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Burns, Alison. "Field-names of North-East Scotland : a socio-onomastic study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6424/.
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Field-names in Scotland are part of the oral tradition, passed down from generation to generation of farmers. Despite the valuable holdings at the Scottish Field Name Survey (University of Edinburgh), work to collect these names has been patchy and many areas of Scotland remain uncovered. The introduction of a new numbering system for tax purposes has resulted in a marked decline in the use of field-names, and generally only older members of the community can recall the names. There are few written records that preserve early forms, and little systematic study of the topic. Therefore, time is running out to collect the names of Scottish fields. The focus of this thesis is a corpus of 1552 field-names from the north-east of Scotland which I collected using a socio-onomastic approach. Spoken interviews were used as the main tool for data collection drawing on practices from the discipline of sociolinguistics. A key aspect of this research is the social aspect of naming and the combination of sociolinguistic methods with more traditional onomastic methods.
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Richter, Evelyn. "Student Slang at IIT Madras: a Linguistic Field Study." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200600201.
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Students at a certain university often develop their own in-group language which only insiders will understand. This phenomenon is very distinctive in IIT Madras. My MA thesis tries to describe and classify the student slang spoken at IIT Madras. This classification is done according to etymological origin and applied word formation patterns on the one hand and according to context in which the terms are used on the other. The results are based on three questionnaires conducted at IIT Madras and via email correspondence.
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Mansouri, Ali Nasser Harb. "Semantic field theory and the teaching of English vocabulary with special reference to Iraqi secondary schools." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3516/.
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The study of semantic fields and their relationships within lexical structure has become an essential part of semantic analysis. Vaguely formulated though it has been, semantic field theory has proved its worth as a general guide for research in descriptive semantics over the last fifty years-, and has undoubtedly increased our understanding of the way the lexemes of language are interrelated in sense. The aim of the present study is two-fold. First, it is an attempt to investigate the theory of semantic fields and offer an account of the theory that may be applied to lexical problems in foreign language teaching. The second aim of the study is 'applied' in nature. It is concerned with the potential applications of semantic field theory to the teaching and learning of lexis in EFL situations. Semantic field theory is a theory of lexical semantics. The evaluation of the adequacy of a linguistic theory is a matter internal to linguistics-, whether a theory succeeds according to some objective criteria in accounting for what it purports to account for. Semantic field theory has achieved a great deal of adequacy in accounting for the semantic relations holding between the meanings of lexemes in a natural language. However, in applied linguistics, we are not interested only in the adequacy or validity of linguistic theories but also in their utility for solving the practical problems faced by the language learner. Just as a linguistic theory must be validated empirically according to criteria internal to linguistics, so a linguistic theory must also be proved useful in application. The test of a theory's utility is, therefore, empirical. In order to assess the utility of semantic field theory in the teaching of English vocabulary, an experiment was formulated and conducted in an EFL situation. Although the experiment was limited and applied to a specific language skill (reading comprehension) and to a specific situation (a secondary school in Iraq), it is hoped that the findings of the experiment will be potentially relevant to other language skills and to EFL-teachers working in a wide variety of situations, The thesis is divided into eleven chapters. Chapter One is intended to shed light on the nature of vocabulary and the role of lexis in communication and to identify the EFL learners' problem in acquiring lexis in semantic fields. Chapter Two is an attempt to define and clarify some linguistic terms as used in our discussion and analysis of semantic fields. Chapter Three looks into the historical background of semantic field theory and critically examines some recent studies that have contributed to the development of the theory. Chapter Four is a somewhat detailed investigation of the structure of semantic fields and the characteristics of these fields as envisaged in our research. It also deals with some approaches to the analysis of lexical meaning and suggests a simplified componential-collocational approach for the teaching of lexis. Chapter. c Three and Four may be regarded as making up the 'theoretical part' of the research. The 'applied part' is covered in Chapters 5- 10. Chapter Five is a contrastive lexical analysis of some semantic fields in English and Arabic - Arabic being the language of the EFL learners with whom our research is mainly concerned. Chapters Six and Seven deal with some pedagogical issues relevant to the study and to the experiment. The experiment (its design, hypotheses, phases, results, statistical analyses of the results, discussion of the findings, etc. ) are given in Chapters Ekht, Nine and Ten. Some concluding remarks concerning the place of the study in the wider context of applied linguistics research and its implications for the teaching of vocabulary in Iraq and other EFL situations are dealt with in Chapter Eleven.
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Tranter, David Nicolas Charles. "The lexical field of fear : an analysis of English and Japanese with particular reference to semantic roles." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322726.
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5
Zotzmann, Karin. "Educating for the future : a critical discourse analysis of the academic field of intercultural business communication." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/26887/.
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The present investigation analyzes critically the discursive and generic make-up, the conceptual base and educational goals of a new interdisciplinary academic field of enquiry called Intercultural Business Communication as it is pursued in the context of the Germany higher education system. Its purpose is twofold: Firstly, it attempts to bring to light and debate the actual validity claims made by these authors in respect to socio-economic changes and the educational promise of intercultural understanding through intercultural training. Secondly, it shows how aspects of context (e.g. interdisciplinary relations, disciplinary intricacies, hegemonic discourses, changes in the higher educational system and its relation to other social spheres) can impact upon the discourse and genre of social science in general and this particular field in particular. By drawing upon Critical Discourse Analysis as a theoretical stance and a methodological path, a corpus of 24 academic articles published in this area is analyzed in relation to the recontextualization of socio-economic changes (presences and absences of social actors, processes and evaluation), the legitimation of educational goals through reference to these changes, the conceptualization of key terms (like culture, the other etc.), the implications of these theoretical decisions for the possibility of increased, mutual understanding and the form of academic writing (argumentation, debate, genre change). While the thesis aims to identify specific discursive and generic patterns, open them to contestation, and to explain their presence in these texts, it is also strongly normative and discusses questions related to the changing understanding of the nature, form and function of academic knowledge production in society.
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Timmermann, Jörg. "Lexematische Wortfeldforschung einzelsprachlich und kontrastiv das Wortfeld "Gewässer" im Französischen, Deutschen, Englischen und Spanischen." Tübingen Narr, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2896854&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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7
Miranda, Ine︠s︡ Miranda. "An optimality theoretic analysis of Nicaraguan Spanish diminutivization : results of a field survey /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8393.
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8
Kwan, Yu Hang. "Assessing pre-service teaching practicum: a corpus-assisted discourse analysis of field experience supervision forms." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/117.
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This study analyses the moves, linguistic realisations and mitigation devices of four teaching practicum supervisors' cmmnents written to eighteen supervisees on fifty- four standard field experience supervision forms. Broadly speaking, the results reveal that the supervisors use evaluative adjectives, modality markers and imperatives to give praise and acknowledge good practice, identify weaknesses, and suggest improvements in relation to teaching and managing learning. As the supervision exercise can be face-threatening, the supervisors demonstrate sensitivity to redress their negative comments through such mitigation strategies as hedging, praise-criticism pairs, rhetorical questions and personal attributions, although the strengths of such devices may vary according to contextual issues. These findings enable readers to understand how the pragma-linguistic resources realise two global communicative purposes, i.e., "Assessment of Learning" and "Assessment for Learning".
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Aertsen, H. "Play in Middle English : a contribution to word field theory /." Amsterdam : Free University Press, 1987. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33043.
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Andersson, Tina, and Carolina Eriksson. "Learning in a language that isn't one's own : the case of Jamaica A Minor Field Study." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1093.
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<p>In this study, titled Learning in a language that isn't one's own - the case of Jamaica, our intention is to give a picture of what the language situation in Jamaica is like. English is the official language in Jamaica, but it is coexisting with Jamacian Creole, which is not admitted as a official language, but it is the language of the people. In this study we try to point out possible factors that have created the language situation of Jamaica. We have mostly focused on the situation at school, all teaching is supposed to be in English. We have observed attitudes among pupils and teachers to English and Jamaican Creole. We will also give general explanations of the terms Pidgin and Creole and we will give a brief history background of Jamaica.</p>
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Naumchuk, Yulia, and Юлія Василівна Наумчук. "Problems of communication skills in the field of aviation." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50566.
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1. Makarov R. N. Fundamentals of the formation of professional reliability of civil aviation flight personnel: textbook, 1990 .384 p.
2. Brodova O. V. Communal cleverness - warehouse of professional hopes of pilots: monograph. Kirovohrad: View "Code", 2014. 195 p.<br>Communication of crew members is an integral part of flight safety as the success of the flight depends on it. The biggest causes of aviation accidents are misunderstandings between crew members and dispatchers. Ineffective communicators increase the risk of human error.<br>Комунікація членів екіпажу є невід'ємною частиною безпеки польотів так як успіх польооту залежить від неї. Найбільшими причинами авіаційних подій є непорозуміння членів екіпажу та диспечерів між собою. Неефективні комунікатори збільшують ризик людських помилок.
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Shockley, Darla Magdalene. "Email Thread Summarization with Conditional Random Fields." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268159269.
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Watts, Jameson K. M., and Jameson K. M. Watts. "Language Consistency and Exchange: Market Reactions to Change in the Distribution of Field-level Information." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556000.
