Zeitschriftenartikel: „EXTENDED BBO“

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Allaoui, Samia, Yahia Laamari, Kheireddine Chafaa und Salah Saad. „Position and Speed Estimation of PMSM Based on Extended Kalman Filter Tuned by Biogeography-Based-Optimization“. Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, Nr. 4 (31.08.2021): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540405.

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In a sensorless control of PMSM based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the correct selection of system and measurement noise covariance has a great influence on the estimation performances of the filter. In fact, it is extremely difficult to find their optimal values by trial and error method. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is to prove the efficiency of Biogeography-Based-Optimization (BBO) technique to obtain the optimal noise covariance matrices Q and R. The BBO and EKF combination gives a BBO-EKF algorithm, which allows to estimate all the state variables of PMSM drive particularly, the rotor position and speed. In this paper, three evolutionary algorithms namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), genetic algorithms (GAs) and BBO are used to get the best Q and R of EKF. Simulations tests performed in Matlab Simulink environment show excellent performance of BBO-EKF compared to GAs-EKF and PSO-EKF approaches either in resolution or in convergence speed.

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Tlach, Brian C., Aimée L. Tomlinson, Kiley D. Morgan, Christopher R. Collins, Michael D. Zenner und Malika Jeffries-EL. „Effect of Extended Conjugation on the Optoelectronic Properties of Benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bisoxazole Polymers“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, Nr. 5 (2014): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13528.

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Four copolymers comprising benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisoxazole (BBO) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) bearing phenylethynyl substituents on either the BBO, BDT moieties or both units were synthesised and the influence of two-dimensional conjugation on their optoelectronic properties investigated. Extending conjugation along the BBO resulted in a 0.5 eV decrease in the LUMO level, whereas the HOMO level was raised by 0.2 eV. Extending conjugation across the BDT moiety in also resulted in a 0.5 eV decrease in the LUMO level, however, the effect was negligible on the HOMO level. Thus, cross-conjugation can be used to independently tune the LUMO level within these systems.

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Cruz, Ricardo Machado. „Treatment of a Class III growing patient with mandibular prognathism and severe anterior crossbite“. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, Nr. 4 (August 2012): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000400027.

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The treatment of growing patients with Class III skeletal pattern represents one of the greatest clinical challenges for the orthodontist. Several treatment protocols have been proposed, almost all involving rapid maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction. However, there are cases where the maxilla is properly positioned in the anteroposterior direction and there is no transverse discrepancy, featuring only a mandibular prognathism. In such cases, when there is a set of favorable factors such as lack of laterognathism and lower mandibular plane angle, a viable option and which could prove quite interesting is the use of orthodontic chin cup during the night, aiming at trying to redirect the forward growth of the mandible. To have success, it is necessary that this procedure involves pubertal growth spurt and is extended to full skeletal maturation. This case was presented to the board of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to become a BBO Diplomate.

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Mostafa Bozorgi, Seyed, und Samaneh Yazdani. „IWOA: An improved whale optimization algorithm for optimization problems“. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, Nr. 3 (15.02.2019): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.02.002.

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Abstract The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a new bio-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm which is presented based on the social hunting behavior of humpback whales. WOA suffers premature convergence that causes it to trap in local optima. In order to overcome this limitation of WOA, in this paper WOA is hybridized with differential evolution (DE) which has good exploration ability for function optimization problems. The proposed method is named Improved WOA (IWOA). The proposed method, combines exploitation of WOA with exploration of DE and therefore provides a promising candidate solution. In addition, IWOA+ is presented in this paper which is an extended form of IWOA. IWOA+ utilizes re-initialization and adaptive parameter which controls the whole search process to obtain better solutions. IWOA and IWOA+ are validated on a set of 25 benchmark functions, and they are compared with PSO, DE, BBO, DE/BBO, PSO/GSA, SCA, MFO and WOA. Furthermore, the effects of dimensionality and population size on the performance of our proposed algorithms are studied. The results demonstrate that IWOA and IWOA+ outperform the other algorithms in terms of quality of the final solution and convergence rate. Highlights The exploration ability of WOA is improved via hybridizing it with DE's mutation. A new adaptive strategy is utilized for balancing the exploration and exploitation abilities. Re-initialization is used to increase the diversity of population. Two improvements are presented for WOA through balancing its exploration and exploitation. The results show that the proposed algorithms can improve the performance of WOA significantly.

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Zhang, Shuai, Song Xu, Wenyu Zhang, Dejian Yu und Kai Chen. „A hybrid approach combining an extended BBO algorithm with an intuitionistic fuzzy entropy weight method for QoS-aware manufacturing service supply chain optimization“. Neurocomputing 272 (Januar 2018): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.07.011.

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Reddy, M. Sravan Kumar, und Dharmendra Singh Rajput. „Design and Development of Ternary-Based Anomaly Detection in Semantic Graphs Using Metaheuristic Algorithm“. International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 13, Nr. 5 (September 2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.20210901.oa3.

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At present, the field of homeland security faces many obstacles while determining abnormal or suspicious entities within the huge set of data. Several approaches have been adopted from social network analysis and data mining; however, it is challenging to identify the objective of abnormal instances within the huge complicated semantic graphs. The abnormal node is the one that takes an individual or abnormal semantic in the network. Hence, for defining this notion, a graph structure is implemented for generating the semantic profile of each node by numerous kinds of nodes and links that are associated to the node in a specific distance via edges. Once the graph structure is framed, the ternary list is formed on the basis of its adjacent nodes. The abnormalities in the nodes are detected by introducing a new optimization concept referred to as biogeography optimization with fitness sorted update (BO-FBU), which is the extended version of the standard biogeography optimization algorithm (BBO). The abnormal behavior in the network is identified by the similarities among the derived rule features. Further, the performance of the proposed model is compared to the other classical models in terms of certain performance measures. These techniques will be useful to detect digital crime and forensics.

