Thematische Bibliographien / Exclusive access

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Exclusive access“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 21. Juni 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Exclusive access"

Locksley, Gareth. "From exclusive rights to access charges." Utilities Policy 4, no. 3 (1994): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1787(91)90093-k.

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Dror, Moshe, Bruce Hartman, Gary Knotts, and Daniel Zeng. "Randomized distributed access to mutually exclusive resources." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2005, no. 1 (2005): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jamds.2005.1.

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Many systems consist of a set of agents which must acquire exclusive access to resources from a shared pool. Coordination of agents in such systems is often implemented in the form of a centralized mechanism. The intervention of this type of mechanism, however, typically introduces significant computational overhead and reduces the amount of concurrent activity. Alternatives to centralized mechanisms exist, but they generally suffer from the need for extensive interagent communication. In this paper, we develop a randomized approach to make multiagent resource-allocation decisions with the objective of maximizing expected concurrency measured by the number of the active agents. This approach does not assume a centralized mechanism and has no need for interagent communication. Compared to existing autonomous-decentralized-decision-making (ADDM)-based approaches for resource-allocation, our work emphasizes achieving the highest degree of agent autonomy and is able to handle more general resource requirements.

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Kerber, Wolfgang. "Governance of Data: Exclusive Property vs. Access." IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 47, no. 7 (2016): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-016-0517-2.

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Ode Novi Angreni, Wa, Darmi Arda, Ari Setyawati, Anggun Sasmita, Indrawati Aris Tyarini, and Nordianiwati Nordianiwati. "Exclusive breastfeeding in preventing stunting in toddlers." Jurnal Edukasi Ilmiah Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (2024): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.61099/junedik.v2i1.29.

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Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of a baby's life has been shown to have many health benefits, and one of them is that it can help prevent stunting in toddlers. Stunting is when a child's physical growth and brain development are hampered due to chronic malnutrition, especially protein, energy, and other essential nutrients. Objective: Know the role of exclusive breastfeeding in preventing stunting in toddlers. Methods: Type of quantitative analytical research with a case-control design using a retrospective approach. The population in this study was mothers who had toddlers aged 12–60 months, while the determination of subjects was based on simple random sampling techniques. The inclusion criteria were mothers with stunting toddlers aged 12–60 months and mothers willing to be respondents. The exclusion criteria are toddlers who suffer from chronic diseases and have a history of premature birth. The subjects in this study were 70 toddlers, consisting of 35 stunting toddlers as an intervention group and 35 non-stunting toddlers as controls. Results showed that toddlers who were exclusively breastfed and stunted were 15 (42.9%), while toddlers who were not exclusively breastfed and stunted were 20 (57.1%). Bivariate analysis showed an association between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (p-value 0.030). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding can prevent stunting in toddlers. Exclusive breastfeeding can make a significant contribution to stunting prevention; other factors such as public health, sanitation, and access to nutrition also play an important role. Therefore, a holistic approach must be applied to support children's growth and development

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Mitra, Gopa. "NHS access and empowerment – are they mutually exclusive?" Primary Health Care 12, no. 5 (2002): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.12.5.16.s13.

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Fauziah, Nuraini. "Relationship Between Accessibility to Health Services with Exclusive Breastfeeding." Journal of Global Research in Public Health 8, no. 1 (2023): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jgrph.v8i1.442.

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Globally, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is still less than 40%. Exclusive breastfeeding is the appropriate recommendation to build quality human resources. The infant mortality rate has not decreased according to the SDGs target. Neonatal death rate is 32/1000 live births. Difficulties in accessing health services can also be seen in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) program, where the MMR and IMR in several areas are still quite high. This study aims to determine the relationship between accessibility to health services related to exclusive breastfeeding. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional analytic design. Primary data collection in the province of DKI Jakarta. Data collected and analyzed using SPSS 25 as univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that there was a relationship between the accessibility to health services with exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.040). Accessibility to health services is positively related to exclusive breastfeeding for infants. Ease of access to health services is the fulfillment of all items of access to health services that should be easily accessible to mothers. The item availability of health workers around the house (p=0.042) and health workers who examine mothers during childbirth (p=0.0001) had the greatest influence on access to health services so that it had a positive effect on exclusive breastfeeding. Ease of access to health services motivates and helps a mother to provide exclusive breastfeeding to her baby. We hope that access to health services and facilities can improve performance in providing easy access and the best services for mothers.

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Schuster, Dirk. "Exclusive Border Crossing." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 5, no. 2 (2020): 469–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00502009.

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Abstract From 1933, the inner Protestant ‘German Christians Church Movement’ from Thuringia took control over some Protestant regional churches in Germany. For the German Christians the main motives of their agitation were the creation of a ‘volkisch’ belief system based on race, Christianity and ‘dejudaization’ (of Christianity). Based on the theoretical considerations of spaces, boundaries and exclusion, the article uses the example of the German Christians to show under which conditions individuals are denied entry into an imaginary religious space. ‘Exclusivist border crossings,’ as this phenomena is named here on the theoretical perspective, can explain how religious arguments exclude people from entering a religious space such as salvation when the access criteria are linked to birth-related conditions.

