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Silveira, Rodrigo Moraes da, Marcelo Buras, André Luiz Delmondes Pereira Filho, Juliana Ferreira Fernandes und Marcos Massao Futai. „Laboratory Tests Using Distributed Fiber Optical Sensors for Strain Monitoring“. Sensors 25, Nr. 2 (08.01.2025): 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020324.
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Using fiber optics as a tool for different kinds of geotechnical monitoring can be highly attractive and cost-effective when compared to conventional instruments, such as piezometers and inclinometers, among others. A single fiber optic cable may cover a larger monitoring area compared to conventional instrumentation and allows for monitoring more than one physical quantity with the same fiber optic cable. The literature provides several different examples of distributed fiber optic systems usage. For using any sensor, a calibration curve and parameters are required. In the case of strain sensors, calibration is required to derive strain values from the frequency measurement quantity. However, fiber optic sensor cable manufacturers do not often provide cable calibration parameters, and researchers should consult the specialized literature. This article thus presents a bench adjusted for tests with single-mode fiber optic cables, as well as results of tensile tests for defining the function of strain variations in two different optical fiber cables manufactured by different companies using two different distributed interrogators. This paper also proposes a methodology for calibrating fiber optic cable deformation. A few manufacturers of fiber optic cables aim at civil engineering applications. Therefore, we propose a calibration methodology to show the possibility of obtaining calibration parameters of any fiber optic cable, even those manufactured for telecommunications purposes and not only for cables manufactured for civil engineering use. Thus, researchers will not be restricted to the acquisition of special cables for their applications. The results allowed us to conclude that the application of calibrated fiber optic sensors to experimental pile foundations permits the evaluation of the load–displacement behavior of these elements under different loading conditions.
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Abboud, Izz K., Shahir F. Nawaf und Mohammed H. Dervish. „Reduction the electric field effect generated by high voltage on fiber optic cables using metal shielding“. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, Nr. 1 (01.02.2020): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1658.
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Because of the fiber optic cables have perfect resistant to weather and environmental effects they can be installed on or with transmission line towers for the power supply control and data communication. To avoid the damages of fiber optic cables, it is used shielded fiber optic cables. Due to the using of this shielding, the electric field that produced from transmission line will be effected .In this paper is studied and compared the influence of metal shielding of fiber-optic cable in the strong electric field which produced by a high voltage transmission line for various types of channel configuration. Based on the results obtained, the metal shielding of fiber optic cables will reduce the electric field strength that lead to good efficiency of communication through the optical cable.
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., Widodo, und Nur Hidayat. „Design And Development Of Automatic Fiber Optic Cable Roller Using Nodemcu Esp 8266 Module“. BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 4, Nr. 1 (22.03.2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol4.no1.5442.
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ABSTRACT The process of winding fiber optic cable rolls takes a long time because it is done manually or conventionally. One of the tools in winding is a FO cable roller. This tool is designed to be able to roll fiber optic cables, but the limitations of this tool are still done manually, FO cables are rolled by hand like pedaling a bicycle on the pedals, the speed is set based on the speed of the rotation of the hand and it all depends on the human factor. Therefore, there is a need for an Automatic Fiber Optic Cable Winder Using NodeMCU ESP8266 and using Iot (Web of Things) to be more efficient and better in cable winding expositions.
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Khatimi, Husnul, Eka Setya Wijaya, Andreyan Rizky Baskara und Yuslena Sari. „Performance Comparison Between Copper Cables and Fiber Optic in Data Transfer on Banjarmasin Weather Temperature Conditions“. MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928005022.
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Copper wire cable and fiber optic cable are two communication media that are widely used in building data communication networks in today’s modern era. For network administrators, choosing the right type of cable to build a network is a must. Air temperature is one of the external factors that can affect the performance of network equipment. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the differences in performance between the use of fiber optic cables and copper wire cables which are capable of transferring data of 1 Gigabit per second. Performance measurement analysis includes the ability to transfer data from both media such as latency, throughput, and packet loss. For testing latency and throughput is done by sending as many as 65,000 data 30 times for each media. Whereas for packet loss testing is done by sending 10,000 data within 1 minute using test bandwidth on the Mikrotik router. From the test results, it can be seen that there is an effect of temperature changes on the performance of copper wire cable and fiber optic cable. The higher the air temperature, the packet loss, and latency will increase. As for the throughput value, the temperature only affects the throughput value on fiber optic cable and does not affect throughput on the copper wire cable.
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Juwari, Juwari, Puguh Jayadi und Kelik Sussolaikah. „Analisis Redaman Kabel Fiber Optic Patchcord Single Core“. JURIKOM (Jurnal Riset Komputer) 9, Nr. 2 (29.04.2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/jurikom.v9i2.3950.
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Fiber Optic attenuation value affects the quality of data transmission. The fiber optic attenuation value can be greater or lower than the standard value. The attenuation value can affect the amount of data transmission sent and received. The attenuation value of single core fiber optic is influenced by various things, one of which is the treatment of the cable itself. Treating the cable by bending and coiling can also affect the damping value. To avoid the high attenuation value of fiber Optic when rolled by doing the rolling process carefully and not twisting during the installation process. The commendation scenario uses Fiber Optic Patchcord, the cable length is 5 meters. From the results of the scenario test on the 3 cables used, the highest attenuation value is in cable C with an attenuation value of 5.39 dB. The highest attenuation is in the 15th winding scenario. Meanwhile, from the 3rd test, the lowest attenuation value is found in cable A with an attenuation value of 1.76 dB. The lowest attenuation at the cable position without a given winding scenario. the more rolls the average damping value will increase the value.
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An, Yuhang, Jihui Ma, Tuanwei Xu, Yunpeng Cai, Huiyong Liu, Yuting Sun und Wenfa Yan. „Traffic Vibration Signal Analysis of DAS Fiber Optic Cables with Different Coupling Based on an Improved Wavelet Thresholding Method“. Sensors 23, Nr. 12 (19.06.2023): 5727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125727.
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a novel technology that uses fiber optics to sense and monitor vibrations. It has demonstrated immense potential for various applications, including seismology research, traffic vibration detection, structural health inspection, and lifeline engineering. DAS technology transforms long sections of fiber optic cables into a high−density array of vibration sensors, providing exceptional spatial and temporal resolution for real−time monitoring of vibrations. Obtaining high−quality vibration data using DAS requires a robust coupling between the fiber optic cable and the ground layer. The study utilized the DAS system to detect vibration signals generated by vehicles operating on the campus road of Beijing Jiaotong University. Three distinct deployment methods were employed: the uncoupled fiber on the road, the underground communication fiber optic cable ducts, and the cement−bonded fixed fiber optic cable on the road shoulder, and compared for their outcomes. Vehicle vibration signals under the three deployment methods were analyzed using an improved wavelet threshold algorithm, which was verified to be effective. The results indicate that for practical applications, the most effective deployment method is the cement−bonded fixed fiber optic cable on the road shoulder, followed by the uncoupled fiber on the road, and the underground communication fiber optic cable ducts are the least effective. This has important implications for the future development of DAS as a tool for various fields.
