Zeitschriftenartikel: „Evolutionary ecotoxicology“

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Coutellec, Marie-Agnès, und Carlos Barata. „An introduction to evolutionary processes in ecotoxicology“. Ecotoxicology 20, Nr. 3 (18.03.2011): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0637-x.

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Straub, Lars, Verena Strobl und Peter Neumann. „The need for an evolutionary approach to ecotoxicology“. Nature Ecology & Evolution 4, Nr. 7 (23.04.2020): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1194-6.

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Kimberly, David A., und Christopher J. Salice. „Evolutionary responses to climate change and contaminants: Evidence and experimental approaches“. Current Zoology 61, Nr. 4 (01.08.2015): 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.690.

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Abstract A fundamental objective within ecotoxicology lies in understanding and predicting effects of contaminants. This objective is made more challenging when global climate change is considered as an environmental stress that co-occurs with contaminant exposure. In this multi-stressor context, evolutionary processes are particularly important. In this paper, we consider several non-”omic” approaches wherein evolutionary responses to stress have been studied and discuss those amenable to a multiple stressor context. Specifically, we discuss common-garden designs, artificial and quasi-natural selection, and the estimation of adaptive potential using quantitative genetics as methods for studying evolutionary responses to contaminants and climate change in the absence of expensive molecular tools. While all approaches shed light on potential evolutionary impacts of stressor exposure, they also have limitations. These include logistical constraints, difficulty extrapolating to real systems, and responses tied strongly to specific taxa, populations, and/or testing conditions. The most effective way to lessen these inherent limitations is likely through inclusion of complementary physiological and molecular tools, when available. We believe that an evolutionary context to the study of contaminants and global climate change is a high priority in ecotoxicology and we outline methods that can be implemented by almost any researcher but will also provide valuable insights.

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Brady, Steven P., Jonathan L. Richardson und Bethany K. Kunz. „Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species“. Evolutionary Applications 10, Nr. 8 (September 2017): 829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12507.

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Jansen, Mieke, Anja Coors, Robby Stoks und Luc De Meester. „Evolutionary ecotoxicology of pesticide resistance: a case study in Daphnia“. Ecotoxicology 20, Nr. 3 (05.03.2011): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0627-z.

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Hammond, John I., Devin K. Jones, Patrick R. Stephens und Rick A. Relyea. „Phylogeny meets ecotoxicology: evolutionary patterns of sensitivity to a common insecticide“. Evolutionary Applications 5, Nr. 6 (23.01.2012): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00237.x.

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Poynton, Helen C., Simone Hasenbein, Joshua B. Benoit, Maria S. Sepulveda, Monica F. Poelchau, Daniel S. T. Hughes, Shwetha C. Murali et al. „The Toxicogenome ofHyalella azteca: A Model for Sediment Ecotoxicology and Evolutionary Toxicology“. Environmental Science & Technology 52, Nr. 10 (10.04.2018): 6009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00837.

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Perrot-Minnot, Marie-Jeanne, Camille-Sophie Cozzarolo, Omar Amin, Daniel Barčák, Alexandre Bauer, Vlatka Filipović Marijić, Martín García-Varela et al. „Hooking the scientific community on thorny-headed worms: interesting and exciting facts, knowledge gaps and perspectives for research directions on Acanthocephala“. Parasite 30 (2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023026.

