions of the plant extracts which were then tested for their antifungal activity. The results showed that both Salvadora persica and Euclea natalensis promise to provide beneficial alternatives to conventional drugs in treating oral candidiasis in diabetic patients.
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Xavier, Cheila Nilza Hamina. „Avaliação in situ do efeito do gel contendo euclea natalensis na superfície dentária, antes do desafio erosivo seguido ou não da abrasão“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-18012012-145230/.
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Este estudo avaliou in situ a ação do gel contendo euclea natalensis na redução da erosão associada ou não abrasão em esmalte e dentina humanos. O estudo foi realizado em duas fases cruzadas de cinco dias cada (SG - sem gel e CG - com gel) nas quais 10 voluntários utilizaram placas palatinas com 4 blocos de esmalte e 4 blocos de dentina, distribuídos em duas fileiras horizontais contendo 4 blocos, correspondendo aos subgrupos: erosão (Eros); erosão + abrasão (30min) (Eros + Abras). Em fases alternadas metade dos voluntários teve a aplicação do gel em todos espécimes do aparelho e na outra metade os espécimes não sofreram tratamento nenhum. O gel foi aplicado durante 5 minutos, sendo o mesmo removido após este tempo. Na etapa experimental os aparelhos foram imersos em refrigerante 4x ao dia, por 5 minutos. A seguir o aparelho foi colocado na boca por 30 minutos. Após este período os voluntários escovaram 4 espécimes da fileira Eros + Abras e recolocaram o aparelho. A outra fileira (Eros) não foi escovada. A análise da perda de estrutura dentária foi realizada por meio de teste de perfilometria e microdureza. Foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) a 2 critérios (presença ou ausência da aplicação do gel) de acordo com cada substrato e o teste TUCKEY (p<0,05). Não houve associação entre perda de dureza e condições ou grupos testados (p>0,05). O desgaste dentário médio nos blocos de esmalte para o grupo CG foi de 12,86µm eros e 12,13µm eros+abras e para os blocos de dentina foi de 5,95µm eros e 6,16µm eros+abras. A média de desgaste dentário para o grupo SG, em blocos de esmalte foi de 14,08µm eros e 16,29µm eros+abras e, nos blocos de dentina foi de 13,64µm eros e 12,63µm eros+abras. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o gel contendo euclea natalensis é capaz de reduzir o desgaste associado ou não a abrasão, independente do tipo de substrato, esmalte ou dentina.This study investigated the action of in situ gel containing euclea natalensis on reducing erosion associated or not with abrasion in the human enamel and dentin. The study was performed into two phases crossed in five days each (WOG-without gel and WG- with gel) in which ten volunteers used acrylic palatal appliances with four blocks of enamel and four dentin, distributed in two horizontal rows containing four blocks, corresponding to the subgroups: erosion (Eros); erosion + abrasion (30min) (Eros + Abras). In alternating phases half the volunteers had the applying the gel at all specimens. And the other half of the volunteers have not suffered any treatment. The gel was applied during 5 minutes, being removed after this time. In stage experimental, the blocks were subjected to erosion by immersion of the appliances into soft drink for five minutes, 4 times a day. The appliance was then replaced into the mouth for 30 minutes. After this period the volunteers brushed row (eros+abrasion) and replaced into the mouth. The row (eros) was not brushed. The analysis of the dental structure were determined using profilometry and microhardness tests. ANOVA by two criteria (presence or absence of application of gel) in agreement with each the substrate and Tukey test were applied (p <0.05). Microhardness and conditions or groups tested were not found association (p> 0.05). The mean wear in enamel blocks was 12.86µm eros and 12.13µm eros + abras in the WG group and in dentin blocks was 5.95 µm eros and 6.16µm eros+ abras. The mean wear in enamel blocks was 14.08µm eros and 16.29µm eros+abras for the WOG group and in dentin blocks was 13.64µm eros and 12.63µm eros + abras. There was significant difference between groups (p <0.05). It concluded that the gel containing Euclea Natalensis can reduce erosion with or without abrasion, independently of the substrate type, enamel or dentin.
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Porch, Carl Ralph. „An analysis of the procurement and management of End-User Computing Equipment (EUCE) within the United States Marine Corps“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26870.
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Luz, TemÃstocles de Souza. „AvaliaÃÃo da ExtensÃo Sensitizada na Soldagem de AÃos InoxidÃveis AustenÃticos“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2002. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7256.