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Czaja, Ludwik. "Exclusive Access to Resources in Distributed Shared Memory Architecture." Fundamenta Informaticae 119, no. 3-4 (2012): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2012-737.

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Mason, Matthew. "Your exclusive access to on-demand resources and webinars." Physiology News, Summer 2023 (July 10, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.130.44.

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Taguchi, Shun, and Kiyosumi Kidono. "Exclusive Association Sampling to Improve Bayesian Multi-Target Tracking." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 193116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032692.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Exclusive access"

Salau, Aaron Olaniyi. "Right of access to information and its limitation by national security in Nigeria: mutually inclusive or exclusive?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25429.

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Section 39(1) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria guarantees freedom of expression, including the right to receive and impart information. Also, the domestication of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights' makes the Charter's protections for access to information part of Nigerian law. Indeed, sections 39(3) and 45(1) of the Constitution permit restrictions on access to information, but only by 'law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society'. Unfortunately, access to information in Nigeria is heavily circumscribed by statutes that confer absolute powers on the executive to classify information to protect vague 'national security' interests inconsistently with what is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. Underlying this problem are a colonial legacy of administrative secrecy that disdains disclosure of official information and clumsy constitutional rights provisions that accentuate security restrictions rather than the right to information. Using democratic theory as an analytical tool, this thesis advocates for the right of access to information as not just a constitutional value, but also a minimum requirement for the functioning of a democratic society. In so doing, it aims to curtail abuse of executive powers under national security laws that permit limitations on access to information. The thesis uses African human rights standards of reasonableness to evaluate how national security laws that limit access to information measure against constitutional standards of reasonableness and justifiability in a democratic society. The thesis finds that constitutional protection and jurisprudential recognition of the right of access to information in Nigeria do not comply with minimum international law requirements. The thesis ultimately suggests that limitation of access to information on grounds of national security must be in the public interest. In striking a balance between access to information and national security, it recommends a sufficient legislative description of 'national security' and clear constitutional framework for access to information, subject to restrictions only where harm to national security is demonstrably greater than access to information.

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Amador, Karina, and Natalie Salas. "MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN AN EXCLUSIVE LATINO COMMUNITY VERSUS A DIVERSE COMMUNITY." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/878.

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This study examined whether Latino immigrants’ community environment influenced perceptions about the meaning of mental health and accessing mental health services. The two environments analyzed in were an exclusively Latino community (primarily Latino members) and a diverse community (composed of different ethnicities including Latinos). The research method used in this study was a qualitative survey design. A semi-structured interview guideline with questions on the meaning of mental health, mental health services access, and community norms on mental health was utilized with 24 respondents. Responses were then analyzed to find themes. Findings from this study found similarities as well as differences in the two groups in seeking mental health services. Differences were more commonly in the details of the responses rather than in the themes of the responses. The finding will help social workers, who provide a large percentage of mental health services, understand the individual, the barriers, and the importance of social environments in seeking mental health services.

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Shipilina, Mariia. "Trade Mark Law and the Concept of Bad Faith : A fair balance between the protection of exclusive rights conferred on the proprietor and free access to the European market?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412977.

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The purpose of the research is the analysis of the concept of bad faith in the sphere of trade marks from the perspective of a fair balance of different interests of the trade mark proprietor and other undertakings in the European market. On the one hand, the starting point of European trade mark law is the protection of exclusive rights conferred on the owner of a registered mark. On the other hand, Article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union guarantees the right to free access to the market. The research work analyses the scope of these conflicting rights and comes to the conclusion that the interests of trade mark law and market competition may have common ground despite different starting points between them. Bad faith behaviour in the market should also be assessed as an acute common issue. In that connection, the objective of the thesis is to examine how the balance of the interests is achieved in European trade mark legislation and in practice, whether this balance is fair when dealing with bad faith. Additionally, the thesis considers the issues of the definition of bad faith in European legislation and possible changes in the European trade mark system related to the concept of bad faith.

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Willaschek, Tomáš. "Backend pro kolaborativní programování v rozšířené realitě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445523.

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This thesis deals with the implementation and application of exclusive access for the ARCOR2 system, which is used for collaborative programming of robots, using augmented reality. The goal of this thesis is an analysis of default state, proposal, and implementation of an exclusive access solution for this system. The implementation is extensive and allows for a number of work scenarios, which require the usage of exclusive access. Scenarios are revealed by the system analysis. Based on the analysis proposal of a solution is created. The problem is resolved by creating a global lock manager, which is applied. Patterns of how the manager should be used, are defined in the work. The benefits of this work are effective and easygoing collaborative programming.