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Although interest in Acanthocephala seems to have reached only a small community of researchers worldwide, we show in this opinion article that this group of parasites is composed of excellent model organisms for studying key questions in parasite molecular biology and cytogenetics, evolutionary ecology, and ecotoxicology. Their shared ancestry with free-living rotifers makes them an ideal group to explore the origins of the parasitic lifestyle and evolutionary drivers of host shifts and environmental transitions. They also provide useful features in the quest to decipher the proximate mechanisms of parasite-induced phenotypic alterations and better understand the evolution of behavioral manipulation. From an applied perspective, acanthocephalans’ ability to accumulate contaminants offers useful opportunities to monitor the impacts – and evaluate the possible mitigation – of anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic fauna and develop the environmental parasitology framework. However, exploring these exciting research avenues will require connecting fragmentary knowledge by enlarging the taxonomic coverage of molecular and phenotypic data. In this opinion paper, we highlight the needs and opportunities of research on Acanthocephala in three main directions: (i) integrative taxonomy (including non-molecular tools) and phylogeny-based comparative analysis; (ii) ecology and evolution of life cycles, transmission strategies and host ranges; and (iii) environmental issues related to global changes, including ecotoxicology. In each section, the most promising ideas and developments are presented based on selected case studies, with the goal that the present and future generations of parasitologists further explore and increase knowledge of Acanthocephala.

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RÜBENSAM, Gabriel. „REVIEW IN GEOCHEMISTRY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY OF LEAD, COPPER, CHROME AND ZINC METALS“. Periódico Tchê Química 01, Nr. 1 (20.01.2004): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v1.n01.2004.janeiro/7_pgs_36_51.pdf.

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The presence of metals in the environment has been linked to the evolutionary processes of man and nature. Its influence on biochemical mechanisms in organisms has been proven by numerous studies in recent years. However, due to the influences of anthropogenic activities, the presence of important amounts of metals has been found mainly in the regions close to the metal manufacturing industries, causing a local geochemical alteration, aggravated by natural factors such as rainfall, contaminating all levels of the chain trophic region.

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Weltje, Lennart. „Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecotoxicology: On the Correspondence Between Reaction Norms and Concentration–Response Curves“. Ecotoxicology 12, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2003): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ectx.0000003039.66653.db.

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Bourret, Vincent, Patrice Couture, Peter G. C. Campbell und Louis Bernatchez. „Evolutionary ecotoxicology of wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations chronically exposed to a polymetallic gradient“. Aquatic Toxicology 86, Nr. 1 (Januar 2008): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.10.003.

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Dallinger, Reinhard, und Martina Höckner. „Evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology: tracing the genetic background of differential cadmium sensitivities in invertebrate lineages“. Ecotoxicology 22, Nr. 5 (11.04.2013): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1071-z.

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Jeong, Chang-Bum, Hui-Su Kim, Hye-Min Kang und Jae-Seong Lee. „ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins in aquatic invertebrates: Evolutionary significance and application in marine ecotoxicology“. Aquatic Toxicology 185 (April 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.01.013.

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Pertoldi, C., L. A. Bach, J. C. Svenning, C. Damgaard und M. Bayley. „Contributions from population genetics to ecotoxicology and stress ecology in light of transformation to the population genomic era“. Archives of Biological Sciences 64, Nr. 2 (2012): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202557p.

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With the advent of the genomic era, which has partly been driven by advances in stress ecology, there is enormous growth in molecular and computer simulation techniques. Here we propose combining some of these techniques to give more elaborate risk assessments that include the effects of population variation in genotypes, phenotypes, and the way they link to aspects of life history and adaptive potential. We focused on ways to ascertain whether phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary responses constitute the basis for observed stress responses, as well as on the extrapolation problem, i.e. how do responses under controlled conditions correspond to those observed in natural ecological populations or in evolutionary end-points of interest? Additionally, we discuss the ways to integrate environmental variability into risk analysis and pest control predictions that include gene-environment interactions, focusing also on the importance of erosion of genetic diversity by toxic stressors to the risk of population extinction.

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Vucinic, Marijana. „Role of etology in detecting environmental pollutants that affect changes in animal behaviour“. Veterinarski glasnik 59, Nr. 3-4 (2005): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0504485v.

