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Thematische Bibliographien / Fat cells Adipose tissues

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fat cells Adipose tissues“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fat cells Adipose tissues"

1

Teng, Shou-Cheng, Li-Ting Li, Shyi-Gen Chen, Tien-Mu Chen, Cheng-Hao Liao und Hsu-Wei Fang. „DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE-DERIVED STROMAL VASCULAR FRACTION CELLS ON ANGIOGENESIS AND FIBROSIS IN HUMAN FAT GRAFTS“. Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 26, Nr. 03 (17.03.2014): 1450045. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237214500458.

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Adipose tissue is not only an ideal material for soft tissue filling and augmentation, but also a plentiful source of regenerative cells in adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction. Enriched fat tissue with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells (ADSVFCs) can improve the fat graft survival, as shown in previous studies. The objective of this study is to estimate the effects of various dosages of ADSVFCs on fat grafts. We hypothesized that the improvement of ADSVFCs on fat transplantation quality would be dose dependent. Fat tissues were obtained by liposuction surgery. ADSVFCs were mixed into fat tissue, and the ADSVFC-enriched fat tissues were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. The histological findings showed that the neoangiogenesis and integrity of grafted fat cells significantly increased with increasing dosages of ADSVFCs. Higher dosages of ADSVFCs also significantly reduced the side effects of the fat grafts, including reducing inflammation, cell infiltration, fibrosis and cyst formation. In conclusion, ADSVFC supplemented fat implants can improve angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. However, these effects of ADSVFCs on fat graft quality are dose dependent.

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Khor, Victor K., Ming Han Tong, Yueming Qian und Wen-Chao Song. „Gender-Specific Expression and Mechanism of Regulation of Estrogen Sulfotransferase in Adipose Tissues of the Mouse“. Endocrinology 149, Nr. 11 (31.07.2008): 5440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0271.

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Although primarily regarded as a sex steroid, estrogen plays an important role in many other physiological processes including adipose development and disposition. Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) regulates estrogen activity by catalyzing the sulfoconjugation and inactivation of estrogens. In the present study, we report the gender-specific expression of EST in adipose tissues of the mouse and describe contrasting mechanisms of EST regulation in the fat and liver. EST is expressed in the white adipose tissues of the male but not female mouse. Within the various fat depots of male mice, it is most abundantly expressed in the epididymal fat pad, with variable levels in other white fats and no expression in the brown fat. Fractionation of epididymal fat cells showed EST to be predominantly associated with stromal vascular cells (preadipocyte). EST expression in male mouse adipose tissues is dependent on testosterone as castration ablated, and administration of exogenous testosterone restored, EST expression. Furthermore, testosterone treatment induced abnormal EST expression in the parametrial fat of female mice. EST induction by testosterone in female mice is tissue specific because testosterone treatment had no effect on liver EST expression. Conversely, the liver X receptor agonist TO-901317 induced EST expression in female mouse liver but not in their adipose tissues. Finally, we demonstrate that male EST knockout mice developed increased epididymal fat accumulation with enlarged adipocyte size. We conclude that EST is expressed in adipose tissues in a sexually dimorphic manner, is regulated by testosterone, and plays a physiological role in regulating adipose tissue accumulation in male mice.

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Cohen, Paul, und Bruce M. Spiegelman. „Cell biology of fat storage“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, Nr. 16 (15.08.2016): 2523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0749.

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The worldwide epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has greatly increased interest in the biology and physiology of adipose tissues. Adipose (fat) cells are specialized for the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides, but research in the last few decades has shown that fat cells also play a critical role in sensing and responding to changes in systemic energy balance. White fat cells secrete important hormone-like molecules such as leptin, adiponectin, and adipsin to influence processes such as food intake, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. Brown fat, on the other hand, dissipates chemical energy in the form of heat, thereby defending against hypothermia, obesity, and diabetes. It is now appreciated that there are two distinct types of thermogenic fat cells, termed brown and beige adipocytes. In addition to these distinct properties of fat cells, adipocytes exist within adipose tissue, where they are in dynamic communication with immune cells and closely influenced by innervation and blood supply. This review is intended to serve as an introduction to adipose cell biology and to familiarize the reader with how these cell types play a role in metabolic disease and, perhaps, as targets for therapeutic development.

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Li, Weijie, Julia Tonelli, Preeti Kishore, Randall Owen, Elliot Goodman, Philipp E. Scherer und Meredith Hawkins. „Insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones are not linked to adiponectin receptor expression in human fat or muscle“. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292, Nr. 5 (Mai 2007): E1301—E1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00312.2006.