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Markets are fluid. Over time, the dominant designs, processes and paradigms that define an industry invariably succumb to productive innovation or changes in fashion (Arthur, 2009; Schumpeter, 1942; Simmel, 1957). Take for example the recent upheaval of the cell phone market following Apple's release of the iPhone. When it was introduced in 2007, one could clearly differentiate Apple's product from all others; however, subsequent imitation of the iPhone produced a market in which nearly all cell phones look (and perform) alike. The iPhone was a harbinger of the new dominant design. These cycles of innovation and fashion are not limited to consumer markets. Business markets (often defined by longer term inter-firm relationships) are subject to similar transformations. For example, current practices in the biotechnology industry are quite distinct from those accompanying its emergence from university labs in the second half of the 20th century (Powell et al., 2005). Technologies that were once viewed as radical have undergone a process of legitimation and integration into mainstream healthcare delivery systems. Practices that were dominant in the 1980's gave way to newer business models in the 1990's and feedback from down-stream providers changed the way drugs were delivered to patients (Wolff, 2001).During periods of transition, market actors face great difficulty anticipating reactions to their behavior (practices, products, etc.). How they deal with this uncertainty is an interminable source of academic inquiry in the social sciences (see e.g. Alderson, 1965; Simon, 1957; Thompson, 1967) and, in a broad sense, it is the primary concern of the current work as well. However, I am focused specifically on the turmoil caused by transitions in technology, taste and attention over time--the disagreements which occur as market actors collectively shift their practices from one paradigm to the next (Powell and Colyvas, 2008). If innovations are assumed to arise locally and diffuse gradually (see e.g. Bass, 1969; Rogers, 2002), then transient differences in knowledge are a natural outcome. Those closest to, or most interested in an innovation will have greater knowledge than those furthest away or less involved. Thus, for a period following some shift in technology, taste or attention, market participants will vary in their knowledge and interpretation of the change. In the following chapters, I investigate the ramifications of this sort of knowledge heterogeneity on the exchange behavior and subsequent performance of market participants. It is the central argument of this thesis that this heterogeneity affects exchange by both limiting coordination and increasing quality uncertainty. The details of this argument are fleshed out in Chapters 1, 2 and 3 (summarized below), which build upon each other in a progression from abstract, to descriptive to specific tests of theory. However, each can also stand by itself as an independent examination of the knowledge-exchange relationship. The final chapter synthesizes my findings and highlights some implications for practitioners and further research. In Chapter 1, I review the history and development of Alderson's (1965) 'law of exchange' in the marketing literature and propose an extension based on insights from information theory. A concept called market entropy is introduced to describe the distribution of knowledge in a field and propositions are offered to explain the exchange behavior expected when this distribution changes. Chapter 2 investigates knowledge heterogeneity through its relation with written language. Drawing on social-constructionist theories of classification (Goldberg, 2012) and insights from research on the legitimation process (Powell and Colyvas, 2008), I argue for a measure of field-level consensus based on changes in the frequency distribution of descriptive words over time. This measure is operationalized using eleven years of trade journal articles from the biotech industry and is shown to support the propositions offered in Chapter 1. Chapter 3 builds on the arguments and evidence developed in Chapters 1 and 2 to test theory on the structural advantages of a firm's position in a network of strategic alliances. Prior work has documented returns to network centrality based on the premise that central firms have greater and more timely access to information about industry developments (Powell et al., 1996, 1999). However, other research claims that benefits to centrality accrue based on the signal that such a position provides about an actor's underlying quality (Malter, 2014; Podolny, 1993, 2005). I investigate this tension in the literature and offer new insights based on interactions between network position and the measure developed in Chapter 2.
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Narin, Matilda. "Phonological features of Yazghulami : A field study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131719.
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Yazghulami is a South-East Iranian language spoken in the Pamir area of Tajikistan by about 9000 people. This study gives an account of the phonology of the language by describing contrastive segments and their distribution and realizations, as well as describing suprasegmental features such as syllable structure and stress patterns. Field research was carried out in a community of Yazghulami speakers in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, by recording, transcribing and annotating spoken language. Yazghulami is analyzed as having 8 vowel phonemes of which one pair contrasts in length, and 36 consonant phonemes with a considerable display of palatal, velar and uvular phonemes, of which a set of three labialized plosives and three labialized fricatives is found. The syllable structure of Yazghulami allows for clusters of no more than two consonants in the onset and two in the coda; clusters in both positions do not occur in one and the same syllable. The stress generally falls on the last syllable of a word, although when nouns are inflected with suffixes, the stress instead falls on the last syllable of the stem. With these results, a foundation for further efforts to develop and increase the status of this endangered language is laid.<br>Yazghulami är ett sydöst-iranskt språk som talas i Pamirområdet i Tadzjikistan av cirka 9000 personer. Studien redogör för språkets fonologi genom beskrivning av dess kontrastiva segment och hur dessa distribueras och realiseras, samt en beskrivning av dess suprasegmentella drag så som stavelsestruktur och betoningsmönster. Fältstudier bedrevs bland yazghulami-talare i Dusjanbe, Tadzjikistans huvudstad, genom inspelning, transkribering och annotering av talat språk. Analysen visar på att yazghulami har 8 vokalfonem, där ett par kontrasterar i längd, och 36 konsonantfonem med en nämnvärd uppsättning av palatala, velara och uvulara fonem, varav ett set med tre labialiserade klusiler och tre labialiserade frikativor. Stavelsestrukturen i yazghulami tillåter kluster med upp till två konsonanter i ansatsen och två i kodan, men kluster förekommer inte i båda positioner inom en och samma stavelse. Betoningen faller generellt på den sista stavelsen av ett ord, men för substantiv böjda med suffix faller betoningen istället på den sista stavelsen i stammen. Dessa resultat kommer ligga till grund för vidare arbete med att utveckla och öka statusen av detta hotade språk.
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Antblad, Desirée. "A study of how students feed from feedback : An application of speech act and attribution theory within the field of linguistics." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-42242.
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This essay provides an analysis of five examples of written feedback on a speech assignment completed for an English as a foreign language (EFL) class by second-year students of upper secondary school. The essay aims to shed light on how feedback is formulated and how it is interpreted as a part of a textual dialogue between teacher and student. The analysis focuses on three separate sources of data: an interview with the students, examples of feedback and a short teacher interview. This dataset provides an insight to the process of the students’ reception and interpretation of the feedback and allows an analysis of the correspondence between what the teacher tries to communicate and what the students in their turn understand from the feedback. Two theories applied in this research include 1) attribution theory and 2) speech act theory, which attempt to show how the students reflect on their achievements and apply feedback to their own development. The feedback is interpreted on two different occasions. First, the textual feedback was coded, and an analysis model was developed based on two characteristics of in-text feedback: directive and expressive functions. The findings suggest that more specific feedback should be provided, and a deeper awareness among teachers of how students interpret their feedback would aid the students’ learning process.<br><p>The presentation was held online due to Corona.</p>
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Santos, Caio César Costa. "Bons tempos aqueles: implicações na expansão do campo dêitico." Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5752.
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This dissertation reveals the implications of indices subjectivity of deictic expressions and translocation of these same linguistic forms in terms of memory. The central hypothesis is that deictic field is expanded through coemergency crystallized indexical thoughts (in memory) via referential expressions, such as grip, almost unanimously, by demonstrative noun phrases. From this hypothesis, it is necessary the extension of the concept of deictic field as recent deictic conception has not yet outlined this objective.
Benveniste had already presupposed processes for this problem: a spatio-temporal translocation and of plans difference in enunciative studies. We based this description in order to frame the problem investigated here: (a) if the deictic field of memory is possibly the "I - here - now", how to define and characterize this typicality of referent;? (b) how to explain this phenomenon of expansion of the deictic field of perceptual coordinates in memories-images inside their own "I- here - now" via demonstratives
determinants of employment ; (c) how the tags and expansions of deictic memory (structured demonstrative pronouns) are revealed in the textual dynamics and how referential and discursive functions? The concluding observations point to the fact that the preferred choice by the indices demonstration is in accordance with different conditionings of deictic operations, including memory that do not share the same experiences of situational mostrative field. In contrast, memory anchored in a reference treatment limited in contextual motivation that appropriates the deictic field.<br>A presente dissertação revela as implicações dos índices de subjetividade das expressões dêiticas e a translocação dessas mesmas formas linguísticas no plano da memória. A hipótese central é a de que o campo dêitico é expandido por meio da coemergência de pensamentos indiciais cristalizados (na memória) via expressões referenciais, como a aderência, quase unânime, pelos sintagmas nominais
demonstrativos. A partir dessa hipótese, torna-se necessária a ampliação do conceito de campo dêitico, já que a concepção dêitica recente não tem esboçado ainda esse objetivo. Benveniste já havia pressuposto processos para esse problema: a translocação espaçotemporal e a diferença de planos nos estudos enunciativos. Tomamos como base essa descrição, a fim de enquadrar o problema aqui investigado: (a) se o campo dêitico da memória possivelmente é o próprio eu-aqui-agora , como definir e caracterizar a tipicidade de referente?; (b) como explicar o fenômeno de expansão do campo dêitico
de coordenadas perceptuais em lembranças-imagens no interior do próprio eu-aquiagora via emprego de determinantes demonstrativos?; (c) de que forma as marcações e expansões dos dêiticos de memória (estruturados em pronomes demonstrativos) são reveladas na dinâmica textual e com que funções referenciais? As observações finais apontam para o fato de que a escolha preferencial pelos índices de demonstração está em acordo com diferentes condicionamentos das operações dêiticas, inclusive as de memória, que não partilham das mesmas experiências do campo mostrativo situacional. Ao contrário, as de memória ancoram em um tratamento referencial circunscrito namotivação contextual de que o campo dêitico se apropria.
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Verdizade, Allahverdi. "Selected topics in the phonology and morphosyntaxof Laboya : A field study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-174177.
