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Thematische Bibliographien / Eutherian mammals / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Eutherian mammals“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 20. Februar 2023

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1

V.R. Prasad, Guntupalli, Omkar Verma, Ashok Sahni, and Ashu Khosla. "Cretaceous mammals of India–Stratigraphic distribution, diversity and intercontinental affinities." Journal of Palaeosciences 70, no. (1-2) (September 10, 2021): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.14.

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Extensive research carried out on the Cretaceous deposits of Laurasia has revealed an overwhelming presence of eutherian, metatherian and multituberculate groups of mammals in the Cretaceous ecosystems of Northern Hemisphere continents. In contrast, the relatively poorly documented fossil record of Cretaceous mammals from Gondwanan continents is represented by gondwanatherians, dryolestoids, and a few multituberculates and haramiyidans. Until now, no undoubted eutherian mammals have been reported from the Cretaceous strata of the southern continents except for India. In this context, Indian Cr

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Edwards, Carol A., Nozomi Takahashi, Jennifer A. Corish, and Anne C. Ferguson-Smith. "The origins of genomic imprinting in mammals." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 7 (2019): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18176.

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Genomic imprinting is a process that causes genes to be expressed according to their parental origin. Imprinting appears to have evolved gradually in two of the three mammalian subclasses, with no imprinted genes yet identified in prototheria and only six found to be imprinted in marsupials to date. By interrogating the genomes of eutherian suborders, we determine that imprinting evolved at the majority of eutherian specific genes before the eutherian radiation. Theories considering the evolution of imprinting often relate to resource allocation and recently consider maternal–offspring interac

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Gerkema, Menno P., Wayne I. L. Davies, Russell G. Foster, Michael Menaker, and Roelof A. Hut. "The nocturnal bottleneck and the evolution of activity patterns in mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1765 (August 22, 2013): 20130508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0508.

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In 1942, Walls described the concept of a ‘nocturnal bottleneck’ in placental mammals, where these species could survive only by avoiding daytime activity during times in which dinosaurs were the dominant taxon. Walls based this concept of a longer episode of nocturnality in early eutherian mammals by comparing the visual systems of reptiles, birds and all three extant taxa of the mammalian lineage, namely the monotremes, marsupials (now included in the metatherians) and placentals (included in the eutherians). This review describes the status of what has become known as the nocturnal bottlene

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Griffith, Oliver W., Arun R. Chavan, Stella Protopapas, Jamie Maziarz, Roberto Romero, and Gunter P. Wagner. "Embryo implantation evolved from an ancestral inflammatory attachment reaction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 32 (July 26, 2017): E6566—E6575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701129114.

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The molecular changes that support implantation in eutherian mammals are necessary to establish pregnancy. In marsupials, pregnancy is relatively short, and although a placenta does form, it is present for only a few days before parturition. However, morphological changes in the uterus of marsupials at term mimic those that occur during implantation in humans and mice. We investigated the molecular similarity between term pregnancy in the marsupials and implantation in eutherian mammals using the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) as a model. Transcriptomic analysis shows that t

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Royall, Amy H., Stephen Frankenberg, Andrew J. Pask, and Peter W. H. Holland. "Of eyes and embryos: subfunctionalization of the CRX homeobox gene in mammalian evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1907 (July 24, 2019): 20190830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0830.

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ETCHbox genes are fast-evolving homeobox genes present only in eutherian (placental) mammals which originated by duplication and divergence from a conserved homeobox gene, Cone-rod homeobox ( CRX ). While expression and function of CRX are restricted to the retina in eutherian mammals, ETCHbox gene expression is specific to preimplantation embryos. This dramatic difference could reflect the acquisition of new functions by duplicated genes or subfunctionalization of pleiotropic roles between CRX and ETCHbox genes. To resolve between these hypotheses, we compared expression, sequence and inferre

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Renfree, Marilyn B., Shunsuke Suzuki, and Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino. "The origin and evolution of genomic imprinting and viviparity in mammals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1609 (January 5, 2013): 20120151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0151.