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Circulating adiponectin levels are increased by the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of PPARγ agonists in concert with their insulin-sensitizing effects. Two receptors for adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are widely expressed in many tissues, but their physiological significance to human insulin resistance remains to be fully elucidated. We examined the expression patterns of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in fat and skeletal muscle of human subjects, their relationship to insulin action, and whether they are regulated by TZDs. Expression patterns of both AdipoRs were similar in subcutaneous and omental fat depots, with higher expression in adipocytes than in stromal cells and macrophages. To determine the effects of TZDs on AdipoR expression, subcutaneous fat and quadriceps muscle were biopsied in 14 insulin-resistant subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 45 mg pioglitazone or placebo for 21 days. This duration of pioglitazone improved insulin's suppression of glucose production by 41% and enhanced stimulation of glucose uptake by 27% in concert with increased gene expression and plasma levels of adiponectin. Pioglitazone did not affect AdipoR expression in muscle, whole fat, or cellular adipose fractions, and receptor expression did not correlate with baseline or TZD-enhanced insulin action. In summary, both adiponectin receptors are expressed in cellular fractions of human fat, particularly adipocytes. TZD administration for sufficient duration to improve insulin action and increase adiponectin levels did not affect expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2. Although TZDs probably exert many of their effects via adiponectin, changes in these receptors do not appear to be necessary for their insulin-sensitizing effects.

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Sotome, Rina, Akira Hirasawa, Motoi Kikusato, Taku Amo, Kyohei Furukawa, Anna Kuriyagawa, Kouichi Watanabe et al. „In vivo emergence of beige-like fat in chickens as physiological adaptation to cold environments“. Amino Acids 53, Nr. 3 (17.02.2021): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-02953-5.

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AbstractWhile it has been hypothesized that brown adipocytes responsible for mammalian thermogenesis are absent in birds, the existence of beige fat has yet to be studied directly. The present study tests the hypothesis that beige fat emerges in birds as a mechanism of physiological adaptation to cold environments. Subcutaneous neck adipose tissue from cold-acclimated or triiodothyronine (T3)-treated chickens exhibited increases in the expression of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP, an ortholog of mammalian UCP2 and UCP3) gene and some known mammalian beige adipocyte-specific markers. Morphological characteristics of white adipose tissues of treated chickens showed increased numbers of both small and larger clusters of multilocular fat cells within the tissues. Increases in protein levels of avUCP and mitochondrial marker protein, voltage-dependent anion channel, and immunohistochemical analysis for subcutaneous neck fat revealed the presence of potentially thermogenic mitochondria-rich cells. This is the first evidence that the capacity for thermogenesis may be acquired by differentiating adipose tissue into beige-like fat for maintaining temperature homeostasis in the subcutaneous fat ‘neck warmer’ in chickens exposed to a cold environment.

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Chang, Lin, Minerva T. Garcia-Barrio und Y. Eugene Chen. „Perivascular Adipose Tissue Regulates Vascular Function by Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells“. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 40, Nr. 5 (Mai 2020): 1094–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.312464.

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Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.

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Salehi-Nik, Nasim, Maryam Rezai Rad, Lida Kheiri, Pantea Nazeman, Nasser Nadjmi und Arash Khojasteh. „Buccal Fat Pad as a Potential Source of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review“. Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8354640.

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Adipose tissues hold great promise in bone tissue engineering since they are available in large quantities as a waste material. The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a specialized adipose tissue that is easy to harvest and contains a rich blood supply, and its harvesting causes low complications for patients. This review focuses on the characteristics and osteogenic capability of stem cells derived from BFP as a valuable cell source for bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was performed on all in vitro and in vivo studies that used stem cells from BFP for the purpose of bone tissue engineering from 2010 until 2016. This review was organized according to the PRISMA statement. Adipose-derived stem cells derived from BFP (BFPSCs) were compared with adipose tissues from other parts of the body (AdSCs). Moreover, the osteogenic capability of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT) derived from BFP (BFP-DFAT) has been reported in comparison with BFPSCs. BFP is an easily accessible source of stem cells that can be obtained via the oral cavity without injury to the external body surface. Comparing BFPSCs with AdSCs indicated similar cell yield, morphology, and multilineage differentiation. However, BFPSCs proliferate faster and are more prone to producing colonies than AdSCs.

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Wasinski, Frederick, Reury F. P. Bacurau, Milton R. Moraes, Anderson S. Haro, Pedro M. M. Moraes-Vieira, Gabriel R. Estrela, Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero et al. „Exercise and Caloric Restriction Alter the Immune System of Mice Submitted to a High-Fat Diet“. Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/395672.