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The present study investigates selected topics in the phonology and morpho-syntax of Laboya, a largely undescribed Austronesian language of Sumba island in eastern Indonesia. The study was carried out during nine weeks of field work. The language data is comprised by collected questionnaires and free narratives. The results of the study show that Laboya is a head-marking language, in which grammatical relations are encoded by clitics hosted by the verb. There are two sets of pronominal clitics indexing the subject and object arguments of verbs, as well as the possessors of noun phrases. Definiteness is important for the choice of clitics indexing the verb arguments. In addition, there are several highly frequent clitical elements with various functions. The patterns of their co-occurrence and interaction are accounted for. Negation demonstrates different patterns for main, subordinate and imperative clauses.Relative clauses are post-nominal and introduced by two distinct proclitics for subjective and objective relative clauses respectively. Noun phrases of all argument types are accessible for relativization.The phonology of Laboya is rather typical for Sumbanese languages, having a five vowel system and a contrastive vowel length. There are around twenty consonants, three of which are implosives. The phonology of Laboya differs somewhat from neighbouring languages by the de-prenasalization of formerly pre-nasalized voiced plosives, and by the frequent deletion of word-final vowels /i/ and /u/.<br>Denna studie presenterar utvalda ämnen inom Labojas ljudlära och morfosyntax. Laboja är ett hittills obeskrivet austronesiskt språk som talas på ön Sumba i östra Indonesien. Studien utfördes under ett nio veckor långt fältarbete genom insamling av frågeformulär och fria narrativ. Resultaten av studien visar att Laboja är ett huvudmarkerande språk där grammatiska relationer uttrycks med klitikor som fogas till verbet. Det finns två uppsättningar av frekventa pronominella klitikor som markerar verbets subjekt, objekt och nominalfrasens ägarskap. Substantivets bestämdhet är en viktig faktor för valet av klitikor som refererar till verbets argument. Därutöver finns det flera högfrekventa klitiska element med varierande funktioner. En redogörelse för mönstren av dessa klitikors samspel och samförekomst ges. Negation i Laboja följer skiftande mönster i huvudsatser, bisatser och imperativa satser. Relativa satser inleds med hjälp av två olika proklitikor beroende på om relativsatsens semantiska subjekt finns att finna i själva relativsatsen eller dess huvudsats. Nominalfraser av samtliga argumenttyper är tillgängliga för relativisering. Labojas ljudlära är tämligen typisk för sumbanesiska språk med femvokalsystem samt kontrastiv längdskillnad. Det finns runt tjugo konsonanter, av vilka tre är implosiva. Ljudläran skiljer sig dock från grannspråken genom att de pre-nasaliserade konsonantljuden har övergått till att vara tonande klusiler, samt genom ett ofta förekommande bortfall av slutvokalerna /i/ och /u/.<br>Penelitian sekarang menyelidiki bahasan tertentu dalam fonologi dan morfosintaksis di dalam Bahasa Laboya, sebuah bahasa Austronesia yang dituturkan di Pulau Sumba, Indonesia timur, yang jarang diteliti. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam jangka waktu sembilan minggu yang dilaksanakan langsung di tempatnya. Data yang diperoleh terdiri atas angket dan cerita. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Laboya merupakan bahasa yang cenderung menggunakan penandaan di kepala (awal) kata, di mana hubungan dalam tata bahasa ditunjukkan dengan klitik yang dimiliki oleh kata kerja. Ada dua jenis dari klitik pronomia yang menunjukkan subyek dan argumen obyek sebuah kata kerja, dan juga pemilik dari frasa kata benda. Kepastian obyek sangat penting ketika memilih klitik yang menunjukkan argumen kata kerja. Ada juga beberapa klitik yang paling sering muncul dengan fungsi yang beragam. Pola dari interaksi mereka telah diperhitungkan. Klausa relatif diletakkan setelah kata benda dan dimulai dengan dua proklitik yang khas untuk klausa relatif subyektif dan obyektif. Frasa kata benda dari semua tipe argumen dapat direlativisasi. Fonologi Bahasa Laboya termasuk lazim ketika dibandingkan dengan bahasa-bahasa lain yang ada di Sumba. Bahasa Laboya memiliki lima huruf vokal, di mana panjang pendeknya suatu huruf vokal berpengaruh pada artinya. Terdapat pula dua puluh konsonan, tiga diantaranya merupakan konsonan implosif. Fonologi Bahasa Laboya dapat dibedakan dengan bahasa yang ada di sekitarnya dengan ada de-prenasalisasi dari konsonan letup yang bersuara, dan dengan penghilangan huruf vokal /i/ dan /u/ pada akhir kata.
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Nogueira, Ayres Charles de Oliveira. "Manual do professor, muito prazer em (re)conhec?-lo! Uma an?lise sociorretorica do g?nero." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16394.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-14<br>Esta pesquisa de natureza documental e etnogr?fica se insere no campo da Lingu?stica Aplicada, tendo por objeto de estudo o Manual do Professor, que acompanha o livro did?tico de L?ngua Portuguesa, e por objetivo geral (re)conhecer os aspectos sociorret?ricos do g?nero Manual do Professor. O interesse desta tese est? concentrado no uso situado desse g?nero, a partir do qual se observam seus aspectos sociorret?ricos, a saber: o que est? posto no produto, o ambiente de intera??o onde ? encontrado e como ? visto por seus usu?rios em potencial. Em um primeiro momento, produzimos um quadro epistemol?gico que nos permitiu, dentre outros reparos, (i) compreender g?nero textual como a??o ret?rica tipificada baseada numa situa??o ret?rica recorrente e (ii) obter um panorama dos programas de governo voltados para a avalia??o de colet?neas did?ticas, nos quais encontramos aspectos indispens?veis a um Manual do Professor. Os aportes te?ricos adotados neste estudo referem-se ? concep??o sociorret?rica dos estudos de g?nero textual ? luz, sobretudo, de Johns et al. (2006), Bazerman (2011) e Miller (2011). Em um segundo momento, sob o vi?s da abordagem sociorret?rica, procuramos definir o Manual do Professor como g?nero textual e apresentamos os aspectos ret?ricos encontrados nas amostras que analisamos, considerando a organiza??o constitutiva, o contexto de uso desse g?nero e as percep??es de seus usu?rios autores e professores. A gera??o de dados deu-se inicialmente a partir da sele??o de tr?s exemplares de Manuais de colet?neas did?ticas adotadas no IFRN; em seguida, no sentido de reconhecer as percep??es dos usu?rios desse g?nero, realizamos grupo focal com professores e entrevistamos o coautor de uma das colet?neas. Para an?lise dos dados, elegemos o m?todo etnogr?fico de an?lise de g?neros postulado por Reiff (apud JOHNS et al, 2006), que nos permitiu analisar o objeto de estudo em contextos aut?nticos de uso do g?nero. Nossos resultados mostram que o Manual do Professor est? inserido num sistema de g?neros e no sistema de atividades profissionais de dom?nio do professor e n?o se limita apenas a explicar como est? organizado o livro did?tico do aluno. Outros sete prop?sitos foram observados, dentre os quais se encontram: possibilitar ao docente uma reflex?o sobre a sua pr?tica de ensino e sugerir caminhos para a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa poder? estimular professores, em rela??o ? import?ncia (e n?o obrigatoriedade) de consultas peri?dicas aos Manuais; autores, no que se refere a estabelecer uma interlocu??o mais pessoalizada com seus leitores em potencial e no sentido de esclarecer ainda mais as facetas do livro did?tico; e editoras, sobretudo no que tange a recursos de editora??o, para que o Manual do Professor se torne mais atrativo
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Marklund, Åsa. "Translation of Technical terms : a study of translation strategies when translating terminology in the field of hydropower generation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13591.
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Abstract This study analyses the translation of a technical guidebook in the subject field of hydropower generation. The aim is to identify and apply functional translation theories when translating general technical terms, industry terms and contract terms. The theoretical basis for the study consists of Eugene Nida’s and Vinay & Darbelnet’s models for translation as well as theories on terminology by Rune Ingo and Therésa Cabré. During the translation process, technical terms were identified and subsequently translated using one or more of the theories described. The result was then analysed and discussed. Although the study is not comprehensive enough to draw significant conclusions, the result indicates that in order to render the best possible translation of technical terms, a combination of theories and methods are best applied; direct translation regarding systematized terminology similar to general technical terms and oblique translation, or dynamic equivalence, regarding industry terms and contract terms. The results further suggest that structural analysis is of great value in order to determine the correct level of the term. In addition, the translator’s experience and knowledge of the subject field as well as readiness to consult parallel texts seem to be vital to the outcome of the translation.
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Kneißl, Fabian. "Crowdsourcing for linguistic field research and e-learning." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-168412.
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Crowdsourcing denotes the transfer of work commonly carried out by single humans to a large group of people. Nowadays, crowdsourcing is employed for many purposes, like people contributing their knowledge to Wikipedia, researchers predicting diseases from data on Twitter, or players solving protein folding problems in games. Still, there are areas for which the application of crowdsourcing has not yet been investigated thoroughly. This thesis examines crowdsourcing for two such areas: for empirical research in sciences oriented on humans -focusing on linguistic field research- and for e-learning.
Sciences oriented on humans -like linguistics, sociology, or art history- depend on empirical research. For example, in traditional linguistic field research researchers ask questions and fill in forms. Such methods are time-consuming, costly, and not free of biases. This thesis proposes the application of crowdsourcing techniques to overcome these disadvantages and to support empirical research in getting more efficient. Therefore, the concept of a generic market for trading with symbolic goods and speculating on their characteristics in a playful manner, called Agora is introduced. Agora aims to be an "operating system" for social media applications gathering data. Furthermore, the Web-based crowdsourcing platform metropolitalia has been established for hosting two social media applications based upon Agora: Mercato Linguistico and Poker Parole. These applications have been conceived as part of this thesis for gathering complementary data and meta-data on Italian language varieties. Mercato Linguistico incites players to express their own knowledge or beliefs, Poker Parole incites players to make conjectures on the contributions of others. Thereby the primary meta-data collected with Mercato Linguistico are enriched with secondary, reflexive meta-data from Poker Parole, which are needed for studies on the perception of languages. An evaluation of the data gathered on metropolitalia exhibits the viability of the market-based approach of Agora and highlights its strengths.
