Zeitschriftenartikel: „Execution processes“

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Urban, Susan D., Ziao Liu und Le Gao. „Decentralized Communication for Data Dependency Analysis Among Process Execution Agents“. International Journal of Web Services Research 8, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2011100101.

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This paper presents the authors results with the investigation of decentralized data dependency analysis among concurrently executing processes in a service-oriented environment. Distributed Process Execution Agents (PEXAs) are responsible for controlling the execution of processes that are composed of web services. PEXAs are also associated with specific distributed sites for the purpose of capturing data changes that occur at those sites in the context of service executions using Delta-Enabled Grid Services. PEXAs then exchange this information with other PEXAs to dynamically discover data dependencies that can be used to enhance recovery activities for concurrent processes that execute with relaxed isolation properties. This paper outlines the functionality of PEXAs, describing the data structures, algorithms, and communication mechanisms that are used to support decentralized construction of distributed process dependency graphs, demonstrating a more dynamic and intelligent approach to identifying how the failure of one process can potentially affect other concurrently executing processes.

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Stephan, Franziska, Henrik Saalbach und Sonja Rossi. „The Brain Differentially Prepares Inner and Overt Speech Production: Electrophysiological and Vascular Evidence“. Brain Sciences 10, Nr. 3 (04.03.2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030148.

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Speech production not only relies on spoken (overt speech) but also on silent output (inner speech). Little is known about whether inner and overt speech are processed differently and which neural mechanisms are involved. By simultaneously applying electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we tried to disentangle executive control from motor and linguistic processes. A preparation phase was introduced additionally to the examination of overt and inner speech directly during naming (i.e., speech execution). Participants completed a picture-naming paradigm in which the pure preparation phase of a subsequent speech production and the actual speech execution phase could be differentiated. fNIRS results revealed a larger activation for overt rather than inner speech at bilateral prefrontal to parietal regions during the preparation and at bilateral temporal regions during the execution phase. EEG results showed a larger negativity for inner compared to overt speech between 200 and 500 ms during the preparation phase and between 300 and 500 ms during the execution phase. Findings of the preparation phase indicated that differences between inner and overt speech are not exclusively driven by specific linguistic and motor processes but also impacted by inhibitory mechanisms. Results of the execution phase suggest that inhibitory processes operate during phonological code retrieval and encoding.

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Bertaqwa, Addin Gama, G. A. Putri Saptawati und Tricya E. Widagdo. „Development a Generic Transaction Processing System Based on Business Process Metadata“. Jurnal Sistem Informasi 16, Nr. 1 (29.04.2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jsi.v16i1.861.

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The business processes has a major role in the activities of an organization. Organizations have various types of information systems that support the business processes. One of the systems that support the operations of an organization’s business processes is a transaction processing system that serves to record the daily routine transactions necessary in running a business. In the implementation of business process on information systems, often occur repetitive coding activities for additions or changes to business processes. In general, business process consist of a set of activities and relate to each other between one activity to another. To overcome the problem of repetitive coding implementation, relations between activities must be modelled. In this thesis, business process mapping to data level using metadata approach is proposed as a solution to manage any execution services build on information systems, so that developers can focus to the business process flows. The constructed data model divide building blocks of business process into three type such as event, task and gateway. The data model that has been found capable of storing business process as well as the execution flow of the business process into database. The transaction processing system has been built based on the data model of the process that has been found. Executor of business process has been developed based on metadata that has been designed. From the test results concluded that metadata is able to define business process, and the executor can control the flow of executions of business process correctly. Control of the execution flow of the business process can be done manually by the user or automatically by the executor based on the defined rules in metadata.

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Eder, Johann, Marco Franceschetti und Josef Lubas. „Dynamic Controllability of Processes without Surprises“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 3 (29.01.2022): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031461.

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Dynamic controllability guarantees that a process control can steer the execution of a business process without violating any temporal constraints although some tasks have uncontrollable durations. However, it has been shown that dynamic controllability may lead to process executions with the undesirable property that tasks have to be started or ended on extremely short notice. Sudden termination forces the agent to immediately terminate the execution of a process task without any prior notice in order to meet some temporal constraints. Semi-dynamic controllability guarantees dynamic controllability and the absence of sudden termination. Here, we show that dynamic controllability may also lead to the problem of sudden start, which forces the immediate start of a process task without prior notice. We formalize all constellations of temporal constraints causing sudden start and sudden termination in a process. We propose a technique to design processes in which activities can be dynamically dispatched without these surprises, i.e., with advance notice, and extend the notion of semi-dynamic controllability by also considering the sudden start. This leads to a sound and complete algorithm for checking the semi-dynamic controllability of time-constrained processes.

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Kirikkayis, Yusuf, Florian Gallik, Michael Winter und Manfred Reichert. „BPMNE4IoT: A Framework for Modeling, Executing and Monitoring IoT-Driven Processes“. Future Internet 15, Nr. 3 (22.02.2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15030090.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a variety of smart applications, including smart home, smart manufacturing, and smart city. By enhancing Business Process Management Systems with IoT capabilities, the execution and monitoring of business processes can be significantly improved. Providing a holistic support for modeling, executing and monitoring IoT-driven processes, however, constitutes a challenge. Existing process modeling and process execution languages, such as BPMN 2.0, are unable to fully meet the IoT characteristics (e.g., asynchronicity and parallelism) of IoT-driven processes. In this article, we üresent BPMNE4IoT—A holistic framework for modeling, executing and monitoring IoT-driven processes. We introduce various artifacts and events based on the BPMN 2.0 metamodel that allow realizing the desired IoT awareness of business processes. The framework is evaluated along two real-world scenarios from two different domains. Moreover, we present a user study for comparing BPMNE4IoT and BPMN 2.0. In particular, this study has confirmed that the BPMNE4IoT framework facilitates the support of IoT-driven processes.