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Os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos, quando soldados e expostos a certos ambientes corrosivos, podem sofrer corrosÃo nas regiÃes adjacentes Ãs soldas. Estas regiÃes, em geral, estÃo associadas à precipitaÃÃo de carbonetos de cromo nos contornos dos grÃos da austenita (sentizaÃÃo). A anÃlise da influÃncia da energia de soldagem sobre a sentizaÃÃo à de interesse em diversos setores industriais importantes, como à o caso do setor petroquÃmico. Assim, estudou-se a influÃncia do processo de soldagem, da energia da regiÃo sensitizada. Foram utilizadas, para este estudo trÃs tÃcnicas bÃsicas de avaliaÃÃo de zona de reativaÃÃo eletroquÃmica potenciocinÃtica, pelo mÃtodo cÃclico (REPC). Para tanto, foram soldados trÃstipos de aÃo (AIS 304, AISI 304L e AISI 316L) com trÃs energias de soldagem para cada aÃo, em trÃs processos de soldagem (eletrodo revestido, TIG e MIG). A simulaÃÃo, realizada do software nÃo considerou os efeitos dos outros elementos quÃmicos alÃm do carbono. AtravÃs de microscopia Ãtica foi possÃvel observar o fenÃmeno de precipitaÃÃo dos carbonetos de cromo, mesmo quando esses precipitados ocorreram de forma dispersa. O mÃtodo REPC mostrou-se bastante eficaz em determinar essa regiÃo e em quantificar a faixa de precipitaÃÃo de carbonetos. Este metido apresentou vantagens sobre a microscopia Ãtica jà que permitiu identificar regiÃes de precipitaÃÃo de difÃcil observaÃÃo em microscopia Ãtica. A anÃlise atravÃs das tÃcnicas utilizadas mostrou que o processo de energia de soldagem influem consideravelmente na extensÃo sintetizada dos aÃÃes estudados.Os aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos, quando soldados e expostos a certos ambientes corrosivos, podem sofrer corrosÃo nas regiÃes adjacentes Ãs soldas. Estas regiÃes, em geral, estÃo associadas à precipitaÃÃo de carbonetos de cromo nos contornos dos grÃos da austenita (sentizaÃÃo). A anÃlise da influÃncia da energia de soldagem sobre a sentizaÃÃo à de interesse em diversos setores industriais importantes, como à o caso do setor petroquÃmico. Assim, estudou-se a influÃncia do processo de soldagem, da energia da regiÃo sensitizada. Foram utilizadas, para este estudo trÃs tÃcnicas bÃsicas de avaliaÃÃo de zona de reativaÃÃo eletroquÃmica potenciocinÃtica, pelo mÃtodo cÃclico (REPC). Para tanto, foram soldados trÃstipos de aÃo (AIS 304, AISI 304L e AISI 316L) com trÃs energias de soldagem para cada aÃo, em trÃs processos de soldagem (eletrodo revestido, TIG e MIG). A simulaÃÃo, realizada do software nÃo considerou os efeitos dos outros elementos quÃmicos alÃm do carbono. AtravÃs de microscopia Ãtica foi possÃvel observar o fenÃmeno de precipitaÃÃo dos carbonetos de cromo, mesmo quando esses precipitados ocorreram de forma dispersa. O mÃtodo REPC mostrou-se bastante eficaz em determinar essa regiÃo e em quantificar a faixa de precipitaÃÃo de carbonetos. Este metido apresentou vantagens sobre a microscopia Ãtica jà que permitiu identificar regiÃes de precipitaÃÃo de difÃcil observaÃÃo em microscopia Ãtica. A anÃlise atravÃs das tÃcnicas utilizadas mostrou que o processo de energia de soldagem influem consideravelmente na extensÃo sintetizada dos aÃÃes estudados.
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Fevre, Raphael. „L'ordolibéralisme (1932-1950) : une économie politique du pouvoir“. Thesis, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E029/document.
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Cette thèse propose une histoire intellectuelle de l’ordolibéralisme (1932-1950), centrée sur les travaux de Walter Eucken et Wilhelm Röpke, incluant également des références à Franz Böhm, Alexander Rüstow, Leonhard Miksch et Friedrich Lutz. Il s’agit de répondre à la question suivante : comment expliquer que la pensée ordolibérale ait eu les ressources intellectuelles pour peser sur la reconstruction allemande de l’après-guerre Seconde Guerre mondiale ? Répondre à cette interrogation exige, dans un premier temps, de définir clairement ce qu’est l’ordolibéralisme dans son contexte discursif d’apparition. La thèse établit d’abord que l’ordolibéralisme, dans ses composantes épistémologique (Chap. 1), théorique (Chap. 2), idéologique (Chap. 3) ou politique (Chap. 4), peut être défini comme une économie politique du pouvoir : c’est-à-dire une forme de savoir économique, plutôt qu’une sous variété de (néo)libéralisme. L’objectif premier de cette économie politique est de conduire une analyse des sources, des manifestations et des conséquences du pouvoir dans la sphère sociale. Dans un deuxième temps, la thèse montre en quoi cette identité a pu jouer positivement dans la fondation d’une rationalité politique dans les années d’après-guerre en Allemagne de l’Ouest (Chap. 5), et négativement comme rempart aux programmes concurrents, et en particulier face à celui de John Maynard Keynes (Chap. 6). En définitive, la thèse interroge le discours ordolibéral dans sa capacité à servir de référence à des politiques économiques allemandes, puis européennes : une pérennité accompagnée d’une profonde transformation d’une économie politique du pouvoir initial à la forme contemporaine de l’orthodoxie ordolibéraleThis thesis retraces the intellectual