E-learning is concerned with the use of digital technology for learning, nowadays especially via the Internet. This thesis investigates how e-learning applications can support students with association-based learning and lecturers with teaching. For that, a game-like e-learning tool named Termina is proposed in this thesis. From the data collected with Termina association maps are constructed. An association map is a simplified version of a concept map, in which concepts are represented as rectangles and relationships between concepts as links. They constitute an abstract comprehension of a topic. Students profit from the association maps' availability, learn from other participating students, and can track their own learning progress. Lecturers gain insights into the knowledge and into potential misunderstandings of their students. An evaluation of Termina and the collected data along a university course exhibits Termina's usefulness for both students and lecturers.
The main contributions of this thesis are (1) a literature review over collective intelligence, crowdsourcing, and related fields, (2) a model of a generic market for gathering data for empirical research efficiently, (3) two applications based on this model and results of an evaluation of the data gathered with them, (4) the game-like e-learning tool Termina together with insights from its evaluation, and (5) a generic software architecture for all aforementioned applications.<br>Crowdsourcing bezeichnet die Auslagerung von Arbeit an eine Gruppe von Menschen zur Lösung eines Problems. Heutzutage wird Crowdsourcing für viele Zwecke verwendet, zum Beispiel tragen Leute ihr Wissen zu Wikipedia bei, Wissenschaftler sagen Krankheiten anhand von Twitter-Daten vorher oder Spieler lösen Proteinfaltungsprobleme in Spielen. Es gibt dennoch Gebiete, für die der Einsatz von Crowdsourcing noch nicht gründlich untersucht wurde. Diese Arbeit untersucht Crowdsourcing für zwei solche Gebiete: für empirische Forschung in auf den Menschen bezogenen Wissenschaften mit Fokus auf linguistischer Feldforschung sowie für E-Learning.
Auf den Menschen bezogene Wissenschaften wie Linguistik, Soziologie oder Kunstgeschichte beruhen auf empirischer Forschung. In traditioneller linguistischer Feldforschung zum Beispiel stellen Wissenschaftler Fragen und füllen Fragebögen aus. Solche Methoden sind zeitaufwändig, teuer und nicht unbefangen. Diese Arbeit schlägt vor, Crowdsourcing-Techniken anzuwenden, um diese Nachteile zu überwinden und um empirische Forschung effizienter zu gestalten. Dazu wird das Konzept eines generischen Marktes namens Agora für den Handel mit symbolischen Gütern und für die Spekulation über deren Charakteristika eingeführt. Agora ist ein generisches "Betriebssystem" für Social Media Anwendungen. Außerdem wurde die Internet-basierte Crowdsourcing-Plattform metropolitalia eingerichtet, um zwei dieser Social Media Anwendungen, die auf Agora basieren, bereitzustellen: Mercato Linguistico und Poker Parole. Diese Anwendungen wurden als Teil dieser Arbeit entwickelt, um komplementäre Daten und Metadaten über italienische Sprachvarietäten zu sammeln. Mercato Linguistico regt Spieler dazu an, ihr eigenes Wissen und ihre Überzeugungen auszudrücken. Poker Parole regt Spieler dazu an, Vermutungen über die Beiträge anderer Spieler anzustellen. Damit werden die mit Mercato Linguistico gesammelten primären Metadaten mit reflexiven sekundären Metadaten aus Poker Parole, die für Studien über die Wahrnehmung von Sprachen notwendig sind, bereichert. Eine Auswertung der auf metropolitalia gesammelten Daten zeigt die Zweckmäßigkeit des marktbasierten Ansatzes von Agora und unterstreicht dessen Stärken.
E-Learning befasst sich mit der Verwendung von digitalen Technologien für das Lernen, heutzutage vor allem über das Internet. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie E-Learning-Anwendungen Studenten bei assoziationsbasiertem Lernen und Dozenten bei der Lehre unterstützen können. Dafür wird eine Spiel-ähnliche Anwendung namens Termina in dieser Arbeit eingeführt. Mit den über Termina gesammelten Daten werden Association-Maps konstruiert. Eine Association-Map ist eine vereinfachte Variante einer Concept-Map, in der Begriffe als Rechtecke und Beziehungen zwischen Begriffen als Verbindungslinien dargestellt werden. Sie stellen eine abstrakte Zusammenfassung eines Themas dar. Studenten profitieren von der Verfügbarkeit der Association-Maps, lernen von anderen Studenten und können ihren eigenen Lernprozess verfolgen. Dozenten bekommen Einblicke in den Wissensstand und in eventuelle Missverständnisse ihrer Studenten. Eine Evaluation von Termina und der damit gesammelten Daten während eines Universitätskurses bestätigt, dass Termina sowohl für Studenten als auch für Dozenten hilfreich ist.
Die Kernbeiträge dieser Arbeit sind (1) eine Literaturrecherche über kollektive Intelligenz, Crowdsourcing und verwandte Gebiete, (2) ein Modell eines generischen Marktes zur effizienten Sammlung von Daten für empirische Forschung, (3) zwei auf diesem Modell basierende Anwendungen und Ergebnisse deren Evaluation, (4) die Spiel-ähnliche E-Learning-Anwendung Termina zusammen mit Einblicken aus dessen Evaluation und (5) eine generische Softwarearchitektur für alle vorgenannten Anwendungen.
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Beavert, Virginia, and Virginia Beavert. "Wántwint Inmí Tiináwit: A Reflection of What I Have Learned." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12542.
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I do two things in my dissertation. One is to tell the history of academic research on my language from the perspective of a Native person who has been involved in this work as an assistant to non-Native researchers. The other is to explain more about my culture and language and how it works from the perspective of a Yakima person who has spoken and used the language her whole life.
My most important task in this dissertation is to explain at more length some of the most basic vocabulary about our ancient culture and way of life. I do this by writing about different important parts of traditional life - life circles, sweathouse, ceremonies, horses, and foods - and explaining the words we use to talk about these and how those words explain the deeper meaning of what we do.
I write this dissertation for the Ichishkíin speaking communities in hope that by documenting our lost traditions they will have a resource from which to learn our ancestors' ways and language. Detailing the traditional practices offers a much needed historical and social accounting of each. I include various dialects and practices shared by other Ichishkíin speaking communities. I incorporate texts, songs, descriptions of dances, and practices in Ichishkíin.
This dissertation contributes also to the fields of sociolinguistics and theoretical linguistics, as well as historical and cultural anthropology. Despite the best efforts of some anthropologists and linguists, all the work done on Yakima Ichishkíin is by researchers from outside the community and is inevitably seen and presented through the lens of the English language, Euro-American culture, and the Western tradition of "objective" scholarship. I am in a unique position to present the research on my language as a contribution to academic scholarship but from a very different perspective, that of a Native speaker and scholar. Implicit in my view of scholarship is the way researchers should work with Native people; therefore, I address how linguists can better work with community members. I discuss the protocols and etiquette expected by Native people in working with non-Natives.
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Sey, Famata. "Na Nga Def, Sumole or How are You? : A Field Study Regarding Language of Instruction in the Gambia." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11087.
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A field study was conducted in order to enquire which languages the teachers and the students were using, both during lessons and on breaks, and if and how several languages were used to instruct. Since colonialism, the Gambia has experienced many European influences, which has led to English as the official language and also the language of instruction. This means that the teachers have to teach in a language which is not their own, nor their students’ native language. The phenomenon is called submersion, which has been proved to be a less successive practice. Hence, the government of today is struggling against many obstacles in order to meet the Education for All-policy, and ensure high quality education in the Gambia. However, the low achievements among the students, should not be considered solely an effect of the language of instruction, but also the methods used for teaching.
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Jahic, Jasmina. "Saving Lives More Efficiently: A First Step in Designing a Visual Language : Creating and evaluating a visual language aimed at the medical field." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139317.
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The aim of this study is to create and evaluate a grammar for a visual language, which is to be used in the medical domain. The grammar was created with gestalt laws in mind. The grammar must also fit, in part, with the ontology of the clinical terminology SNOMED CT. Evaluation was conducted with think aloud tests and with complementary semi-structured interviews. The participants overall believed that a complementary visual language for patient journals would be useful, and the majority understood the logic behind the grammar. Most complaints were about some of the pictograms in the icons of the grammar, which were unclear, and some requested a clear time axis to be included. Another suggestionwas to add pop-up boxes with more detailed information. This is only the first step in a big project and there is potential for many improvements - future development of this visual language should be done in iterations by teams of complementing competencies.
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Kneißl, Fabian [Verfasser], and François [Akademischer Betreuer] Bry. "Crowdsourcing for linguistic field research and e-learning / Fabian Kneißl. Betreuer: François Bry." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050647947/34.
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Wegiel, Chuan. "Les emplois appellatifs de Mademoiselle et son paradigme énonciatif en français contemporain." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1042/document.