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Chatterjee, Sayan, Venkat Narayanan und William Malek. „How strategy execution maps guided Cisco System’s Sales Incentive Compensation plan“. Strategy & Leadership 44, Nr. 6 (21.11.2016): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-08-2016-0071.

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Purpose This article describes an approach to strategy execution using lessons learned from improvement efforts to the sales incentive compensation (SIC) business processes and IT systems in Cisco Systems. Design/methodology/approach This case outlines an alternative approach to strategy execution–a COAR strategy map methodology– illustrated with lessons learned from efforts to improve the sales incentive compensation business processes and IT systems in Cisco Systems.” Findings By following a structured and systematic process, organizations can implement a process for strategy execution that is effective and repeatable. In executing strategy, stay focused on how to translate the decisions taken while defining business strategy into operations. As business strategy changes, elements of the strategy execution must change as well. Research limitations/implications This case is primarily a guide to strategy execution and is not meant to be a prescription for a cutting edge sales compensation plan. Practical implications Although the examples used in this article relate to SIC business processes, the lessons learned can be applied to strategy execution in general. Originality/value It is this “peek forward” into a virtual execution setting, and the opportunity to use it as a scenario-like tool to test alternatives, that increases the likelihood that managers will devise a stable and executable strategy.

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Hartini, Rahayu, Windi Argiatmoko, Mohammad Faisal Jamaludin Malik, Ahmad Dzulfiqar Hibatullah Putra und Mohammad Hanif Furqan Aufa Putra. „Executorial principles in international arbitration awards in the Indonesian legal system“. AMCA Journal of Community Development 3, Nr. 2 (11.07.2023): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51773/ajcd.v3i2.232.

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International arbitration awards in practice do not always run smoothly in carrying out their executions, so there is a need for affirmation of regulations both fundamentally or the principles and regulations. That is the background why this needs to be studied. So the legal issues in the research are: How is the power of the executive principle in international arbitration decisions in terms of the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 1999 concerning Procedures for Implementing Foreign Arbitration Awards? The problems that arise in carrying out the execution of foreign arbitration awards in Indonesia?. This study uses a normative juridical research method using a doctrinal legal approach, which analyzes laws and regulations, legal theories, doctrines, legal principles, which are analyzed in the form of descriptions. The results of the study show that: basically the legal force of an international arbitral award which is final, binding and legally binding remains the same as a court decision that has permanent legal force. What makes the difference is that an international arbitral award does not have executive power before the award is registered and requested for executorial fiat at the Central Jakarta District Court. The problem that often arises in Indonesia is the use of reasons for decisions that are contrary to public order (public policy) to refuse the execution of decisions. So that in such circumstances the international community sees it as a legal uncertainty.

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Hinault, Thomas, Jean-Michel Badier, Sylvain Baillet und Patrick Lemaire. „The Sources of Sequential Modulations of Control Processes in Arithmetic Strategies: A Magnetoencephalography Study“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, Nr. 6 (Juni 2017): 1033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01102.

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In a wide variety of cognitive domains, performance is determined by the selection and execution of cognitive strategies to solve problems. We used magnetoencephalography to identify the brain regions involved and specify the time course of dynamic modulations of executive control processes during strategy execution. Participants performed a computational estimation task in which they were instructed to execute a poorer or better strategy to estimate results of two-digit multiplication problems. When participants were asked to execute the poorer strategy, two distinct sets of brain activations were identified, depending on whether the poorer strategy (engaging the left inferior frontal junction) or the better strategy (engaging ACC) had been executed on the immediately preceding items. Our findings also revealed the time course of activations in regions involved in sequential modulations of cognitive control processes during arithmetic strategy execution. These findings point at processes of proactive preparation on items after poorer strategy items and dynamics of reactive adjustments after better strategy items.

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Kudryavtsev, Evgeniy. „Automation of optimization of discrete technological processes“. MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604067.

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The article describes the procedure automation of optimization discrete technological processes with using of Bellman’s functional (recurrent) equation and system Mathcad. As rule the technological processes includes n of operations and each operation can be executed by various types of equipment. Expenses (cost, time, …) on execution of i operation by k equipment after execution by j equipment (i-1) operation are known - c (i, j, k). Expenses for execution by k equipment i operation can depend on the equipment - j, which executed previous (i-1) operation. It is necessary to execute automation of optimization technological process with the minimum expenses. The algorithm of the decision of a problem by Bellman’s method includes two phases. The first phase is calculations of the minimum expenses for execution of all partial technological processes, from last operation of process to the first. The second phase is definition of the required optimum set of equipment which is carrying out all technological process with the minimum expenses. The proposed procedure of automation of optimization technological process using Bellman’s method and system Mathcad significantly decreases time and labour costs on execution of such calculations and efficiently to execute investigations related with change of equipment parameters.

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Tariq, Zeeshan, Darryl Charles, Sally McClean, Ian McChesney und Paul Taylor. „Anomaly Detection for Service-Oriented Business Processes Using Conformance Analysis“. Algorithms 15, Nr. 8 (25.07.2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15080257.