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Brass, Kate. "Social exclusion : contested meanings, policy and experience." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2009. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/32069.

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"This thesis takes a critical inquiry approach to the concept of social exclusion, which has become a prevalent feature of the contemporary social policy lexicon ... [the] study takes an innovative methodological approach in that it explores and makes visible the diverse and contradictory meanings that practitioners and community members hold for social exclusion, and gives those meanings equal stature with the views of academic researchers and policy makers, as they are represented in the scholarly research literature and associated policy documents." Doctor of Philosophy

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Bose, Anuradha. "Rich pickings? : access and exclusion to solid wastes in Calcutta." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247163.

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Xie, Ailei, and 谢爱磊. "Guanxi exclusion in rural China: parental involvement and students' college access." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48329915.

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This study examines the differential patterns of access to higher education of students from rural areas in transition from a planned to a market economy. In respect to college access, the research argues that market reforms have reproduced the advantages for students from the cadre’s and the professional’s families while simultaneously creating new opportunities for the children of the new arising economic elite. Yet, it has performed less for traditional peasant families whose children still fail to gain access to college in proportions higher than the size of the population. Based on the literature, this research places a special emphasis on how economic and cultural resources become the main influence on rural students? college access. The process dimension -- how families from different social backgrounds within rural society involve themselves in the schooling of their children and how this contributes to inequality of college access within rural society, are investigated. This research unpacks this process by examining the school involvement experiences of parents in Zong, a county located in the province of Anhui. Parental involvement is conceptualized in terms of how economic and cultural resources are converted to social capital as part of family strategies within the increasingly stratified social context of rural China. The research identifies the consequences of activating different types of social networks within family and community, and also between family and school to facilitate this process by gaining advantages in access to college. Household interviews and field notes were used as the main methods of data collection with a range of parents and teachers involved in this ethnographic study. The data analysis suggests that state, schools and teachers provide few formal and routine channels for rural parents to become involved in schooling. This raises the importance of family strategic initiatives to employ interpersonal social networks (guanxi) within family, community and between school and family. Parents from cadres and professional backgrounds are capable of maintaining these social networks that are useful for their children’s chances of entering higher education. Their counterparts from the new economic elites? backgrounds have developed the means to capitalize upon their families economic and cultural resources by converting them into social capital that creates advantages in college access for their children. Peasants, however, rely heavily on teachers and relatives in education and are substantially marginalized from those important interpersonal social networks of capital conversion. Although this research found the structure constrains interpersonal social network of peasant families, it also highlights the agency of parents from different families. For example, in some cases it found, that peasants actively use their kinships to create chances for school involvement to potentially improve the chances of their children’s college access. This research is one of the first empirical studies to inquire about the mechanism of capital conversion in affecting higher education opportunities in the post-socialist era, which will help to re-evaluate the influence of market reforms over rural education system in China. published_or_final_version Education Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy

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Sutherland, Laura A. "Right to Education - From Policy to Practice: Social Exclusion and Gender in Delhi's Primary Education System." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35008.

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This thesis explores patterns of access and experiences of meaningful access under India’s Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act) from a critical gender perspective (Fraser, 1997; Jackson, 1999). Within the RTE Act, special attention is given to Section 12(1)(c), the free private school seats provision. The argument is that in order to fully analyze education progress, research must advance beyond focusing on physical access to exploring indicators of meaningful access. This thesis discusses the construction of a quantitative variable, ‘silent exclusion’, as a composite drawn from wider qualitative research. The first available data from the Insights into Education household survey in Delhi are analyzed using statistical and econometric techniques. It was found that private unaided recognized schools remain inaccessible for the most marginalized households. Child’s sex was not found to have a significant effect on school management choice, and both boys and girls attended privately and publically managed elementary schools in the sample. Four access issues pertaining to the free seat provision were identified: public awareness; reaching intended beneficiaries; low success rates for applicants; and continuing financial challenges for households accessing a free seat. In terms of children’s schooling experiences, low levels of silent exclusion were reported overall. Explicit displays of discrimination and exclusion were not found in the sample; however, less visible displays of exclusion were noted, such as a lack of leadership opportunities for children from lower income households, scheduled castes/tribes, and children attending government-managed schools. A lack of political and social pressure to fully implement the RTE Act at the local level is evident, which raises the question of how much a law in itself can bring about social change in the education sector.

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Ullah, Abid. "Mechanisms for Enhancing Spectrum Utilization in a Spectrum Access System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84932.