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En tant que forme de civilité réservée aux femmes célibataires , l’emploi de mademoiselle est considéré comme relevant d’un usage éminemment sexiste selon certains, flatteur selon d’autres. Devant la question « madame ou mademoiselle ? », il arrive de plus en plus que les locuteurs français contemporains adoptent un comportement d'évitement et privilégient « l'appellatif zéro » Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2005), ou choisissent d’utiliser d'autres formes telles que fille, jeune fille, nana, meuf, voire le mot emprunté miss, pour remplacer mademoiselle. Dans la présente recherche, à l’appui des données relevant de diverses situations de communication à Lyon en 2014 suscitées et présentées dans un questionnaire inédit, nous étudions les emplois contemporains de mademoiselle et de ses substituts énonciatifs, afin de comprendre dans quels genres de situation l'emploi de mademoiselle peut susciter des polémiques. S'agit-il d'emplois inappropriés dans des contextes donnés, ou de malentendus sur la sémantique du terme entre les actants de communication ? En ce qui concerne ses substituts énonciatifs, comment se distinguent-ils de mademoiselle aux niveaux sémantique, morphosyntaxique ainsi que pragmatique ? Les analyses nous conduisent à confirmer la représentativité sociale des termes d’adresse en tant qu’ils sont révélateurs des liens sociaux, le choix des termes restant contraint par la situation dans laquelle l'interaction se déroule<br>As a title of civility reserved for the single women, the use of miss is considered as being a matter of an eminently sexist use according to some, flattering according to others. In front of the question “madam or miss?”, it happens more and more that the contemporary French speakers adopt an avoidance behavior and favor “zero term of address” Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2005), or choose to use other forms such as fille, jeune fille, nana, meuf, even miss, the word borrowed from English, in order to replace mademoiselle. In the present research, in support of the data collecting from diverse communication situations in Lyon in 2014 which were aroused and presented in an unpublished questionnaire, we study the contemporary uses of miss and its enunciative substitutes, in order to understand in which kind of situation the use of miss can arouse debates. Is it about inappropriate uses in given contexts, or about misunderstandings on semantics of the term between the participants of communication. As regards its enunciative substitutes, how do they distinguish themselves from miss at the semantic, morphosyntactic levels as well as pragmatic? Analyses lead us to confirm the social representativeness of the terms of address as they are revealing social links, the choice of the terms keeping forced by the situation in which the interaction takes place
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Šilinska, Lilija. "Nazwy żeńskie w języku polskim a litewskim – tradycja, norma i najnowsze tendencje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140724_100455-82960.
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Niniejsza praca magisterska jest poświęcona zagadnieniu płci w języku i kulturze, które zostanie ukazane z perspektywy dwu sąsiednich kultur – polskiej i litewskiej. Celem pracy jest ukazanie językowych sposobów wyrażania płci żeńskiej na płaszczyźnie leksykalnej i słowotwórczej w języku polskim i litewskim. Norma oraz zwyczaj językowy w zakresie nazw żeńskich odtworzone zostały w tej pracy na podstawie opracowań normatywistycznych oraz licznych, zwłaszcza w języku polskim, prac językoznawczych. Najnowsze tendencje natomiast zostały zilustrowane przykładami pochodzącymi ze współczesnych tekstów prasowych.
Materiał do analizy językowej uzyskano metodą słownikową oraz metodą ekscerpcji wybiórczej. Bazą źródłową posłużyły dane językowe zawarte w słownikach oraz teksty z periodyków polskich „Polityka” i „Viva!” oraz litewskich „Veidas” i „Žmonės” z lat 2000-2014.
Praca składa się z czterech rozdziałów. W rozdziale teoretycznym zostały omówione najważniejsze założenia teorii kognitywistycznej, pojęcie językowego obrazu świata oraz problematyka mieszcząca się w zakresie lingwistyki płci (gender linquistics). W drugim rozdziale rekonstruuje się wizerunek kobiety w języku polskim i litewskim na podstawie znaczenia i nacechowania emocjonalnego leksemów należących do pól leksykalnych kobieta i moteris. Kolejny rozdział jest poświęcony analizie żeńskich odpowiedników nazw męskich w kilku grupach znaczeniowych (tytuły naukowe, tytuły służbowe, nazwy zawodów i nazwy charakteryzujące)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Šis magistro darbas yra skirtas aptarti lyčių klausimą kalboje ir kultūroje, kuris bus parodytas iš dviejų kaimyninių kultūrų perspektyvos - lenkų ir lietuvių. Darbo tikslas yra parodyti kalbinius moteriškosios lyties išraiškos būdus, atsižvelgiant į lenkų ir lietuvių kalbų leksiką ir žodžių darybą. Normos ir kalbos tradicijos susijusios su moteriškais vardais šiame darbe buvo atkurtos remiantis normatyviniais leidiniais ir lenkų kalbos lingvistiniais darbais. Tačiau naujausios tendencijos iliustruojamos pavyzdžiais iš šiuolaikinės spaudos tekstų.
Medžiaga skirta kalbų analizei buvo gauta naudojant žodynų ir selektyvų ištraukų metodą. Remiausi lingvistiniais duomenimis, esančiais žodynuose, o taip pat tekstais iš 2000-2014 m. lenkiškų periodinių žurnalų "Polityka" ir "Viva!" ir lietuviškų "Veidas" ir "Žmonės".
Darbą sudaro keturi skyriai. Teoriniame skyriuje buvo aptartos svarbiausios kognityvinės teorijos, kalbos pasaulėvaizdžio sąvoka, o taip pat problematika susijusi su lyties lingvistikos (gender linguistics) koncepciją. Antrajame skyriuje yra rekonstruojamas moters įvaizdis lenkų ir lietuvių kalbose remiantis stilistinių sinonimų, priklausančių semantiniams laukams kobieta ir moteris, analize. Kitame skyriuje nagrinėjami moteriškosios giminės atitikmenys, pateikti keliose semantinėse grupėse (mokslo laipsnių, pareigybių, profesijų pavadinimai ir apibūdinantieji pavadinimai). Jame aptariami jų darybos būdai, išvardintos priežastys, dėl kurių yra blokuojama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>This master's degree work (Women`s names in Polish and Lithuanian languages is tradicion, norm and newest tendencies) is dedicated to the question of sex in a language and culture, that will be shown from the perspective of two nearby cultures - Polish and Lithuanian. The aim of the work is to show linguistic methods of expression of women`s sex on a lexical and word-formation base in Polish and Lithuanian languages. A standart as well as language customs in the sphere of the women`s names were investigated on the basical searching of normative and also personal investigations especially in Polish linguistic works. The newest tendencies towards this work were illustrated by examples from modern media ( texts).
All material of the language analysis was managed to get by using lexicographic dictionaries and also using a method of selection texts in different Polish and Lithuanian magazines and newspapers. All this material was written with the help of language dictionaries and original sources of "Politician" and "Viva!”, and using also Lithuanian "Veidas" and "Žmonės" magazines from 2000-2014.
The work consists of four sections. The major grounds of theory of cognitivist were discussed in a theoretical part as well as the concept of language understanding of the world also range of problems, that are contained in the sphere of sex linguistics (gender of linquistics).
In the second section the image of women is reconstructed in the Polish and Lithuanian languages on the basis... [to full text]
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Salö, Linus. "Languages and Linguistic Exchanges in Swedish Academia : Practices, Processes, and Globalizing Markets." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för svenska och flerspråkighet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127179.