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Kucheriava, I. M. „MONITORING SYSTEMS FOR MODERN POWER CABLE LINES“. Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2023, Nr. 66 (04.12.2023): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2023.66.111.
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The overview of fiber-optic technologies for real-time monitoring of the technical condition and operational characteristics of modern power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation and with the fiber-optic module integrated into their structure is presented. In particular, the new intelligent means for monitoring of the temperature, load current, deformation (mechanical damages), partial discharges in the insulation, moisture penetration inside the cables and control over sheath voltage limitation are described. The topicality of using and developing the technologies of smart diagnostics for power cable lines in order to achieve the effective and safe operation of cables as well as the high reliability of networks is shown. Ref. 47, fig. 7. Key words: power cables, power cable lines, cross-linked polyethylene insulation, integrated fiber-optic modules, power networks, smart monitoring.
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Z, Andi Nurul Ulfawaty, und Fausiah Fausiah. „Analisis Redaman pada Jaringan Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Berteknologi Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) di PT Telkom Makassar“. Ainet : Jurnal Informatika 1, Nr. 1 (22.08.2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ainet.v1i1.2287.
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The development of telecommunications technology as a communication necessity at this time has been growing rapidly, needed a means of transmission media that is able to distribute information with large capacity and capable data transfer speeds. Implementing using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology, the Fiber to The Home (FTTH) service reaches the user to meet the speed of 2GBps. This study aims to identify the causes of increased attenuation or disturbance in FTTH. The method used in this study is to analyze the attenuation value of each core at the sites studied on the FTTH network at PT Telkom. The total attenuation value of fiber optic cables that are calculated from OLT to ONT must be within the specified reasonable limit of 15-28 dB. The caused of the increase in the attenuation value of fiber optic cables such as the number of splice / connections on each cable, and the occurrence of cable indentations above 45°. To overcome the attenuation value that exceeds the reasonable limit can be done by replacing the fiber cable with attenuation of 0.35dB to fiber cable with attenuation of 0.22 dB, so that the attenuation of the fiber optic cable is at the specified reasonable limit.
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Kyrylenko, O. V., A. A. Shcherba und I. M. Kucheriava. „INTELLECTUAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING OF TECHNICAL STATE OF UP-TO-DATE HIGH-VOLTAGE CABLE POWER LINES“. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, Nr. 6 (21.10.2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.06.029.
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The review concerning application of fiber-optic technologies in power industry, in particular, for monitoring of modern power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation and integrated fiber-optic module is carried out. The new intelligent tools for control of electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics and partial discharges in power cable lines are presented. The current operational experience for the system of Smart Cable Guard in an emergency is described. The prospects to develop and use the intellectual technologies for monitoring of technical state of up-to-date high-voltage cable power lines and their operate reliability are grounded by analysis of new diagnostic methods controlling the level of partial discharges, temperature distribution and mechanical damage in polyethylene insulation and other elements of the high- and extra-high-voltage cables with integrated fiber-optic modules. References 51, figures 8.
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Zhang, Shenghan, Han Liu, Sanjay Govindjee und Matthew J. DeJong. „Strain Transfer Mechanisms and Mechanical Properties of Optical Fiber Cables“. Sensors 22, Nr. 24 (17.12.2022): 9966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249966.
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Understanding the strain transfer mechanism is required to interpret strain sensing results for fiber optic cables. The strain transfer mechanism for fiber optic cables embedded in cementitious materials has yet to be thoroughly investigated experimentally. Interpretation of fiber optic sensing results is of particular concern when there is a displacement discontinuity. This study investigates the strain transfer mechanism for different types of fiber optic cables while embedded in concrete cubes, sustaining a boundary condition which features a displacement discontinuity. The strain transfer mechanisms for different cables are compared under increasing strain levels. Under cyclic loading, the nonlinear behavior of the force–displacement relation and of the strain distribution in the fiber optic cable are discussed. The mechanical properties of the fiber optic cables are presented and discussed. A parameter is proposed to quantify the strain transfer length. The results of this study will assist researchers and engineers to select appropriate cables for strain sensing and interpret the fiber optic sensing results.
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Johnson, M. A. M., M. H. Kit, Y. Hoon, S. C. Y. Koay und G. A. Mahdiraji. „Design and Simulation of Fiber Optic Cable using SolidWorks for Landslide Monitoring“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012038.
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Abstract This paper presents fiber optic cable design and simulation using SolidWorks software. SolidWorks software is an effective tool that helps design, analyze, and give a better understanding of fiber optic cable capabilities and performances. The model of the fiber optic cable was developed based on the existing fiber optic drop cable. It is composed of mainly four parts: Fiber optic member, fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) strength member, low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) jacket, and steel wire. A static study was performed to determine the designed model’s ability to endure various levels of pressing and pulling forces. Simulation results showed that the cable can withstand a maximum of 195 N pulling force and 30000 N pressing force with a displacement of 1.78e+02 mm and 4.94e-01 mm respectively. The findings will contribute to the design of a new or novel fiber optic cable that is capable to monitor landslide activities with higher durability in future studies.
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Jiang, Ke, Lei Liang, Xiaoling Tong, Feiyu Zeng und Xiaolong Hu. „How the Material Characteristics of Optical Fibers and Soil Influence the Measurement Results of Distributed Acoustic Sensing“. Sensors 23, Nr. 17 (23.08.2023): 7340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177340.
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Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology is widely used in security surveillance and geophysical survey applications. The response of the DAS system to external vibrations varies with different types of fiber optic cable connections. The mechanism of mutual influence between the cable’s characteristics and DAS measurement results remains unclear. This study proposed a dynamic model of the interaction between the optical cable and the soil, analyzed the impact of the dynamic parameters of the optical cable and soil on the sensitivity of the DAS system, and validated the theoretical analysis through experiments. The findings suggest that augmenting the cable’s bending stiffness 5.5-fold and increasing its unit mass 4.2-fold result in a discernible reduction of the system’s response to roughly 0.15 times of its initial magnitude. Cables with lower unit mass and bending stiffness are more sensitive to vibration signals. This research provides a foundation for optimizing vibration-enhanced fiber optic cables and broadening the potential usage scenarios for DAS systems.
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Bezprozvannych, G. „RETROSPECTIVE OPTICAL FIBER TECHNIC – AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SPECIALIZATION "ELECTRICAL INSULATION, CABLE AND OPTICAL FIBER TECHNIC"“. Energy saving. Power engineering. Energy audit., Nr. 10(201) (13.12.2024): 16–36. https://doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2024.10.02.