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A large number of chemical pollutants originating from industrial agricultural and urban through the direct or indirect disruption of endocrine gland and hormone function. That is why these pollutants are known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). By disrupting endocrine function, the EDC change certain forms of animal behaviour. This is why a direct link can be established between etology, as a scientific discipline that studied the role, function, ontogenetic and evolutionary development of behaviour from the aspect of the animal's adaption to living conditions, and ecotoxicology. In this mutual connection, the role of etology is to identify changes in animal behaviour which will serve as the first bioindicator of the presence of EDC in a certain environment, and before the occurrence of organic changes that could have lethal consequences.

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Schmidt, Hanno, Sören Lukas Hellmann, Ann-Marie Waldvogel, Barbara Feldmeyer, Thomas Hankeln und Markus Pfenninger. „A High-Quality Genome Assembly from Short and Long Reads for the Non-biting Midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera)“. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, Nr. 4 (14.02.2020): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400710.

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Chironomus riparius is of great importance as a study species in various fields like ecotoxicology, molecular genetics, developmental biology and ecology. However, only a fragmented draft genome exists to date, hindering the recent rush of population genomic studies in this species. Making use of 50 NGS datasets, we present a hybrid genome assembly from short and long sequence reads that make C. riparius’ genome one of the most contiguous Dipteran genomes published, the first complete mitochondrial genome of the species, and the respective recombination rate among the first insect recombination rates at all. The genome assembly and associated resources will be highly valuable to the broad community working with dipterans in general and chironomids in particular. The estimated recombination rate will help evolutionary biologists gaining a better understanding of commonalities and differences of genomic patterns in insects.

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Stefani, F., M. Rusconi, S. Valsecchi und L. Marziali. „Evolutionary ecotoxicology of perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) inferred from multigenerational exposure: A case study with Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae)“. Aquatic Toxicology 156 (November 2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.07.020.

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Klerks, Paul L., Lingtian Xie und Jeffrey S. Levinton. „Quantitative genetics approaches to study evolutionary processes in ecotoxicology; a perspective from research on the evolution of resistance“. Ecotoxicology 20, Nr. 3 (29.03.2011): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0640-2.

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Reid, Noah M., und Andrew Whitehead. „Functional genomics to assess biological responses to marine pollution at physiological and evolutionary timescales: toward a vision of predictive ecotoxicology“. Briefings in Functional Genomics 15, Nr. 5 (22.12.2015): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elv060.

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Maes, G. E., J. A. M. Raeymaekers, C. Pampoulie, A. Seynaeve, G. Goemans, C. Belpaire und F. A. M. Volckaert. „The catadromous European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) as a model for freshwater evolutionary ecotoxicology: Relationship between heavy metal bioaccumulation, condition and genetic variability“. Aquatic Toxicology 73, Nr. 1 (Juni 2005): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.01.010.

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Venancio, L. P. R., D. A. P. C. Zuccari und C. R. Bonini-Domingos. „Thesis Abstract Geoffroy's side-necked turtle [Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812), Testudines: Chelidae] as a model for evolutionary ecotoxicology: relationship between environmental contamination, conditions and genetic variability“. Genetics and Molecular Research 12, Nr. 4 (2013): 6858–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2013.december.19.4.

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Takehana, Yusuke, Margot Zahm, Cédric Cabau, Christophe Klopp, Céline Roques, Olivier Bouchez, Cécile Donnadieu et al. „Genome Sequence of the Euryhaline Javafish Medaka, Oryzias javanicus: A Small Aquarium Fish Model for Studies on Adaptation to Salinity“. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, Nr. 3 (27.01.2020): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400725.