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The goal of this thesis is to build a Protected Shared Access Model (PSAM) through database enabled Spectrum Access System (SAS). A model for the SAS is proposed, which is based on our vision for the SAS as a more dynamic and responsive architecture as a geolocation database than the current TVWS database. Major functions and capabilities of the model include, calculations of exclusion zone (EZ) of primary users with different operational parameters, use interference estimation techniques for predicting interference levels that will be generated by the new secondary users (SUs) and existing systems operating in the database service area, allocate location based transmit power levels and provide an algorithm for communications among the PUs, SUs, and the SAS to implement management and authorization framework of spectrum resources to different types of SUs. The selection of a propagation model is of utmost importance in spectrum sharing studies. Existing literature on EZs with simplified propagation models does not consider the effect of LOS interference between the PU to SU link and SU to PU link on peak points in the terrain area around the PU. The use of a terrain profile based model captures the essence of propagation over irregular terrain. Terrain regions that are far away from the PU may have a LOS between the PU and SU. So its not only the nearest area where the PU/SU can get interference, but interference is present from areas further away on high grounds having a direct LOS with the PU antenna. The exclusion zone computation with terrain profile based propagation model captures this effect, and it is the same effect that makes the shape of the exclusion zone irregular. So the propagation model used in spectrum sharing studies must be able to use the terrain for the specific geographical area for precise propagation calculations, and provide statistical reliability parameters for the computed propagation values for area of interest. For a multi-tier shared access model with incumbent access (IA) users, priority access (PA) users and general authorized access (GAA) users. The SU interference tolerance thresholds varies by the type of SU's i-e., PA users like public safety systems and mission critical users have low tolerance for interference and hence need to operate further from the PU. While GAA users like commercial broadband systems have higher interference tolerances and can operate closer to the PU. This multi-tier shared access model requires varying levels of interference protection from PU, that can be provided with multiple exclusion zones defined for different types of SU's. We propose the concept of differential spectrum access hierarchy, and define it in the context of a multi-tiered EZs that are based on quantiles of tolerable interference levels for different tiers of SUs. We also quantify and show the gain in SU capacity (or throughput) obtained by using multi-tiered EZs for different tiers of SUs. Using simulation results, we show that the size of EZs can be significantly reduced with the use of a terrain profile-based propagation model that takes into account terrain profile for signal attenuation between PUs and SUs in the P2P link. The exclusion zones involve the use of interference test points at the circumference of the protection contour of the PU. They are monitoring test points that the SAS uses with a propagation model and locations of SUs to calculate interference. Consider a model of Figure 5.1, the coexistence environment with PU, SU and the SAS with a database. As more SUs enter the system, their transmit powers creates interference for the PUs. In the event of SU interference exceeding a predefined threshold level at any of the test points, the SAS uses an interference based power control algorithm to turnoff the nearest dominant interferer's. Turning off the dominant interferers eliminates interference generated by that node at the PU. This nearest node interference cancellation significantly reduces the outage probability at the PU. Unlike existing metrics for spectrum utilization efficiency that considers separate metrics for PU interference protection and maximum use of the band for secondary use, we define a new metric for spectrum utilization efficiency. This metric uses utility functions and cost functions to measure the impact of secondary use of the spectrum on PUs as well as the degree of satisfaction SUs can achieve from reuse of such spectrum. The new spectrum utilization metric is used to evaluate tradeoffs between interference protection of PUs and SU spectrum utilization. Ph. D.

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Hillman, Alexandra. "Negotiating access : practices of inclusion and exclusion in the performance of 'real' emergency medicine." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54338/.

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This ethnography examines how Accident and Emergency (A&E) operates as both threshold and gatekeeper. The study draws upon field work undertaken in the accident and emergency department of a major UK teaching hospital. Focussing on patients' and staffs' everyday practices and interactions, the study shows how, and in what moments, medical, administrative and cultural classifications are drawn upon to legitimate and contest different interests. The exploration of categorisation and classification practices is important, not only for a better understanding of A&E as a site in which access to important life chances are negotiated, but also for understanding more about the relations between medicine and socio-cultural classification, and the consequences for those enrolled in their re-making. A&E is shown to be an important sociological site in which forms of knowledge, moral values and relations of power are produced. The thesis situates itself between a body of sociological research that focuses on medical practices as socially constructed, and that pays attention to how medicine re-produces socio-cultural classification, and a set of literatures that account for medicine as particular forms of knowledge. Building on an emergent tradition of research that extends and moves beyond this division, the thesis adopts a particular view of medical knowledge practice that is performative, existent in and through social relations, not only the social relations that occur between people and between people and materials, but also the relations that occur with other modes of ordering such as those produced through clinical governance guidelines. The thesis shows how staff continually perform 'real' emergency medicine. 'Real' emergency medicine is shown to be produced in a number of different ways. It is often accounted for as purely clinical, and as a knowledge practice that relies upon a specific form of medical perception and clinical practice. However, in their accounts of those persons presenting at A&E who fall beyond the boundaries of the purely clinical, members help to accomplish what the 'real' is not. In other moments 'real' emergency medicine includes the organisation and rationing of resources through medical staffs' managing of clinical expertise. Finally, during processes of patient assessments 'real' emergency medicine can be accomplished through patient's own performance of good citizenship as they negotiate their access to health services. Thus, in developing 'accessing' as its central trope, the study shows how A&E as a critical site, is one in which medicine emerges as deeply implicated in mundane practices of social inclusion and exclusion.