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A significant challenge for organisations is the timely identification of the abnormalities or deviations in their process executions. Abnormalities are generally due to missing vital aspects of a process or possession of unwanted behaviour in the process execution. Conformance analysis techniques examine the synchronisation between the recorded logs and the learned process models, but the exploitation of event logs for abnormality detection is a relatively under-explored area in process mining. In this paper, we proposed a novel technique for the identification of abnormalities in business process execution through the extension of available conformance analysis techniques. Non-traditional conformance analysis techniques are used to find correlations and discrepancies between simulated and observed behaviour in process logs. Initially, the raw event log is filtered into two variants, successful and failed, based upon the outcome of the instances. Successfully executed instances refer to an ideal conduct of process and are utilised to discover an optimal process model. Later, the process model is used as a behavioural benchmark to classify the abnormality in the failed instances. Abnormal behaviour is compiled grounded on three dimensions of conformance, control flow-based alignment, trace-level alignment and event-level alignment. For early predictions, we introduced the notion of conformance lifeline presenting the impact of varying fitness scores during process execution. We applied the proposed methodology to a real-world event log and presented several process-specific improvement measures in the discussion section.

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Dong, Daqi, und Stan Franklin. „The Action Execution Process Implemented in Different Cognitive Architectures: A Review“. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 5, Nr. 1 (01.12.2014): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jagi-2014-0002.

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Abstract An agent achieves its goals by interacting with its environment, cyclically choosing and executing suitable actions. An action execution process is a reasonable and critical part of an entire cognitive architecture, because the process of generating executable motor commands is not only driven by low-level environmental information, but is also initiated and affected by the agent’s high-level mental processes. This review focuses on cognitive models of action, or more specifically, of the action execution process, as implemented in a set of popular cognitive architectures. We examine the representations and procedures inside the action execution process, as well as the cooperation between action execution and other high-level cognitive modules. We finally conclude with some general observations regarding the nature of action execution.

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Demidenko, V. M., und V. I. Benediktovich. „A vectorization of iterative computational processes and time acceleration estimates“. Informatics 19, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37661/1816-0301-2022-19-1-72-87.

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O b j e c t i v e s. The problem of efficient organization of the execution of sequential computational processes in the vector mode is solved, taking into account the capabilities of modern high-performance vector-pipeline computers. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the fact that processes that occur during cyclic data processing and in iterative algorithms are the most difficult to parallelize. In solving the problem, three main objectives were set. Construction of a mathematical model that takes into account the main architectural and computational features of modern vector-conveyor computers. Calculation of the optimal total execution time of vector operations. Evaluation of the time gain compared to the sequential mode of data processing.M e t h o d s. To achieve the objectives and to prove the main and auxiliary statements, an original method was used, including establishing the validity of the inductive assumptions in the cases under consideration, as well as an illustrative method of scheduling theory using Gantt charts.R e s u l t s . A vector model for the implementation of sequential calculations is proposed, which takes into account the main features of vector-conveyor computers. The optimal total execution time of sequential calculations in the vector mode is determined, and a lower estimate of the time gain is obtained in comparison with the sequential mode of their execution.C o n c l u s i o n. It has been established that when processing scalar input data in the sequential mode by vector operations with a pipeline length k, acceleration is possible by at least a factor nN (nk+N) , where N is the size of the input, n is the number of vector and corresponding scalar operations. The estimation of the time acceleration in the vectorization of calculations is compared with the sequential mode of their execution.

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Sarkowicz, Justyna. „Legal Representative in the Proceedings of Gathering E-evidence under European Production Order – de lege lata Remarks and de lege ferenda Postulates“. European Criminal Law Review 12, Nr. 1 (2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-5505-2022-1-101.

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The subject of this article is cross-border electronic evidence gathering. First, the process of recognition and execution of the European Production Order will be examined, followed by the process of non-execution of the European Production Order and the consequences of the above-mentioned non-execution. The entire work will be analyzed in the context of the executing authority which is the legal representative of the service provider. Analysis of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned processes in light of the threats to the rights of the suspect / accused will play a key role.

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Kafeza, Eleanna. „Advanced Temporal Constraints for Business Processes Modelling and Execution“. International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 8, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2018100101.

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In several applications like healthcare, time in workflow execution is critical. Several control and data dependencies arise that must be specified, validated as conflict free, and maintained during workflow execution. The author models these kinds of dependencies as constraints that impose temporal restrictions on the relative order of execution of the activities. Hence, a finer granularity of activity execution with respect to time is introduced. The author incorporates a subset of interval algebra in the workflow specification model and the author proposes the T-WfMc specification model. The author examines the consistency issues that arise, and the author proposes different correctness criteria.

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MCAVANEY, CHRISTOPHER, und ANDRZEJ GOSCINSKI. „AUTOMATIC PARALLELISATION AND EXECUTION OF APPLICATIONS ON CLUSTERS“. Journal of Interconnection Networks 02, Nr. 03 (September 2001): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265901000427.

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Parallel execution is a very efficient means of processing vast amounts of data in a small amount of time. Creating parallel applications has never been easy, and requires much knowledge of the task and the execution environment used to execute parallel processes. The process of creating parallel applications can be made easier through using a compiler that automatically parallelises a supplied application. Executing the parallel application is also simplified when a well designed execution environment is used. Such an execution environment provides very powerful operations to the programmer transparently. Combining both a parallelising compiler and execution environment and providing a fully automated parallelisation and execution tool is the aim of this research. The advantage of using such a fully automated tool is that the user does not need to provide any additional input to gain the benefits of parallel execution. This report shows the tool and how it transparently supports the programmer creating parallel applications and supports their execution.

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Marteniuk, Ronald G., und Christopher P. Bertram. „Selective Attention in Golf: Managing the Keys to the Door“. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 4, Nr. 1_suppl (September 2009): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795409789577470.