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The genus Oryzias consists of 35 medaka-fish species each exhibiting various ecological, morphological and physiological peculiarities and adaptations. Beyond of being a comprehensive phylogenetic group for studying intra-genus evolution of several traits like sex determination, behavior, morphology or adaptation through comparative genomic approaches, all medaka species share many advantages of experimental model organisms including small size and short generation time, transparent embryos and genome editing tools for reverse and forward genetic studies. The Java medaka, Oryzias javanicus, is one of the two species of medaka perfectly adapted for living in brackish/sea-waters. Being an important component of the mangrove ecosystem, O. javanicus is also used as a valuable marine test-fish for ecotoxicology studies. Here, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of O. javanicus, and anticipate this resource will be catalytic for a wide range of comparative genomic, phylogenetic and functional studies. Complementary sequencing approaches including long-read technology and data integration with a genetic map allowed the final assembly of 908 Mbp of the O. javanicus genome. Further analyses estimate that the O. javanicus genome contains 33% of repeat sequences and has a heterozygosity of 0.96%. The achieved draft assembly contains 525 scaffolds with a total length of 809.7 Mbp, a N50 of 6,3 Mbp and a L50 of 37 scaffolds. We identified 21454 predicted transcripts for a total transcriptome size of 57, 146, 583 bps. We provide here a high-quality chromosome scale draft genome assembly of the euryhaline Javafish medaka (321 scaffolds anchored on 24 chromosomes (representing 97.7% of the total bases)), and give emphasis on the evolutionary adaptation to salinity.

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Liu, Yang, Chen Du, Chenwen Lin, Xinming Gao, Junquan Zhu und Chundan Zhang. „Characterization of Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Activity on Phascolosoma esculenta (Sipuncula: Phascolosomatidea) and Its Protection from Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 20 (12.10.2022): 12136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012136.

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Phascolosoma esculenta, an economically important species inhabiting the high tide areas of the intertidal zone, is particularly sensitive to water pollution. Considering its potential as a bioindicator, studies on the ecotoxicology of P. esculenta are imperative. The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) were analyzed by exposing P. esculenta to different concentrations of Cd (6, 24, 96 mg/L). In this study, the changes in the antioxidative indexes of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and microscale malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is one of the most important free radical scavenging members. To reveal the antioxidative function of P. esculenta, an important member of the antioxidative system, designated Pe-Cu/Zn SOD, was cloned and analyzed. Phylogenic analysis revealed that Pe-Cu/Zn SOD was located in the invertebrate evolutionary branch of intracellular Cu/Zn SOD (icCu/Zn SOD). The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that Pe-Cu/Zn SOD messenger ribonucleic acid was widely expressed in all tissues examined. The highest expression levels in coelomic fluid after Cd exposure indicated its function in the stress response. Using a prokaryotic expression system, we obtained a Pe-Cu/Zn SOD recombinant protein, which enhanced the heavy metal tolerance of Escherichia coli. In vivo assays also confirmed that the Pe-Cu/Zn SOD recombinant protein had an antioxidative and free radical scavenging ability. A Cd toxicity experiment, in which purified Pe-Cu/Zn SOD protein was injected into the body cavities of P. esculenta, showed that the reactive oxygen species content in the coelomic fluid of the experimental group was significantly lower compared with the control group. These results suggest that Pe-Cu/Zn SOD played a role in Cd detoxification by chelating heavy metal ions and scavenging reactive oxygen free radicals, and that P. esculenta could be used as a bioindicator to evaluate heavy metal pollution.

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Rodríguez-Romero, Araceli, Javier R. Viguri und Piero Calosi. „Acquiring an evolutionary perspective in marine ecotoxicology to tackle emerging concerns in a rapidly changing ocean“. Science of The Total Environment, Oktober 2020, 142816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142816.

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Brooks, Bryan W., Sanne van den Berg, David A. Dreier, Carlie A. LaLone, Stewart F. Owen, Sandy Raimondo und Xiaowei Zhang. „Towards Precision Ecotoxicology: Leveraging Evolutionary Conservation of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Targets to Understand Adverse Outcomes Across Species and Life Stages“. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 03.10.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5754.

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AbstractEnvironmental science aims to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services, and our future ability to do that relies on a developing a precision ecotoxicology approach where we leverage the genetics and informatics of species to better understand and manage the risks of global pollution. A little over a decade ago, a workshop focusing on the risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment identified a priority research question, “What can be learned about the evolutionary conservation of PPCP targets across species and life stages in the context of potential adverse outcomes and effects?” Here we review the activities in this area over the past decade, consider prospects of more recent developments, and identify future research needs to develop next generation approaches for PPCPs and other global chemicals and waste challenges.