history of ordoliberalism, focusing in particular on the works of Walter Eucken and Wilhelm Röpke, with references to the contributions of Franz Böhm, Alexander Rüstow, Leonhard Miksch and Friedrich Lutz. The main question it addresses is the following: how can we explain the fact that ordoliberal thought had the intellectual resources to weight on German post-war reconstruction? In order to answer it, it is necessary to provide a clear definition of ordoliberalism in its discursive context. First the thesis shows that ordoliberalism, in its epistemological (Chap. 1 ), theoretical (Chap. 2), ideological (Chap. 3) and political (Chap. 4) components, can be defined as a political economy of power, i. e. a form of economic knowledge, whose primary objective is to analyse the sources, the action and the impact of power within society; in other words, as a specific doctrine rather than a sub-species of (neo) liberalism. Secondly, the thesis illustrates how this identity played a positive role in promoting a form of political rationality in the post-war years in West Germany (Chap. 5), but also a negative one by excluding rival political programs, such as that of John Maynard Keynes (Chap. 6). Finally, the thesis investigates the ordoliberal discourse as a benchmark for German, and then European, economic policies: a persistence that went together with its radical transformation from the initial political economy of power, to the contemporary form of ordoliberal orthodoxy
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Jandásková, Marie. „Recepce Rudolfa Christopha Euckena v dile Karla Statečného“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344155.
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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Recepce Rudolfa Christopha Euckena v díle Karla Statečného Reception Rudolf Christoph Eucken in the work of Karel Statečný Diplomová práce doc. ThDr. Jiří Vogel, Th.D. Bc. Marie Jandásková Praha 2016 Děkuji vedoucímu práce docentu ThDr. Jiřímu Vogelovi, Th.D. za milý, věcný a povzbudivý přístup. Taktéž děkuji všem blízkým za trpělivost, podporu a neztrácení nadhledu. Prohlašuji, že jsem vypracovala práci samostatně, všechny použité prameny a literatura byly řádně citovány. Práci jsem nepoužila k získání žádného jiného, ani stejného titulu. V Praze, dne Marie Jandásková ANOTACE Práce představuje v České republice málo známého německého filosofa Rudolfa Christopha Euckena. Kučera je přesvědčen, že jeho práce inspirovala v první generaci církve československé husitské teologa Karla Statečného, jako příklad inspirace uvádí Kučera prvky blízké personalismu. Práce pracuje s tímto předpokladem a hledá další souvislosti mezi dílem německého filosofa a českého teologa. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA Eucken, Statečný, život, smysl, hodnota, dějiny, pozitivismus, moderní život, osoba, personalismus, sociální hnutí, socialismus, individualismus, etika, morální teologie, náboženství, filosofie ANNOTATION The work represents the Czech Republic in the littleknown German philosopher...
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Rembold, Sandra [Verfasser]. „Das Bild des Menschen als Grundlage der Ordnung : die Beiträge von Platon, Aristoteles, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Walter Eucken und Friedrich August von Hayek / vorgelegt von Sandra Rembold“. 2006. http://d-nb.info/985319429/34.
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Holthaus, Stephan. „Zwischen Gewissen und Gewinn: die Wirtschafts- und Sozialordnung des „Freiburger Bonhoeffer-Kreises“ und ihre christliche Begründung“. Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18835.
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Text in GermanDie wirtschaftspolitische Konzeption der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird seit 1948 als „Soziale Marktwirtschaft“ bezeichnet. Es beruht auf den Prinzipien des Leistungswettbewerbs, geregelt durch staatliche Ordnungen und ergänzt durch einen sozialen Ausgleich. Die „Soziale Marktwirtschaft“ geht dabei einen Mittelweg zwischen einer liberalen laissezfaire Wirtschaftsordnung und einer staatlichen Planwirtschaft. Vorliegende Arbeit untersucht zum ersten Mal im Detail ein Vorläuferdokument der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, die „Freiburger Denkschrift“ aus dem Jahr 1943. In dieser Nachkriegsordnung, eine Auftragsarbeit der „Bekennenden Kirche“, finden sich alle Grundprinzipien der später eingeführten Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, eingebettet in ein umfangreiches christliches Reformprogramm für den Wiederaufbau Deutschlands. Die Arbeit analysiert den Hintergrund der Verfasser und die Inhalte der Denkschrift. Konkret wird gezeigt, welche Überzeugungen der christlichen Ethik sich in den wirtschaftspolitischen Forderungen der Denkschrift niedergeschlagen haben. Außerdem wird die Denkschrift in den biographischen Kontext der Verfasser und die zeitgeschichtlichen theologischen Zusammenhänge eingeordnet, denn viele Thesen des Dokuments reflektieren Diskussionsprozesse der damaligen Zeit. Zudem kann gezeigt werden, dass in die Freiburger Denkschrift sowohl protestantische wie auch römisch-katholische Elemente Eingang gefunden haben.