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As the size of adipocytes increases during obesity, the establishment of resident immune cells in adipose tissue becomes an important source of proinflammatory mediators. Exercise and caloric restriction are two important, nonpharmacological tools against body mass increase. To date, their effects on the immune cells of adipose tissue in obese organisms, specifically when a high-fat diet is consumed, have been poorly investigated. Thus, after consuming a high-fat diet, mice were submitted to chronic swimming training or a 30% caloric restriction in order to investigate the effects of both interventions on resident immune cells in adipose tissue. These strategies were able to reduce body mass and resulted in changes in the number of resident immune cells in the adipose tissue and levels of cytokines/chemokines in serum. While exercise increased the number of NK cells in adipose tissue and serum levels of IL-6 and RANTES, caloric restriction increased the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and MCP-1 levels. Together, these data demonstrated that exercise and caloric restriction modulate resident immune cells in adipose tissues differently in spite of an equivalent body weight reduction. Additionally, the results also reinforce the idea that a combination of both strategies is better than either individually for combating obesity.

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Robidoux, Jacques, Peivand Pirouzi, Julie Lafond und Roland Savard. „Site-specific effects of sympathectomy on the adrenergic control of lipolysis in hamster fat cells“. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, Nr. 4 (01.04.1995): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-057.

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Regional variations in the response of adipose tissue to lipolytic stimuli have been suggested to be involved in the development of visceral adiposity-related morbidity and mortality. Moreover, studies in humans and in laboratory rodents such as hamsters have shown that the response of adipocytes to catecholamines depends on their anatomical origin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative involvement of the adrenal medulla and of the sympathetic nervous system on regional differences in the adrenergic control of lipolysis in isolated adipocytes from inguinal and epididymal adipose tissues. For this purpose, we carried out adrenal demedullation or chemical sympathectomy in hamsters. The results confirmed that epididymal adipocytes were significantly more responsive to a β-adrenergic stimulation than inguinal adipocytes (p ≤ 0.05). This site specificity could originate at a step distal to receptors since tissues exhibited a similar number of binding sites for [125I]cyanopindolol. No significant regional differences were observed in the α2-adrenergic antilipolytic response, with the exception of the clonidine EC50. A 14-day sympathectomy significantly increased the β-adrenergic lipolytic response only in inguinal adipocytes (p < 0.05), and increased the α2_adrenergic response only in epididymal adipocytes (p < 0.05). On the other hand, adrenal demedullation had no effect on both adrenergic pathways. These results suggest that the sympathetic tone of adipose tissues could be involved in the α2- and β-adrenergic site-specific response in hamster fat cells. The 33% increase of the β-response in inguinal fat cells and the 38% increase of the α2-response in epididymal fat cells also suggest that the sympathetic pathway favors the lipolytic activation of the epididymal adipose tissue.Key words: white adipose tissue, adrenal demedullation, α2-adrenergic receptors, β-adrenergic receptors.

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Bashir, Muhammad M., Muhammad Sohail, Fridoon J. Ahmad und Mahmood S. Choudhery. „Preenrichment with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Improves Fat Graft Retention in Patients with Contour Deformities of the Face“. Stem Cells International 2019 (20.11.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5146594.

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Quick absorption of adipose tissue grafts makes the outcomes less satisfactory for clinical applications. In the current study, adipose tissue grafts were mixed with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve retention of adipose tissue grafts and to make the clinical outcomes of fat grafting more reliable. Adipose tissue was either injected alone (conventional group) or mixed with ASCs (stem cell group) before injection. In both groups, adipose tissue was injected at the site of contour throughout layers of tissues till visual clinical symmetry with the opposite side was achieved. The volume of injected fat graft was measured after 72 hours and 6 months using a B-mode ultrasound device connected with a 12 MH frequency probe. The percentage reduction in the volume of injected fat, physician satisfaction scores (Ph-SCs), and patient satisfaction scores (P-SCs) were also recorded. After 6 months, there was significantly lower fat absorption in the stem cell group as compared to the conventional group. Mean physician and patient satisfaction scores were significantly improved in the stem cell group. No significant adverse effects were noted in any patient. Significantly lower absorption of graft due to the use of ASCs improves the clinical outcomes of conventional fat grafting for contour deformities of the face. The current preenrichment strategy is noninvasive, safe and can be applied to other diseases that require major tissue augmentation such as breast surgery. This trial is registered with NCT02494752.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Fat cells Adipose tissues"

1

Groeneveld, Matthijs Pieter. „In vitro modelling of proximal insulin signalling defects in adipocytes : insights into monogenic human disorders“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648407.