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Ebert, Dieter. „Daphnia as a versatile model system in ecology and evolution“. EvoDevo 13, Nr. 1 (08.08.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13227-022-00199-0.

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AbstractWater fleas of the genus Daphnia have been a model system for hundreds of years and is among the best studied ecological model organisms to date. Daphnia are planktonic crustaceans with a cyclic parthenogenetic life-cycle. They have a nearly worldwide distribution, inhabiting standing fresh- and brackish water bodies, from small temporary pools to large lakes. Their predominantly asexual reproduction allows for the study of phenotypes excluding genetic variation, enabling us to separate genetic from non-genetic effects. Daphnia are often used in studies related to ecotoxicology, predator-induced defence, host–parasite interactions, phenotypic plasticity and, increasingly, in evolutionary genomics. The most commonly studied species are Daphnia magna and D. pulex, for which a rapidly increasing number of genetic and genomic tools are available. Here, I review current research topics, where the Daphnia model system plays a critical role.

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Martens, Koen, Michael Shribak, Irina Arkhipova und Isa Schön. „The common morphospecies Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. MÜLLER, 1776) (Crustacea, Ostracoda) is not an obligate parthenogen“. Belgian Journal of Zoology 153 (19.01.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.26496/bjz.2023.107.

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The common non-marine ostracod Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. Müller, 1776) is used as a proxy in various biological disciplines, such as (palaeo-)ecology, evolutionary biology, ecotoxicology and parasitology. This morphospecies was considered to be an obligate parthenogen. We report on the discovery of the first population of C. vidua with males from Woods Hole (MA, USA) and determine that it is a population with mixed reproduction. We describe the morphology of the males and of the sexual and asexual females. We illustrate a copula of a male and a sexual female as well insemination in a sexual female, showing that males are functional. Therefore, Cypridopsis vidua is a morphospecies with mixed reproduction, not a full apomictic parthenogen. We use, for the first time, polychromatic polarization microscope technology to illustrate soft parts of ostracods. In addition, we compare the sexual species C. bisexualis, C. okeechobei, C. howei and C. schwartzi and conclude that these species, especially the latter three, are morphologically very close to C. vidua.

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Lavaud, Romain, Ramón Filgueira und Starrlight Augustine. „The role of Dynamic Energy Budgets in conservation physiology“. Conservation Physiology 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab083.

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Abstract The contribution of knowledge, concepts and perspectives from physiological ecology to conservation decision-making has become critical for understanding and acting upon threats to the persistence of sensitive species. Here we review applications of dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory to conservation issues and discuss how this theory for metabolic organization of all life on earth (from bacteria to whales) is well equipped to support current and future investigations in conservation research. DEB theory was first invented in 1979 in an applied institution for environmental quality assessment and mitigation. The theory has since undergone extensive development and applications. An increasing number of studies using DEB modelling have provided valuable insights and predictions in areas that pertain to conservation such as species distribution, evolutionary biology, toxicological impacts and ecosystem management. We discuss why DEB theory, through its mechanistic nature, its universality and the wide range of outcomes it can provide represents a valuable tool to tackle some of the current and future challenges linked to maintaining biodiversity, ensuring species survival, ecotoxicology, setting water and soil quality standards and restoring ecosystem structure and functioning in a changing environment under the pressure of anthropogenic driven changes.

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Wattier, Remi, Tomasz Mamos, Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu, Mišel Jelić, Anthony Ollivier, Arnaud Chaumot, Michael Danger et al. „Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda)“. Scientific Reports 10, Nr. 1 (06.10.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73739-0.