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Abstract. The historical and scientific and technical prerequisites for the emergence and development of fiber optics are presented. Attention is focused on technical solutions for manufacturing technology with reduced losses of electromagnetic energy in optical fibers. The factors contributing to the opening of the specialization "Optical fiber technic" at the department "Electrical insulation and cable technic" were analyzed. The timeliness and necessity of training specialists in the field of optical fiber technic to meet the needs of the cable industry of Ukraine in the production of innovative fiber optic cables is substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of game design, interdisciplinary classes to activate the educational process and motivate students of specialization to study. Shown are modern innovative high-efficiency integrated optical high-voltage cable systems for the power industry. The results of scientific research on the influence of radiation exposure on the mechanical properties of structural elements of fiber-optic cables are presented.
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Korchevsky, A. S., und L. V. Kolomiets. „MECHANICAL FIBER OPTIC CABLE“. Key title Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Odesʹkoï deržavnoï akademìï tehnìčnogo regulûvannâ ta âkostì -, Nr. 2(7) (2015): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32684/2412-5288-2015-2-7-68-72.
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Buranbayeva, А., und A. Zhussupbekov. „Commissioning Test of Distributed fiber-optics sensors during foundation monitoring of the Abu Dhabi Plaza construction project in Nur-Sultan City“. Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Technical Science and Technology Series 139, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2022-139-2-51-61.
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Distributed fiber optic cable is in increasing demand in civil engineering, especially in the field of structural condition monitoring. The characteristics of fiber optic cable have attracted the interest of engineers and researchers in recent years. This paper describes an operational test of a distributed fiber optic cable to determine its effectiveness in detecting cracks in concrete. A distributed fiber optic cable with internal fixed points was installed in the foundation slab of a high-rise building parking lot. Strain measurements from the fiber optic sensing cable were acquired and recorded using a Brillouin time domain optical analyzer throughout the test. The main purpose of the pre-commissioning tests is to check the accuracy error of the measurements. The accuracy error at any point on the cable is defined as the standard deviation of the repeated measurement values. This will show the reliability of the measured strain when interpreting the results.
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Zhang, Cheng-Cheng, Hong-Hu Zhu, Su-Ping Liu, Bin Shi und Gang Cheng. „Quantifying progressive failure of micro-anchored fiber optic cable–sand interface via high-resolution distributed strain sensing“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, Nr. 6 (Juni 2020): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0651.
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Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) is gaining increasing interest in geotechnical monitoring. By using soil-embedded fiber optic cables, strain profiles as well as deformation patterns of geotechnical infrastructures can be captured. Probing the fiber optic cable–soil interfacial behavior is vital to the advancement of DFOS-based geotechnical monitoring and our understanding of the soil–inclusion interaction mechanism. To this aim, laboratory pullout tests were performed to investigate the progressive failure of the interface between micro-anchored cables and the surrounding sand. High-resolution strain profiles recorded using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) not only elucidated the influence of anchorage on strain measurements, but also allowed the classical soil–inclusion interaction problem to be studied in detail. Interfacial shear stresses calculated from step-like strain profiles provided clear evidence of the contribution of each micro-anchor to the pullout resistance. The cable–soil contact is a combination of overall bonding and point fixation depending on the level of mobilized interfacial shear stress, and therefore the validity of measured strains is correlated to a three-stage process of interface failure. This study also shows that installing heat-shrink tubes on the fiber optic cable is a rapid, low-cost, effective approach to make an anchored DFOS system for deformation monitoring of earth structures.
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Rafi, Muhammad, Khairul Arifin Mohd Noh, Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff, Daniel Asante Otchere, Bennet Nii Tackie-Otoo, Ahmad Dedi Putra, Zaky Ahmad Riyadi und Dejen Teklu Asfha. „Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Exploration: Comparative Review of Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Fiber Optic Cables“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 13 (26.06.2024): 5560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135560.
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The advent of fiber optic technology in geophysics exploration has grown in its use in the exploration, production, and monitoring of subsurface environments, revolutionizing the way data are gathered and interpreted critically to speed up decision-making and reduce expense and time. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has been increasingly utilized to build relationships in complex geophysics environments by utilizing continuous measurement along fiber optic cables with high spatial resolution and a frequency response of up to 10 KHz. DAS, as fiber optic technology examining backscattered light from a laser emitted inside the fiber and measuring strain changes, enables the performance of subsurface imaging in terms of real-time monitoring for Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), reservoir monitoring, and microseismic event detection. This review examines the most widely used fiber optic cables employed for DAS acquisition, namely Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) and Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF), with the different deployments and scopes of data used in geophysics exploration. Over the years, SMF has emerged as a preferred type of fiber optic cable utilized for DAS acquisition and, in most applications examined in this review, outperformed MMF. On the other side, MMF has proven to be preferable when used to measure distributed temperature. Finally, the fiber optic cable deployment technique and acquisition parameters constitute a pivotal preliminary step in DAS data preprocessing, offering a pathway to improve imaging resolution based on DAS measurement as a future scope of work.
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Yanuary, Tio Hanif, und Lita Lidyawati. „Analisis Link Budget Penyambungan Serat Optik Menggunakan Optical Time Domain Reflectometer AQ7275“. Jurnal Teknik Elektro 10, Nr. 1 (20.06.2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v10i1.13996.
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An optical fiber is a high-speed telecommunication transmission medium. Principally, an optical fiber is made of a very fine glass fiber material, which is able to transmit light waves using light reflection method on the surface of the fiber optics core. An underground installation of the fiber optics makes this device robust from external interferences. However, the fiber optic cable performance should always be checked to maintain performance during data transmission process. One way to test fiber optics cable performance is by using an Optical Time - Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) device. This device sends a light wave from one point of the fiber optics cable. The light wave then returns when reaching the other point of the fiber optic cable while carrying some measurement parameters especially the physical length and attenuation of a fiber optic cable. The evaluation of the fiber optics cable performance requires the preparation, installation, and configuration of the OTDR. In this paper, we conducted evaluation on the performances of fiber optics cable. The data generated by the performed evaluation indicated an occurring attenuation on the fiber optics cable along 64.402 km of its lengths.
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de Jong, S. A. P., J. D. Slingerland und N. C. van de Giesen. „Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing for the determination of air temperature“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, Nr. 6 (23.06.2014): 6287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6287-2014.
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Abstract. This paper describes a method to correct for the effect of solar radiation in atmospheric Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) applications. By using two cables with different diameters, one can determine what temperature a zero diameter cable would have. Such virtual cable would not be affected by solar heating and would take on the temperature of the surrounding air. The results for a pair of black cables and a pair of white cables were very good. The correlations between standard air temperature measurements and air temperatures derived from both colors had a high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.99). A thin white cable measured temperatures that were close to air temperature. The temperatures were measured along horizontal cables but the results are especially interesting for vertical atmospheric profiling.