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McLane, Jesica Mata. „Investigation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 membrane receptor ERp60 in adipocytes from male and female lean and obese mice“. Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31793.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Dr. Barbara Boyan; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Zvi Schwartz; Committee Member: Dr. Hanjoong Jo. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Farré, Guasch Elisabet. „Adipose Stem Cells from Buccal Fat Pad and Abdominal Adipose Tissue for Bone tissue Engineering“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31987.

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ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Stem cells offer an interesting tool for tissue engineering, but the clinical applications are limited by donor site morbidity and low cell number upon harvest. Recent studies have identified an abundant source of stem cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue. These adipose stem cells (ASC), are able to differentiate to several lineages and express multiple growth factors, which makes them suitable for clinical application. Buccal fat pad (BFP), an adipose encapsulated mass in the oral cavity, could represent an easy access source for dentists and oral surgeons. Biosynthetic substitutes such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), and mixtures of HA/β-TCP (biphasic calcium phosphate; BCP) have been successfully used as bone graft biomaterials. Growth factors stimulating osteogenic differentiation are also interesting for bone tissue engineering applications. We aimed to investigate whether BFP is a rich source of ASC, and whether ASC triggered for only 15 min with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and seeded onto different calcium phosphate scaffolds composed of β-TCP alone or mixtures of HA/β-TCP, could stimulate bone formation. Materials & Methods: ASC obtained from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and BFP were counted and analyzed by flow cytometry, to determine ASC cell number, phenotype and percentage. At two weeks of culture, the multipotent differentiation potential of ASC from BFP was analyzed. Furthermore, fresh ASC either or not stimulated with 10ng/ml BMP-2 for 15min were seeded on different calcium phosphate scaffolds. ASC attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation was analyzed and compared. Results: BFP contained ~30% of ASC. The ASC number obtained per gram of adipose tissue from BFP at one week of culture was 2-fold higher than in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Angiogenic marker expression was also higher, and ASC showed multipotent differentiation potential as well. Fifteen min BMP-2 treatment increased ASC cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on BCP composed of 60% HA and 40% β-TCP, but not on other scaffolds containing less percentage of HA. Conclusions: Buccal fat pad is a rich alternative source of ASC suitable for bone tissue engineering. Short stimulation of only 15 minutes with BMP-2 is enough to stimulate ASC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore ASC could be treated shortly with BMP-2 and seeded on BCP with 60% HA to improve bone regeneration.

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Foster, Michelle Tranace. „Central nervous system regulation of fat cell lipid mobilization the role of the sympathetic nervous system /“. restricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11162005-154631/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Timothy Bartness, committee chair; Elliott Albers, Ruth Harris , Sarah Pallas, committee members. Electronic text (181 p. : ill.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-181).

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Lee, Pui-chi, und 李佩芝. „Phenotypic characterization of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein knockout mice under high fat high cholesterol diet-induced obesity“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197517.

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Background and objectives: A lot of studies proved that adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), an adipokine mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, is the key link between obesity and inflammation which is suggested to be a therapeutic target for obesity-related diseases. Loss-of-function study was employed by using A-FABP knockout (KO) mice generated by our group to investigate role of A-FABP in high fat high cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced obesity. Key findings: 1. Our study confirmed that HFHC diet-induced A-FABP KO mice have a significantly increased body weight when compared to the wild-type (WT) control mice. 2. Higher adiposity was the major reason for the A-FABP KO mice to be heavier than the WT controls under HFHC diet induction. 3. The marked increase of the weight of subcutaneous fat and peri-renal fat contributed to the higher adiposity of the HFHC-diet induced A-FABP KO mice when compared to the WT controls. 4. The HFHC-diet induced A-FABP KO mice significantly consumed less oxygen and produced less carbon dioxide suggesting the reduced energy expenditure but had higher weekly energy intake when compared with the WT controls, leading to higher adiposity. 5. The A-FABP KO mice were protected against HFHC diet induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia when compared with the WT controls. There was also a better insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation in A-FABP KO mice under prolonged HFHC diet induction when compared with the WT controls. 6. The A-FABP KO mice were protected against the development of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycemia when compared the WT controls under HFHC diet induction. However, there was no significant difference in the fasting serum free fatty acids (FFA) level among A-FABP WT and KO mice fed with standard chow (STC) or HFHC diet. 7. A-FABP KO mice were protected against isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) under HFHC diet induction. 8. The A-FABP KO mice were protected against HFHC diet-induced liver injury as indicated by a lower serum ALT level suggesting a better liver function when compared with the WT controls. 9. Under HFHC diet induction, M1 macrophage polarization was dominant in fat tissues of A-FABP WT mice but M2 macrophage polarization was dominant in fat tissues of A-FABP KO mice, suggesting an improved inflammatory status in the adipose tissue of the A-FABP KO mice when compared with the WT controls. This may also be the reason for why HFHC diet-induced A-FABP KO mice have an increased body weight but are metabolically healthier compared to their WT controls. Conclusions: A-FABP KO mice had a significant higher body weight and higher adiposity due to the reduced energy expenditure and increased weekly food intake as indicated in the metabolic cage study and the reason for metabolic healthier is due to the alleviated HFHC diet induced M1 macrophage polarization in various adipose tissues suggesting an improved inflammatory status in A-FABP KO mice comparing to the WT controls.
published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Skolnick, Sara A. „Hormone-stimulated lipolysis in the aging rat“. Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/562784.