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Orlando, Giorgio. „Probing parity-odd bispectra with anisotropies of GW V modes“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, Nr. 12 (01.12.2022): 019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/12/019.

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Abstract It is well known that non-trivial squeezed tensor bispectra can lead to anisotropies in the inflationary stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background, providing us with an alternative and complementary window to primordial non-Gaussianities (NGs) with respect to the CMB. Previous works have highlighted the detection prospects of parity-even tensor NGs via the GW I-mode anisotropies. In this work we extend this by analysing for the first time the additional information carried by GW V-mode anisotropies due to squeezed NGs. We show that GW V modes allow us to probe parity-odd squeezed 〈 tts 〉 and 〈 ttt 〉 bispectra. These bispectra break parity at the non-linear level and can be introduced by allowing alternative symmetry breaking patterns during inflation, like those comprised in solid inflation. Considering a BBO-like experiment, we find that a non-zero detection of squeezed 〈 tts 〉 parity-odd bispectra in the V modes dipole is possible without requiring any short-scale enhancement of the GW power spectrum amplitude over the constraints set by the CMB. We also briefly discuss the role of V-CMB cross-correlations. Our work can be extended in several directions and motivates a systematic search for polarized GW anisotropies in the next generations of GW experiments.

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Schöneberg, Nils, Licia Verde, Héctor Gil-Marín und Samuel Brieden. „BAO+BBN revisited — growing the Hubble tension with a 0.7 km/s/Mpc constraint“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, Nr. 11 (01.11.2022): 039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/11/039.

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Abstract The combination of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data together with light element abundance measurements from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) has been shown to constrain the cosmological expansion history to an unprecedented degree. Using the newest LUNA data and DR16 data from SDSS, the BAO+BBN probe puts tight constraints on the Hubble constant (H 0 = 67.6 ± 1.0 km/s/Mpc), resulting in a 3.7σ tension with the local distance ladder determination from SH0ES in a ΛCDM model. In the updated BAO data the high- and low-redshift subsets are mutually in excellent agreement, and there is no longer a mild internal tension to artificially enhance the constraints. Adding the recently-developed ShapeFit analysis yields H 0 = 68.3 ± 0.7 km/s/Mpc (3.8σ tension). For combinations with additional data sets, there is a strong synergy with the sound horizon information of the cosmic microwave background, which leads to one of the tightest constraints to date, H 0 = 68.30 ± 0.45 km/s/Mpc, in 4.2σ tension with SH0ES. The region preferred by this combination is perfectly in agreement with that preferred by ShapeFit. The addition of supernova data also yields a 4.2σ tension with SH0ES for Pantheon, and a 3.5σ tension for PantheonPLUS. Finally, we show that there is a degree of model-dependence of the BAO+BBN constraints with respect to early-time solutions of the Hubble tension, and the loss of constraining power in extended models depends on whether the model can be additionally constrained from BBN observations.

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Zhao, Cheng, Andrei Variu, Mengfan He, Daniel Forero-Sánchez, Amélie Tamone, Chia-Hsun Chuang, Francisco-Shu Kitaura et al. „The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological implications from multitracer BAO analysis with galaxies and voids“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, Nr. 4 (13.02.2022): 5492–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac390.

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ABSTRACT We construct cosmic void catalogues with the dive void finder upon SDSS BOSS DR12 and eBOSS DR16 galaxy samples with BAO reconstruction, and perform a joint BAO analysis using different types of galaxies and the corresponding voids. The BAO peak is evident for the galaxy–galaxy, galaxy–void, and void–void correlation functions of all data sets, including the ones cross-correlating LRG and ELG samples. Two multitracer BAO fitting schemes are tested, one combining the galaxy and void correlation functions with a weight applied to voids, and the other using a single BAO dilation parameter for all clustering measurements. Both methods produce consistent results with mock catalogues, and on average ∼10 per cent improvements of the BAO statistical uncertainties are observed for all samples, compared to the results from galaxies alone. By combining the clustering of galaxies and voids, the uncertainties of BAO measurements from the SDSS data are reduced by 5–15 per cent, yielding 0.9 per cent, 0.8 per cent, 1.1 per cent, 2.3 per cent, and 2.9 per cent constraints on the distance $D_{_{\rm V}}(z)$, at effective redshifts 0.38, 0.51, 0.70, 0.77, and 0.85, respectively. When combined with BAO measurements from SDSS MGS, QSO, and Lyα samples, as well as the BBN results, we obtain $H_0 = 67.58 \pm 0.91\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, Ωm = 0.290 ± 0.015, and $\Omega _\Lambda h^2 = 0.3241 \pm 0.0079$ in the flat-ΛCDM framework, where the 1σ uncertainties are around 6 per cent, 6 per cent, and 17 per cent smaller respectively, compared to constraints from the corresponding anisotropic BAO measurements without voids and LRG–ELG cross-correlations.

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Sharaf, Asmaa E., Wael A. Khalil, Ezz I. Khalifa, Mohamed A. Nassan, Ayman A. Swelum und Mostafa A. El-Harairy. „The Supplementation of Bee Bread Methanolic Extract to Egg Yolk or Soybean Lecithin Extenders Can Improve the Quality of Cryopreserved Ram Semen“. Cells 11, Nr. 21 (27.10.2022): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11213403.