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An information processing approach is taken to explain the concept of selective attention as it occurs in planning and executing the golf swing. Selective attention is likened to a door that has access to the central planning and execution centres. Principles of controlling the door to allow only relevant information to enter the movement planning and execution processes are discussed. Practical implications of this information processing model are given.

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Shang, Zong Min. „An Exception Handling Approach for Service-Based Business Processes“. Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (Dezember 2012): 1700–1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1700.

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This paper proposes an exception handling mechanism for running reliable service-based business processes. With Smart Process-based Application Model that we have proposed, a smart process is generated automatically according to the execution of composite web services to better meet user’s individual requirements. However, the loosely-coupled nature of the smart process introduces more exceptions during its running. This paper will mainly focus on the failures of a smart process, and give an approach to handle exceptions. Based on Execution Transition Diagram(ETD) and several execution states we define in this paper, exceptions can be handled automatically by selecting rational transitions in the ETD during the execution of a smart process.

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Haake, Jorg M. „Cooperative learning and execution of work processes“. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Lifelong Learning 12, Nr. 5/6 (2002): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijceell.2002.002145.

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SCHULER, CHRISTOPH, HEIKO SCHULDT, CAN TÜRKER, ROGER WEBER und HANS-J. SCHEK. „PEER-TO-PEER EXECUTION OF (TRANSACTIONAL) PROCESSES“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 14, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2005): 377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843005001183.

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Standards like SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI facilitate the proliferation of services. Based on these technologies, processes are a means to combine services to applications and to provide new value-added services. For large information systems, a centralized process engine is no longer appropriate due to limited scalability. Instead, in this paper, we propose a distributed and decentralized process engine that routes process instances directly from one peer to the next. Such a peer-to-peer process execution promises good scalability characteristics since it is able to dynamically balance the load of processes and services among all available service providers. Therefore, navigation costs only accumulate on peers that are directly involved in the execution. However, this requires sophisticated strategies for the replication of meta-data for peer-to-peer process execution. Especially, replication mechanisms should avoid frequent accesses to global information repositories. In our system, called OSIRIS (Open Service Infrastructure for Reliable and Integrated Process Support), we deploy a publish/subscribe-based replication scheme together with freshness predicates to significantly reduce replication costs. This way, OSIRIS can support process-based applications in a dynamically evolving system without limiting scalability and correctness. Experiments have shown very promising results with respect to scalability. In addition, OSIRIS provides a flexible infrastructure that can be extended seamlessly in a modular way. This paper demonstrates the extension towards distributed concurrency control.

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Paslawski, Jerzy. „FLEXIBILITY APPROACH IN THE RUNWAY PAVEMENT USING FLEMANCO METHOD“. TRANSPORT 23, Nr. 4 (31.12.2008): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.341-350.

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The pressing problems of managing construction processes reveal themselves in discrepancies between plan and execution which seems to result in considerable measure from dependence on the changing environment. High variability, dynamics and uncertainty of execution conditions generate disturbances which could be avoided by applying flexibility ‐ creating a range of executive options enabling adjustment to changing environmental conditions. The principal advantages of implementing the proposed FLEMANCO (FLExibility MANagement in the COnstruction industry) method include better consistency between planning and an actual course of execution, lower changes in costs and execution time by considering various scenarios of execution conditions, the possibility of loss prevention and taking advantage of opportunities connected with the changing environment etc. The presented example concerns concreting a runway, although similar problems occur in concreting roads, yards, bridges as well as erecting high buildings, earthworks etc.

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Camacho-Conde, José A., Leire Legarra, Vanesa M. Bolinches, Patricia Cano, Mónica Guasch, María Llanos-Torres, Vanessa Serret, Miguel Mejías und Gema Climent. „Assessment of Attentional Processes in Patients with Anxiety-Depressive Disorders Using Virtual Reality“. Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, Nr. 12 (09.12.2021): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121341.

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To characterize the attention deficits in one-hundred-fifteen participants, comprising two types of clinical profiles (affective and anxiety disorder), through a test of continuous VR execution. Method: Three tests (i.e., Nesplora Aquarium, BDI, and STAI) were used to obtain a standardized measure of attention, as well as the existence and severity of depression and anxiety, respectively. Results: Significant differences (CI = 95%) were found between the control group and the group with depression, in variables related to the speed of visual processing (p = 0.008) in the absence of distractors (p = 0.041) and during the first dual execution task (p = 0.011). For scores related to sustained attention, patients with depression and those with anxiety did not differ from controls. Our results suggest attentional deficits in both clinical populations when performing a continuous performance test that involved the participation of the central executive system of working memory.

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Leibbrandt, JH, und CJ Botha. „Organization, People And Skills As An Enabler For Strategy Execution In Municipalities In South Africa“. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, Nr. 1 (23.12.2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i1.9028.

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The formal organizational structure, including the control systems, is an important factor in strategy execution. The structure can be defined as the relationship between tasks, individuals, and formal and informal channels. Getting things done in many organizations feels like walking in quicksand; there are too many meetings, too many reports, too much information and too many stakeholders. Business processes are not effective and decisions are delayed or unclear. Organizations are more and more complex and municipalities present the same trend and complexity currently. People and their skills are becoming an even higher strategic element in executing strategy in this complex environment. Well-aligned business processes are crucial for the strategy execution process. Organizational restructuring will not automatically lead to improved performance and is not a quick solution. People with the right skills, capabilities and attitude toward execution are key and even when an organizational structure is not perfect, they will perform and deliver what is expected.

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Літинський, В’ячеслав. „Технологія виконання смертних вироків працівниками НКВД у 1937-1938 роках“. Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, Nr. 49 (26.09.2024): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2024-49-30-36.