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Genomic imprinting is widespread in eutherian mammals. Marsupial mammals also have genomic imprinting, but in fewer loci. It has long been thought that genomic imprinting is somehow related to placentation and/or viviparity in mammals, although neither is restricted to mammals. Most imprinted genes are expressed in the placenta. There is no evidence for genomic imprinting in the egg-laying monotreme mammals, despite their short-lived placenta that transfers nutrients from mother to embryo. Post natal genomic imprinting also occurs, especially in the brain. However, little attention has been pa

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Zhang, Xuzhe, Mihaela Pavlicev, Helen N. Jones, and Louis J. Muglia. "Eutherian-Specific Gene TRIML2 Attenuates Inflammation in the Evolution of Placentation." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz238.

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Abstract Evolution of highly invasive placentation in the stem lineage of eutherians and subsequent extension of pregnancy set eutherians apart from other mammals, that is, marsupials with short-lived placentas, and oviparous monotremes. Recent studies suggest that eutherian implantation evolved from marsupial attachment reaction, an inflammatory process induced by the direct contact of fetal placenta with maternal endometrium after the breakdown of the shell coat, and shortly before the onset of parturition. Unique to eutherians, a dramatic downregulation of inflammation after implantation pr

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Fernando, Prithiviraj, and Don J. Melnick. "Molecular sexing eutherian mammals." Molecular Ecology Notes 1, no. 4 (December 2001): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00112.x.

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9

Bedford, JM. "What marsupial gametes disclose about gamete function in eutherian mammals." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 4 (1996): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960569.

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The gametes of eutherian mammals present some fundamental enigmas in regard to their structure and behaviour that have not been solved by a focus on the Eutheria alone. Although the evidence is limited still, some clues are suggested in comparison with representative American and Australian marsupials, whose gametes have undergone parallel, although sometimes quite different, evolutionary changes to those of eutherian mammals. The contrasts between them illuminate basic questions about the functions of the epididymis and sperm capacitation, about sperm numbers and sperm production, about the f

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Goswami, Anjali, Nick Milne, and Stephen Wroe. "Biting through constraints: cranial morphology, disparity and convergence across living and fossil carnivorous mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1713 (November 24, 2010): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2031.

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Carnivory has evolved independently several times in eutherian (including placental) and metatherian (including marsupial) mammals. We used geometric morphometrics to assess convergences associated with the evolution of carnivory across a broad suite of mammals, including the eutherian clades Carnivora and Creodonta and the metatherian clades Thylacoleonidae, Dasyuromorphia, Didelphidae and Borhyaenoidea. We further quantified cranial disparity across eutherians and metatherians to test the hypothesis that the marsupial mode of reproduction has constrained their morphological evolution. This s

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Menzies, B. R., G. Shaw, T. P. Fletcher, A. J. Pask, and M. B. Renfree. "208. Absence of GH-R exon 3 in marsupials and monotremes argues for a eutherian specific origin and fetal specific purpose of this domain." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs208.

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Growth hormone receptor (GH-R) plays a critical role in the control of growth and metabolism in all vertebrates. GH-R consists of 9 coding exons (2–10) in all eutherian mammals, while the chicken only has 8 coding exons, and does not have an orthologous region to eutherian exon 3. To further understand the evolutionary origins of exon 3 of the GH-R we have cloned the full-length GH-R sequence in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby to determine whether exon 3 was present or absent in marsupial liver cDNA. There was no evidence for the presence of an exon 3 containing mRNA in sequence of tammar pouc

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Renfree, Marilyn B., Eleanor I. Ager, Geoff Shaw, and Andrew J. Pask. "Genomic imprinting in marsupial placentation." REPRODUCTION 136, no. 5 (November 2008): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0264.