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Bee bread has numerous nutritional benefits and bioactive compounds. Other bee byproducts have been used as extender additives to improve semen cryopreservation. Here, we examined the effects of supplementing egg yolk extender (EYE) or soybean lecithin extender (SBLE) with bee bread extract (BBE) on the quality of cryopreserved ram semen. Semen was collected from five adult Rahmani rams once a week for 7 weeks. EYE and SBLE were supplemented with BBE. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, and total soluble carbohydrate levels of BBE were measured. Sperm characteristics, including progressive motility, viability, abnormalities, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity, were analyzed after equilibration, thawing, and thawing followed by a 2-h incubation. The total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total acid phosphatase levels in extenders were determined after thawing. Sperm apoptosis was analyzed using annexin V assays. SBLE was more effective than EYE for cryopreserving ram semen. Extender supplementation with BBE improved ram semen quality during freezing in a concentration-dependent pattern. Motility, vitality, and membrane integrity were particularly enhanced in BBE-treated semen. Additionally, BBE promoted antioxidant and enzymatic activities and reduced apoptosis in semen. Thus, extender supplementation with BBE improved sperm cryopreservation.

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Marchant, T. R. „Solitary wave interaction for the extended BBM equation“. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 456, Nr. 1994 (08.02.2000): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2000.0524.

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Seadawy, A. R., und A. Sayed. „Traveling Wave Solutions of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Water Wave Equations“. Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/926838.

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The modeling of unidirectional propagation of long water waves in dispersive media is presented. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equations are derived from water waves models. New traveling solutions of the KdV and BBM equations are obtained by implementing the extended direct algebraic and extended sech-tanh methods. The stability of the obtained traveling solutions is analyzed and discussed.

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Kontopodis, Eleftherios, Kostas Marias, Georgios C. Manikis, Katerina Nikiforaki, Maria Venianaki, Thomas G. Maris, Vasileios Mastorodemos, Georgios Z. Papadakis und Efrosini Papadaki. „Extended perfusion protocol for MS lesion quantification“. Open Medicine 15, Nr. 1 (08.06.2020): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0100.

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AbstractThis study aims to examine a time-extended dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) protocol and report a comparative study with three different pharmacokinetic (PK) models, for accurate determination of subtle blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This time-extended DCE-MRI perfusion protocol, called Snaps, was applied on 24 active demyelinating lesions of 12 MS patients. Statistical analysis was performed for both protocols through three different PK models. The Snaps protocol achieved triple the window time of perfusion observation by extending the magnetic resonance acquisition time by less than 2 min on average for all patients. In addition, the statistical analysis in terms of adj-R2 goodness of fit demonstrated that the Snaps protocol outperformed the conventional DCE-MRI protocol by detecting 49% more pixels on average. The exclusive pixels identified from the Snaps protocol lie in the low ktrans range, potentially reflecting areas with subtle BBB disruption. Finally, the extended Tofts model was found to have the highest fitting accuracy for both analyzed protocols. The previously proposed time-extended DCE protocol, called Snaps, provides additional temporal perfusion information at the expense of a minimal extension of the conventional DCE acquisition time.

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McGarry, Sean V. „Extended Curettage for Benign Bone Lesions“. Techniques in Orthopaedics 22, Nr. 2 (Juni 2007): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bto.0b013e31811f35d4.

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Tabbara, K. F. „Extended wear contact lens related bacterial keratitis“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 84, Nr. 3 (01.03.2000): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.84.3.327.

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Mahmud, Md Abdullah Al, und Md Tareq Mussa. „COMPARATIVE MACRO ANATOMY OF FORELIMB BONES OF BLACK BENGAL GOAT AND INDIGENOUS DOG: AN OVER VIEW“. American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 3, Nr. 1 (28.03.2017): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v3i1.16.

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A macro anatomic study was undertaken to compare the forelimb bones of predominant Black Bengal Goat (BBG) and Indigenous Dog in Bangladesh by means of visual observation. Twelve matured (6 BBGs and 6 dogs) male animals were sacrificed ethically to prepare the skeleton without any destruction. The observation revealed that the scapular spine unequally divided the lateral surface in BBG whereas it divided the lateral surface into two equal halves in dog. The tuber scapulae of dog was blunt but slender in BBG. On the other hand coracoid process was absent in dog. Acromion process was short, blunt and extended up to the level of glenoid cavity but in case of BBG it does not reach to the glenoid cavity. The humerus of dog was comparatively longer, less twisted, round head and more convex. A large supratrochlear foramen at the distal end of the humerus was present in dog but absent in BBG. Radius and ulna appeared as two separate bones in dog but fused in BBG where the interosseous space was narrow and extended throughout the length of the bones of dog. There were seven bones in the carpus of dog; three at the proximal and four at the distal row but six bones in BBG; three in proximal and three in distal row. On the other hand five metacarpal bones in dog but one bone in BBG were found. Only two digit where two sesamoid bones for each proximal digit and one for distal digit in case of BBG but five digits where nine proximal (two for each developed digit and one for first) and five distal sesamoid bones were found in dog. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the anatomy of the forelimbs bones of BBG were differed from indigenous dog in various point of view.

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Wang, Dandan, Gong-Bo Zhao, Yuting Wang, Will J. Percival, Rossana Ruggeri, Fangzhou Zhu, Rita Tojeiro et al. „The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: anisotropic Baryon Acoustic Oscillations measurements in Fourier-space with optimal redshift weights“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 477, Nr. 2 (10.03.2018): 1528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty654.

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Abstract We present a measurement of the anisotropic and isotropic Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 14 quasar sample with optimal redshift weights. Applying the redshift weights improves the constraint on the BAO dilation parameter α(zeff) by 17 per cent. We reconstruct the evolution history of the BAO distance indicators in the redshift range of 0.8 < z < 2.2. This paper is part of a set that analyses the eBOSS DR14 quasar sample.