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The purpose of the article is to analyse the processes and methods used by the NKVD officers in the executions in 1937-1938. The author characterises the stages of execution by the NKVD officers in 1937-1938, using materials from archival and criminal cases, examines the peculiarities of the activities of the state security bodies, and reveals the consequences for the perpetrators after their mass executions. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (abstraction, analysis and synthesis, generalisation) and special historical (historical-systemic, historical-critical, problematic) methods with the application of the principles of historicism, scientificity and systematicity. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, using the materials of archival and criminal cases of NKVD officers, the author analyses the methods and procedures, circumstances, conditions of mass executions on the territory of Ukraine in 1937-1938, and reveals the impact of these methods on the psychological state of the Chekists. Conclusions. In 1937-1938, the NKVD carried out executions with extremely strict organisation and a clear division of responsibilities. The participants in the process had a specific task, but the common task was to keep the executions secret. The technology of execution was carefully regulated by NKVD Order No. 00447, which established the exact procedure for executions. Regulation, standardisation, secrecy, and the use of physical and moral violence are the main characteristics of the work of NKVD employees during mass executions. The NKVD officers involved in the execution process received special training, which included not only technical skills but also methods of psychological influence on the convicts. In general, the system of state security agencies was designed to maximise efficiency and minimise the risk of information leakage. Each stage of the execution was clearly defined: from the moment of arrest to the final execution. Executions were carried out in specially equipped rooms or in remote areas where maximum secrecy was ensured. Participation in such operations required not only technical skill, but also a high level of psychological stability.

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ANGELOV, SAMUIL, JOCHEM VONK, PAUL GREFEN und KRISHNAMURTHY VIDYASANKAR. „ENHANCING BUSINESS COLLABORATIONS WITH CLIENT-ORIENTED PROCESS CONTROL“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 20, Nr. 01 (März 2011): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843011002171.

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Nowadays, business collaborations have to be highly dynamic and flexible to allow companies to operate efficiently and effectively in complex and volatile markets. To increase the business agility of service consumers, it is fundamental that service providers enhance the visibility of parts of their collaborative processes. Service providers are required to release both the process structures of the services offered and their status during execution. To further increase the flexibility of business collaborations, certain control over the process execution has to be offered to service consumers. In this paper, we present a framework for the support of process control in cross-organizational settings. We specify the control primitives that can be used to exert control on activities and processes before, during and after their executions. These primitives empower service consumers to postpone activity and process executions, bypass minor activities, repeat their executions, etc. We describe an approach to the support of these control primitives by service providers. We demonstrate the application of our framework with a case study from the healthcare domain. A proof-of-concept prototype implementation based on Web service technology is presented.

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Lumbanraja, Brata Yoga. „E-FLOATING EXECUTION: INOVASI EKSEKUSI ELEKTRONIK PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM PROGRESIF“. Jurnal Hukum Progresif 12, Nr. 2 (28.10.2024): 109–19. https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.12.2.109-119.

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Technological developments influence the State Administrative Court system. Forming the E-Court from a progressive legal perspective is an effort by the law itself to adapt to the times. The aim of writing this article is to provide innovative electronic systems for administrative courts in Indonesia. The concept of E-Floating Execution (Electronic Floating Execution) will be developed with the help of progressive legal theory thinking. doctrinal research method with a conceptual and comparative approach. This concept refers to using digital technology to automate and speed up the process of executing court decisions. The French state has the application "Télérecours" serving as an important tool to facilitate electronic communication at every stage of procedures before administrative courts. The Concept of E-Floating Execution (Electronic Floating Execution) Innovation in Electronic Execution of State Administrative Courts in Progressive Legal Development has the potential to Increase Accessibility, Speed Up Legal Processes, and Transparency and Accountability.

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Lodhi, Azeem, Veit Küppen und Gunter Saake. „An Extension of BPMN Meta-model for Evaluation of Business Processes“. Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Computer Sciences 43, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10143-011-0004-7.

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An Extension of BPMN Meta-model for Evaluation of Business ProcessesBusiness process modeling is used for better understanding and communication of company's processes. Mostly, business process modeling is discussed from the information system development perspective. Execution of a business process involves various factors (costs and time) which are important and should be represented in business process models. Controlling of business units uses post execution analysis for detection of failures for improvement. The process models conceived for information system development are not sufficient for post execution analysis. This paper focuses on the challenges of business process modeling in the post execution context. We provide a meta model for evaluation of a business process and discuss BPMN in this context. We also extend existing BPMN meta model for performance analysis of business processes. The proposed extensions are presented with the help of an example.

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Du, Yanhua, Na Li und Hesuan Hu. „Self-Adaptive Execution of Data-Aware Workflow Processes“. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 16, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2020): 7295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2961664.

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Xiping Song und L. J. Osterweil. „Engineering software design processes to guide process execution“. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 24, Nr. 9 (1998): 759–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.713330.

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Kovalenko, N. S., und V. M. Metel'skii. „Execution time of competing processes in distributed processing“. Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 32, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02366580.

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Moffitt, Kelly L., S. Lorraine Martin und Brian Walker. „From sentencing to execution – the processes of apoptosis“. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62, Nr. 5 (Mai 2010): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.62.05.0001.

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31

Hrastnik, Peter. „Execution of business processes based on web services“. International Journal of Electronic Business 2, Nr. 5 (2004): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeb.2004.005886.

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Cai, Kai-Yuan, und Bei-Bei Yin. „Software execution processes as an evolving complex network☆“. Information Sciences 179, Nr. 12 (30.05.2009): 1903–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2009.01.011.