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The normal development of adipose tissue lipolysis as measured by glycerol release was studied in epididymal fat pads of Sprague-Dawley rats between 4 and 16 weeks of age and correlated with changes in fat cell size.For each age group studied, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks of age, basal (no hormone present) and hormone stimulated lipolytic activity were observed for two concentrations of epinephrine were used, maximal (10,00 nM) and minimal (10 nM). Basal levels of glycerol were not linear. There was an increase between 4 and 8 weeks of age followed by a decrease between 8 and 16 weeks of age. The maximal dosage of hormone evoked a large increase in 9lYcerol production between 4 and 8 weeks, which was followed by a decrease between 8 and 16 weeks of age. The minimal dosage of epinephrine, although not significant, showed a decrease in glycerol production from 4 to 16 weeks of age. Fat cell size continued to increase between 4 and 16 weeks. Both fat cell diameter and volumes underwent a linear increase with age. However, the change was not reflected in epinephrine stimulated glycerol release. Therefore, glycerol release is inversely correlated with fat cell size during early development.The results indicate that age influences hormone stimulated lipolysis and is not dependent on cell size. Although the mechanism for the decreased lipolytic response of the isolated adipocytes was not discovered, it is believed that it may be due in part to a reduced number of receptors and to a reduced sensitivity of the cellular enzymatic system underlying lipolysis.
School of Physical Education

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So, Wing-yan. „Proteome and gene expression analysis in white adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39367435.

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Randhawa, Manpreet Kaur. „An ectopic synthesis of the melanin in the adipocytes of the morbidly obese subjects“. Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3231.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 221. Thesis director: Ancha Baranova. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biosciences. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-220). Also issued in print.

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So, Wing-yan, und 蘇詠欣. „Proteome and gene expression analysis in white adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39367435.

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Bellenzani, Marcela Palomo Pieroni 1984. „Expressão de enzimas envolvidas na produção de triacilglicerol em tecidos adiposo e hepático isolados de ratos normo e hiperlipidêmicos“. [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314094.