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Moslehian, Mohammad. „Asymptotic behavior of the extended Jensen equation“. Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 46, Nr. 1 (01.03.2009): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.2008.1077.

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We introduce the extended Jensen equation \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{bbm} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$q^n f\left( {\frac{{x_1 + ....x_{q^n } }} {{q^n }}} \right) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{q^n } {f(x_i )} ,$$ \end{document} where q > 1 and n are fixed positive integers. We investigate the stability and the asymptotic behavior of the above extended Jensen equation and prove that if 0 < p < 1 and f is a mapping from a normed space into a Banach space with f (0) = 0 which p -asymptotically satisfies the above equation, then it is p -asymptotic close to a linear mapping.

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Liu, Ming-Zhu, und Li-Sheng Geng. „Prediction of an Ω_bbbΩ_bbb Dibaryon in the Extended One-Boson Exchange Model“. Chinese Physics Letters 38, Nr. 10 (01.11.2021): 101201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/10/101201.

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Since Yukawa proposed that the pion is responsible for mediating the nucleon-nucleon interaction, meson exchanges have been widely used in understanding hadron-hadron interactions. The most studied mesons are the σ, π, ρ, and ω, while other heavier mesons are often argued to be less relevant because they lead to short range interactions. However, whether the range of interactions is short or long should be judged with respect to the size of the system studied. We propose that one charmonium exchange is responsible for the formation of the ΩcccΩccc dibaryon, recently predicted by lattice QCD simulations. The same approach can be extended to the strangeness and bottom sectors, leading to the prediction on the existence of ΩΩ and ΩbbbΩbbb dibaryons, while the former is consistent with the existing lattice QCD results, the latter remains to checked. In addition, we show that the Coulomb interaction may break up the ΩcccΩccc pair but not the ΩbbbΩbbb and ΩΩ dibaryons.

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Wazwaz, Abdul-Majid. „The extended tanh method for new compact and noncompact solutions for the KP–BBM and the ZK–BBM equations“. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 38, Nr. 5 (Dezember 2008): 1505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.01.135.

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Robinson, C. Michael, Lukman Khan, Adeel Akhtar und Roger Whittaker. „The extended deltoid-splitting approach to the proximal humerus“. Current Orthopaedic Practice 19, Nr. 3 (Mai 2008): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0b013e3283031f10.

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Tsubota, K., I. Toda, H. Fujishima, M. Yamada, T. Sugawara und J. Shimazaki. „Extended wear soft contact lenses induce corneal epithelial changes.“ British Journal of Ophthalmology 78, Nr. 12 (01.12.1994): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.78.12.907.

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Raichoor, Anand, Arnaud de Mattia, Ashley J. Ross, Cheng Zhao, Shadab Alam, Santiago Avila, Julian Bautista et al. „The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: large-scale structure catalogues and measurement of the isotropic BAO between redshift 0.6 and 1.1 for the Emission Line Galaxy Sample“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, Nr. 3 (28.10.2020): 3254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3336.

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ABSTRACT We present the Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Data Release 16. We describe the observations and redshift measurement for the 269 243 observed ELG spectra, and then present the large-scale structure catalogues, used for the cosmological analysis, and made of 173 736 reliable spectroscopic redshifts between 0.6 and 1.1. We perform a spherically averaged baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurement in configuration space, with density field reconstruction: the data two-point correlation function shows a feature consistent with that of the BAO, the BAO model being only weakly preferred over a model without BAO (Δχ2 < 1). Fitting a model constrained to have a BAO feature provides a 3.2 per cent measurement of the spherically averaged BAO distance DV(zeff)/rdrag = 18.23 ± 0.58 at the effective redshift zeff = 0.845.

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El Ashfahany, Afief, Dinda Ayu Siti Mutmainah und Isman. „Why non-Muslims choose Islamic banking. Extended theory of planned behavior: a moderating factor of Islamic bank knowledge“. Banks and Bank Systems 18, Nr. 3 (15.08.2023): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(3).2023.10.

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This study aims to explore the intention of non-Muslims to become Islamic bank customers using an extended theory of planned behavior with Islamic Bank knowledge as a moderating variable. The partial least square structural equation modelling technique was employed for data and hypothesis testing. Using a probability sampling method, this analysis involved 200 non-Muslim Christians as the majority of respondents, representing the majority of non-Muslims in Indonesia. The results of this study show that attitude (ß = 5.390, p = 0.000), subjective norm (ß = 5.488, p = 0.000), and perceived behavioral control (ß = 2.104, p = 0.036) have a positive relationship with intention. Surprisingly, the relationship between Islamic Bank knowledge and intention is indirect, which is mediated through attitude. In addition, the Islamic Bank knowledge amplifies the relation between perceived behavioral control and intention. This study confirmed that Islamic Bank knowledge plays an important role in increasing intention. Thus, Islamic banks should consider educating more non-Muslims about what an Islamic bank is.

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Sarpa, E., A. Veropalumbo, C. Schimd, E. Branchini und S. Matarrese. „Extended fast action minimization method: application to SDSS-DR12 combined sample“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, Nr. 1 (10.02.2021): 540–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab378.