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Genomic imprinting is a widespread epigenetic phenomenon in eutherian mammals, which regulates many aspects of growth and development. Parental conflict over the degree of maternal nutrient transfer is the favoured hypothesis for the evolution of imprinting. Marsupials, like eutherian mammals, are viviparous but deliver an altricial young after a short gestation supported by a fully functional placenta, so can shed light on the evolution and time of acquisition of genomic imprinting. All orthologues of eutherian imprinted genes examined have a conserved expression in the marsupial placenta reg

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Amann, R. P., and D. N. R. Veeramachaneni. "Cryptorchidism in common eutherian mammals." Reproduction 133, no. 3 (March 2007): 541–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0272.

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Cryptorchidism is failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. Primary fault lies in the testis. We provide a unifying cross-species interpretation of testis descent and urge the use of precise terminology. After differentiation, a testis is relocated to the scrotum in three sequential phases: abdominal translocation, holding a testis near the internal inguinal ring as the abdominal cavity expands away, along with slight downward migration; transinguinal migration, moving a cauda epididymidis and testis through the abdominal wall; and inguinoscrotal migration, moving a s.c. cauda

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LILLEGRAVEN, JASON A., STEVEN D. THOMPSON, BRIAN K. McNAB, and JAMES L. PATTON. "The origin of eutherian mammals." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 32, no. 3 (November 1987): 281–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00434.x.

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15

Fléchon, Jacques-Edmond. "The acrosome of eutherian mammals." Cell and Tissue Research 363, no. 1 (August 15, 2015): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2238-0.

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Archibald;, J. D. "Divergence Times of Eutherian Mammals." Science 285, no. 5436 (September 24, 1999): 2031a—2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5436.2031a.

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17

Dooley, James C., Michaela S. Donaldson, and Leah A. Krubitzer. "Cortical plasticity following stripe rearing in the marsupialMonodelphis domestica: neural response properties of V1." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 566–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00431.2016.

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The functional organization of the primary visual area (V1) and the importance of sensory experience in its normal development have been well documented in eutherian mammals. However, very few studies have investigated the response properties of V1 neurons in another large class of mammals, or whether sensory experience plays a role in shaping their response properties. Thus we reared opossums ( Monodelphis domestica) in normal and vertically striped cages until they reached adulthood. They were then anesthetized using urethane, and electrophysiological techniques were used to examine neuronal

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Messer, M., D. C. Shaw, A. S. Weiss, P. Rissmiller, and M. Griffiths. "Estimation of Divergence Dates for Monotremes From Comparisons of A-Lactalbumin Amino Acid Sequences." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98323.

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cx-Lactalbumins were isolated from milk of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Their amino acid sequences were determined and compared with those of the cx- lactalbumins often eutherian and two marsupial species, using the computer programme ("Distances") to calculate the number of differences (substitutions) between a total of 36 pairs of cx-lactalbumins. As expected, the amino acid sequences of the monotreme cx-lactalbumins were more similar to each other than to those of other mammals, as were the sequences of the marsupial and the eutherian cx-

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Bakker, Anthony J., Ann L. Parkinson, and Stewart I. Head. "Contractile properties of single-skinned skeletal muscle fibres of the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the Australian short-nosed echidna." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 4 (2005): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05011.

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Eutherian mammal fast-twitch muscle fibres share similar contractile activation properties, suggesting that these properties are highly conserved in mammals. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the contractile properties of skeletal muscle from the order Monotremata, a mammalian order that separated from eutherians 150 million years ago. The Ca2+- and Sr2+-activation properties of single mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of the short-nosed echidna were determined. Sigmoidal curves fitted to force response data plotted as a funct

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Polymeropoulos, E. T., G. Heldmaier, P. B. Frappell, B. M. McAllan, K. W. Withers, M. Klingenspor, C. R. White, and M. Jastroch. "Phylogenetic differences of mammalian basal metabolic rate are not explained by mitochondrial basal proton leak." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1726 (June 2011): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0881.