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Oh, Jeyeon, Nam Wook Cho, Hoontae Kim, Yunhong Min und Suk-Ho Kang. „Dynamic execution planning for reliable collaborative business processes“. Information Sciences 181, Nr. 2 (Januar 2011): 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2010.09.019.

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Falazi, Ghareeb, Michael Hahn, Uwe Breitenbücher und Frank Leymann. „Modeling and execution of blockchain-aware business processes“. SICS Software-Intensive Cyber-Physical Systems 34, Nr. 2-3 (06.02.2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00450-019-00399-5.

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35

Sadyrbaeva, A. S., S. E. Baybotaeva, A. M. Turebekova, B. E. Umbet, V. G. Golubev und V. P. Bondarenko. „HARDWARE EXECUTION OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS PURIFICATION PROCESSES“. Международный студенческий научный вестник (International Student Scientific Herald), Nr. 3 2024 (2024): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/msnv.21573.

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Hamidi, Beqir, und Lindita Hamidi. „Synchronization Possibilities and Features in Java“. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, Nr. 1 (30.04.2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i1.p75-84.

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In this paper we have discussed one of the greatest features of the general purpose computer programming language –Java. This paper represents concepts of Synchronization possibilities and features in Java. Today's operating systems support concept of "Multitasking". Multitasking achieved by executing more than one task at a same time. Tasks runs on threads. Multitasking runs more than one task at a same time. Multitasking which means doing many things at the same time is one of the most fundamental concepts in computer engineering and computer science because the processor execute given tasks in parallel so it makes me think that are executing simultaneously. Multitasking is related to other fundamental concepts like processes and threads. A process is a computer program that is executing in a processor, while a thread is a part of a process that has a way of execution: it is a thread of execution. Every process has at least one thread of execution. There are two types of multitasking: process – based and thread – based. Process-based multitasking, means that on a given computer there can be more than one program or process that is executing, while thread-based multitasking, which is also known as multithreading, means that within a process, there can be more than one thread of execution, each of them doing a job and so accomplishing the job of their process. When there are many processes or many threads within processes, they may have to cooperate with each other or concurrently try to get access to some shared computer resources like: processor, memory and input/output devices. They may have to, for example: print a file in a printer or write and/or read to the same file. We need a way of setting an order, where processes and/or threads could do their jobs (user jobs) without any problem, we need to synchronize them. Java has built-in support for process and thread synchronization, there are some constructs that we can use when we need to do synchronization.This paper, a first phase discussed the concept of Parall Programming, threads, how to create a thread, using a thread, working with more than one thread. Second phase is about synchronization, what is in general and in the end we disscused the synchronization possibilities and feautures in Java.

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Hamidi, Beqir, und Lindita Hamidi. „Synchronization Possibilities and Features in Java“. European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering 6, Nr. 2 (10.08.2023): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejfe-2023-0019.

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Abstract In this paper we have discussed one of the greatest features of the general-purpose computer programming language –Java. This paper represents concepts of Synchronization possibilities and features in Java. Today’s operating systems support concept of “Multitasking”. Multitasking achieved by executing more than one task at a same time. Tasks runs on threads. Multitasking runs more than one task at a same time. Multitasking which means doing many things at the same time is one of the most fundamental concepts in computer engineering and computer science because the processor execute given tasks in parallel so it makes me think that are executing simultaneously. Multitasking is related to other fundamental concepts like processes and threads. A process is a computer program that is executing in a processor, while a thread is a part of a process that has a way of execution: it is a thread of execution. Every process has at least one thread of execution. There are two types of multitasking: process – based and thread – based. Process-based multitasking, means that on a given computer there can be more than one program or process that is executing, while thread-based multitasking, which is also known as multithreading, means that within a process, there can be more than one thread of execution, each of them doing a job and so accomplishing the job of their process. When there are many processes or many threads within processes, they may have to cooperate with each other or concurrently try to get access to some shared computer resources like: processor, memory and input/output devices. They may have to, for example: print a file in a printer or write and/or read to the same file. We need a way of setting an order, where processes and/or threads could do their jobs (user jobs) without any problem, we need to synchronize them. Java has built-in support for process and thread synchronization, there are some constructs that we can use when we need to do synchronization.This paper, a first phase discussed the concept of Parall Programming, threads, how to create a thread, using a thread, working with more than one thread. Second phase is about synchronization, what is in general and in the end we disscused the synchronization possibilities and feautures in Java.

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Caimi, Luciano Lores, Rafael Faccenda und Fernando Gehm Moraes. „A Survey on Security Mechanisms for NoC-based Many-Core SoCs“. Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, Nr. 2 (16.08.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i2.485.

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The adoption of many-cores systems introduces the concern for data protection as a critical design requirement due to the resource sharing and the simultaneous executions of several applications on the platform. A secure application that processes sensitive data may have its security harmed by a malicious process. The literature contains several proposals to protect many-cores against attacks, focusing on the protection of the application execution or the access to shared memories. However, there is a gap to be fulfilled: a solution covering the entire application lifetime, including its admission, execution, and peripheral's access. This survey discusses three security-related issues: the secure admission of applications, the prevention of resource sharing during their execution, and the safe access to external devices. This survey concludes with an evaluation of the studied methods, pointing out directions and research opportunities.

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Essafi, Mehrez, und Henda Ben Ghezala. „Meta-Modeling Based Secure Software Development Processes“. International Journal of Secure Software Engineering 5, Nr. 3 (Juli 2014): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsse.2014070104.