Since 1948 the economic system of the Federal Republic of Germany is called “Social Market Economy”. It is based on the principles of competitive markets, ensured by governmental competition policy and supplemented by social insurance and public assistance. The “Social Market Economy” takes a middle road between a liberal laissez-faire economy and a a centrally planned economy. The current study examines for the first time in detail the document that preceded the “Social Market Economy,” the 1943 “Freiburg Memorandum”. In this work, commissioned by the Confessing Church of the Third Reich as a post-war system, all fundamental principles of the later “Social Market Economy” can be found embedded in a comprehensive Christian reform program for the reconstruction of Germany. This dissertation analyzes the background of the authors and the contents of the memorandum. We will show specifically which convictions of Christian ethics were incorporated into the economic-political requests of the document. In addition the memorandum will be connected to the biographical context of the authors and the theological context of their time, as many theses put forward in the document reflect discussions that were in progress at that time. Also, it can be shown that Protestant as well as Roman-Catholic elements found entrance into the “Freiburg Memorandum”.
Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology
M.Th. (Theological Ethics)
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Cheng, Shing-Min, und 鄭聖民. „The Application And Impact Of EUC:An Organizational Perspective“. Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25634342856814944623.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
資訊管理技術研究所
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The main objectives of this research are to study the practices of end-user computing (EUC) in Taiwan. First, the sophistication of EUC is explored. Thses include application sophistication, usage application, and end-users sophistication. Second, the extent of EUC success is identified. These include the performance of EUC and the satisfaction of end-users. Finally, the impact of organizational characteristics on EUC sophistication and the impact of EUC sophistication on EUC success are analyzed and discussed. Two questionnaires were mailed to IS managers in 825 organizations in Taiwan, 271 matched pairs of questionnaires were returned. The usable response rate was 32.85%. The results show that main activity of EUC is to inquire information. Most end-users use connecting-network computers. Most end-users only use two or three development tools. These include word processors, spreadsheets, and database software. Most applicatios were designed by in-house programmers. Only three to four jobs performed were assised by EUC. These jobs mainly were to search information and create reports. Assistance from IS personnel was needed in order to conduct EUC activities. Consequently, this study examined whether there are significant differences of EUC sophistication among organizations with different characteristics. Results showed that years of IS department established influenced application sources of EUC. The number of in-house IS personnel influenced usage frequency of EUC. The working experiences of IS managers influenced usage development tools and teh application sources of EUC. Services of information department influenced usage purposes of EUC. Stragegic IT applications influenced usage time of EUC. Finally, results indicated that application sources affected the extent of end-user satisfaction. Also, usage frequency affected the extent of end-user satisfaction. Further, usage frequency and usage purpose affected the extent of EUC performance.
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Van, der Kooy Frank. „Characterisation, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of naphthoquinones isolated from Euclea natalensis“. Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24614.
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TB is still one of the world's biggest killers. Immunosuppresion induced by AIDS caused a rise in the incidence of TB during the past decade. The search for new drugs to effectively treat TB remains one of the big challenges facing the scientific community. Drugs from plants have been used for centuries to treat various human diseases with varying degrees of success. South Africa with its big resource of plants and ethnobotanical knowledge is an ideal place to screen for anti- TB compounds. The Zulu tribe of South Africa used the root bark of Euclea nata/ensis A.DC. to treat TB related symptoms. Naphthoquinones isolated from E. nata/ensis proved to have good activity against TB. Nine compounds were isolated from the chloroform extract of E. nata/ensis root material. Three of these compounds were newly isolated from this species (mamegakinone, neodiospyrin and 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-napthaldehyde). The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed using NMR methods and where possible the HPLC and TLC results were compared to authentic standards. Most of the compounds were tested for anti- TB activity with only mamegakinone, lupeol and betulin not showing any activity (5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-napthaldehyde still needs to be tested). The activity of the naphthoquinones, especially 7-methyljuglone, diospyrin, isodiospyrin and neodiospyrin, show promise that these compounds could develop into an affordable medicine to treat TB. The activity of the crude extract against the resistant DP48 110 1 TB strain showed that there are probably unknown active compounds remaining in the extract. The most active compound, 7 -methyljuglone, was synthesised and an improved synthetic pathway was developed. The synthesis of naphthoquinones remains important in order to produce the compounds on a larger scale. This will make further studies into the mode of action, biosynthesis, bioactivity etc. of these compounds possible. Attempts were made to synthesise diospyrin with 7 -methyljuglone as the starting material. These experiments failed up to now. By altering the reaction parameters such as pH and temperature it should be possible to synthesise diospyrin in future attempts. Neodiospyrin were synthesised from reduced 7 -methyljuglone. This synthesis will yield information on the naphthoquinone chemistry and on how to synthesise diospyrin and isodiospyrin. The enzymatic synthesis of naphthoquinones was also investigated with the use of a cell-free extract. These experiments indicated that it might be possible to enzymatically synthesise diospyrin and the other dimers.Dissertation (MSc (Plant Physiology))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
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Deutschlander, M. S. (Miranda Susan). „Isolation and identification of a novel anti-diabetic compound from Euclea undulata thunb“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28972.