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Metabolic rates of mammals presumably increased during the evolution of endothermy, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying basal metabolic rate (BMR) are still not understood. It has been established that mitochondrial basal proton leak contributes significantly to BMR. Comparative studies among a diversity of eutherian mammals showed that BMR correlates with body mass and proton leak. Here, we studied BMR and mitochondrial basal proton leak in liver of various marsupial species. Surprisingly, we found that the mitochondrial proton leak was greater in marsupials than in eutherians, a

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Moffett, Ashley, and Charlie Loke. "Immunology of placentation in eutherian mammals." Nature Reviews Immunology 6, no. 8 (August 2006): 584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1897.

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22

Ong, Oselyne T. W., Lauren J. Young, and Julie M. Old. "Preliminary genomic survey and sequence analysis of the complement system in non-eutherian mammals." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 1 (2016): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15036.

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The complement system is a major mediator of the vertebrate immune system, which functions in both innate and specific immune responses. It comprises more than 30 proteins working to remove foreign cells by way of anaphylatoxins, opsonins or the membrane attack complex. Over the last few years, whole genome sequences of non-eutherian mammals (marsupials and a monotreme), the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), have become publicly ava

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Greenwood, PJ, C. Seamer, and DJ Tisdall. "Cloning, sequencing and expression of stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) cDNA of brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 4 (1996): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960789.

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By means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), three stem cell factor (SCF) cDNAs (822-738 bp in size) were amplified from brushtail possum ovarian poly (A)+ RNA. The largest and smallest of these cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. Characterization of these cDNAs has revealed that possum SCF has approximately 75% and 66% homology to SCF of eutherian mammals at the nucleotide level and the predicted amino acid level respectively. Nucleotide sequencing shows that the 738-bp cDNA represents an mRNA splice variant, equivalent to that found in eutherian mammals, in which an exo

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Frankenberg, S., A. J. Pask, and M. B. Renfree. "259. Pluripotency genes in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs259.

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Markers of pluripotency and early differentiation in the early embryo have been extensively characterised in eutherian species, most notably the mouse. By comparison, mechanisms controlling pluripotency and early lineage specification have received surprisingly little attention in marsupials, which represent the second major infraclass of mammals. Early marsupial embryogenesis exhibits overt morphological differences to that of eutherians, however the underlying developmental mechanisms may be conserved. In order to characterise early marsupial development at the molecular level, we have ident

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McGaugh, Suzanne, and Tonia S. Schwartz. "Here and there, but not everywhere: repeated loss of uncoupling protein 1 in amniotes." Biology Letters 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 20160749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0749.

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Endothermy is an evolutionary innovation in eutherian mammals and birds. In eutherian mammals, UCP1 is a key protein in adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). Although ucp1 arose early in the vertebrate lineage, the loss of ucp1 was previously documented in several reptile species (including birds). Here we determine that ucp1 was lost at the base of the reptile lineage, as we fail to find ucp1 in every major reptile lineage. Furthermore, though UCP1 plays a key role in mammalian NST, we confirm that pig has lost several exons from ucp1 and conclude that pig is not a sole outlier as the on

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Dos Santos, Sandra E., Jairo Porfirio, Felipe B. da Cunha, Paul R. Manger, William Tavares, Leila Pessoa, Mary Ann Raghanti, Chet C. Sherwood, and Suzana Herculano-Houzel. "Cellular Scaling Rules for the Brains of Marsupials: Not as “Primitive” as Expected." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 89, no. 1 (2017): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452856.

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In the effort to understand the evolution of mammalian brains, we have found that common relationships between brain structure mass and numbers of nonneuronal (glial and vascular) cells apply across eutherian mammals, but brain structure mass scales differently with numbers of neurons across structures and across primate and nonprimate clades. This suggests that the ancestral scaling rules for mammalian brains are those shared by extant nonprimate eutherians - but do these scaling relationships apply to marsupials, a sister group to eutherians that diverged early in mammalian evolution? Here w

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Enciso, María, Stephen D. Johnston, and Jaime Gosálvez. "Differential resistance of mammalian sperm chromatin to oxidative stress as assessed by a two-tailed comet assay." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, no. 5 (2011): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd10269.