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Based on four separate studies, this thesis deals with Swedish academia and its dwellers, with an eye toward accounting for matters of languages and linguistic exchanges. The perspectives and thinking-tools of Pierre Bourdieu form the basis of the main leitmotif, albeit extended with insights from linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. Methods employed include historical analysis as well as ethnographic approaches. Study 1 analyzes the historical events and language ideological labor through which English has come to be seen as a sociolinguistic problem in Swedish language planning and policy (LPP). At the focus is the notion of ‘domain loss,’ which is interpreted as a resource in the struggle to safeguard the Swedish language. Study 2 deals with the increasing importance of English in academic publishing in two disciplinary fields of Swedish academia: history and psychology. In history, in particular, English and the transnational publishing markets it bargains currently seem to offer new ways of advancing in the competition of the field, which is encouraged by the will and ensuing managerial techniques of contemporary research policy. Study 3, however, shows that this fact does not entail that Swedish is not being used as a scientific language. In the research practices preceding finalized texts in English, Swedish-speaking researchers in physics and computer science use technical and discipline-specific Swedish both orally and in writing. The principle that upholds the logic of ‘Swedish among Swedish-speakers’ is crucial also with respect to the ability of Swedish researchers to write up scientific texts in Swedish. Exploring the writing practices of a computer scientist and his successful first-time performance of two scientific texts in Swedish, study 4 shows that texts in Swedish can be produced by assembling experiences from previous discursive encounters throughout a researcher’s biographically specific discursive history. In summary, the thesis argues that while English increasingly prevails in publishing, much knowledge previously produced and reproduced on these matters within the field of LPP has tended to overstate the dominance of English, and with that, the sociolinguistic implications of the current state of affairs. The thesis proposes that Bourdieu’s work offers some purchase in attempts to engender in-depth knowledge on the position of English vis-à-vis Swedish in the globalizing markets of Swedish academia, and that epistemic reflexivity, in particular, is a pivotal driver in such an agenda.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p>
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Santos, Simone Carvalho do Prado dos. "AQUI ELES SÃO MUITO DESCONFIADOS” LETRAMENTOS, IDENTIDADES E EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2013. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/443.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-01<br>This study aims to discuss the teaching of Portuguese in a school in the Field education context, the school is situated in a rural settlement linked to the Landless Movement in Paraná – Brazil, and the discussion is proposed from the local identities (HALL, 2003; BAUMAN, 2005; SILVA, 2000; MOITA LOPES, 2003) and their reflexes on the literacy (STREET, 1995; KLEIMAN, 2005, 2007; SOARES,2011; ROJO, 2009; BUNZEN, 2010) practices developed in the classroom under study. The teacher‟s perceptions (TELLES, 2009; FERREIRA, 2006, 2009; LIBERALI e MAGALHÃES, 2009; KLEIMAN e MARTINS, 2007; CELANI, 2009, GIL, 2005) and understanding about the environment where she works establishes some closeness or distance from the objectives planned for the subject, therefore, the reflection and the knowledge about the field social reality along with the critical literacy practice might produce better results, both in relation to the subject Portuguese and to the construction of positive identities inside this literacy agency: school. The urban-centric culture reflected on the school literacy practices, legitimated all the time both by the teacher‟s posture and the school material approach tends to marginalize the field culture and its representatives, interfering on the foreseen appropriation of knowledge, promoting some distance, which is possible to see through the results such as the SAEB – Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (Basic Education Evaluation System in Brazil), which places the field population in great disadvantage in relation to the city population. The field research was carried out in a Field School opened in 2011 inside a rural settlement, linked to the Landless Movement, in Paraná State. Since it is a school at the beginning of its activities, it was possible to verify the staff efforts to initiate some reflection on the particularities of this education environment. The participants of the study are students in the 9th year – eleven students -, the teacher of Portuguese, the principal and the coordinator of the school. This is qualitative research developing an ethnographic case study. The results point out a great effort of the groups involved in the creation of official documents, such as the Field Education Guidelines/PR, among others, however, the effects of these discussions remain still limited while pointing to a more critical vision: this is a transition moment. The literacy practices observed tend to reproduce the school material and disregard the field environment and its particularities. As a contribution to the group involved in the research, a didactic sequence was developed together with the teacher of Portuguese and the school principal which approaches local themes in a conflicting and critical way.<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o ensino de língua portuguesa em uma escola do campo, situada em assentamento rural ligado ao MST – Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra-, no Estado do Paraná, a partir das identidades (HALL, 2003; BAUMAN, 2005; SILVA, 2000; MOITA LOPES, 2003) locais e seus reflexos nas práticas de letramento (STREET, 1995; KLEIMAN, 2005, 2007; SOARES,2011; ROJO, 2009; BUNZEN, 2010, JUNG, 2009) desenvolvidas na sala de aula pesquisada. As percepções e compreensões da professora sobre o ambiente no qual atua estabelece uma aproximação ou afastamento dos objetivos traçados para a disciplina, portanto, a reflexão e o conhecimento acerca da realidade social do campo, aliada à prática crítica de letramento, podem trazer melhores resultados, tanto em relação à disciplina de língua portuguesa quanto em relação à construção de identidades participativas dentro dessa agência de letramento: a escola. A cultura urbanocêntrica refletida nas práticas escolares de letramento, legitimada a cada momento tanto pela postura do professor (TELLES, 2009; FERREIRA, 2006, 2009; LIBERALI e MAGALHÃES, 2009; KLEIMAN e MARTINS, 2007; CELANI, 2009, GIL, 2005) quanto pela abordagem do material didático (CORACINI, 2011, GRIGOLETTO, 2011; CARMAGNANI, 2011), tende a colocar como marginal a cultura camponesa e seus representantes, interferindo na apropriação dos conhecimentos previstos, promovendo um afastamento possível de se verificar por meio de resultados como, por exemplo, os do SAEB – Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica-, que coloca a população do campo em grande desvantagem em relação à urbana. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em uma Escola do Campo, aberta em 2011 dentro de um assentamento rural ligado ao MST. Por se tratar de uma escola em início de atividades, foi possível verificar os esforços da equipe em instaurar uma reflexão sobre as particularidades desse ambiente escolar. Os participantes da pesquisa são alunos do 9º ano – onze alunos -, a professora de Língua Portuguesa, a direção e a coordenação da escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, um estudo de caso etnográfico. Os resultados apontam um grande esforço dos grupos envolvidos na elaboração de documentos oficiais, como as Diretrizes para a Educação do Campo/PR, entre outros, porém o alcance dessas discussões ainda parece ser limitado. As práticas de letramento observadas tendem à reprodução do material didático e à desconsideração do ambiente do campo e suas particularidades, ao mesmo tempo em que apontam para uma postura mais crítica: trata-se de um momento de transição. Como contribuição ao local pesquisado, foi desenvolvida e discutida com a professora de Língua Portuguesa e a direção da escola uma sequência didática que aborda temas locais de modo conflituoso e crítico.
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Masood, Munazzah [Verfasser], Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulz, Hans-Georg [Gutachter] Ebert, and Eckehard [Gutachter] Schulz. "Arabic in Pakistan : problems and solutions in the field of teaching and testing / Munazzah Masood ; Gutachter: Hans-Georg Ebert, Eckehard Schulz ; Akademischer Betreuer: Eckehard Schulz." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1240316119/34.
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Sperlich, Wolfgang B. 1948. "Namakir: a description of a central Vanuatu language." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2314.
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This is a description of the phonology, morphology and syntax of Namakir, a language of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian, which is spoken on some six small islands of the Shepherd Islands, central Vanuatu. My perspective on Namakir is that of a person trained in linguistics, who carried out linguistic fieldwork for the purpose of grammatical description. In addition I contributed to ethnographic work as well as compiling data for a dictionary, part of which is appended to the present description. Namakir is a conservative language which retains many features that make Oceanic languages unique. Thus it is a valuable witness for comparative and reconstructive work in Oceanic linguistics. The physical, social and historical setting of Namakir is detailed in the introductory chapter. A section on theoretical issues concerning the descriptive enterprise is included. The chapter on phonology outlines the Namakir consonant and vowel inventories, with due emphasis on the glottal stop which, as a reflex of the Proto-Oceanic glottal stop, is a unique occurence in Vanuatu languages Sections on phonotactics, stress and phonological processes add to the basic description of segments. In the chapter on morphophonemics the dynamics of derivational processes are explored. A major section deals with consonant alternation, a phenomenon widely discussed in Oceanic Linguistics. The major form classes are detailed in the next chapter. Nominals, determiners, adjectives, verbs and adverbs are established as word categories and paradigm tables are provided for comprehensive overviews. The last chapter on Namakir syntax provides a systematic description of noun phrase and verb phrase. Possessive constructions receive special attention as they exhibit a number of unusual features. The verb phrase is discussed within the framework of the Oceanic definition of verb and periphery which include subject markers as well as pronominal objects. The Namakir mood and aspectual system is presented in detail. A major section deals with serial verb constructions in relation to current descriptive theories. The concluding sections discuss selected items regarding complex sentence structures. Negation and question sentences, existential and comparative sentence types are included. Coordination together with direct and indirect speech is noted to use forms of a quotative verb, being especially significant in the organisation of narrative sequences. Relative and temporal clauses share a single overt marker. A morpheme-to-morpheme glossed narrative is appended to demonstrate narrative style. A substantial Namakir-English-Bislama wordlist is added as a repository of data collected during fieldwork.
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Richards, Jessica Smith. "Terminological Mediation in Information Technology and Related Fields." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5572.
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Terminological dissonance is created by the inherent ambiguity of natural language and compounded by ontological specialization efforts within fields. Terminological dissonance creates high-risk miscommunications in two key areas: within Information Technology as a singular domain, and also between IT and other fields in interdisciplinary projects. A comprehensive literature review revealed a lack of previous effort to acknowledge or solve problems of terminological dissonance within Information Technology. This research provides a comprehensive overview and definition of the terminology mediation space as it relates to Information Technology and adjacent fields. An analysis and verification of the contents and implementation of the terminology mediation tool Termediator has also been created as part of this research. The Termediator tool's conceptual model is further validated through the analysis of its synonymous and polysemous clustering methods and results.
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Jeronimo, Gabriela Guimarães. "As grimpas lexicais e seus diamantes linguísticos: o vocabulário do garimpo de diamantes no município de Três Ranchos-Goiás (1944-1981)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3451.
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Previous issue date: 2014-01-20<br>This study investigated the lexicon used in mining, having as research field the city of Três
Ranchos – Goiás, where the activity had its peak between 1944 and 1981. Regarding the
subjects of our research, thirteen people where interviewed, from which ten are former
miners, one a miner‘s wife, a provider and a dweller who lived directly with miners in their
childhood, all of them aging about sixty-eight years old, except the latter, who is forty-eight.
The choice for the mining vocabulary comes from the fact that the mining practice served as a
great contribution for the process of formation of the city early in the twentieth century,
because the miners were concentrated nearby Parnaíba River that crossed the city.
Handcrafted mining is the activity from which most of the dwellers used to take their
livelihood, which resulted in the settlement of the town, mainly after the intersection of the
railroad, because after it the miners came even from the states of Mato Grosso and Bahia.
Regarding the corpus, it was constituted through the lexical items which selection was
performed from the transcribed interviews and that, after the consultation in dictionaries, like
Houaiss and Villar (2009), Bluteau (1712-1728), Carvalo (1916) and Nascentes (1966), we
made sure of the specificity of the vocabulary. At last, we made the analysis of these items
based on the discussion about the relation between lexicon and culture, as well as those which
regard the aspects concerning the motivation of the linguistic sign. Regarding the analysis
method and the semantic description of the lexical units we used the theory of the lexical
fields developed by Eugenio Coseriu (1977) and Horst Geckeler (1976). Thus, we believe that
we contributed both for the studies carried in the Lexicology area, and for the historiography
of the mentioned city.<br>Este estudo investigou o léxico utilizado no garimpo tendo como campo de pesquisa o
município de Três Ranchos-Goiás onde a atividade teve seu auge no período de 1944 a 1981.