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ABSTRACT We present the first application of the extended Fast Action Minimization method (eFAM) to a real data set, the SDSS-DR12 Combined Sample, to reconstruct galaxies orbits back-in-time, their two-point correlation function (2PCF) in real-space, and enhance the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak. For this purpose, we introduce a new implementation of eFAM that accounts for selection effects, survey footprint, and galaxy bias. We use the reconstructed BAO peak to measure the angular diameter distance, $D_\mathrm{A}(z)r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}/r_\mathrm{s}$, and the Hubble parameter, $H(z)r_\mathrm{s}/r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}$, normalized to the sound horizon scale for a fiducial cosmology $r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}$, at the mean redshift of the sample z = 0.38, obtaining $D_\mathrm{A}(z=0.38)r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}/r_\mathrm{s}=1090\pm 29$(Mpc)−1, and $H(z=0.38)r_\mathrm{s}/r^\mathrm{fid}_\mathrm{s}=83\pm 3$(km s−1 Mpc−1), in agreement with previous measurements on the same data set. The validation tests, performed using 400 publicly available SDSS-DR12 mock catalogues, reveal that eFAM performs well in reconstructing the 2PCF down to separations of ∼25h−1Mpc, i.e. well into the non-linear regime. Besides, eFAM successfully removes the anisotropies due to redshift-space distortion (RSD) at all redshifts including that of the survey, allowing us to decrease the number of free parameters in the model and fit the full-shape of the back-in-time reconstructed 2PCF well beyond the BAO peak. Recovering the real-space 2PCF, eFAM improves the precision on the estimates of the fitting parameters. When compared with the no-reconstruction case, eFAM reduces the uncertainty of the Alcock-Paczynski distortion parameters α⊥ and α∥ of about 40 per cent and that on the non-linear damping scale Σ∥ of about 70 per cent. These results show that eFAM can be successfully applied to existing redshift galaxy catalogues and should be considered as a reconstruction tool for next-generation surveys alternative to popular methods based on the Zel’dovich approximation.

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Alcoverro, J., X. Pintado, S. Olivella, E. Toprak und Mika Niskanen. „Analysis of the Extension of the Elastic Parameters for Modelling Highly Expansive Unsaturated Soils with the Barcelona Basic Model“. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2023 (01.07.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1196011.

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Modelling of engineered barrier systems (EBS) in deep geological disposals of spent nuclear fuel requires sophisticated approaches that include highly nonlinear constitutive models. The Barcelona Basic Model for Expansive soils (BBMEx) is an extension for highly expansive unsaturated soils of the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) for slightly-to-moderately expansive unsaturated soils. In this extension, the parameter κ (logarithmic compliance with respect to changes in net pressure) of the BBM is extended to a function of suction and a set of parameters, and the parameter κ s (logarithmic compliance with respect to changes in suction) of the BBM is extended to a function of net pressure, suction, and a set of parameters. On these functions, four conditions which are satisfied in the BBM are considered. For each condition, two results are obtained: (1) the ranges of the values of the parameters such that the condition is satisfied for all positive net pressures and all non-negative suctions and (2) for given values of the parameters, the maximum net pressure and the maximum suction such that the condition is satisfied for positive net pressures and non-negative suctions. The results should help prevent unrealistic predictions of the BBMEx. The extension was used for carrying out the simulation of an infiltration test in two different bentonites and the BBMEx model parameters analysed.

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Zhao, Gong-Bo, Yuting Wang, Atsushi Taruya, Weibing Zhang, Héctor Gil-Marín, Arnaud de Mattia, Ashley J. Ross et al. „The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: a multitracer analysis in Fourier space for measuring the cosmic structure growth and expansion rate“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, Nr. 1 (24.03.2021): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab849.

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ABSTRACT We perform a joint BAO and RSD analysis using the eBOSS DR16 LRG and ELG samples in the redshift range of z ∈ [0.6, 1.1], and detect an RSD signal from the cross-power spectrum at a ∼4σ confidence level, i.e., fσ8 = 0.317 ± 0.080 at zeff = 0.77. Based on the chained power spectrum, which is a new development in this work to mitigate the angular systematics, we measure the BAO distances and growth rate simultaneously at two effective redshifts, namely, DM/rd (z = 0.70) = 17.96 ± 0.51, DH/rd (z = 0.70) = 21.22 ± 1.20, fσ8 (z = 0.70) = 0.43 ± 0.05, and DM/rd (z = 0.845) = 18.90 ± 0.78, DH/rd (z = 0.845) = 20.91 ± 2.86, fσ8 (z = 0.845) = 0.30 ± 0.08. Combined with BAO measurements including those from the eBOSS DR16 QSO and Lyman-α sample, our measurement has raised the significance level of a non-zero ΩΛ to ∼11σ. The data product of this work is publicly available at https://github.com/icosmology/eBOSS_DR16_LRGxELG and https://www.sdss.org/science/final-bao-and-rsd-measurements/.

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Gueniot, Florian, Sebastien Rubin, Pauline Bougaran, Alice Abelanet, Jean Luc Morel, Bruno Bontempi, Carole Proust, Pascale Dufourcq, Thierry Couffinhal und Cecile Duplàa. „Targeting Pdzrn3 maintains adult blood-brain barrier and central nervous system homeostasis“. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 42, Nr. 4 (13.10.2021): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x211048981.

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Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical component of the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment of vascular etiology (VCI) and associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in BBB maintenance, but there is limited data on its role in cognitive pathologies. The E3 ubiquitin ligase PDZRN3 is a regulator of the Wnt pathway. In a murine model of VCI, overexpressing Pdzrn3 in endothelial cell (EC) exacerbated BBB hyperpermeability and accelerated cognitive decline. We extended these observations, in both VCI and AD models, showing that EC-specific depletion of Pdzrn3, reinforced the BBB, with a decrease in vascular permeability and a subsequent spare in cognitive decline. We found that in cerebral vessels, Pdzrn3 depletion protects against AD-induced Wnt target gene alterations and enhances endothelial tight junctional proteins. Our results provide evidence that Wnt signaling could be a molecular link regulating BBB integrity and cognitive decline under VCI and AD pathologies.

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Gueniot, Florian, Sebastien Rubin, Pauline Bougaran, Alice Abelanet, Jean Luc Morel, Bruno Bontempi, Carole Proust, Pascale Dufourcq, Thierry Couffinhal und Cecile Duplàa. „Targeting Pdzrn3 maintains adult blood-brain barrier and central nervous system homeostasis“. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 42, Nr. 4 (13.10.2021): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x211048981.