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de Jong, S. A. P., J. D. Slingerland und N. C. van de Giesen. „Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing for the determination of air temperature“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, Nr. 1 (15.01.2015): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-335-2015.
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Abstract. This paper describes a method to correct for the effect of solar radiation in atmospheric distributed temperature sensing (DTS) applications. By using two cables with different diameters, one can determine what temperature a zero diameter cable would have. Such a virtual cable would not be affected by solar heating and would take on the temperature of the surrounding air. With two unshielded cable pairs, one black pair and one white pair, good results were obtained given the general consensus that shielding is needed to avoid radiation errors (WMO, 2010). The correlations between standard air temperature measurements and air temperatures derived from both cables of colors had a high correlation coefficient (r2=0.99) and a RMSE of 0.38 °C, compared to a RMSE of 2.40 °C for a 3.0 mm uncorrected black cable. A thin white cable measured temperatures that were close to air temperature measured with a nearby shielded thermometer (RMSE of 0.61 °C). The temperatures were measured along horizontal cables with an eye to temperature measurements in urban areas, but the same method can be applied to any atmospheric DTS measurements, and for profile measurements along towers or with balloons and quadcopters.
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Yallah, Hasbi, Akhmad Fathir, Muhammad Darwis und Retno Hendrowati. „Comparative Analysis of Customer Satisfaction Using The Bandwidth Method Between Coaxial Cables and Fiber Optic Cables PT. Tbk Linknet“. Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang 9, Nr. 2 (30.07.2024): 56–60. https://doi.org/10.32493/informatika.v9i2.40010.
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This research aims to analyze the comparison of customer satisfaction between the use of coaxial cables and fiber optic cables in PT.LinkNet using the Bandwidth method. The Bandwidth method was used to evaluate network performance and the quality of service received by customers. Data was collected through customer satisfaction surveys covering aspects of service reliability, speed, stability and price. The analysis results indicate a notable difference in customer satisfaction levels between the two types of cable. Fiber optic cables received higher satisfaction ratings compared to coaxial cables.The results shows that the average satisfaction score for fiber optic cables was 4.7 out of 5, whereas coaxial cables received an average score of 3.9 out of 5. This difference is significant since evidenced by a p-value of less than 0.01, confirming that the higher satisfaction with fiber optic cables is not an outcome of random variation. These findings can provide input for PT Link Net in improving service quality and choosing the right technology to meet customer needs.
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Kim, Kun-Woo, Jae-Wook Lee, Jin-Seok Jang, Joo-Young Oh, Ji-Heon Kang, Hyung-Ryul Kim und Wan-Suk Yoo. „Dynamic load applied to shear pin and motion prediction of flexible hose“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, Nr. 22 (10.08.2016): 4172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216663781.
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A flexible hose that is unwound along with fiber-optic cables from a mother ship helps prevent interference with the mother ship during the unwinding of the fiber-optic cable. Because the density of fiber-optic cables is close to the fluid density, if there is no flexible hose, the fiber-optic cable is more likely to interfere with the mother ship because of the motion of underwater vehicles or mother ships. Hence, it is necessary to prevent the interference of fiber-optic cables by using flexible hoses made of stainless steel. Flexible hoses unwound as an underwater vehicle moves are coupled to the vehicle by shear pins, and once all flexible hoses are unwound, the underwater vehicle continues to move forward as the pins fracture. Here, a dynamic load applied on the shear pin for connection in the early stages of the unwinding of the flexible hose is an important factor that controls the position, which should be accurately predicted, prior to the motion of the underwater vehicle. Further, it is essential that the shear pin of the connection part be designed to fracture under the selected load so that underwater vehicle can continue to move forward as the pin breaks. In this study, analysis results based on loading information measured in real experiments were compared and verified, and based on the findings, an analytical model that can predict loads applied on the shear pin was developed.
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Asril, Aprinal Adila, Popy Maria, Yustini Yustini, Herry Setiawan und Nasrul Nasrul. „Fiber to the home (FTTH) activation system and analysis of dropcore cable connection losses on optical network performance“. Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 4, Nr. 1 (27.05.2024): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v4i1.3815.
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The FTTH network is currently a reliable network concept used in an era where very fast access to information is needed as it is today, but several problems arise in the FTTH network, for example, reduced data transmission speed due to losses in the transmission cable connection or drop core. In this study, activation of the FTTH network will be carried out so that it can function for internet data transmission and observations will also be made of the connection losses on the 10-meter dropcore cable with the number of connections respectively, namely no connection, 1 connection, and 2 connections, where each connection obtains connection losses from 0.00 to 0.02 dB which will affect the total attenuation obtained in the activated FTTH network. Standard attenuation for fiber optic network activation starting from OLT to ONT according to IEEE Std 802.3ah states that the permissible attenuation / loss tolerance is between 20-24 to 29 dB. Splicing losses are caused by errors in the process of joining the fiber optic cable cores. The number of connections in a fiber optic cable can affect the attenuation value in the fiber optic cable. The more connections, the higher the attenuation in the fiber optic cable.
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Abramov, A. A., M. M. Bubnov, N. N. Vechkanov, A. V. Vlasov, A. N. Gur'yanov, Evgenii M. Dianov, V. P. Inozemtsev et al. „Frost-resistant fiber-optic cable“. Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, Nr. 1 (31.01.1988): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n01abeh011239.
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Leonardo, Samuel, und Liane Okdinawati. „Enhancing Embankment Stability Assessment in Mining Operations through Fiber Optic Instrumentations: A DMAIC Approach“. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 2, Nr. 9 (30.06.2023): 3248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i9.591.
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This paper proposes a comprehensive solution to enhance embankment stability assessment in mining company's tailings management operations through the implementation of Fiber Optic instrumentations. The current monitoring solutions lack real-time capabilities, hindering timely assessment and mitigation of embankment stability issues. Fiber Optic cables provide sensing capabilities to detect vibrations and measure temperature variations, enabling early detection of structural issues within embankments. Real-time monitoring allows continuous assessment and immediate identification of potential risks. Implementing fiber optic cable instrumentations enhances embankment stability assessment, ensuring safety and minimizing failures. Data-driven decision-making is empowered through accurate and real-time data, enabling efficient resource allocation. The implementation follows a DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach, ensuring a comprehensive analysis and step-by-step plan. In conclusion, fiber optic cable instrumentations offer valuable enhancement to embankment stability assessment in mining's tailings management operations. Real-time monitoring, accuracy, and precision contribute to proactive measures and improved decision-making. Implementing this solution strengthens embankment stability practices, safeguards surrounding areas, and maintains regulatory compliance, fostering resilience and sustainability in mining operations.