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Abstract Traditional morphological diagnoses of taxonomic status remain widely used while an increasing number of studies show that one morphospecies might hide cryptic diversity, i.e. lineages with unexpectedly high molecular divergence. This hidden diversity can reach even tens of lineages, i.e. hyper cryptic diversity. Even well-studied model-organisms may exhibit overlooked cryptic diversity. Such is the case of the freshwater crustacean amphipod model taxon Gammarus fossarum. It is extensively used in both applied and basic types of research, including biodiversity assessments, ecotoxicology and evolutionary ecology. Based on COI barcodes of 4926 individuals from 498 sampling sites in 19 European countries, the present paper shows (1) hyper cryptic diversity, ranging from 84 to 152 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, (2) ancient diversification starting already 26 Mya in the Oligocene, and (3) high level of lineage syntopy. Even if hyper cryptic diversity was already documented in G. fossarum, the present study increases its extent fourfold, providing a first continental-scale insight into its geographical distribution and establishes several diversification hotspots, notably south-eastern and central Europe. The challenges of recording hyper cryptic diversity in the future are also discussed.

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Declerck, Steven A. J., und Lisette N. de Senerpont Domis. „Contribution of freshwater metazooplankton to aquatic ecosystem services: an overview“. Hydrobiologia, 23.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05001-9.

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AbstractAlthough its role in the functioning of aquatic systems is widely recognized, the contribution of freshwater metazooplankton (metazoan plankton) to ecosystem services (ES) is seldom considered. Here we aim at providing a first overview of how this group contributes to ecosystem services according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework. We show that although metazooplankton hardly generates any provisioning services, it provides crucial support to the generation of other services. Metazooplankton is important for fisheries because it forms an essential food item for the larval and juvenile stages of most freshwater fish and acts as a trophic link between phytoplankton and microbial communities and the fish community. Through its stoichiometric homeostasis and ability to feed on biochemically complementary food sources it may also act as a buffer against bottom-up effects of nutrient deficiencies in primary producers. Metazooplankton often has a crucial regulatory function by controlling phytoplankton growth and dissolved organic carbon, contributing to the quality of drinking and irrigation water supplies and of the underwater light climate. It provides attractive study material for didactic purposes and some taxa have served as model systems that have considerably aided progress in scientific disciplines, such as ecology, evolutionary biology, ecotoxicology, environmental, and biomedical sciences.

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Gribble, Kristin E. „Brachionus rotifers as a model for investigating dietary and metabolic regulators of aging“. Nutrition and Healthy Aging, 28.11.2020, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nha-200104.

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Because every species has unique attributes relevant to understanding specific aspects of aging, using a diversity of study systems and a comparative biology approach for aging research has the potential to lead to novel discoveries applicable to human health. Monogonont rotifers, a standard model for studies of aquatic ecology, evolutionary biology, and ecotoxicology, have also been used to study lifespan and healthspan for nearly a century. However, because much of this work has been published in the ecology and evolutionary biology literature, it may not be known to the biomedical research community. In this review, we provide an overview of Brachionus rotifers as a model to investigate nutritional and metabolic regulators of aging, with a focus on recent studies of dietary and metabolic pathway manipulation. Rotifers are microscopic, aquatic invertebrates with many advantages as a system for studying aging, including a two-week lifespan, easy laboratory culture, direct development without a larval stage, sexual and asexual reproduction, easy delivery of pharmaceuticals in liquid culture, and transparency allowing imaging of cellular morphology and processes. Rotifers have greater gene homology with humans than do established invertebrate models for aging, and thus rotifers may be used to investigate novel genetic mechanisms relevant to human lifespan and healthspan. The research on caloric restriction; dietary, pharmaceutical, and genetic interventions; and transcriptomics of aging using rotifers provide insights into the metabolic regulators of lifespan and health and suggest future directions for aging research. Capitalizing on the unique biology of Brachionus rotifers, referencing the vast existing literature about the influence of diet and drugs on rotifer lifespan and health, continuing the development of genetic tools for rotifers, and growing the rotifer research community will lead to new discoveries a better understanding of the biology of aging.