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Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical component of the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment of vascular etiology (VCI) and associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in BBB maintenance, but there is limited data on its role in cognitive pathologies. The E3 ubiquitin ligase PDZRN3 is a regulator of the Wnt pathway. In a murine model of VCI, overexpressing Pdzrn3 in endothelial cell (EC) exacerbated BBB hyperpermeability and accelerated cognitive decline. We extended these observations, in both VCI and AD models, showing that EC-specific depletion of Pdzrn3, reinforced the BBB, with a decrease in vascular permeability and a subsequent spare in cognitive decline. We found that in cerebral vessels, Pdzrn3 depletion protects against AD-induced Wnt target gene alterations and enhances endothelial tight junctional proteins. Our results provide evidence that Wnt signaling could be a molecular link regulating BBB integrity and cognitive decline under VCI and AD pathologies.

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Oh, Sung Suk, Eun-Hee Lee, Jong-Hoon Kim, Young Beom Seo, Yoo Jin Choo, Juyoung Park und Min Cheol Chang. „The Use of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is the Evidence?“ Brain Sciences 11, Nr. 6 (11.06.2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060775.

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(1) Background: Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption following traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a secondary injury by facilitating the entry of neurotoxins to the brain parenchyma without filtration. In the current paper, we aimed to review previous dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) studies to evaluate the occurrence of BBB disruption after TBI. (2) Methods: In electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library), we searched for the following keywords: dynamic contrast-enhanced OR DCE AND brain injury. We included studies in which BBB disruption was evaluated in patients with TBI using DCE-MRI. (3) Results: Four articles were included in this review. To assess BBB disruption, linear fit, Tofts, extended Tofts, or Patlak models were used. KTrans and ve were increased, and the values of vp were decreased in the cerebral cortex and predilection sites for diffusion axonal injury. These findings are indicative of BBB disruption following TBI. (4) Conclusions: Our analysis supports the possibility of utilizing DCE-MRI for the detection of BBB disruption following TBI.

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Zhang, Geng, Xinzhao Xia, Jianhua Xu, Lixian Xia, Cong Wang und Huilu Wu. „A zinc(II) coordination polymer based on a flexible bis(benzimidazole) ligand: synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence study“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, Nr. 12 (16.12.2020): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0094.

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AbstractA new one-dimensional Zn(II) coordination polymer, {[ZnCl2(BBM)]·CH3OH}n (2,2-(1,4-butanediyl)bis-1,3-benzimidazole [BBM]), has been obtained from the hydrothermal reaction of zinc chloride with the flexible bis-benzimidazole ligand BBM and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and UV–vis spectra. Structural analysis has revealed that the BBM ligand connects the Zn(II) atoms to form a square-wave chain, which is further extended into supramolecular layers through hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interactions. Solid-state fluorescence investigations showed that the Zn(II) coordination polymer has an emission peak at 381 nm upon excitation at 330 nm, which is attributed to ligand-centered luminescence. It is only slightly red shifted as compared to the ligand but partially quenched due to the strong π···π stacking interactions.

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Choi, Byung-Tae, Kyung-Hoon Lee, Sung-Jea Ko und Aldo Morales. „Basis Matrix Representation of Morphological Filters with N-Dimensional Structuring Elements“. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 07, Nr. 04 (August 1997): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126697000255.

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In this paper, we present a basis matrix representation of grayscale morphological filters in N-dimensions. A procedure is proposed to derive the basis matrix and the block basis matrix (BBM) from an N-dimensional grayscale structuring element (GSE). It is shown that both opening and closing with arbitrary N-dimensional GSE can be accomplished by a local matrix operation using the basis matrix. Furthermore, these basis matrix representations are extended to the efficient implementation of open-closing (OC) and close-opening (CO) using the BBM.

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Mei, Chun Liang. „Extended Mapping Approach and Exact Solutions for a (1+1)-Dimensional Benjamin-Boma-Mahony Equation“. Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 1077–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.1077.

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With the help of the symbolic computation system Maple and the extended mapping approach and a linear variable separation approach, a new family of exact solutions (including the solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions) of the (1+1)-dimensional Benjamin-Boma-Mahony (BBM) equation is derived.

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Lim, L. „Microbial keratitis associated with extended wear of silicone hydrogel contact lenses“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 86, Nr. 3 (01.03.2002): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.3.355.

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Levinson, Howard, Ryan M. Garcia, Kyle J. Miller und L. Scott Levin. „Major hand replantation after an extended search for the missing part“. Current Orthopaedic Practice 25, Nr. 3 (2014): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0000000000000098.

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Boin, Michael A., Shankar Narayanan, Dana Duren, Matthew Dorweiler, Jessica Lee, Andrew Froehle und Richard Laughlin. „Factors predicting admission to extended care facility after distal femoral fracture“. Current Orthopaedic Practice 28, Nr. 4 (2017): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bco.0000000000000521.

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Jokl, D. H.-K., G. P. Wormser, N. S. Nichols, M. A. Montecalvo und C. L. Karmen. „Bacterial contamination of ophthalmic solutions used in an extended care facility“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 91, Nr. 10 (02.05.2007): 1308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.115618.

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Chen, Sheng, PengLei Xu, YuanJian Fang und Cameron Lenahan. „The Updated Role of the Blood Brain Barrier in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: From Basic and Clinical Studies“. Current Neuropharmacology 18, Nr. 12 (01.12.2020): 1266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x18666200914161231.