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Darussalam, Muhammad Gani Baihaqi, Ahmad Fauzi, Muhammad Galura Suranegara und Dwi Wahyu Lestariningsih. „Analisis Gangguan Transmisi Fiber Cut dan Pengembangan Solusi untuk Meningkatkan Availability Sistem Komunikasi Fiber Optik Section Banua Hanyar – Bati Bati“. Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 6, Nr. 3 (23.04.2024): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/rrj.v6i3.828.
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Technology continues to develop very quickly, especially long-distance communication and transmission technology. This is due to the increasing human need for the internet, as seen by its availability. The main objective of this research is to analyze the impact and solution to Fiber Cut transmission on availability in the Banua Hanyar - Bati Bati Section. This research uses a correlative descriptive quantitative method to obtain a solution, namely replacing ordinary fiber optic cables and many existing cable with a new anti-rodent fiber optic cable 3 km long located 0.8 km to 3.8 km from Banua Hanyar. This solution is said to be very influential because it succeeded in increasing the availability of the Banua Hanyar - Bati Bati Section system to 100%.
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Yu, Junzhe, Pengbai Xu, Zhangjun Yu, Kunhua Wen, Jun Yang, Yuncai Wang und Yuwen Qin. „Principles and Applications of Seismic Monitoring Based on Submarine Optical Cable“. Sensors 23, Nr. 12 (15.06.2023): 5600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125600.
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Submarine optical cables, utilized as fiber-optic sensors for seismic monitoring, are gaining increasing interest because of their advantages of extending the detection coverage, improving the detection quality, and enhancing long-term stability. The fiber-optic seismic monitoring sensors are mainly composed of the optical interferometer, fiber Bragg grating, optical polarimeter, and distributed acoustic sensing, respectively. This paper reviews the principles of the four optical seismic sensors, as well as their applications of submarine seismology over submarine optical cables. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed, and the current technical requirements are concluded, respectively. This review can provide a reference for studying submarine cable-based seismic monitoring.
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Wang, Congmin, Wen Xia, Yidong Yu, Hao Zhang und Liang Wang. „Research on underground cable abnormal vibration identification technology based on multi-model fusion“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 56 (14.07.2023): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v56i.10705.
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With the full implementation of cable cabling in the urban core, thousands of kilometers of underground cables have placed new demands on cable operation management. In finding faults, fault identification by trial delivery of faulty lines section by section is inefficient and difficult, and there is no effective technical means to locate faults quickly. To address these problems, this paper constructs a multi-model fusion strategy of statistical learning + deep learning to achieve effective improvement of algorithm fitting effect and generalization ability, which can learn various types of features as comprehensively as possible, achieve differential extraction of distributed fiber optic timing features through differential feature construction techniques, and obtain spatio-temporal information of vibration events along the fiber optic cable for training to effectively solve the above problems and achieve more reliable and accurate prediction.
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Juwiler, I., I. Bronfman und N. Blaunstein. „Optical data signals in fiber optic communication links with fading“. Information and Control Systems, Nr. 3 (21.06.2019): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2019-3-94-104.
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Introduction: This article is based on the recent research work in the field of two subjects: signal data parameters in fiber optic communication links, and dispersive properties of optical signals caused by non-homogeneous material phenomena and multimode propagation of optical signals in such kinds of wired links.Purpose: Studying multimode dispersion by analyzing the propagation of guiding optical waves along a fiber optic cable with various refractive index profiles of the inner optical cable (core) relative to the outer cladding, as well as dispersion properties of a fiber optic cable due to inhomogeneous nature of the cladding along the cable, for two types of signal code sequences transmitted via the cable: return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero ones.Methods: Dispersion properties of multimode propagation inside a fiber optic cable are analyzed with an advanced 3D model of optical wave propagation in a given guiding structure. The effects of multimodal dispersion and material dispersion causing the optical signal delay spread along the cable were investigated analytically and numerically.Results: Time dispersion properties were obtained and graphically illustrated for two kinds of fiber optic structures with different refractive index profiles. The dispersion was caused by multimode (e.g. multi-ray) propagation and by the inhomogeneous nature of the material along the cable. Their effect on the capacity and spectral efficiency of a data signal stream passing through such a guiding optical structure is illustrated for arbitrary refractive indices of the inner (core) and outer (cladding) elements of the optical cable. A new methodology is introduced for finding and evaluating the effects of time dispersion of optical signals propagating in fiber optic structures of various kinds. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the spectral efficiency loss measured in bits per second per Hertz per each kilometer along the cable, for arbitrary presentation of the code signals in the data stream, non-return-to zero or return-to-zero ones. All practical tests are illustrated by MATLAB utility.
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Mulyanto, Imam. „Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor“. Journal of Technomaterials Physics 3, Nr. 1 (26.02.2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v3i1.5540.
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The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.
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Selah ABUFANA und Emad ZARGOUN. „A computerized system for Monitoring and informing about any unauthorized drilling operations near the cables.“ مجلة جامعة بني وليد للعلوم الإنسانية والتطبيقية 8, Nr. 3 (07.09.2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.58916/jhas.v8i3.115.
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The biggest challenge is to protect the cables in cities and villages from random excavations, as the protection of these cables by traditional methods such as concrete and some cement stones is not sufficient. It has become necessary to search for effective and alternative protection techniques that can protect the cables. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to design a drill monitoring system for early warning using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing systems (DAS) based on phase OTDR. The proposed method has three stages. The first stage is to use buried fiber optic cable as a sensing system to detect any activity such as drilling or digging near the cable. The second stage is the processing system; in this stage, the sensed signal is de-noised using a wavelet transform, and then the difference is used for high pass filtering. This phase includes the autocorrelation to improve the interferometric visibility of the movements or threats near the goal area via a fiber optic cable. Moreover, the correlated signal power is computed and sent to the test and comparison stages. In the last stage, all signals are compared with a predefined threshold; if the average exceeds the threshold, the discrete signal is considered to be high, and there is drilling near cables; otherwise, the signals are considered to be undesired signals. Different types of activities were used at different SNR levels to assess the effects of the proposed method on detection performance. The results show the effectiveness of the used system for early drilling detection to protect the cables.
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Callewaert, Manly, Roel Vanthillo, Christian Fojtek (Marlinks) und Bart Mampaey (Elia). „Deriving an experimental and analytical relation between the core and fiber temperatures of a 3P XLPE cable“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2151, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2151/1/012012.
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Every submarine power cable contains a fiber-optic assembly. Most windfarms have a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) device for continuous temperature monitoring. Using real-time thermal rating (RTTR) the performance of subsea cables can be increased or a less expensive cable can be installed. The experiments aimed to establish the relation between the fiber and core (or conductor) temperatures in the cable. Fiber temperature was obtained using a DTS interrogator; thermocouples installed in the conductors yielded the core temperature data. The cable used in this test was a 20 meter-long 1800 mm2, 1000 A export cable. These experiments validated a new RTTR model proposed by Marlinks: a thermal RC-ladder model based on finite-element (FEM) calculations. Better suited to the complexity of the spacer geometry and existence of the fiber node, the Marlinks-developed model is considered to be more accurate than the industry standard.