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Four plant species traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes by South African traditional healers and herbalists were investigated for hypoglycaemic activity. Species included Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Cabrera, Pteronia divaricata (P.J. Bergius) Less Elaeodendron transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H. Archer and Euclea undulata Thunb var. myrtina (Burch.) Hiern. Acetone and ethanol plant extracts were prepared and tested in vitro, for glucose utilization, at concentrations of 12.5 µg/ml on three cell lines namely; Murine C2C12 myocytes, Chang liver cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Metformin, at a concentration of 1 µM (0.166 µg/ml) was used as positive control for hepatic cells and insulin at a concentration 1 µM (5.7 µg/ml) for myocytes and preadipocytes. Toxicity tests were done for all extracts on preadipocytes and hepatic cells, but not on myocytes as these cells were exposed to the extract for only a short period (1 hour) during the hypoglycaemic bioassay. Preadipocytes and hepatic cells were exposed to the plant extracts for 48 hours. The four plant extracts were further investigated for hypoglycaemic activity by evaluating inhibiting effects on carbohydrate-hydrolising enzymes alpha-glycosidase and alpha-amylase. In vitro hypoglycaemic analysis revealed that acetone and ethanol plant extracts of S. pinnata, E. undulata and E. transvaalense, displayed hypoglycaemic activity in one or more of the various cell lines, whereas, P. divaricata showed no hypoglycaemic activity. The best results were obtained with the ethanol and acetone extracts of S. pinnata in preadipocytes with a glucose uptake of 148.2% and 79.6% respectively, above control (100%). However, about 50% preadipocytes survived on exposure to the extracts of S. pinnata at 12.5 µg/ml indicating significant cytotoxicity. Glucose uptake of 63.3% was observed by the ethanol extract of S. pinnata on hepatic cells. E. transvaalense showed hypoglycaemic activity on preadipocytes exhibiting glucose uptake of 38.6% above control 100%. Glucose uptake of 62.2 % were obtained by the E. undulata extract in C2C12 myocytes, with 100% cell viability. E. undulata scored a +3 and was chosen for further analysis. Antidiabetic activity and toxicity of the plant extracts were taken into consideration when scoring was applied. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase results indicated that P. divaricata extract inhibited alpha-glucosidase (IC50 31.22 µg/ml) whereas E. undulata (IC50 2.80 µg/ml) and E. transvaalense (IC50 1.12 µg/ml) extracts inhibited alpha-amylase. Results obtained indicated that all four plant extracts tested have the ability to lower blood glucose levels to some extent and in different manners and therefore corroborate the ethnomedicinal use of these four species in the treatment of diabetes. Phytochemical studies of a crude acetone extract of the root bark of E. undulata var. myrtina produced a new á-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid compound (1), and three known compounds; betulin (2), lupeol (3) and epicatechin (4). The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic means. In vitro assays on C2C12 myocytes revealed that (2) (21.4%) and (4) (166.3%) were active in lowering blood glucose levels whereas (1) (IC50 4.79 µg/ml) and to a lesser extent (4) (IC50 5.86 µg/ml) and (3) (IC50 6.27 µg/ml) inhibited alpha-glucosidase. These results indicated that the crude, E. undulata acetone extract does contain compounds that display hypoglycaemic activity. The hypoglycaemic activity of four plant species including E. undulata, and the four isolated purified compounds, are reported for the first time.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Plant Science
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Bachmann-Roth, Andreas. „Hoher, schneller, weiter… Eine theologisch-ethische Untersuchung der Wettbewerbsordnung deutschsprachiger, neoliberaler Okonomen : Ein Beitrag zu einer menschenwurdigen Arbeitsethik“. Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18708.
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Summaries in German and EnglishText in German
Der Wettbewerb ist eine der prägenden Kräfte der Arbeitswelt. Gestaltet wurde die gegenwärtige Wettbewerbsordnung im deutschsprachigen Raum massgeblich von den neoliberalen Ökonomen Alfred Müller-Armack, Walter Eucken und Friedrich August von Hayek. Diese Literaturstudie untersucht die Wettbewerbsordnung dieser drei Ökonomen, deckt ihre ethischen Prämissen auf und diskutiert diese aus theologisch-ethischer Sicht. Im ersten Teil wird der vielschichtige Begriff Neoliberalismus sowie der Wettbewerb wirtschaftsgeschichtlich eingeordnet und die ausgewählten Texte einer wissenschaftlichen Textanalyse unterzogen. Tabellarisch und nach Themen geordnet werden die Thesen der Einzeluntersuchungen zusammengefasst. In fünf Themenbereichen zeigen sich signifikante Überschneidungen bei allen drei Ökonomen. Diese ausgewählten fünf Themenbereiche werden im zweiten Teil theologisch-ethisch diskutiert. Damit theologische Ethik und Ökonomie zu einem konstruktiven Austauschverhältnis gelangen können, wird vorgängig die Reichweite und Grenze einer biblisch-theologischen Arbeitsethik diskutiert. Zudem wird die biblische Perspektive zur Arbeit und zum Wettbewerb eruiert. Abschliessend werden der Kirche wie auch der Wirtschaft Impulse zur Gestaltung einer menschenwürdigen Arbeitsethik gegeben.