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Bücher zum Thema "Exclusive access"

United States. Congress. House. A bill to provide individuals with access to health information of which they are a subject, to ensure personal privacy, security, and confidentiality with respect to health related information in promoting the development of a nationwide interoperable health information infrastructure, to impose civil and criminal penalties for unauthorized use of personal health information, to provide for the strong enforcement of these rights, to protect States' rights, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to provide individuals with access to health information of which they are a subject, ensure personal privacy with respect to health-care-related information, impose criminal and civil penalties for unauthorized use of protected health information, to provide for the strong enforcement of these rights, and to protect States' rights. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Malcolm, Tight, ed. Access and exclusion. JAI, 2003.

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John, Knight. Access denied: Disabled people's experience of social exclusion. Leonard Cheshire, 1998.

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European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, ed. Policy measures to ensure access to decent housing for migrants and ethnic minorities. Office for Official Publications of the European Union, 2005.

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Bose, Anuradha. Rich pickings?: Access and exclusion to solid wastes in Calcutta. University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Ribot, Jesse Craig. From exclusion to participation: A history of forest access control in eastern Senegal. African Studies Center, Boston University, 1994.

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Durand-Lasserve, Alain. L' exclusion des pauvres dans les villes du Tiers-Monde: Accès au sol et au logement. L'Harmattan, 1986.

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Shelter, ed. Europe against exclusion: Housing for all : a set of practical policy proposals to promote social inclusion and ensure access to decent housing for all citizens and residents of the European Union. Shelter, 1999.

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Meitzler, David Christopher. Fly the Plane: Your Exclusive Access to the Flight Deck. Puffy Cloud Creative, 2019.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Exclusive access"

Häbig, Julia, Enikö Zala-Mezö, Pascale Herzig, and Daniela Müller-Kuhn. "Correction to: Participation and Social Exclusion – Are They Mutually Exclusive Phenomena?" In Children’s Rights from International Educational Perspectives. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80861-7_19.

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Gair, Susan, Tamar Hager, and Omri Herzog. "Correction to: Compliance and Resistance within Neoliberal Academia." In Compliance and Resistance Within Neoliberal Academia. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66318-6_6.

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The original version of the book was originally published in 2021 with exclusive rights reserved by the Publisher. As of 2022 it has been changed to an open access publication: © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s).

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Barris, Jeremy. "Humor as a Privileged Grasp of Goodness and Meaningfulness II: Mutually Exclusive Truths and Values." In Humor’s Privileged Access to Truth, Meaning, and Goodness. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74433-4_5.

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Ledoux, Clémence, Karen Shire, and Franca van Hooren. "Correction to: Introduction: From the Emergence to the Dynamics of Welfare Markets." In The Dynamics of Welfare Markets. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56623-4_16.

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The original version of chapter 1, “Introduction: From the Emergence to the Dynamics of Welfare Markets” was previously published with exclusive rights reserved by the Publisher. It has now been converted to open access retrospectively under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.

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Ruziev, Kobil. "Connectedness and Inequitable Access to Formal Financing in Uzbekistan." In International Political Economy Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55341-7_11.

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AbstractThe belief that a centrally planned system results in wastefulness whilst a market-based system yields an efficient allocation of resources was central to post-Communist economies’ decisions to transform from a centrally planned to a market-based system. While this belief may well be true in principle, various inefficiencies also occur in market-based systems, particularly in the provision of financial services to businesses. For example, empirical research clearly demonstrates that the distribution of formal financing skews towards larger enterprises and against younger and smaller firms in market-based economies. Conventional explanations for this apparent inefficiency emphasise market and information imperfections as the major causes of misallocation. Yet, more recent studies show that institutional and political factors can also play an important role in resource allocation, which also affect economic outcomes: formally, through rules and regulations; and, informally, through individual political connections and interpersonal relations. A vital implication of this view is that political connectedness, which is interpersonal and exclusive in nature, also leads to inefficiencies in the distribution of formal financing. Building upon this understanding, this chapter investigates the impact of interpersonal connections on the inequitable distribution of formal financing in Uzbekistan.

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Kamunen, Antti, and Pentti Haddington. "Building on Linguistically Exclusive Talk: Access, Participation, and Progressivity in a Multinational Military Staff." In Complexity of Interaction. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30727-0_6.

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Op den Kamp, Claudy. "Audiovisual Archives and the Public Domain: Economics of Access, Exclusive Control and the Digital Skew." In Besides the Screen. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137471024_8.

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Dioh, Adrien. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Senegal." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_16.