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Yang, Xianjin, Jingqing Ye, Guangyuan Yao, Junfeng Chi und Jiali Du. „Judge the Extent of the Harm on Electric Cables Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Found a New Mechanism of Patrolling Electric Cables“. E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501071.
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The article comes up with a measure that uses fiber vibration sensing technology to avoid external intrusion harm on electric cables, dealing with the problem that buried cables are sometimes destroyed by constructions. This measure is based on dual Mach-Zehnder(M-Z) interference, and it makes use of power grids’ fiber-optic cables laid in the cable trench—along with the electric cables—as sensors. These sensors could monitor vibration near to optical cables and trench, and recognize the events that vibrate the cable, and finally judge the extent of the harm caused by the events. The article also try to find out a more reliable and more efficient mechanism of patrolling electric cables, which is based on the abovementioned measure.
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Fauzi, Ahmad, Galura Muhammad Suranegara, Endah Setyowati und Suprih Widodo. „Fiber Optic Splicing Training with Mechanical Splicers and Fusion Splicers for Computer and Network Engineering Vocational School Students“. REKA ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, Nr. 1 (31.01.2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaelkomika.v5i1.11-20.
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Curriculum development is one of the challenges in the world of education. In vocational schools with Computer and Network Engineering Skills Competency (TKJ) in particular, these curriculum changes update the Basic Competencies taught. Several changes have been made, including those related to the core competency of fiber optic cable termination. The curriculum renewal means students must improve their core competencies in connecting fiber optic cables. Often, lessons related to fiber optic termination are only given theoretically. This is due to limited support for tools and materials for the fiber optics practicum. This activity will provide a workshop on connecting fiber optic cables to TKJ Skills Competency Vocational School students. As a result, the evaluation of the acceptance of activity materials obtained an average participant score of 88.74% in the very high category. Then, evaluating satisfaction with training activities, it was found that satisfaction with training methods was 94.35% (very high class); training instructors at 93.33% (very high category); and facilities and infrastructure amounting to 95.26% (very high type).
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Andreev, V. A., A. V. Bourdine und V. A. Burdin. „Comprehensive solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks“. Radio industry (Russia) 30, Nr. 4 (23.12.2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-4-8-13.
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Problem statement. In recent years, the problem of replacing copper-core fiber-optic cables has become particularly relevant. This is due to two factors: first, the prospect of introducing unmanned vehicles and the development of electromagnetic microwave weapons that can disable electronic equipment for almost any target at a distance of 10 km or more, and second, the growing need to reduce the delay of transmitted signals on the network and increase the volume of information transmitted in these networks. The article describes the construction of onboard cable networks using fiberoptic cables. The advantages and disadvantages of fiber-optic based onboard networks are described.Objective. Development of solutions for the use of fiber-optic communication cables in onboard information networks that provide high technology for laying optical cables, the required speed of information transmission, ease of operation and modernization of information networks.Results. A comprehensive solution for building onboard information networks based on fiber-optic cables having an increased core diameter and an optimized refractive index profile in pipelines using pneumatic laying technology is proposed.Practical implications. The proposed integrated solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks, including a method for onboard laying optical cables, the use of specially developed optical fiber with an increased core diameter and reduced differential modal delay, and the development of modular telecommunications equipment, allows meeting the requirements for onboard networks to ensure reliability and safety, economic efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and ease of maintenance, components dismantling and replacement.
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Tranfield, M. Wynn. „Unspooling the Legacy of Submarine Cables“. DttP: Documents to the People 46, Nr. 3 (08.10.2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v46i3.6826.
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Submarine cables represent an invisible yet crucial infrastructure that enable all manner of global communication. Despite their impact, they are seldom a matter of public interest or debate. Further, they are uniquely represented in state, federal, and international legislation. Throughout history, legislative concerns surrounding submarine cables have shifted from colonial monopolies to environmental health and national security. The following document examines the evolution of submarine cables from the first transatlantic copper wire cable to the present fiber-optic cable boom through the legislative lens.
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Douglass, Alexander S., John Ragland und Shima Abadi. „Overview of distributed acoustic sensing technology and recently acquired data sets“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018174.
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Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a recent innovation utilized primarily in the seismic community for measuring seismic acoustics signals at low frequencies (single digit Hz and below). The technique utilizes strain rates in a fiber optic cable, observed via the backscatter of light pulses, to measure the acoustic field. Recently, the capabilities of this technology to measure higher frequency acoustic fields (10s to 100s of Hz) have been explored. Low frequency marine mammals calls at ∼20 Hz and ship noises have been successfully recorded, and a recent experiment demonstrated the capability to record up to ∼500 Hz. This talk provides an overview of DAS technology and introduces two recent experiments for studying water column acoustics with DAS. A 4-day experiment conducted in November 2020 as part of the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) provides data along two fiber optic cables extending west from the coast of Oregon by 65 km and 95 km, reaching depths of 590 m and 1575 m, respectively. DASCAL22, a recent experiment from October 2022, simultaneously recorded data using DAS at 2 kHz sampling rate on a cable extending 3.54km at ∼100 m depth and multiple moored hydrophones placed close to the DAS cable, allowing direct comparison between a new and existing technology.
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Nowak, Samuel, Taghi Sherizadeh, Mina Esmaeelpour, Dogukan Guner und Kutay E. Karadeniz. „Hybrid Fiber Optic Cable for Strain Profiling and Crack Growth Measurement in Rock, Cement, and Brittle Installation Media“. Sensors 22, Nr. 24 (10.12.2022): 9685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249685.
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Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technologies such as Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) have broad applicability for the long term and real-time monitoring of large concrete structures, underground mine excavations, pit slopes, and deep subsurface wellbores. When installed in brittle media, however, the meter scale spatial resolution of the BOTDR/A technology prohibits the detection or measurement of highly localized deformations, such as those which form at or along cracks, faults, and other discontinuities. This work presents a novel hybrid fiber optic cable with the ability to self-anchor to any brittle installation media without the need for manual installation along fixed interval points. Laboratory scale testing demonstrates the ability of the hybrid fiber optic cable to measure strains across highly localized deformation zones in both tension and shear. In addition, results show the applicability of the developed technology for strain monitoring in high displacement environments. Linear relationships are proposed for use in estimating the displacement magnitude along discontinuities in brittle media from strain signals collected from the hybrid fiber optic cable. The hybrid fiber optic cable has broad potential applications, such as geomechanical monitoring in underground mines, surface pits, large civil infrastructure projects, and deep subsurface wellbores. The benefits of fiber optic sensing, such as the intrinsic safety of the sensors, the long sensing range, and real time capabilities make this a compelling technique for long term structural health monitoring (SHM) in a wide range of industrial and civil applications.