Competition is one of the distinctive forces of the working world. Amongst German speaking scholars, the current Wettbewerbsordnung (Engl.: order of competition) was shaped to a great extent by the neo-liberal economists Alfred Müller-Armack, Walter Eucken und Friedrich August von Hayek. This literature study examines the Wettbewerbsordnung of these three economists, uncovers their ethical premises and discusses these from a theological ethical point of view. The first section puts both the complex term ‘Neoliberalism’ and competition into an economic historical context. It also contains a scientific analysis of the chosen texts. The theses of the individually examined texts are summarised in tabular form and classified by subject area. In five areas, all three economists present significant overlap. In the second section, these chosen five areas are discussed from a theological ethical perspective. In order to enable a constructive exchange between theological ethics and economics, the analysis of the abovementioned five areas is preceded by a discussion of the scope and limits of a biblical theological work ethic. Further, this Master thesis traces the biblical perspective on work and competition. In conclusion, ideas are suggested both for the church and the economy on how to create a humane work ethic.
Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology
M. Th. (Theological Ethics)
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Bapela, Nchinya Benedict. „Isolation of Naphthoquinones from the roots of Euclea Natalensis and their invitro antimycobacterial activity and toxicity“. 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09292006-130917.
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Van, der Kooy Frank. „The medicinal and chemical aspects of naphthoquinones isolated from Euclea natalensis A. DC. on Mycobacterium tuberculosis“. Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25601.
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The isolation and antimycobacterial activity of several naphthoquinones from Euclea natalensis were previously reported and initiated this study into the occurrence, chemistry and biological activity of this class of compounds. The structure activity relationship of the isolated naphthoquinones, and commercially available derivatives were also studied. Several plant species were investigated to establish a possible link between their traditional use for chest related symptoms (including tuberculosis infection) and the occurrence of 7-methyljuglone in these plants. The plants were extracted and tested qualitatively with the use of three analytical tools for the presence of 7-methyljuglone or related naphthoquinones. Due to its commercial unavailability, the chemical synthesis of two of these naphthoquinones, 7-methyljuglone and diospyrin, was attempted with varying degrees of success. The Friedel-Crafts acylation method was used to synthesise 7-methyljuglone from m-cresol and maleic anhydride as starting material. The optimisation of the synthesis was also investigated. Through a two-step pathway of epoxidation and steam distillation, diospyrin was successfully synthesised albeit in small quantities. During the attempts to synthesise diospyrin, two other related compounds were also synthesised. These compounds, neodiospyrin and mamegakinone, are structural isomers of diospyrin. The stability of some of the naphthoquinones was tested in various carriers in an attempt to explain the influence this will have on the obtained antituberculosis and toxicity data. The BACTEC vial solution, which is widely used to determine potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was analysed with HPLC to determine the stability of these compounds in it. In addition the stability in organic solvents especially DMSO, was also tested as this is the solvent of choice for hydrophobic compounds in almost all bioassays. The antituberculosis activity and/or toxicity of 7-methyljuglone was investigated with three bioassays, to broaden our knowledge on the mechanism of action of naphthoquinones. Vero cells were employed to determine the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of most of the naphthoquinones. Mice experiments were carried out to determine the toxicity of 7-methyljuglone and diospyrin in vivo. In addition the lead compound, 7-methyljuglone, was tested on Musca domestica (house fly) to establish its toxicity on this organism. In order to find the pharmacophore of this class of compounds, a preliminary structure-activity relationship was conducted. During this study the active site in the compounds which confers potency and toxicity was partly established. The mode of action of some of the naphthoquinones was investigated and it was established that the compounds might interfere with the mycobacterial electron transport chain. A fluorinated 7-methyljuglone stops the production of menaquinone which transports electrons from the NADH dehydrogenase complex to the cytochrome bc complex and effectively kills the mycobacterium.Thesis (PhD (Botany))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Plant Science
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„Agregação de ovos como estrategia reprodutiva de Hypothyris euclea barii (Lepedoptera, Nymphalidae: Ithomunae) na regiãode Manaus, Amazonas“. Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 1991. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000035459.