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AbstractThe Senegalese social protection system has been designed and implemented for the exclusive benefit of workers and their families to protect them against economic and social risks which may cause a (partial or total, temporary or permanent) loss of their earning capacity or the capacity to satisfy their basic needs. The system, which is essentially financed by the contributions of workers and employers, does not include the larger part of the population which evolves in the informal sector. The relevant regulations introduced a principle of equal opportunity for all benefits offered to Senegalese and migrant workers as well as their family members. Nationality is therefore irrelevant since wage-earning remains a fundamental criterion. Nevertheless, because of the territoriality of social security laws, the various benefits provided by the system are not applicable. The system only benefits Senegalese and foreign workers residing in the national territory. Not only is it disadvantageous to nationals living abroad, but it can also hinder the return of foreign workers to their countries of origin at the end of their professional career. The situation can be improved by bilateral or multilateral social security agreements binding the different countries.

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Murphy, Melissa Anna, and Pavel Grabalov. "Cultivating Publicness Through Urban Agriculture: Learning from Aarhus and Rotterdam." In Urban Agriculture in Public Space. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41550-0_4.

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AbstractThis chapter sets out to explore how urban agriculture can contribute to the development of the capabilities of gardeners and the larger urban community. Our study of cases in Aarhus (Denmark) and Rotterdam (the Netherlands) aimed to understand how different municipalities facilitate urban agriculture and how different urban agriculture initiatives perform in public space. In the analysis of the initiatives, we drew on a conceptualization of publicness focused on interactions in and products from physical space that link people. With an emphasis on a definition of public that is greater than the gardeners involved in each initiative, we identify four trajectories in urban agriculture’s public service, which include increasing access and animation in public space, contributing to social services, producing and distributing food, and building communities to spread cultivation knowledge. These trajectories structure our presentation and discussion of selected urban agriculture initiatives. While not mutually exclusive, the four areas of service place different strains upon the public space ideal of physical access. We find that food production and social services may be little suited for urban spaces that demand high levels of public access, though these benefits can reach broad public if localized and facilitated appropriately.

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Bellivier, Florence, and Christine Noiville. "The Circulation of Human Body Parts and Products: When Exclusive Property Rights Mask the Issue of Access." In The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1673-5_13.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Exclusive access"

Pendexter, L. A., and Diana Diettrich. "Design Considerations for Corrosion Control of Double Hull Tankers." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93550.

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Abstract The double hull design for large vessels engaged in the transportation of oil at sea is not a new concept, however, the requirement for the future exclusive use of this hull configuration for all oil carrying tank vessels trading in U.S. territorial waters is a result of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90);(1). By design, the structural area of the double hull tanker exposed to ballast water will be considerably increased compared to the single hull tanker - i.e. it has been suggested that up to three times the shell and bulkhead area will be exposed to corrosion. Hence the choice of protective coatings and their application methods are of vital importance to the integrity of the structure. Of equal importance will be provision for thorough inspection and a well planned maintenance program throughout the vessel’s service life. To assist in meeting these demands, certain physical features can be incorporated at the time of vessel construction to provide access to all parts of the hull structure.

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Jinho Kim and Wayne E. Stark. "Error exponent of exclusive-or multiple-access channels." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2009.5205761.

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Forde, Timothy K., Irene Macaluso, and Linda E. Doyle. "Exclusive sharing & virtualization of the cellular network." In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2011.5936223.

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Al Rawahi, Ahmed Salim, Kevin Lee, Jon Robinson, and Ahmad Lotfi. "Enabling Exclusive Shared Access to Cloud of Things Resources." In PODC '18: ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3229774.3229779.

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Doyle, Linda, and Tim Forde. "Towards a Fluid Spectrum Market for Exclusive Usage Rights." In 2007 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2007.86.

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Weinstock, Jan Henrik, Rainer Leupers, and Gerd Ascheid. "Modeling Exclusive Memory Access for a Time-Decoupled Parallel SystemC Simulator." In SCOPES '15: 18th International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2764967.2771929.

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Hsieh, Cheng-Ying, Tze-Jie Tan, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Chi-En Wei. "5G Mutually Exclusive Access to Network Slices by Adaptively Prioritized Subset Algorithm." In ICC 2021 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc42927.2021.9500361.

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Luckan, Yashaen, and Nischolan Pillay. "Practice Based Research in the Context of Spatial Transformation: A South African Perspective." In 2019 Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.66.

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The spatial inequities of apartheid severely compromised the advancement of historically marginalised societies in South Africa. Exclusive barriers to access and opportunity defined an underlying geo-social intent for the oppression of societies, hereafter referred to as historically disadvantaged communities. The socio-economic injustices extended beyond physical spatial barriers into the realm of intellectual imprisonment effected by pedagogic exclusion. This ultimately prevented knowledge generation by exclusion of lived experiences in historically disadvantaged communities. The research approach is informed by a problem which focuses on pedagogic exclusion and the critical role of inclusive pedagogies and participatory approaches to research in architectural education for the advancement of society in order to promote spatial transformation.