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Renner, T., D. Lah, T. Trick und J. Kriegseis. „Determination Of Flow Velocities Using Fiber-Optic Temperature Measurements“. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (11.07.2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.160.
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A novel flow measuring technique is introduced to measure under harsh circumstances in environments with dirt, high pressures and elevated temperatures as in boreholes within the earth's crust. A glass fiber embedded in a cable with heating wires measures the temperature within the heated cable with distributed temperature sensing (DTS). Similar to Hot Wire Anemometry, the velocity dependence of convective heat transfer is exploited to measure the velocity of the cable as a cylinder in crossflow. A borehole-mimicking test rig and a realistic prototype of a borehole probe were built and the flow along the borehole axis was investigated. The expected Nusselt Reynolds characteristic of a cylinder in crossflow has been measured which proves the concept of this novel measurement technique. Challenges arise with the insufficient spatial resolution of DTS measurements and in the heat transfer modeling because the temperature profile of the cables cross-section must be taken into account. More detailed investigations and developments are planned to elevate this measurement technique from the current proof-of-concept stage to a reliable flow measurement technique. As a first step, the DTS technique will be extended the application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature measurements at specific points along the glass fiber. Subsequently a straight segment of a new hybrid cable will be placed in a water channel perpendicular to the flow direction. The Flow will be precisely specified using Particle Image Velocimetry and multiple temperature sensors in the channel and on the cable's sheath will deliver the information for enhanced heat transfer modelling.
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Divyavarshini, R. „Evaluation of Fiber-Optic Cable Performance“. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 12, Nr. 2 (22.02.2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.61463/ijset.vol.12.issue2.152.
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Apperl, Benjamin, Matthias Bernhardt und Karsten Schulz. „Towards Improved Field Application of Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Soil Moisture Estimation: A Laboratory Experiment“. Sensors 20, Nr. 1 (19.12.2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010029.
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The “dual probe heat pulse” (DPHP) method using actively heated fiber optic (AHFO) cables combined with distributed temperate sensing (DTS) technology has been developed for monitoring thermal properties and soil water content at the field scale. Field scale application, however, requires the use of robust and thicker fiber optic cables, corroborating the assumption of an infinite thin heat source in the evaluation process. We therefore included a semi-analytical solution of the heat transport equation into the evaluation procedure in order to consider the finite thermal properties of the heating cable without a calibration procedure to estimate effective thermal properties of the soil. To test this new evaluation procedure, we conducted a laboratory experiment and tested different heating scenarios to infer soil moisture from volumetric heat capacity. Estimates were made by analyzing the shift of the temperature amplitude at the sensing cable and the characteristics of the response heating curve. The results were compared with results from the calibrated infinite line source solution and in situ water content point measurements and showed a good approximation of thermal properties for strong and short heat pulses. Volumetric water content estimates are similarly accurate to the results of the calibrated infinite line source solution. Problems arose with the cable spacing and the resettlement process after burying the cable.
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Darmono, Hendro, Simon Calvin Pribadi und Yoyok Heru Prasetyo Isnomo. „Implementation of Two-Way Voice and Text Communication System Using Fiber Optic Media“. Jurnal Jartel 12, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v12i1.257.
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In this technology age, people's need for communication systems is growing. In various places and conditions, communication must be maintained to meet various needs. One of the solutions required in these circumstances is an optical fiber communication system. Fiber optic cable is a light-based data transmission technique. The advantages of optical transmission include the fact that the light spectrum does not spread like radio frequencies, making it impossible to intercept, the fact that it propagates at a very high speed, allowing it to go very large distances, and the ease with which it may be installed. To tackle this problem, we proposed to innovate by realizing and developing a two-way voice and text communication system using fiber optic cable media. The voice and text communication system created and deployed in this study is based on an Android application. This communication system does not require a server and internet network. Only Android smartphones, access points, fiber media converters, and fiber optic cables are required. The greatest throughput value measured by the system is 2708 bytes/second, while the lowest is 1020 bytes/second. The longest delay is 2.314 seconds, while the shortest is 1.99 seconds. In terms of packet loss, the value is 0%.
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İbrahimov, Bayram, Elshan Hashimov, Aziz Talibov und Arif Hasanov. „RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS INDICATORS FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINES USING SPECTRAL TECHNOLOGIES“. Advanced Information Systems 6, Nr. 1 (06.04.2022): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2022.1.10.
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The fiber-optic communication lines and fiber-optic transmission systems using fiber-optic cable, receiving and transmitting optical modules based on WDM and DWDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing & Dense WDM) technologies are studied. A method for calculating the transmission characteristics fiber-optic communication lines is proposed and relationships are obtained that establish an analytical relationship between the length regeneration section and the transmission rate. This paper discusses the study and analysis indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral WDM and DWDM technologies.
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Shehadeh, Madeleine Taiseer, und Mohammed Jamil Al-Qaralleh. „Development of a GIS Tool to Find Fiber Cable Fault Using Python Scripting for ArcGIS in Amman City“. Jordan Journal of Social Sciences 17, Nr. 2 (30.07.2024): 208–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjss.v17i2.1297.
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Optical fiber cables are characterized by a larger bandwidth than other transmission media, which increases the amount of data transmitted per unit of time. Managing a fiber optic network using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has benefits for the operation and maintenance of the communication network. The study aims to develop a GIS tool to detect fiber optic cable faults using Python Scripting for ArcGIS in the city of Amman. To achieve this goal, the Esri data model for telecommunications was used. The study concluded that it is possible to locate faults using the Python programming language, and the program provides accurate coordinates based on the precision of the OTDR device.
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Yuseliani, Rifaa Dhiyannisa. „Penambahan Optical Distribution Point (ODP) Menggunakan Metode Branching Dalam Rancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Di Gedung G Lantai 3 Politeknik Negeri Padang“. Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 17, Nr. 2 (30.04.2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.17.2.236.
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Fiber To The Home (FTTH) is a network that uses fiber optics. One of the devices on FTTH is optical distribution point (ODP). There are two methods of ODP installation, namely by connecting aerial cables directly to ODP and branching. Branching is a method of branching FTTH devices. In previous studies branching was carried out in the closure. However, in the study there was a drawback, namely the branching in the closure must be carried out by connecting fiber optic cables which requires high accuracy. Therefore, this study discusses branching in ODP with the 1: 2 passive splitter method and dropcore cable. Therefore, with this method branching can be done without connecting fiber optic cables. The result of this study is branching with a 1:2 passive splitter, one of the outputs to the ODP Closure Area of the passive splitter 1:8 has a high attenuation value when at the customer's home, which is 32.23dB, compared to other outputs in the passive splitter 1:2 directly connected to the OTB has a attenuation value of 23.53dB. In contrast to branching, using a dropcore cable to the ODP passive splitter 1:4 as a branching tool produces a attenuation value of 26.55dB, which is in accordance with the standards for all four outputs. The high attenuation value affects the quality of the network in the customer's home. Therefore, good branching is to use a dropcore cable. The allowable attenuation value in the customer's home is less than 28dB in accordance with itu-T G.984 standard.