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Botha, Lynette Elizabeth. „Investigating the production of secondary metabolites effective in lowering blood glucose levels in Euclea Undulata Thunb. Var Myrtina (Ebenaceae)“. Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21927.
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Euclea undulata Thunb. var myrtina is a widely distributed shrub in South Africa. The roots are used by traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes. Research indicates that roots contain epicatechin, lupeol as well α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid. It was found that α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid inhibits α-glucosidase while epicatechin lowers glucose levels in the blood. Existing literature also indicates the presence of the naphthoquinone 7-methyl-juglone in the roots, although it was not detected in all cases. Due to its cytotoxic nature, 7-methyl-juglone poses a potential threat when E. undulata is used as medicinal treatment.
In order to assist the effective and safe use of this plant as a treatment for diabetes, this project aims to determine whether the presence of these metabolites is seasonal. It further aims to contribute to more sustainable harvesting methods by investigating stems and leaves in addition to the roots for the presence of these metabolites.Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
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Lall, Namrita. „Isolation and identification of Naphthoquinones from Euclea natalensis with activity against Mycobacterium tubercolosis, other pathogenic bacteria and Herpes simplex virus“. Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25097.
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The antimycobacterial activity of twenty South African medicinal plants were investigated using two methods commonly used; the conventional agar plate method and the BACTEC radiometric method. Fourteen of the twenty acetone extracts of medicinal plants used to treat pulmonary diseases showed inhibitory activity at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml against a sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the conventional agar plate method. These fourteen extracts were also tested against M tuberculosis by the BACTEC radiometric method against a sensitive as well as a strain resistant to the drugs isoniazid and rifampin. Eight plants showed activity against both the strains at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. Susceptibility testing of M tuberculosis by the agar plate method is reliable, economical, and reproducible whereas the BACTEC radiometric method is much faster and probably more accurate than the agar plate method. A cytotoxicity assay of the fourteen plants on primary vervet monkey kidney cells showed that the crude acetone extracts of E. natalensis was the least cytotoxic extract with significant antimycobacterial properties. It was therefore, chosen for the isolation of active compound(s). An antibacterial assay of the water and acetone extracts of the roots of E. natalensis showed that they inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria at concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 6.0 mg/ml. The water extract did not exert any inhibitory action on Gram-negative bacteria while the acetone extract showed inhibitory activity at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. The MIC of diospyrin, isolated from E. natalensis, was found to be 100 µg/ml for a drug-sensitive and a number of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis and Gram-positive bacterial species. An antiviral investigation of the crude extracts of E. natalensis showed that the water extract of the roots of the plant inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 moderately at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml whereas, acetone extract at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.02 mg/ml. Diospyrin exhibited no inhibitory effect against the virus. The MIC of 7-methyljuglone, isolated from E. natalensis, was found to be 50 µg/ml for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. The compound inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacterial species at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 µg/ml. No inhibitory effect of the compound was observed on any Gram-negative bacteria at the highest concentration tested. A significant synergistic effect of the two naphthoquinones was observed against M tuberculosis and some of the bacterial species. MICs obtained were 10 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml for M tuberculosis and the bacterial species respectively. No synergistic effect was observed on any Gram-negative bacterial species investigated. In view of the encouraging results obtained from this study on the biological activity of the two naphthoquinones; diospyrin and 7 -methyljuglone, it appears that the compounds deserve further investigation in order to explore its potential as antimycobacterial agents.Thesis (DPhil (Plant Physiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Plant Science
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Cirera, Planas Joan. „Contribution to the pharmacognostic characterization of Diospyros villosa root“. Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15857.
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Tese de mestrado, Medicamentos à Base de Plantas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2012Ebenaceae family is a medium-sized family that encompasses two genera (Diospyros L. and Euclea L.). Diospyros genus ascribed nearly 500 species [5] and about 300 organic chemicals have been isolated and identified in the genus [11]. In sum, 1,4-naphthoquinones, different triterpenes (especially lupanes, ursanes, oleananes, taraxeranes), benzopyrones, polyphenols, and tannins are all widely present, and thus very characteristic for Diopsyros genus [2]. The aim and scope of this thesis is to contribute to the chemical and biological characterization of Diospyros villosa root as an herbal drug, a plant used for buccal infections in traditional medicine. It Includes botanical, chemical, biological studies, and the determination of the acute toxicity of a biological active total extract of this medicinal plant. First of all, D. villosa hydro ethanol (DVR) and diethyl ether (DVR ether) root extracts were prepared and the chromatographic profile was established thought TLC and LC-UV/DAD analysis revealing polyphenols, naphtoquinones and triterpenoids as the principal compounds. Five fractions (n-hexane L-L fraction (DVRh), diethyl ether L-L fraction (DVRe), ethyl acetate L-L fraction (DVRae), n-buthanol L-L fraction (DVRb) and water L-L fraction (DVRw)) were obtained with a L-L fraction with crescent polarity solvents. L-L fractions were characterized by TLC and LC-UV/DAD, major compound, Compound 7/M was purified and identified as a gallic acid derivate. Β-Sitosterol triterpene was also identified. The compound 7/M was analyzed with LC/MS. The antimicrobial activity done with the two extracts (DVR and DVR ether) and with the L-L fractions (DVRh, DVRe, DVRae, DVRb and DVRw) against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus and against buccal bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus debruckii sub. bulgaris and Lactobacillus bulgaris) revealed DVRh and DVRae L-L fractions and compound 7/M as the more active against E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus and L. plantarum. The comparative activity study between DVRh and an Euclea natalensis A. DC. root hydro ethanolic extract (a medicinal plant known with the same vernacular name –”mulala” and used for the same medicinal but), shown that both extracts have a good activity against different Lactobacillus tested species, which confirms the traditional use of ”mulala” as a toothbrush. The antioxidant study done with DPPH and beta-carotene methods [85] among DVR and DVR ether confirmed the antioxidant activity of some compounds which were present in both extracts as the main compound (C. 7/M, a gallic acid derivate), as well as some naphtoquinones. The validation of the acute toxicity of the DVR extract revealed a possible renal dysfunction. Results that concord with none oral administration in traditional medicine of this plant. Ones confirmed the traditional uses of the medicinal plant, botanical identification as vegetal drug was considered primordial. Macroscopic, microscopic and histochemical studies were done with a significant number of samples of D. villosa root. Principal results obtained are discussed and presented in this thesis.