No que se refere aos sujeitos de nossa pesquisa, foram entrevistadas treze pessoas, sendo dez
ex-garimpeiros, uma esposa de garimpeiro, um fornecedor e um morador que conviveu
diretamente com garimpeiros em sua infância, todos numa faixa de sessenta a oitenta anos de
idade, exceto este último, que possui quarenta e oito anos. A escolha pelo vocabulário dos
garimpeiros advém do fato de que a prática do garimpo serviu de grande contribuição para o
processo de formação do referido município no início do século XX, pois os garimpos
ficavam concentrados nas proximidades do rio Paranaíba que perpassava a cidade. A
garimpagem artesanal é a atividade de onde a maioria dos moradores tirava o seu sustento, o
que resultou no povoamento da cidade, principalmente após o entroncamento da estrada de
ferro, pois através dela vieram garimpeiros até da região do Mato Grosso e Bahia. Quanto ao
corpus, este foi constituído através dos itens lexicais cuja seleção foi realizada a partir das
entrevistas transcritas e que, após a consulta em dicionários, como Houaiss e Villar (2009),
Bluteau (1712-1728), Carvalho; Deus (1916) e Nascentes (1966), nos certificamos da
especificidade do vocabulário. Por fim, fizemos a análise destes itens baseando-nos na
discussão sobre a relação entre léxico e cultura, como também aquelas que dizem sobre os
aspectos concernentes à motivação do signo linguístico. No que diz respeito ao método de
análise e à descrição semântica das unidades léxicas nos servimos da teoria dos campos
lexicais desenvolvida por Eugenio Coseriu (1977) e Horst Geckeler (1976). Desta forma,
acreditamos que contribuímos tanto para os estudos realizados na área da Lexicologia, quanto
para a historiografia do município supracitado.
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Ramos, Rosilândia Flávia de Lima. "Educação para a cidadania: o papel da leitura na formação da competência linguístico-discursiva dos educadores do campo." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8695.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-25<br>The main objective of this research is to analyze the conception of reading the field educator. The specific objectives seek to investigate the course of the contributions to a educational formation in accordance with the specifics of the field and check the reading activities, held in the Portuguese language discipline, developed in a dialogical perspective. The theoretical methodological axis is a qualitative character and interpretative. In undertaking such a positioning, we assume that man is not a passive being, but interprets the world consecutively. The research instrument was a questionnaire applied at the end of the course. This questionnaire consists of twenty-four questions, divided into two parts. It was applied to twenty-three students. We do analysis of issues relevant to research and grouped the answers according to the categories analyzed: educational formation and design of reading. The theoretical foundation based on Bakhtin and the circle (2003, 2006); Almeida (2004, 2013); Freire (1980 1987 1996)Silva (1987); Batista (1991); Arroyo (1999); Caldart (2004).The supported theoretical approach Bakhtin that conceives language as a place of interaction between subjects, resulting in more comprehensive and meaningful practice the act of reading, on special terms in that reading involves elements of the socio-historical context and ideological of individuals. Verified that the teaching of reading may not be performed outside the dialogical context, because we believe that This perspective provides students the critical and reflective postures field.<br>Esta pesquisa versa sobre a concepção de leitura de educadores e educadoras do campo, do curso Magistério, em nível médio, promovido pelo Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária – PRONERA. O eixo teórico-metodológico é de caráter qualitativo e interpretativo. Tal posicionamento, ao ser assumido, pressupõe que o homem não é um ser passivo, mas interpreta o mundo consecutivamente. O instrumento de pesquisa foi um questionário aplicado no final do curso. Este questionário consta de vinte e quatro questões, divididas em duas partes. Foi aplicado a vinte e três alunos. Foram feitas análises das questões pertinentes à pesquisa e agrupamos as respostas de acordo com as categorias analisadas: formação docente e concepção de leitura. A fundamentação teórica baseou-se em Bakhtin e o Círculo (2003, 2006); Almeida (2004, 2013); Freire (1980, 1987 1996), Silva (1987); Batista (1991); Arroyo (1999); Caldart (2004). A abordagem teórica respaldada em Bakhtin que concebe a linguagem como lugar da interação entre os sujeitos, o que resulta em práticas mais abrangentes e significativas do ato de ler, em condições especiais, em que a leitura envolve elementos do contexto sócio-histórico e ideológico dos indivíduos. Constata-se que o ensino de leitura não pode se realizar fora do contexto dialógico, pois esta perspectiva proporciona aos educandos do campo posturas críticas e reflexivas. Não interessa, em tal abordagem, somente o reconhecimento da forma linguística, mas a construção de sentido entre autor, texto e leitor.
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Junior, Paulo Frederico Homero. "Reconstitution of the field of accounting regulation in Brazil during the adoption of the IFRS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-03042018-163010/.
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In 2010, Brazil completed the convergence towards the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). As the politics of this process has been little explored, the objective of this thesis is to investigate how the field of accounting regulation was reconstituted during the convergence. Relying on the Bourdieusian concepts of field, capital and habitus, the analysis of accounting regulation in Brazil is split into two phases: firstly, the field as of the early-2000s is mapped through a literature review that identifies its main institutional agents. From the early-2000s on, when the discussions about the creation of a private standard-setter began, the linguistic habitus associated to the field is mapped through discursive analyses of several archival data, including parliamentary proceedings and documents issued by institutional agents that operate in the field. This investigation indicates that the constitution of the field was driven by a relationship of accommodation between the State and the accountancy profession. During the 1970s, an interpretative community linked to the capital markets was consolidated, including financial sector regulators and segments of the professional and academic fields, that issued and disseminated Anglo-American inspired accounting standards framed by a decision-usefulness approach. In opposition, during the 1980s the Federal Council of Accounting (Conselho Federal de Contabilidade - CFC) started to dispute the primacy within the field, issuing accounting standards framed by a discourse of scientificity that preserved the Continental-European influence on Brazilian accounting. From the early-2000s on, the efforts to approve the legislative reforms necessary for the adoption of the IFRS were characterised by a high level of discursive homogeneity: it was claimed that such an adoption would enhance the transparency, comprehensibility, comparability and reliability of the financial reports of Brazilian firms, attracting foreign investments and promoting the economic development of the country. However, none of these claims was supported by substantive empirical evidences. Initially, the CFC opposed the creation of a private standard-setter, claiming that it would undermine the self-regulation of the accountancy profession. In October 2005, though, the CFC itself created the Committee of Accounting Pronouncements (Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis - CPC), apparently solving the conflict that had structured the field until then. The influence of taxation on Brazilian accounting practices played a pivotal role in this process, as a common adversary that justified the alliance between the CFC and the capital market pole. As the CPC frames itself as only a translator and interpreter of the IFRS, the field as a whole is not a space of power anymore, given that substantive decisions in the standard-setting process are not made in Brazil. Nevertheless, some regulators still challenge CPC\'s hegemony, requiring firms under their jurisdictions to prepare and disclose alternative sets of accounts. Contributing for a deeper understanding about the role of local agents in the adoption of the IFRS, this thesis suggests that in Brazil this process was conducted by an interpretative community constituted some decades ago, whose agents exchanged the symbolic capital they previously possessed for the economic capital they earned through the expansion of the market for accounting services.<br>Em 2010, o Brasil completou a convergência para as Normas Internacionais de Relatório Financeiro (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS). Como a política deste processo tem sido pouco explorada, o objetivo desta tese é investigar como o campo da regulação contábil foi reconstituído durante a convergência. Baseando-se nos conceitos bourdieusianos de campo, capital e habitus, a análise da regulação contábil no Brasil é dividida em duas fases: primeiramente, o campo no início dos anos 2000 é mapeado através de revisão de literatura que identifica seus principais agentes institucionais. A partir do início dos anos 2000, quando as discussões sobre a criação de normatizador privado começaram, o habitus linguístico associado ao campo é mapeado através de análises discursivas de vários dados de arquivo, incluindo arquivos parlamentares e documentos emitidos por agentes institucionais que operam no campo. Essa investigação indica que a constituição do campo foi conduzida por uma relação de acomodação entre o Estado e a profissão contábil. Durante a década de 1970, consolidou-se uma comunidade interpretativa ligada aos mercados de capitais, incluindo reguladores do setor financeiro e segmentos dos campos profissional e acadêmico, que emitia e divulgava padrões contábeis de inspiração anglo-americana, moldados por uma abordagem de utilidade para decisão. Em oposição, durante a década de 1980 o Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC) começou a disputar a primazia no campo, emitindo padrões contábeis moldados por um discurso de cientificidade que preservava a influência europeia continental na contabilidade brasileira. A partir do início dos anos 2000, os esforços para aprovar as reformas legislativas necessárias para a adoção das IFRS caracterizaram-se por alto nível de homogeneidade discursiva: Alegava-se que tal adoção aumentaria a transparência, compreensibilidade, comparabilidade e confiabilidade dos relatórios financeiros das empresas brasileiras, atraindo investimentos estrangeiros e promovendo o desenvolvimento econômico do país. No entanto, nenhuma dessas alegações era apoiada por evidências empíricas substantivas. Inicialmente, o CFC se opôs à criação de um normatizador privado, alegando que isso debilitaria a autorregulação da profissão contábil. Em outubro de 2005, porém, o próprio CFC criou o Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), aparentemente resolvendo o conflito que havia estruturado o campo até então. A influência da tributação nas práticas contábeis brasileiras desempenhou papel central nesse processo, como um adversário comum que justificou a aliança entre o CFC e o polo do mercado de capitais. Como o CPC enquadra a si próprio apenas como tradutor e intérprete das IFRS, o campo como um todo não é mais um espaço de poder, dado que decisões substantivas no processo de normatização não são tomadas no Brasil. No entanto, alguns reguladores ainda desafiam a hegemonia do CPC, exigindo que as empresas sob suas jurisdições preparem e divulguem demonstrativos contábeis alternativos. Contribuindo para uma compreensão mais profunda sobre o papel de agentes locais na adoção das IFRS, esta tese sugere que no Brasil esse processo foi conduzido por uma comunidade interpretativa constituída há algumas décadas, cujos agentes trocaram o capital simbólico que possuíam anteriormente pelo capital econômico que obtiveram através da expansão do mercado de serviços contábeis.