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Protamines of eutherian species are cysteine-rich molecules that become cross-linked by disulfide bonds during epididymal transit, whereas the protamines of most marsupial species lack cysteine residuals. The present study made use of the differences in protamine structure between eutherian and metatherian mammal spermatozoa to examine the comparative resistance of sperm DNA to oxidative damage in three eutherian species (Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, Sus domesticus) and three metatherian species (Vombatus ursinus, Phascolarctos cinereus, Macropus giganteus). Sperm DNA fragmentation of samples e

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Shevchenko, A. I., I. S. Zakharova, and S. M. Zakian. "The Evolutionary Pathway of X Chromosome Inactivation in Mammals." Acta Naturae 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2013-5-2-40-53.

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X chromosome inactivation is a complex process that occurs in marsupial and eutherian mammals. The process is thought to have arisen during the differentiation of mammalian sex chromosomes to achieve an equal dosage of X chromosome genes in males and females. The differences in the X chromosome inactivation processes in marsupial and eutherian mammals are considered, and the hypotheses on its origin and evolution are discussed in this review.

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Bartkowska, Katarzyna, Beata Tepper, Krzysztof Turlejski, and Ruzanna Djavadian. "Postnatal and Adult Neurogenesis in Mammals, Including Marsupials." Cells 11, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11172735.

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In mammals, neurogenesis occurs during both embryonic and postnatal development. In eutherians, most brain structures develop embryonically; conversely, in marsupials, a number of brain structures develop after birth. The exception is the generation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum of eutherian species. The formation of these structures starts during embryogenesis and continues postnatally. In both eutherians and marsupials, neurogenesis continues in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation th

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Hunter, R. H. F. "Components of oviduct physiology in eutherian mammals." Biological Reviews 87, no. 1 (August 23, 2011): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00196.x.

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Carter, A. M., and A. Mess. "Evolution of the Placenta in Eutherian Mammals." Placenta 28, no. 4 (April 2007): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2006.04.010.

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Fléchon, Jacques-Edmond. "Erratum to: The acrosome of eutherian mammals." Cell and Tissue Research 363, no. 1 (October 24, 2015): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2308-3.

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Capellini, Isabella, Charles L. Nunn, and Robert A. Barton. "Microparasites and Placental Invasiveness in Eutherian Mammals." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2015): e0132563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132563.

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Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol, Richard C. Fox, and Craig S. Scott. "Species composition of the Late Cretaceous eutherian mammal Paranyctoides Fox." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 7 (July 2013): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0184.

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Although the known record of Mesozoic eutherian mammals has been significantly enriched in recent years, early eutherian evolution is still not well understood. Among the more controversial of Mesozoic eutherians is Paranyctoides Fox, which was described in 1979 from the Judithian Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada. It is a rare taxon and therefore has been identified in only a few other North American Late Cretaceous local faunas since. Within the past decade, dental and gnathic remains discovered in Central Asia have also been referred to Paranyctoides, thereby expanding the geographic

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Prasad, G. V. R., and M. Godinot. "Eutherian tarsal bones from the Late Cretaceous of India." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 4 (July 1994): 892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026342.

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Eutherian tarsal bones of Late Cretaceous age are reported for the first time from sedimentary beds intercalated with the Deccan Traps of peninsular India. The tarsal bones, represented mainly by calcanea and astragali, occur in association with dental elements of palaeoryctid mammals: Deccanolestes hislopi Prasad and Sahni and D. robustus Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria. Two size variants in the tarsals correlate well with the teeth of D. hislopi and D. robustus. Morphologically, the tarsal complex of Deccanolestes is quite different from that of other Cretaceous eutherians fo

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Kress, A. "A comparison of oocyte organelles in Monodelphis domestica with those of other marsupials and eutherians." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 4 (1996): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960521.