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke associated with high mortality and morbidity. The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is a structure consisting primarily of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, end feet of astrocytes, extracellular matrix, and pericytes. Post-SAH pathophysiology included early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia. BBB disruption was a critical mechanism of early brain injury and was associated with other pathophysiological events. These pathophysiological events may propel the development of secondary brain injury, known as delayed cerebral ischemia. Imaging advancements to measure BBB after SAH primarily focused on exploring innovative methods to predict clinical outcome, delayed cerebral ischemia, and delayed infarction related to delayed cerebral ischemia in acute periods. These predictions are based on detecting abnormal changes in BBB permeability. The parameters of BBB permeability are described by changes in computed tomography (CT) perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kep seems to be a stable and sensitive indicator in CT perfusion, whereas Ktrans is a reliable parameter for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Future prediction models that utilize both the volume of BBB disruption and stable parameters of BBB may be a promising direction to develop practical clinical tools. These tools could provide greater accuracy in predicting clinical outcome and risk of deterioration. Therapeutic interventional exploration targeting BBB disruption is also promising, considering the extended duration of post-SAH BBB disruption.

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Seadawy, Aly R., Asghar Ali und Dianchen Lu. „Applications of modified mathematical method on some nonlinear water wave dynamical models“. Modern Physics Letters A 33, Nr. 35 (19.11.2018): 1850204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318502048.

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The extended simple equation method is applied to construct solitary wave solutions of (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (KP-BBM), Korteweg–de Vries Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (KdV-BBM), Breaking soliton (BS) and (2 + 1) Maccari system waves system of equations. These models have prevalent usage in modern science. This technique can also be functional to solve different kinds of nonlinear evolution problems in contemporary areas of research. It is an effective and powerful mathematical tool in finding solitary wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) in mathematical physics.

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Aranzasti, C., R. Aguirreburualde, R. Martinez, J. A. D. De La Colina und L. Gaztelurrutia. „Primary meningococcal keratoconjunctivitis in an extended contact lenses wearer“. British Journal of Ophthalmology 78, Nr. 9 (01.09.1994): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.78.9.731-b.

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Zhang, Hongqi, Lirong Tian, Shudong Bao und Mei Zhang. „Twist of Magnetic Fields in Solar Active Regions“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 179 (2000): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100064587.

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Extended abstractIn the solar atmosphere, the magnetic and current helicity have played an important role in the study of twisted magnetic field. Current helicity parameterh∥=B∥· (∇ ×B)∥and force free factorcan be used to analyze the distribution of twisted field (current helicity) in the photosphere (Seehafer 1990; Pevtsovet al.1995; Bao & Zhang 1998). Bao & Zhang (1998) and Zhang & Bao (1999) computed the photospheric current helicity parameterh∥for 422 active regions, including most of the large ones observed in the period of 1988–1997 at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory.The calculated results (Pevtsovet al.1995; Abramenkoet al.1996; Bao & Zhang 1998) show that most current helicities in sunspot groups in the northern hemisphere show negative sign in the northern hemisphere, while positive in the southern hemisphere, which is consistent with Seehafer’s result (Seehafer 1990). The distribution of current helicity parameterh∥in active regions also shows the butterfly pattern through the solar cycle. And, less than 30% of the active regions do not follow the general trend (Zhang & Bao 1998).

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Tan, Xin, Ting Ting He und Fu Qun Wang. „Study on Extended Reach Horizontal Well Multistage Fracturing Techniques for Tight Oil“. Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (Dezember 2014): 2219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2219.

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Tight oil can be commercially recovered by horizontal well multistage fracturing. With the development of multistage fracturing tools, extended reach horizontal well could be a way to enhance unconventional tight oil economical efficiency. On the base of the study on Cardium formation, fracturing fluids were analyzed and slick water fracturing fluid was optimized. Frac port multistage fracturing string was studied and applied in pilot tests. Three extended reach horizontal wells with average 40 stages and 2954m horizontal length pilot tests were applied and studied. Comparison of well costs and production between extended reach horizontal wells and offset short horizontal wells were studied, extended horizontal reach wells get much more profits after six months producing when oil price above 101 CAD/bbl, and save 50% well construction costs and producing management costs.

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Ado, Muhammad, Awang Jusoh und Tole Sutikno. „Extended family of DC-DC Quasi-Z-Source converters“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, Nr. 6 (01.12.2019): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4540-4555.

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The family of DC-DC q-ZSCs is extended from two to three classes and four to six members. All the members were analyzed based on efficient duty ratio range (RDeff) and general duty ratio range (RDgen). Findings showed that similar to the traditional buck-boost converter (BBC), each of the topologies is theoretically capable of inverted buck-boost (BB) operation for the RDgen with additional advantages but differed according to class in how the gains are achieved. The new topologies have advantages of BB capability at the RDeff, continuous and operable duty ratio range with unity gain at contrary to existing topologies where undefined or zero gain is produced. Potential applications of each class were discussed with suitable topologies for applications such as fuel cells, photovoltaic, uninterruptible power supply (UPS), hybrid energy storage and load levelling systems identified.

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Geiger, David K., H. Cristina Geiger, Shawn M. Moore und William R. Roberts. „Structural characterization, gelation ability, and energy-framework analysis of two bis(long-chain ester)-substituted 4,4′-biphenyl compounds“. Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, Nr. 10 (25.09.2017): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617013237.