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Saha, Rony Kumer. "A Dynamic Exclusive-Use Spectrum Access Method for Millimeter-Wave Mobile Systems Toward 6G." In 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348476.

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Liu, Meng, Xuyun Zhang, Chi Yang, Shaoning Pang, Deepak Puthal, and Kaijun Ren. "Privacy-Preserving Detection of Statically Mutually Exclusive Roles Constraints Violation in Interoperable Role-Based Access Control." In 2017 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ICESS. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase/icess.2017.277.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Exclusive access"

Martinez-Espiñeira, Roberto, and María Pérez Urdiales. Water Affordability Measures Under Multiple and Non-Exclusive Sources in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005529.

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Standard water affordability measures that only account for expenditure on piped water are unlikely to adequately capture the situation of all consumers in developing countries, who often experience water service quality issues and must rely on coping strategies. We construct and compare a series of water affordability ratios including coping costs, and we also adjust these ratios by normative judgements about the need for coping strategies. We use nationally representative household-level data from 18 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, providing, for the first time, a regional perspective on water affordability. We show that the share of income devoted to water expenses substantially increases when we consider coping costs, particularly affecting the bottom 20% of the income distribution. These findings should be of interest to policy makers aiming at promoting access to safe and affordable water as we also identify the characteristics associated with water affordability issues.

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Harbitz, Mia Elisabeth. The Civil Registry: A Neglected Dimension of International Development. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009117.

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The right to a name and nationality is not only one of the most fundamental human rights but also a requirement to access to basic and essential services such as health and education. This right is exercised through an effective and universal civil registration. It also allows for reliable vital statistics and higher levels of transparency and efficacy that provides the foundation for inclusive public policies, especially social programs. Thus civil registry, legal identity and identity management (Id-M) are central elements for social and economic development. On the international stage, the creation and dissemination of knowledge around the civil registration and legal identity field has evolved from a single paper produced by UNICEF in 2000, to several knowledge sharing initiatives where the IDB has played a pivotal role. The launching of a webpage (http://iadb.libguides.com/registros) in 2011 that provides access to all IDB publications and projects on the topic is just one example of it. Birth under-registration rates has dropped from 18 percent to 9 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the IDB, through its legal identity and registry team took on the topic in 2002 . Though the Bank cannot claim the exclusive credit for this achievement, the fact that a development bank took on the issue is of major consequence.

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Marshall, Jeffery H., and Valentina Calderón. Social Exclusion in Education in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008797.

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This study provides detailed accounting of the current levels of social exclusion in education and factors contributing to them. It provides a quantitative and qualitative accounting and profiling of social exclusion in education in the region. Drawing from the micro-data of household surveys, it produces a state of the art inventory of indicators and contextual factors intervening in the delivery of a quality education at all levels to socially excluded groups, particularly ethnic and racial minorities and the poor. Included here are detailed analyses of the education profile these populations exhibit relative to other populations, their access to a quality education and the levels of attainment they achieve, and the extent to which specific targeting mechanisms are effective in mitigating structural inequities in opportunity.

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Alonso, María, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Eduardo Moral-Benito, Diana Posada, and Patrocinio Tello-Casas. Un repaso de las diversas iniciativas desplegadas a nivel nacional e internacional para hacer frente a los riesgos de exclusión financiera. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29772.

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Las dificultades en el acceso a los servicios bancarios por parte de determinados grupos de población, especialmente aquellos residentes en zonas rurales y/o de edad avanzada, suponen una fuente de vulnerabilidad ante el riesgo de exclusión financiera de dichos colectivos. Este trabajo ofrece un resumen de las actuaciones desplegadas al objeto de mitigar dichos riesgos en los diferentes países europeos, con especial énfasis en el caso español. Si bien estas iniciativas son de naturaleza diversa y dependen de factores idiosincráticos de cada país, una revisión sistemática de las mismas permite extraer las siguientes conclusiones principales desde una perspectiva comparada. Desde el ámbito de la iniciativa privada, cabe destacar el despliegue en varios países europeos de redes de puntos de acceso al efectivo compartidas por diferentes entidades bancarias, si bien su implantación es, por el momento, relativamente menor en el caso español. Respecto a las iniciativas de colaboración público-privada, tanto en España como en el resto de países europeos, destaca la utilización de los acuerdos entre las entidades bancarias y las empresas de correos, que cuentan con una gran capilaridad en su red de oficinas. Desde el ámbito público, las actuaciones más comúnmente utilizadas se refieren a ayudas para instalar cajeros automáticos en zonas rurales. Por su parte, la regulación de los niveles mínimos de provisión de puntos de acceso al efectivo mediante la acción legislativa solo está vigente en el caso de Suecia, donde el uso de efectivo es tan minoritario que su potencial desaparición supone una amenaza sobre la viabilidad de la infraestructura de efectivo. Difficulties in accessing banking services by certain population groups, in particular those living in rural areas and/or the elderly, are a source of potential vulnerability with regard to the risk of financial exclusion of these cohorts. This paper summarises the actions deployed, by public and private institutions, in order to mitigate these risks in European countries, with special emphasis on Spain. Although these initiatives are diverse in nature and depend on idiosyncratic factors in each country, a systematic review allows the following conclusions to be drawn from a comparative perspective. First, it is worth noting the deployment in several European countries of networks of cash access points shared by different banks, although their implementation is, for the time being, relatively lower in Spain. Second, regarding public-private collaboration initiatives, both in Spain and in other European countries, the use of agreements between banks and post offices, which have well-distributed networks of offices, stands out. Third, the most common public sector initiatives consist of aid for the instalment of ATMs in rural areas. However, legislation regulating minimum provision of cash access points is only in force in Sweden, where the use of cash is so low that its potential disappearance poses a threat to the viability of cash infrastructure.