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This paper reviews the current knowledge of oocyte cytology in marsupials, particularly Monodelphis domestica, and eutherian mammals. Some of the conspicuous features will be described and their function discussed. Despite many fundamental similarities between the oocytes of eutherian mammals and marsupials, some aspects are different (e.g. growth pattern, final size, timetable of cytoplasmic maturation and utilization of storage material during early cleavage stages), when most of the vesicles are extruded into the perivitelline space in marsupials.

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Witton, C. J., K. Swann, J. Carroll, and H. D. M. Moore. "Injection of a boar sperm factor causes calcium oscillations in oocytes of the marsupial opossum, Monodelphis domestica." Zygote 7, no. 4 (November 1999): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199499000660.

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At fertilisation, the sperm triggers an abrupt and transient increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in the oocyte cytoplasm. In eutherian mammals, oocytes exhibit multiple [Ca2+]i transients which are necessary for egg activation. We investigated [Ca2+]i in the marsupial opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Embryo development in this therian mammal is quite distinct from that in most Eutheria. Oestrus was induced in an adult female opossum by introduction of a male into her cage. Injection of a boar sperm extract induced repetitive increases in [Ca2+]i. Each oscillation travelled across and ar

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Davies, Thomas W., Mark A. Bell, Anjali Goswami, and Thomas J. D. Halliday. "Completeness of the eutherian mammal fossil record and implications for reconstructing mammal evolution through the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction." Paleobiology 43, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.20.

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AbstractThere is a well-established discrepancy between paleontological and molecular data regarding the timing of the origin and diversification of placental mammals. Molecular estimates place interordinal diversification dates in the Cretaceous, while no unambiguous crown placental fossils have been found prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Here, the completeness of the eutherian fossil record through geological time is evaluated to assess the suggestion that a poor fossil record is largely responsible for the difference in estimates of placental origins. The completeness of fossil

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Dacheux, Jean-Louis, Francoise Dacheux, Valerie Labas, Heath Ecroyd, Brett Nixon, and Russell C. Jones. "New proteins identified in epididymal fluid from the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09091.

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The platypus epididymal proteome is being studied because epididymal proteins are essential for male fertility in mammals and it is considered that knowledge of the epididymal proteome in an early mammal would be informative in assessing the convergence and divergence of proteins that are important in the function of the mammalian epididymis. Few of the epididymal proteins that have been identified in eutherian mammals were found in platypus caudal epididymal fluid, and the major epididymal proteins in the platypus (PXN-FBPL, SPARC and E-OR20) have never been identified in the epididymis of an

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McKenzie, LM, and DW Cooper. "Low MHC class II variability in a marsupial." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 6 (1994): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940721.

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci have been shown to be highly polymorphic in most eutherian ('placental') species studied. Several hypotheses have been advanced for the maintenance of this exceptional level of genetic variation, one of which suggests that it is necessary for successful eutherian reproduction. Marsupials (metatherians) and eutherians are the only two groups of viviparous mammals, but their modes of reproduction are quite distinct. Although marsupials have placentae, they are generally shorter lived and less invasive than in eutherians. Other investigations have s

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Rohozinski, Jan. "Lineage-independent retrotransposition of UTP14 associated with male fertility has occurred multiple times throughout mammalian evolution." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (December 2017): 171049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171049.

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In mammals, gamete production is essential for reproductive success. This is particularly true for males where large quantities of sperm are produced to fertilize a limited number of eggs released by the female. Because of this, new genes associated with increased spermatogenic efficiency have been accumulating throughout the evolution of therian mammals. Many of these new genes are testis-specific retrotransposed copies of housekeeping genes located on the X chromosome. Of particular interest are retrotransposed copies of UTP14 that are present in many distantly related eutherian mammals. Ana

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Hopson, James A. "Synapsid Evolution and the Radiation of Non-Eutherian Mammals." Short Courses in Paleontology 7 (1994): 190–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s247526300000132x.