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There are few examples of single-crystal structure determinations of gelators, as gel formation requires that the dissolved gelator self-assemble into a three-dimensional network structure incorporating solvent via noncovalent interactions rather than self-assembly followed by crystallization. In the solid-state structures of the isostructural compounds 4,4′-bis[5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyloxy]biphenyl (BBO6-Me), C26H34O6, and 4,4′-bis[5-(ethoxycarbonyl)pentyloxy]biphenyl (BBO6-Et), C28H38O6, the molecules sit on a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry, resulting in strictly coplanar phenyl rings. BBO6-Me behaves as an organogelator in various alcohol solvents, whereas BBO6-Et does not. The extended structure reveals bundles of molecules that form a columnar superstructure. Framework-energy calculations reveal much stronger interaction energies within the columns (−52 to −78 kJ mol−1) than between columns (−2 to −16 kJ mol−1). The intracolumnar interactions are dominated by a dispersion component, whereas the intercolumnar interactions have a substantial electrostatic component.

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Stern, W. H., R. N. Johnson, A. R. Irvine, M. E. Barricks, B. S. Boyden, G. F. Hilton, L. I. Lonn und A. Schwartz. „Extended retinal tamponade in the treatment of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.“ British Journal of Ophthalmology 70, Nr. 12 (01.12.1986): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.70.12.911.

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McCandless, Erin Elizabeth, Laura Piccio, Anne Cross, John Russell und Robyn Klein. „TNF-α promotes CD4 T cell infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by altering the polarity of CXCL12 expression at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (96.18)“. Journal of Immunology 178, Nr. 1_Supplement (01.04.2007): S186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.96.18.

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Abstract CXCL12 is a secondary lymphoid chemokine that localizes lymphocytes within lymph node zones and promotes CD4 T cell help. We have previously shown that expression of CXCL12 at the BBB displays basolateral polarity and localizes leukocytes to the perivascular space, similar to its function within lymphoid tissue. Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) leads to redistribution of CXCL12 across the BBB and exit of myelin-specific T cells from the perivascular space. In the current study we have extended our findings to human CNS specimens and examined the molecular triggers for CXCL12 redistribution at the BBB. We observed that a similar loss in CXCL12 polarity occurs within active Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions, suggesting that altered BBB expression of CXCL12 plays a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Using TNFR1−/− mice, we demonstrate that while loss of TNFR1 signaling does not alter peripheral immune responses, CXCL12 expression in TNFR1−/− mice remains polarized at the BBB and is associated with the accumulation of leukocytes within the perivascular space. Comparisons of myelin-specific CD4 T cells recovered from vessel-associated versus parenchymal sites revealed that only T cells that have successfully infiltrated the CNS parenchyma express both CXCR4 and TNF-α. These results suggest that TNFR1 signaling promotes leukocyte entry via redistribution of CXCL12 at the BBB.

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Kesharwani, Prashant, Ashay Jain, Atul Jain, Amit K. Jain, Neeraj Kumar Garg, Rakesh Kumar Tekade, Thakur Raghu Raj Singh und Arun K. Iyer. „Cationic bovine serum albumin (CBA) conjugated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles for extended delivery of methotrexate into brain tumors“. RSC Advances 6, Nr. 92 (2016): 89040–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17290c.

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Bull, Daniel, Christophe Schweitzer, Colette Bichsel, Markus Britschgi und Simon Gutbier. „Generation of an hiPSC-Derived Co-Culture System to Assess the Effects of Neuroinflammation on Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity“. Cells 11, Nr. 3 (26.01.2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030419.

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) regulates the interaction between the highly vulnerable central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral parts of the body. Disruption of the BBB has been associated with multiple neurological disorders, in which immune pathways in microglia are suggested to play a key role. Currently, many in vitro BBB model systems lack a physiologically relevant microglia component in order to address questions related to the mechanism of BBB integrity or the transport of molecules between the periphery and the CNS. To bridge this gap, we redefined a serum-free medium in order to allow for the successful co-culturing of human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived microglia and hiPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs) without influencing barrier properties as assessed by electrical resistance. We demonstrate that hiPSC-derived microglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) weaken the barrier integrity, which is associated with the secretion of several cytokines relevant in neuroinflammation. Consequently, here we provide a simplistic humanised BBB model of neuroinflammation that can be further extended (e.g., by addition of other cell types in a more complex 3D architecture) and applied for mechanistic studies and therapeutic compound profiling.

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Park, Jubin, Chae-min Yun, Myung-Ki Cheoun und Dukjae Jang. „Oscillating cosmic evolution and constraints on big bang nucleosynthesis in the extended Starobinsky model“. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, Nr. 05 (01.05.2023): 016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/016.

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Abstract We investigate the cosmic evolutions in the extended Starobinsky model (eSM) obtained by adding one RabRab term to the Starobinsky model. We discuss the possibility of various cosmic evolutions with a special focus on the radiation-dominated era (RDE). Using simple assumptions, a second-order non-linear differential equation describing the various cosmic evolutions in the eSM is introduced. By solving this non-linear equation numerically, we show that the various cosmic evolutions, such as the standard cosmic evolution (a ∝ t 1/2) and a unique oscillating cosmic evolution, are feasible due to the effects of higher-order terms introduced beyond Einstein's gravity. Furthermore, we consider big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), which is the most important observational result in the RDE, to constrain the free parameters of the eSM. The primordial abundances of the light elements, such as 4He, D, 3He, 7Li, and 6Li by the cosmic evolutions are compared with the most recent observational data. It turns out that most non-standard cosmic evolutions can not easily satisfy these BBN constraints, but a free parameter of the viable models with the oscillating cosmic evolution is shown to have an upper limit by the constraints. In particular, we find that the free parameter is most sensitive to deuterium and 4He abundances, which are being precisely measured among other elements. Therefore, more accurate measurements in the near future may enable us to distinguish the eSM from the standard model as well as other models.

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Newell, Dianne, und Jenéa Tallentire Gilley. „For the Extended Family and the Universe: Judith Merril and Science Fiction Autobiography“. Biography 30, Nr. 1 (2007): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2007.0026.

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