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Orientador: Dora Maria Grassi Kassisse
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A pandemia da obesidade é evidente no início do século XXI. O fator desencadeante mais relevante é a alimentação hipercalórica associada ao sedentarismo. Modelos de estudo em ratos para investigar as etapas que precedem o desenvolvimento desta doença são fundamentais para propor terapias de prevenção. No modelo de indução da dislipidemia pela dieta por quatro semanas, os ratos apresentam hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia e hiperinsulinemia e com seis semanas de administração da dieta observa-se um aumento no peso dos panículos adiposos da região epididimal e peri-renal e sem alteração no depósito da região mesentérica. Assim sendo, objetivamos, nesta tese, analisar as vias metabólicas envolvidas no processo de metabolização da glicose e triacilgliceróis nos tecidos adiposo branco e hepático em ratos hiperlipidêmicos e para tal estudamos as vias lipogênica, lipolítica e neoglicogênica, pela quantificação da expressão gênica das enzimas chaves envolvidas nestes processos. A dislipidemia foi induzida pelo oferecimento de dieta hiperlipídica (grupo dieta, D) ao longo de quatro semanas a ratos jovens e a instalação do quadro foi verificada pelas análises plasmáticas ao final do tratamento e após jejum de 16h. Amostras de tecidos hepático e adiposo foram coletadas para análise histológica e quantificação da expressão gênica sendo estas analisadas por qRT-PCR. Observou-se que ratos que ingerem dieta hiperlipídica (+129+10,13 g) ganham peso de forma semelhante aos ratos controle (C: +148+8,8 g) mesmo ingerindo quantidade significativamente menor de dieta (C: 20,8+0,62 g vs D: 14,87+0,66 g). As análises histológicas ilustram aumento no teor de depósitos de lipídeos no tecido hepático. A expressão gênica no tecido hepático de ratos dieta foi aumentada significativamente para as enzimas lipoproteína lipase, piruvato desidrogenase quinase 4 e fosfofrutoquinase 1 e diminuição significativa na expressão de glicose 6-fosfatase sem alteração na quantificação da expressão de acetil-CoA carboxilase alpha, gliceroquinase, piruvato desidrogenase fosfatase 2. Em relação ao tecido adiposo observamos que a expressão das enzimas acetil-CoA carboxilase e piruvato desidrogenase fosfatase 2 não foi significativamente alterada em nenhum dos depósitos adiposos. A lipase hormônio-sensível não apresentou alterações no tecido adiposo epididimal, porém teve sua expressão significativamente aumentada nos tecidos mesentérico e peri-renal. A expressão da lipoproteína lipase por sua vez, não se alterou no panículo adiposo epididimal nem no panículo adiposo mesentérico estando diminuída no panículo adiposo peri-renal. E por fim, a piruvato desidrogenase quinase 4 também não apresentou alterações nos depósitos epididimal e mesentérico porém no peri-renal sua expressão encontrou-se aumentada. Estes resultados, em conjunto, indicam que a dieta administrada por 4 semanas, mesmo não apresentando todas as alterações observadas com 6 semanas, pode ser útil para os estudos iniciais do quadro de dislipidemia que antecedem as disfunções metabólicas
Abstract: The pandemic of obesity is evident in the twenty-first century. The most important and triggering factor is the high-calorie diet associated with physical inactivity. Study models in rats to investigate the steps that precede the development of this disease are essential to propose preventive therapies. In the model of induction of dyslipidemia by diet for four weeks, the mice exhibit hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia and there is an increase in weight of the panniculus region of epididymal and peri-renal depot and no change in the mesenteric region. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose and triglycerides in white adipose tissue, and liver in hyperlipidemic rats and to study the ways that lipogenic, lipolytic and glyconeogenic for the quantification of gene expression of key enzymes involved in these processes. Dyslipidemia was induced by offering high-fat diet (diet group, D) over four weeks to young rats and onset of condition was verified by analysis at the end of the plasma treatment and after fasting for 16 hours. Samples of liver and adipose tissue were collected for histological analysis and quantification of gene expression and these were analyzed by qRT-PCR. It was observed that mice eat high-fat diet (+129 +10.13 g) gain weight similarly to control rats (C: +8.8 +148 g) even eating significantly less diet (C: 20.8 +0.62 g vs D: 14.87 +0.66 g). Histological analysis illustrate the content of lipid deposits in liver tissue. Gene expression in liver tissue of rats diet was significantly increased for the enzymes lipoprotein lipase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and 1 and Phosphofructokinase significant decrease in the expression of glucose 6-phosphatase no change in the quantification of the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, Gliceroquinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 2. In relation to the adipose tissue we observed that the expression of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 2 was not significantly altered in any of the fatty deposits. The hormone-sensitive lipase showed no changes in epididymal adipose tissue but its expression was significantly increased in mesenteric tissue and peri-renal. Lipoprotein lipase, in turn, did not change in the mesenteric or epididymal being reduced in the peri-renal. And finally, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 also showed no changes in epididymal and mesenteric but the peri-renal expression is increased. These results, together, indicate that the diet for 4 weeks, even not showing all changes observed within 6 weeks, can be useful for the initial studies of hyperlipidemia that precede the metabolic dysfunctions
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

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Bücher zum Thema "Fat cells Adipose tissues"

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Weber, Michelle J., und John M. Hoffmann. Adipocytes: Biology, regulation and health impact. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Yamaguchi, Masayoshi, und Masayoshi Yamaguchi. Adiponectin: Production, regulation and roles in disease. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2011.

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Illouz, Yves-Gérard. Adipose Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Preedy, Victor R., und Ross J. Hunter. Adipokines. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011.

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The good fat revoultion: A 30-day plan that triggers brown fat---the secret to losing weight and living healthier. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2009.

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Condon, Bernadette. Molecular and cellular regulation of the gene encoding adipose differentiation related protein. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

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Shilstone, Mackie. The Fat-Burning Bible. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.

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Autologous fat transplantation and suction-assisted lipectomy: A clinical atlas. Houston, Tex. (P.O. Box 20373, Houston 77225): Eclectic Enterprises, 1987.

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Liposuction surgery and autologous fat transplantation. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1988.

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Adipose-derived stem cells: Methods and protocols. New York, NY: Humana Press, 2011.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Fat cells Adipose tissues"

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Wankhade, Umesh D., und Sushil G. Rane. „Flow Cytometry Assisted Isolation of Adipose Tissue Derived Stem Cells“. In Thermogenic Fat, 17–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_3.

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Brestoff, Jonathan R. „Isolation of Immune Cells from Adipose Tissue for Flow Cytometry“. In Thermogenic Fat, 49–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_6.