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The Synapsida is the mammal-like ramus of the Amniota, the sister group of the Sauropsida (or Reptilia of Gauthier et al., 1988). Synapsids are characterized by the possession of a lateral temporal fenestra (Fig. 1A), among other features (see Gauthier, this volume). Of all the great transitions between major structural grades within vertebrates, the transition from basal amniotes to basal mammals is represented by the most complete and continuous fossil record, extending from the Middle Pennsylvanian to the Late Triassic and spanning some 75 to 100 million years. Structural evolution of parti

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Jolly, SE, GA Morriss, S. Scobie, and PE Cowan. "Composition of Milk of the Common Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus Vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae): Concentrations of Elements." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 5 (1996): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960479.

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The concentrations of 11 elements (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, strontium, sulphur and zinc) were measured in milk samples collected from 193 lactating brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula, at all stages of lactation. Most elements showed patterns of change during lactation similar to those of other marsupials. The most marked changes occurred at about 80-120 days, when the growth rate of the pouch young increased and developmental changes took place, such as eye opening and fur growth. Compared with eutherians, copper and iron concentrations

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Watson, JM. "Monotreme Genetics and Cytology and a Model for Sex-Chromosome Evolution." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 3 (1989): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890385.

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The protherian mammals consist of three species: the platypus, the Australian echidna and the Niugini echidna. These mammals diverged from the therian line of descent about 150-200 million years ago; hence comparisons of gene arrangements and gene control mechanisms between prototherian and therian mammals may yield significant data about gene rearrangements during mammalian evolution and about the evolution of complex genetic control systems. The chromosome complements of the three monotreme species are highly conserved. In particular, the X (or X1) chromosomes are G-band identical and share

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Temple-Smith, PD. "Comparative structure and function of marsupial spermatozoa." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 4 (1994): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940421.

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Marsupial sperm structure has been the focus of many comparative studies in the last 30 years. Although the basic organization of the marsupial spermatozoon is similar to that of eutherian mammals, spermatozoa from this branch of therian evolution have developed a specific suite of characters which clearly distinguish them from the Eutheria. This review surveys these specializations and examines current knowledge on their respective functions and the forces which shaped their evolution. Nuclear shaping and stability, the asymmetric positioning of the acrosome, and the unusual neck articulation

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Deakin, Janine E. "Marsupial X chromosome inactivation: past, present and future." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 1 (2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12113.

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Marsupial and eutherian mammals inactivate one X chromosome in female somatic cells in what is thought to be a means of compensating for the unbalanced X chromosome dosage between XX females and XY males. The hypothesis of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was first published by Mary Lyon just over 50 years ago, with the discovery of XCI in marsupials occurring a decade later. However, we are still piecing together the evolutionary origins of this fascinating epigenetic mechanism. From the very first studies on marsupial X inactivation, it was apparent that, although there were some similarities

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KIELAN-JAWOROWSKA, ZOFIA, and DEMBERLYIN DASHZEVEG. "Eutherian mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia." Zoologica Scripta 18, no. 2 (April 1989): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1989.tb00460.x.

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Gilissen, Emmanuel. "Scaling patterns of interhemispheric connectivity in eutherian mammals." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 1 (February 2006): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06269012.

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Because network scaling costs tend to limit absolute brain size, Striedter suggests that large cetacean brains must have evolved some novel ways to cope with these costs. A new analysis of available data shows that the scaling pattern of interhemispheric connectivity in cetaceans is isometric and differs from that observed in terrestrial mammals.

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Langer, Peter. "The phases of maternal investment in eutherian mammals." Zoology 111, no. 2 (March 2008): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2007.06.007.

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Liu, F. G. R. "Molecular and Morphological Supertrees for Eutherian (Placental) Mammals." Science 291, no. 5509 (March 2, 2001): 1786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1056346.

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