A família Ebenaceae é uma família botânica de média dimensão, que agrupa dois géneros (Diospyros villosa L. e Euclea natalensis A. DC.). O gênero Diospyros reúne quase 500 espécies [5] e mais ou menos 300 compostos foram isolados e identificados [11]. Os compostos maioritários e característicos são 1,4-naftoquinonas, taninos, triterpenos (especialmente lupanos, ursanos, oleananos e taraxaranos) e benzopironas [2]. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal contribuir para a caracterização química e biológica de Diospyros villosa raiz, uma planta medicinal usada na medicina tradicional moçambicana para o tratamento de infeções bocais, e inclui a apresentação de resultados de estudos botânicos, e de estudos químicos, microbiológicos e de toxicidade realizados a nível pré-clínico com extractos desta planta. Os estudos visando a caracterização química e biológica envolveram a preparação de um extrato hidro-etanólico (DVR) e etéreo (DVR ether) da raiz de D. villosa e o estabelecimento do perfil cromatográfico destes por TLC e LC-UV/DAD, tendo, os compostos maiortários sido identificados como polifenóis e naftoquinonas e triterpenos. O subsequente fracionamento do extrato DVR por partilha líquido-líquido com solventes de polaridade crescente permitiu a obtenção de cinco facções: fracção n-hexano (DVRh), fracção etérea (DVRe), fracção acetato de etilo (DVRae), fracção n-butanol (DVRb) e fracção aquosa (DVRw); as quais foram também quimicamente caracterizadas por TLC e LC-UV/DAD, tendo a partir destas sido e identificados o composto maioritário C.7/M, como derivado do ácido galhico e o triterpeno β-sitosterol. A avaliação da actividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos (DVR e DVR ether) e frações (DVRh, DVRe, DVRae, DVRb e DVRw) contra Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli e Micrococcus luteus, e contra as bactérias da flora bocal Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus debruckii sub. bulgaris and Lactobacillus bulgaris permitiram selecionar as facções DVRh e DVRae como as mais ativas contra E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus and L. plantarum em conjunto junto com o composto 7/M. O estudo comparativo da atividade entre DVR e um extrato hidroetanólico de Euclea natalensis A. DC. raíz, uma planta medicinal usada para o mesmo fim medicinal em Moçambique e conhecida pelo mesmo nome vernáculo – “mulala”, permitiu verificar que os dois extractos são ativos frente diferentes espécies de Lactobacillus e confirma a utilidade do uso tradicional de “mulala” como palito bocal ou escova de dentes no combate à cárie dentária. A presença de compostos com atividade anti-oxidante em DVR e DVR ether foi também avaliada, por método bioautográfico com DPPH e beta-caroteno [85], tendo os resultados obtidos permitido localizar a presença desta atividade nas bandas correspondentes ao composto majoritário (C. 7/M) e aos constituintes naftoquinonónicos maioritários detetados. A avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato ativo DVR permitiu verificar a existência possível disfunção renal por administração deste, sendo estes resultados concordantes com o fato desta planta medicinal não ser, em regra, tradicionalmente administrada por via oral. Confirmando-se a utilidade o uso tradicional desta planta medicinal, considerou-se prioritária a definição dos parâmetros de diagnose botânica que permitissem a identificação desta planta medicinal como droga vegetal. Neste âmbito, foram realizados estudos macroscópicos, microscópicos e histoquímicos com um número estatísticamente significativo de amostras de raíz de D. villosa, sendo os principais resultados obtidos também apresentados e discutidos na presente tese.