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Pérez Urdiales, María, and Roberto Martinez-Espiñeira. F 3.10 ¿pueden los hogares de América Latina y del Caribe pagar por su agua?: la asequibilidad a examen. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013214.

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La asequibilidad es una de las dimensiones clave consideradas en la meta 6.1 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS): “de aquí a 2030, lograr el acceso universal y equitativo al agua potable a un precio asequible para todos”. Sin embargo, el indicador asociado a esta meta solamente mide la proporción de la población que tiene acceso a una fuente de agua gestionada de manera segura, ignorando la perspectiva de la asequibilidad. En consecuencia, la información sobre asequibilidad del agua es relativamente limitada en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Esta hoja informativa incluye una síntesis con los resultados principales del estudio "Water Affordability measures under multiple and non-exclusive sources in Latin America and the Caribbean" y plantea una serie de recomendaciones de política pública.

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Hernández, Carmen, Nora Ruth Libertun de Duren, and María Elena Acosta M. Estudio sobre la brecha de género en el acceso al mercado hipotecario de Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003312.

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El estudio "Brechas de género en el acceso al mercado hipotecario en Ecuador" analiza el acceso de las mujeres en condición de pobreza y pobreza moderada para la obtención de un crédito para vivienda en el sistema financiero formal, el dimensionamiento y caracterización de los nudos críticos y potencialidades (oferta y demanda), cualificando la demanda actual y la tipología de vivienda para la que se otorga crédito; así como la identificación y caracterización de los principales desafíos enfrentados por las mujeres en el otrogamiento, el nivel de exclusión, el comportamiento crediticio y las prácticas y concepciones de las instituciones financieras (IFI) que ofrecen crédito para vivienda, a partir de lo cual se presentan conclusiones y se establece recomendaciones que contribuyan a acortar las brechas de género identificadas, contribuyendo a la implementación de los proyectos y la política pública de vivienda en el país.

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Islam, Asiya, and Preeti Manchanda. Gender Inequalities in Digital India: A survey on digital literacy, access, and use. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre (Digit), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/mcuu2363.

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This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.

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Harbitz, Mia Elisabeth, and María del Carmen Tamargo. The Significance of Legal Identity in Situations of Poverty and Social Exclusion: The Link between Gender, Ethnicity, and Legal Identity. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009023.

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Failure to register births and lack of legal identity are considered to have a direct effect on possibilities and opportunities for full participation in social, political, and economic life. In order to understand the characteristics, numbers, and location of the economically, culturally, and socially vulnerable groups that are excluded from access to legal identity, studies were carried out in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Guatemala. The study does not claim to be exhaustive; rather it is meant to be a constructive contribution to the search for practical solutions that will help countries achieve universal, reliable, integrated, and secure legal identity for all of their citizens.

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Bouillon, César P., and Viviane Azevedo. Intergenerational Social Mobility in Latin America: A Review of Existing Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008068.

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This article reviews evidence on intergenerational social mobility in Latin America. Results indicate that mobility is low in the Region. The evidence also suggests high levels of immobility at the income distribution's lower and upper tails. While intergenerational education mobility has improved in recent decades, which may increase income mobility for younger populations, overall the Region still presents lower intergenerational social mobility. These results may be associated with social exclusion, low access to higher education, and labor market discrimination.

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Maheshwar, Seema. Experiences of Intersecting Inequalities for Poor Hindu Women in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2020.012.

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Through first-hand accounts of marginalisation and discrimination, the research paper in question explores the reality of life in Pakistan for poor Hindu women and girls who face intersecting and overlapping inequalities due to their religious identity, their gender and their caste. They carry a heavy burden among the marginalised groups in Pakistan, facing violence, discrimination and exclusion, lack of access to education, transportation and health care, along with occupational discrimination and a high threat of abduction, forced conversion and forced marriage.

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