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Babaei, Rohollah, Irem Bayindir-Buchhalter, Irina Meln und Alexandros Vegiopoulos. „Immuno-Magnetic Isolation and Thermogenic Differentiation of White Adipose Tissue Progenitor Cells“. In Thermogenic Fat, 37–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_5.

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Cinti, Saverio. „The Nutritional System“. In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 215–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_17.

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AbstractThe white and brown adipose tissues are organized to form a true organ. They have a different anatomy and perform different functions, but they collaborate thanks to their ability to convert mutually and reversibly following physiological stimuli. This implies a new fundamental property for mature cells, which would be able to reversibly reprogram their genome under physiological conditions. The subcutaneous mammary gland provides another example of their plasticity. Here fat cells are reversibly transformed into glands during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The obese adipose organ is inflamed because hypertrophic fat cells, typical of this condition, die and their cellular residues must be reabsorbed by macrophages. The molecules produced by these cells during their reabsorption work interfere with the insulin receptor, and this induces insulin resistance, which ultimately causes type 2 diabetes. The adipose organ collaborates with those of digestion. Both produce hormones that can influence the nutritional behavior of individuals. They produce molecules that mutually influence functional activities including thermogenesis, which contributes to the interruption of the meal. The nutrients are absorbed by the intestine, stored in the adipose organ, and distributed by them to the whole body between meals. Distribution includes offspring during breastfeeding. The system as a whole is therefore called the nutritional system.

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Arner, Peter. „Dynamics of Human Adipose Tissue. Regulatory Mechanisms and Consequences for Fat Cells and the Whole Body“. In Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions, 15–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13517-0_2.

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Kopecky, Jan. „Adipose Tissue and Fat Cell Biology“. In Lipids and Skin Health, 201–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09943-9_13.

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Smorlesi, Arianna, Andrea Frontini und Saverio Cinti. „The Adipose Organ: Morphological Perspectives of Adipose Tissues“. In Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures, 123–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9_8.

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White, Ursula A., und Jacqueline M. Stephens. „Transcriptional Control of Adipogenesis and Fat Cell Gene Expression“. In Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease, 1–20. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527629527.ch1.

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Casteilla, Louis, Valérie Planat-Bénard, Stéphanie Dehez, Sandra De Barros, Corinne Barreau und Mireille André. „Endothelial and Cardiac Regeneration from Adipose Tissues“. In Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, 269–87. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-960-4_20.

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Toledo, Luiz S. „Principles of Autologous Fat Transplantation“. In Adipose Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 45–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20012-0_5.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Fat cells Adipose tissues"

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Fallah, Faezeh, Karim Armanious, Bin Yang und Fabian Bamberg. „Volumetric Surface-guided Graph-based Segmentation of Cardiac Adipose Tissues on Fat-Water MR Images“. In 2019 27th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eusipco.2019.8903109.

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Kemmis, Carly M., und Diane R. Wagner. „FAK, SMAD and MAPK Pathways Diverge During Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells“. In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206474.

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Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AMCs) are a promising cell source for orthopaedic tissue engineering applications due to their accessibility and multi-lineage potential [1]. However, future use in bone and cartilage regeneration requires a comprehensive understanding of the pathways driving AMCs to osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. We have previously demonstrated the dual function of a single medium containing bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) on differentiation of AMCs; in the presence of BMP-6, monolayer culture induces osteogenic differentiation while pellet culture stimulates chondrogenesis [2]. Additionally, BMP-6 has been demonstrated to be both osteogenic and chondrogenic on marrow-derived stem cells [3,4], but the mechanisms driving the effect of BMP-6 in these conditions remains poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and cell/matrix attachment in directing osteogenesis, while an absence of these signals support chondrogenesis [5,6]. We hypothesized that the focal adhesions present in monolayer prompt different pathway activation than in pellet culture, resulting in either osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation of AMCs in response to BMP-6. Our goal was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms employed by BMP-6 during differentiation. Therefore, we examined the activation of the FAK, MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways, and the canonical BMP-6 pathway via SMAD signaling in both monolayer and pellet culture.

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Skalska, Urszula, Ewa Kuca-Warnawin, Tomasz Burakowski, Anna Kornatka, Iwona Janicka, Urszula Musiałowicz und Ewa Kontny. „03.14 Comparison of immunosuppressive potential of rheumatoid adipose mesenchymal stem cells derived from articular and subcutaneous adipose tissues“. In 37th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research 2–4 March 2017 Athens, Greece. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-211049.14.

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Geerligs, M., G. W. M. Peters, C. W. J. Oomens, P. Ackermans und F. P. T. Baaijens. „Mechanical Behaviour of the Subcutaneous Fat Layer“. In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176364.