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Mad Zahir, Mohamad Hafizal, Khairul Mustaqim Abdul Aziz, Ahmad Riza Ghazali und Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff. „Effectiveness of Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) in Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) Field Survey“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 8 (16.04.2023): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085002.
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The evolution of fiber optic technology in the past few decades has led to significant advancements in various fields, including high-speed and long-distance communication, big data transport, optical imaging, and sensing. However, relatively few studies have examined the use of fiber optic sensors (FOSs) as point and distributed sensors in geophysics. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a widely used method for subsurface imaging and monitoring in wells, specifically in Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) surveys. This method allows for detailed analysis of subsurface structures and properties of reservoirs. Four different strategies for deploying FOS cables in DAS VSP are evaluated and compared: cementing behind casing, cable behind inflatable liner, strapping to production tubing, and wireline deployment. Cementing the fiber behind casing is considered the most effective method for coupling with the formation. However, the other methods also have their own advantages and limitations. The fiber cable behind inflatable liner, for example, allows for accessibility to the fiber without affecting the acoustic signal, while strapping the fiber to production tubing can still record DAS signals; tubing noise and signal attenuation from the annular fluid, however, can make it difficult to differentiate from the seismic signal. Nonetheless, this method has the benefit of being simpler to deploy and replace in case of failure. Wireline deployment can pick up some acoustic signals in regions where the cable touches the well wall, but in vertical sections where the cable is not in contact with the wall, the signal is attenuated. Results from pilot tests in a field in Canada are discussed and evaluated, and suggestions for improving the VSP signal are provided.
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B. Horeh, Erfan, Shima Abadi und William S. Wilcock. „Analysis of underwater radiated noise from ships using distributed acoustic sensing technology“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, Nr. 4_Supplement (01.10.2024): A57. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035099.
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology enables continuous monitoring of acoustic vibrations along fiber optic cables, providing high-resolution spatial and temporal data. This study explores the application of DAS technology for analyzing underwater radiated noise from ships. In November 2021, four days of DAS data were collected using two cables from the Ocean Observatories Initiative Regional Cabled Array, extending offshore central Oregon. Numerous ship passages occurred over these cables, with information available through the Automatic Identification System (AIS). DAS data were collected using two different interrogators on two fibers in each cable, providing an opportunity to investigate the differences in ship noise detected on different fibers within the same cable and across different DAS systems with varying configurations. Preliminary analysis of two large ships shows that their noise is clearly detected in the DAS measurements. By combining these measurements with AIS data, we can accurately locate the receiving channels on the cable. This talk will expand on these observations to perform a comparative analysis of the measurements across different fibers and interrogators. These findings demonstrate the capability of DAS technology in maritime acoustic monitoring and its potential to enhance our understanding of underwater noise pollution.
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Oluwole Olakunle Green, Gbenga Ayodeji Gbotoso, Samuel Okeolu Omogoye, Olufemi Sobowale Soneye, Iskeel Adekunle Sadiq und Abayomi Olukayode Ajayi. „A model of optical fiber point-to-point communication system“. International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 3, Nr. 1 (30.08.2022): 033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.3.1.0049.
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The waveguide which is considered recently for transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals from one node to another node is the optic fiber technology. The reliance on fast transmission of information can be achieved with the implementation of fiber optic cable as a waveguide in a communication channel. Basically, optic fiber transmits information with the aid of light called laser at majorly two categories of wavelengths which are 1310 nm and 1550 nm. Propagation of signal over a long stretch of fiber is affected by attenuation due to scattering, fiber bend due to impurities and absorption between the core and the cladding when signal travels along the channel, but these loses are minimal between acceptable value. Optical fiber sensors called photodetector are used to detect the information at the receiving end with minimal losses along the fiber channel. Results obtained demonstrate that there are minimal losses in a fiber cable-based signal transmission.
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Asril, Aprinal Adila, Yustini Yustini und Putri Azizah Herwita. „Merancang Sistem Pengukuran Redaman Transmisi Kabel Optik Single Mode Jenis Pigtail“. Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 11, Nr. 2 (05.12.2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.11.2.117.
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Optical fiber is a transmission channel made of glass or plastic that is used to transmit light signals from one place to another. Optical fibers, in general, have a basic structure consisting of a fiber core, a fiber coating (cladding), and a protective layer (coating) consisting of an inner jacket. This research discusses the design of the attenuation of the fiber optic transmission measurement system by connection factor. Optical fiber cable used in this research is pigtail type cable with single-mode cable type. The cable used is 10 meters long, which will be installed in the Optical Termination Box. In the Optical Termination Box there are 6 pigtail cables, which are without connections, with a 6 cm sleeve protection one connection and two connections, also with a 4 cm sleeve protection one connection and two connections, then use a barrel adapter. In this design testing tools use Light source, Optical Power Meter, and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). The attenuation value after testing on the protection sleeve 6cm; 12,330 dB, then the attenuation on the protection sleeve is 4cm; 12,729 dB. Then attenuation on the barrel adapter; 12,954 dB
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Nasrul, Nasrul, Popy Maria, Nurraudya Tuz Zahra und Yosi Gusmiati. „Effect of Connection Losses on Fiber To The Building (FTTB) Network Activation“. Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 4, Nr. 2 (25.10.2024): 557–66. https://doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v4i2.4622.
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The Fiber To The Building (FTTB) technology uses fiber optic cables for high-speed data transmission in high-rise office buildings. However, connection loss in fiber optic cables, especially during network activation, can significantly affect the overall performance and reliability of the FTTB network. This study investigates the effects of connection loss on total attenuation in FTTB networks before and after activation, using Passive Optical Network (PON) technology. Simulations were performed on three subscriber scenarios with different treatments of drop core cables (no connection, one connection, two connections) and patch cord cables of different lengths (3m, 5m, 10m), each with additional variations in the number of connections. Attenuation measurements were taken before and after network activation, showing that increasing cable length and splices leads to higher attenuation and reduced network performance. For example, customer 1 with no connections had the lowest attenuation before activation of 19.68 dB and after activation of 19.57 dB with signal quality (ping ONU 11 ms, ping OLT 9 ms, and ping Google 31 ms) while customer 3 with the most connections had attenuation values before activation of 20.92 dB and after activation of 20.87 dB with signal quality (ping ONU 29 ms, ping OLT 28 ms, and ping Google 70 ms). This research emphasises the importance of link management and the length of cable used to minimize attenuation and ensure optimal network performance.