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Tosto, Nicole M., Emily Rose, Sarah P. Flanagan und Heather D. Mason. „The development of a quantification method for measuring iridescence using sexually selected traits in the Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli)“. Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (20.04.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1127790.

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Reliably quantifying the strength of visual sexual signals, such as iridescence, has been challenging across the field of evolutionary biology, but is critically important for studying biologically relevant trait variation. To address this issue, we present the Iridescence Detection and Isolation Algorithm (IDIA), which was designed to isolate the iridescent signal from photographs for quantification of ornamentation. The Gulf pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli, served as a model system for testing the limits of the algorithm, and was an ideal test case due to their female-specific iridescent bands on their abdomens with a large degree of among-individual variation. Specifically, we tested the repeatability of iridescence estimates in a variety of settings, including manual versus automated measurements, a gradient of lighting intensities, observational data from multiple populations, and in detecting exposure to synthetic estrogen. Using the IDIA, female iridescence was quantified in two ways with results indicating a manual measurement of each individual band may be more reliable than the automated measurement taken by drawing a polygon around all bands. However, the intensity of the lighting the photographs were taken in did not significantly affect repeatability of the measurement of iridescence no matter how it was taken. The IDIA was able to detect geographical variation in female ornamentation of S. scovelli, demonstrating that our automated approach can potentially replicate previously-described population-level variation. Differences in the iridescent signal were significant when comparing female pipefish from the Florida coast to females collected from the Texas coast, indicating the possibility that external factors, such as differing environmental conditions, could affect the strength of female visual signals. Lastly, the IDIA was applied in an ecotoxicology application to detect the development of iridescence in male pipefish exposed to synthetic estrogen. Exposed males began expressing banding patterns with iridescence levels within the range of females. The results from this study confirm the feasibility of using the IDIA for measuring iridescence in fish across a variety of applications.

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Dong, Nancy, Julia Bandura, Zhaolei Zhang, Yan Wang, Karine Labadie, Benjamin Noel, Angus Davison et al. „Ion channel profiling of the Lymnaea stagnalis ganglia via transcriptome analysis“. BMC Genomics 22, Nr. 1 (06.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07287-2.

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Abstract Background The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis) has been widely used as a model organism in neurobiology, ecotoxicology, and parasitology due to the relative simplicity of its central nervous system (CNS). However, its usefulness is restricted by a limited availability of transcriptome data. While sequence information for the L. stagnalis CNS transcripts has been obtained from EST libraries and a de novo RNA-seq assembly, the quality of these assemblies is limited by a combination of low coverage of EST libraries, the fragmented nature of de novo assemblies, and lack of reference genome. Results In this study, taking advantage of the recent availability of a preliminary L. stagnalis genome, we generated an RNA-seq library from the adult L. stagnalis CNS, using a combination of genome-guided and de novo assembly programs to identify 17,832 protein-coding L. stagnalis transcripts. We combined our library with existing resources to produce a transcript set with greater sequence length, completeness, and diversity than previously available ones. Using our assembly and functional domain analysis, we profiled L. stagnalis CNS transcripts encoding ion channels and ionotropic receptors, which are key proteins for CNS function, and compared their sequences to other vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Interestingly, L. stagnalis transcripts encoding numerous putative Ca2+ channels showed the most sequence similarity to those of Mus musculus, Danio rerio, Xenopus tropicalis, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that many calcium channel-related signaling pathways may be evolutionarily conserved. Conclusions Our study provides the most thorough characterization to date of the L. stagnalis transcriptome and provides insights into differences between vertebrates and invertebrates in CNS transcript diversity, according to function and protein class. Furthermore, this study provides a complete characterization of the ion channels of Lymnaea stagnalis, opening new avenues for future research on fundamental neurobiological processes in this model system.

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Evolutionary ecotoxicology“

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