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A very important function of the human subcutaneous fat layer is to act as a mechanical cushion. However, prolonged loading may result in damage such as pressure ulcers. Depending on the severity and origin of the ulcer, skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle can be affected. The aetiology of pressure ulcers is still poorly understood; it is not even clear whether wounds start to develop in skin, in the fat layer or even in deeper layers [1]. One of the tools used to better understand the way mechanical loading affects tissues is mechanical modeling. The success of a mechanical model strongly depends on the constitutive equations that are used to describe the mechanical properties obtained with experimental work. For skin and muscle much is already known, but a tremendous lack of data is found regarding the properties of adipose tissue. In the case of the subcutaneous fat tissue, very few of the mechanical properties have been determined experimentally.

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Wang, Roy, und Rudolph L. Gleason. „A Novel Compression Tester for Detecting Anisotropy in Very Soft Biological Tissues“. In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80933.

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Quantifying the mechanical behavior of very soft tissues (VST) is important when studying responses to injury or designing therapeutic devices; fat, brain, or liver being examples of such tissues. VST can have poor suture retention or clamp holding strength, making tensile tests difficult. As a result, uniaxial compression tests are typically the preferred choice to quantify the mechanical behavior. In these tests, isotropy is generally assumed and measuring the deformation in only one direction is needed if the material is considered incompressible [13]. In this study we present a novel testing apparatus for use on VST under uniaxial compression that can detect anisotropic behavior of the tissue if present. We validate the tester using cardiac adipose tissue and isotropic rubber as the control. Understanding the directional behavior of the tissue is important since anisotropy would require testing in multiple directions to fully characterize the material properties.

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Guo, Lun-Zhang, Tzung-Dau Wang, Jong-Wei Lin und Tzu-Ming Liu. „Investigate the variation in optical redox ratio of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with CAD through auto-fluorescence metabolic molecular image (Conference Presentation)“. In Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues IX, herausgegeben von Daniel L. Farkas, Dan V. Nicolau und Robert C. Leif. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2212606.

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Aithal, K. S., P. Kumar, K. Nalini, P. Poornesh und M. Thukaram. „Evaluation of Certain Physicochemical and Thin Film Parameters Including Bioelectronics Properties of Human Fat Containing Adipose Tissues for Early Detection Obesity in Children“. In 2009 Fifth International Conference on MEMS NANO, and Smart Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmens.2009.49.

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Arima, Yoshimi, Hiroyuki Nobusue, Shigeki Sakai, Kazuo Kishi, Toshiki Takenouchi, Kenjiro Kosaki und Hideyuki Saya. „Abstract 5311: Establishment of neurofibroma cells and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells from tumor tissues from patients diagnosed with NF1 (Neurofibromatosis type 1)“. In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-5311.

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Chansoria, Parth, und Rohan Shirwaiker. „Ultrasonically-Induced Patterning of Viable Cells in Viscous Bioinks During 3D Biofabrication“. In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2816.

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Abstract In attempts to engineer human tissues in the lab, bio-mimicking the cellular arrangement of natural tissues is critical to achieve the required biological and mechanical form and function. Although biofabrication employing cellular bioinks continues to evolve as a promising solution over polymer scaffold based techniques in creating complex multi-cellular tissues, the ability of most current biofabrication processes to mimic the requisite cellular arrangement is limited. In this study, we propose a novel biofabrication approach that uses forces generated by bulk standing acoustic waves (BSAW) to non-deleteriously align cells within viscous bioinks. We computationally determine the acoustic pressure pattern generated by BSAW and experimentally map the effects of BSAW frequency (0.71, 1, 1.5, 2 MHz) on the linear arrangement of two types of human cells (adipose-derived stem cells and MG63) in alginate. Computational results indicate a non-linear relationship between frequency and acoustic pressure amplitude. Experimental results demonstrate that the spacing between adjacent strands of aligned cells is affected by frequency (p < 0.0001), and this effect is independent of the cell type. Lastly, we demonstrate a synergistic technique of gradual crosslinking in tandem with the BSAW-induced alignment to entrap cells within crosslinked hydrogels. This study represents an advancement in engineered tissue biofabrication aimed at bio-mimicry.

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Garrido, I., M. Lacroix-Triki, A. Mojallal, B. Dirat, B. Dirat, C. Muller, P. Valet, J. Delord und B. Allal. „Adipose Tissue Increase Dramatically the Tumour Growth When Co-Injected with Breast Cancer Cell Lines: A Prudence Recommendation for Autologous Fat Transfer in Breast.“ In Abstracts: Thirty-Second Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 10‐13, 2009; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-3102.

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