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This work suggests a multilevel support to software developers, who often lack knowledge and skills on how to proceed to develop secure software. In fact, developing software with such quality is a hard and complex task that involves many additional security-dedicated activities which are usually omitted in traditional software development lifecycles or integrated but not efficiently and appropriately deployed in some others. To federate all these software security-assurance activities in a structured way and provide the required guidelines for choosing and using them in a flexible development process, authors used meta-modeling techniques and dynamic process execution that consider developer's affinities and product's states. The proposed approach formalizes existing secure software development processes, allows integration of new ones, prevents ad-hoc executions and is supported by a tool to facilitate its deployment. A case study is given here to exemplify the proposed approach application and to illustrate some of its advantages.

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Wang, Qi Feng. „Service-Driven Networked Collaborative Manufacturing Execution Platform for Extended Enterprises“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (Oktober 2009): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.88.

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To effectively realize the collaboration in manufacturing processes for extended enterprises, this paper provided a service-driven networked collaborative manufacturing execution platform and its framework based upon the analysis of requirements for networked collaborative manufacturing, and the components of the platform were deeply studied. Furthermore, the collaborative operation processes were studied from three processes which include the process of manufacturing resource services modeling and register, the process of manufacturing task committing and manufacturing execution chain generation, and the process of manufacturing execution chain execution and monitoring. The study of this paper provided a feasible system and operation mode for the extended enterprises in manufacturing process collaboration.

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Morales-Sandoval, Miguel, José A. Molina, Heidy M. Marin-Castro und Jose Luis Gonzalez-Compean. „Blockchain support for execution, monitoring and discovery of inter-organizational business processes“. PeerJ Computer Science 7 (29.09.2021): e731. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.731.

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In an Inter-Organizational Business Process (IOBP), independent organizations (collaborators) exchange messages to perform business transactions. With process mining, the collaborators could know what they are actually doing from process execution data and take actions for improving the underlying business process. However, process mining assumes that the knowledge of the entire process is available, something that is difficult to achieve in IOBPs since process execution data generally is not shared among the collaborating entities due to regulations and confidentiality policies (exposure of customers’ data or business secrets). Additionally, there is an inherently lack-of-trust problem in IOBP as the collaborators are mutually untrusted and executed IOBP can be subject to dispute on counterfeiting actions. Recently, Blockchain has been suggested for IOBP execution management to mitigate the lack-of-trust problem. Independently, some works have suggested the use of Blockchain to support process mining tasks. In this paper, we study and address the problem of IOBP mining whose management and execution is supported by Blockchain. As contribution, we present an approach that takes advantage of Blockchain capabilities to tackle, at the same time, the lack-of-trust problem (management and execution) and confident execution data collection for process mining (discovery and conformance) of IOBPs. We present a method that (i) ensures the business rules for the correct execution and monitoring of the IOBP by collaborators, (ii) creates the event log, with data cleaning integrated, at the time the IOBP executes, and (iii) produces useful event log in XES and CSV format for the discovery and conformance checking tasks in process mining. By a set of experiments on real IOBPs, we validate our method and evaluate its impact in the resulting discovered models (fitness and precision metrics). Results revealed the effectiveness of our method to cope with both the lack-of-trust problem in IOBPs at the time that contributes to collect the data for process mining. Our method was implemented as a software tool available to the community as open-source code.

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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Mina Hajian und Amene Doroodgar. „Modeling of LSF Technology in Building Design and Construction Case-Study: Parand Residential Complex, Iran“. Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.447.

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The adopted strategy to overcome the housing shortage crisis in Iran is the mass production. The way forward to accelerate the mass production, is adopting the industrial building systems with the increased prefabrication. One of the most optimal new building systems is Lightweight Steel Framing (LSF) Technology. Parand Residential Complex as the first serious project to industrialize the construction processes in Iran is facing the various problems during the processes of manufacture and execution of LSF components. The research aim is to offer an optimized model for manufacturing and execution processes of LSF Technology in the constructive projects which in it the deficiencies are compensated and strengths are intensified. So, case-studies and combined strategies has adopted as research method and based on it, the manufacture and execution processes of LSF technology in the case-study, were taken into consideration to recognize the existing advantages and disadvantages. The results of the research show that disadvantages of the manufacture and execution processes can be improved into one combined model. Finally, with offering four strategies to compensate the deficiencies and three strategies to intensify the strengths, the paper develops a model to coordinate the processes of manufacturing and execution in LSF technology in building design and construction.

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AIELLO, MARCO, und ALEXANDER LAZOVIK. „MONITORING ASSERTION-BASED BUSINESS PROCESSES“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 15, Nr. 03 (September 2006): 359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001396.

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Business processes that span organizational borders describe the interaction between multiple parties working towards a common objective. They also express business rules that govern the behavior of the process and account for expressing changes reflecting new business objectives and new market situations. We developed a service request language and support framework that allow users to formulate their requests against standard business processes.19 In this paper, we extend the approach by presenting a framework capable of automatically associating business rules with relevant processes involved in a user request. This framework plans and monitors the execution of the request and assertions against services underlying these processes. Definitions and classifications of business rules (named assertions in the paper) are given together with an assertion language for expressing them. The framework is able to handle the non-determinism typical for service-oriented computing environments and it is based on the interleaving of planning and execution. Interestingly, the language is able to express both functional and non-functional aspects of the assertions.

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Stephan, Franziska, Henrik Saalbach und Sonja Rossi. „Inner versus Overt Speech Production: Does This Make a Difference in the Developing Brain?“ Brain Sciences 10, Nr. 12 (05.12.2020): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120939.

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Studies in adults showed differential neural processing between overt and inner speech. So far, it is unclear whether inner and overt speech are processed differentially in children. The present study examines the pre-activation of the speech network in order to disentangle domain-general executive control from linguistic control of inner and overt speech production in 6- to 7-year-olds by simultaneously applying electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Children underwent a picture-naming task in which the pure preparation of a subsequent speech production and the actual execution of speech can be differentiated. The preparation phase does not represent speech per se but it resembles the setting up of the language production network. Only the fNIRS revealed a larger activation for overt, compared to inner, speech over bilateral prefrontal to parietal regions during the preparation phase. Findings suggest that the children’s brain can prepare the subsequent speech production. The preparation for overt and inner speech requires different domain-general executive control. In contrast to adults, the children’s brain did not show differences between inner and overt speech when a concrete linguistic content occurs and a concrete execution is required. This might indicate that domain-specific executive control processes are still under development.

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HADDIX, F. FURMAN. „AN ORDER DEGREE ALTERNATOR FOR ARBITRARY TOPOLOGIES“. Parallel Processing Letters 18, Nr. 02 (Juni 2008): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626408003405.

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An alternator is an arbitrary set of interacting processes that satisfies three conditions. First, if a process executes its critical section, then no neighbor of that process can execute its critical section at the same state. Second, along any infinite sequence of system states, each process will execute its critical section, an infinite number of times. Third, along any maximally concurrent computation, the alternator will stabilize to a sequence of states in which the processes will execute their critical sections in alternation. A principal reason for interest in alternators is their ability to transform systems correct under serial execution semantics to systems that are correct under concurrent execution semantics. An earlier alternator for arbitrary topology required 2q states where q is the dependency graph circumference and after stabilization would wait 2q steps between critical section executions. In a synchronous environment, this alternator requires only 2d+1 states where d is the degree of the graph of process dependencies for the system and after stabilization will require a wait of 2d+1 steps between critical section executions. In an asynchronous environment, the synchronization properties of this alternator must be supplemented with an asynchronous unison algorithm. The asynchronous unison algorithm requires expansion of the required number of states to dt, where t is the longest chordless cycle in the dependency graph; however, the required wait between critical section executions remains O(d).

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Müller, R., L. Hörauf, C. Speicher und D. Burkhard. „Transparente Produktionsprozesse/Transparent production processes – Information gathering through retrofitting of existing machinery for the transparent control of production processes“. wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, Nr. 04 (2019): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-04-21.

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Die Produktion nach Kundenwunsch erhöht die Komplexität in der industriellen Produktion und deren Steuerung. Informationen aus verschiedenen Bereichen und Prozessen sind notwendig, um den Verantwortlichen eine Assistenz in der Produktion zu bieten. Der Beitrag beschreibt das Retrofitting von Materialwagen zum automatisierten Erfassen und Lokalisieren von Beständen in der Produktion von Weißer Ware zur Unterstützung der Steuerungsprozesse mittels Manufacturing Execution System (MES).   Production according to customer requirements increases the complexity and control effort in industrial production. Information from different production areas and processes is necessary to assist those employees in production. The article describes the retrofitting of material shuttle for automated gathering and localization of material in the production of white goods to support the control processes in production via a Manufacturing Execution System (MES).

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Yu, Denisov D., Ph D. ,. Mylnikova A. N und Ph D. ,. Tarasova N. V. „Typical Control System for Adoption and Execution of Management Decisions“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 4.36 (01.12.2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.22705.

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The present article proposes a typical system for managing processes of adoption and execution of managerial decisions, created on the basis of the classical management system with negative feedback. Based on the analysis of the similarities and differences of operational, tactical and strategic decisions, and due to the presence of a single structure and the same functions of management decisions, the possibility of creating a typical system for managing processes of adoption and execution of management decisions is formulated. A management model is proposed that includes units of comparison, blocks of processes adoption, execution and analysis of the execution of management decisions, as well as preliminary, current and follow-up blocks. On the contrary, current and subsequent types of control are used as the inverse negative relationship, on the basis of which the adjustment of the decision-making and execution of managerial decisions, as well as the analysis of the results obtained, is ensured. The implementation of each type of control also includes the organization of preventive control and planning of all verification activities. In the management system for adoption and execution of management decisions, the role of collecting, processing, organizing and storing the information used is emphasized, which is consistent with the basic task of follow-up - accumulation and use of practical experience in making management decisions. This system provides processes for adoption and execution of strategic, tactical and operational management decisions.

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Lamghari, Zineb. „Unstructured Business Processes Improvement using Process Mining Techniques“. ASM Science Journal 17 (18.03.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2022.965.

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Executing loosely structured processes generate unstructured behaviours. Thus, an Unstructured Business Process (UBP) still has more issues that are difficult to be analysed and to be understood due to its complexity and variability. Moreover, the need of an instantiate response is clearly appeared in operational systems. Therefore, it is required to study related challenges that can be acquired during the transition from the structured BP to the unstructured one. In this context, process mining plays a dominant role to understand business process complexity using event data resulted from business process execution. Mainly, this paper treats three challenges related to unstructured BPs. The first challenge is how to support UBPs at runtime using process mining techniques. The second challenge is how to manage UBP variability taking into consideration variant conditions. The third challenge is how to adapt dynamically UBPs according to the company business rules and conditions.

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Keller, M. „COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR BTO PLANNING AND EXECUTION PROCESSES“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, Nr. 3 (2006): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-fr-2903.00165.

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Giglio, Davide, Riccardo Minciardi, Simona Sacone und Silvia Siri. „Optimal Control of Production Processes with Variable Execution Times“. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems 19, Nr. 3 (13.02.2009): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10626-009-0063-x.

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