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Okabe, Shu. "Modèles faiblement supervisés pour la documentation automatique des langues." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG091.
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Face à la menace d'extinction de la moitié des langues parlées aujourd'hui d'ici la fin du siècle, la documentation des langues est un domaine de la linguistique notamment consacré à la collecte, annotation et archivage de données. Dans ce contexte, la documentation automatique des langues vise à outiller les linguistes pour faciliter différentes étapes de la documentation, à travers des approches de traitement automatique du langage.Dans le cadre du projet de documentation automatique CLD2025, cette thèse s'intéresse principalement à deux tâches : la segmentation en mots, identifiant les frontières des mots dans une transcription non segmentée d'une phrase enregistrée, ainsi que la génération de gloses interlinéaires, prédisant des annotations linguistiques pour chaque unité de la phrase. Pour la première, nous améliorons les performances des modèles bayésiens non paramétriques utilisés jusque là à travers une supervision faible, en nous appuyant sur des ressources disponibles de manière réaliste lors de la documentation, comme des phrases déjà segmentées ou des lexiques. Comme nous observons toujours une tendance de sur-segmentation dans nos modèles, nous introduisons un second niveau de segmentation : les morphèmes. Nos expériences avec divers types de modèles de segmentation à deux niveaux indiquent une qualité de segmentation sensiblement meilleure ; nous constatons, par ailleurs, les limites des approches uniquement statistiques pour différencier les mots des morphèmes.La seconde tâche concerne la génération de gloses, soit grammaticales, soit lexicales. Comme ces dernières ne peuvent pas être prédites en se basant seulement sur les données d'entraînement, notre modèle statistique d'étiquetage de séquences fait moduler, pour chaque phrase, les étiquettes possibles et propose une approche compétitive avec les modèles neuronaux les plus récents<br>In the wake of the threat of extinction of half of the languages spoken today by the end of the century, language documentation is a field of linguistics notably dedicated to the recording, annotation, and archiving of data. In this context, computational language documentation aims to devise tools for linguists to ease several documentation steps through natural language processing approaches.As part of the CLD2025 computational language documentation project, this thesis focuses mainly on two tasks: word segmentation to identify word boundaries in an unsegmented transcription of a recorded sentence and automatic interlinear glossing to predict linguistic annotations for each sentence unit.For the first task, we improve the performance of the Bayesian non-parametric models used until now through weak supervision. For this purpose, we leverage realistically available resources during documentation, such as already-segmented sentences or dictionaries. Since we still observe an over-segmenting tendency in our models, we introduce a second segmentation level: the morphemes. Our experiments with various types of two-level segmentation models indicate a slight improvement in the segmentation quality. However, we also face limitations in differentiating words from morphemes, using statistical cues only. The second task concerns the generation of either grammatical or lexical glosses. As the latter cannot be predicted using training data solely, our statistical sequence-labelling model adapts the set of possible labels for each sentence and provides a competitive alternative to the most recent neural models
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Blanco, Ariel Matías. "O campo glotopolítico do espanhol: norma linguística e autoridade normativa." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3514.
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O CAMPO GLOTOPOLÍTICO DO ESPANHOL. TESE.pdf: 1672539 bytes, checksum: cfeea166623bf032c87978dbca0e034c (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>O conceito de norma suscita interesse entre os especialistas das disciplinas
linguísticas. Na tentativa de descrever a natureza objetiva dos fatos linguísticos, a
atitude prescritiva foi sistematicamente rejeitada pela ciência moderna. No entanto,
tendo em conta que inclusive a descrição científica mais estritamente constatativa
sempre corre o risco de funcionar como uma prescrição, as análises dos efeitos
materiais da objetivação devem ser consideradas. A presente tese examina as relações
conflitivas em torno das definições de norma e de autoridade normativa no contexto da
língua espanhola. Nesse sentido, é apresentado um esboço do espaço teórico de
posições elaborado a partir do recenseamento das propriedades de produtores de
conhecimento linguístico. Com base numa perspectiva glotopolítica (GUESPIN;
MARCELLESI, 1986; DEL VALLE, 2007, 2014; ARNOUX, 2000, 2008) e relacional
(BOURDIEU, 1996 [1982], 2010 [1989], 2008 [1972]) é desenvolvida a noção de campo
glotopolítico para designar o lugar de concorrência entre agentes interessados na
definição legítima de norma linguística. Dentre os resultados da análise destacam-se:
(a) a posição predominante da Real Academia Espanhola no campo de produção
normativa; (b) o trabalho coletivo (investimentos, estratégias, práticas) destinado a
validar os critérios que fundamentam o valor da produção; e (c) a distribuição desigual
de capital de autoridade entre os agentes glotopolíticos<br>The concept of norm arouses interest between linguistic discipline specialists. In
attempting to describe the objective nature of linguistic facts, the prescriptive attitude
has been systematically rejected by modern science. However, taking into account that
even the most strictly proven scientific description runs the risk of functioning as a
prescription, the analysis of the material effects of the objectivization must be
considered. This thesis examines the conflicting relationships surrounding the
definitions of norm and normative authority in the context of the Spanish language.
Thus, is presented a draft of the theoretical space of positions elaborated from the
census of the properties of producers of linguistic knowledge. With a base in a
glotopolitical perspective (GUESPIN; MARCELLESI, 1986; DEL VALLE, 2007, 2014;
ARNOUX, 2000, 2008) and a relational one (BOURDIEU, 1996 [1982], 2010 [1989],
2008 [1972]), the notion of glotopolitical field is developed to designate the concurrent
place between agents interested in the legitimate definition of linguistic norm. The
following is highlighted within the results of the analysis: (a) the predominant position of
the Real Spanish Academy in the field of normative production; (b) the collective work
(investments, strategies, practices) destined to validate the criteria that substantiate the
value of production; and (c) the unequal distribution of capital of authority between
glotopolitical agents
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Eliassim, Cristiano Curtis. "Léxico relativo às profissões de tropeiros e condutores de gado em Tropas e Boiadas de Hugo de Carvalho Ramos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3817.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-09<br>The use of language permeates the relationship between human beings and with the world
around them, especially in the forms of naming objects, actions, feelings, sensations. Thus, it is
possible to observe and analyze words and phrases that a person or group uses in its different
activities. The economic, social and cultural issues of a people manifest themselves through the
lexicon. When reading the work Tropas e Boiadas was possible to come across regarding the
bushman work lexis with the troops and with the herds, enabling a lexical analysis of this
corpus. Thus, the study of lexicon concerning professional activities on the work of Hugo de
Carvalho Ramos that allows you to analyze how these words and expressions are manifested,
at a particular time and space, making part of the language of this people and as a way of
building their identity. A study that aims to analyze the language should consider the social and
cultural contexts in which it occurs are basic elements and, often, determinants of its variations,
explaining and justifying facts that only linguistically would be difficult or even impossible to
be certain. In the specific case of the lexicon, the entire world view, ideology, the value systems
and socio-cultural practices of human communities are reflected. This work intends to analyze
words covering the professional activities of the cattle dealer drovers and cattle drivers in
Tropas e Boiadas, which allows us to think of the intrinsic relationship between lexicon and
culture. The development of lexicographic records as well as the organization of the lexis in
lexical fields enables the verification of the meanings in the narratives, enabling a study of the
relationship between lexicon and culture. In addition, this analysis backed the drafting of a
glossary, which is very relevant in a job like this, identifying specific words of professional
activities and their respective meanings in narratives, allowing a better understanding of the
texts narrated describing different situations uses of language and making it possible to analyze
the lexis in more detail<br>O uso da língua permeia a relação entre os seres humanos e destes com o mundo que os cerca,
sobretudo nas formas de nomear objetos, ações, sentimentos, sensações. Assim, é possível
observar e analisar palavras e expressões que uma pessoa ou grupo utiliza em suas diferentes
atividades. As questões econômicas, sociais e culturais de um povo se manifestam através do
léxico. Ao ler a obra Tropas e Boiadas foi possível deparar com lexias referentes ao trabalho
do sertanejo com as tropas e com as boiadas, possibilitando uma análise léxica desse corpus.
Assim, o estudo do léxico relativo às atividades profissionais na obra de Hugo de Carvalho
Ramos permite analisar como estas palavras e expressões se manifestam, num determinado
tempo e espaço, fazendo parte da linguagem desse povo e como forma da construção de sua
identidade. Um estudo que se propõe a analisar a língua deve considerar que os contextos
socioculturais em que ela ocorre são elementos básicos e, muitas vezes, determinantes de suas
variações, explicando e justificando fatos que apenas linguisticamente seriam difíceis ou até
impossíveis de serem determinados. No caso específico do léxico, toda a visão de mundo, a
ideologia, os sistemas de valores e as práticas socioculturais das comunidades humanas são nele
refletidas. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar palavras que recobrem as atividades profissionais
dos tropeiros e condutores de gado na obra Tropas e Boiadas, o que nos permite pensar na
relação intrínseca entre léxico e cultura. A elaboração de fichas lexicográficas bem como a
organização das lexias em campos lexicais possibilita a verificação dos significados nas
narrativas, permitindo um estudo da relação entre léxico e cultura. Além disso, esta análise
oportuniza a elaboração de um glossário, que se faz muito pertinente em um trabalho como
este, identificando palavras específicas das atividades profissionais e seus respectivos
significados nas narrativas, permitindo compreender melhor os textos narrados, descrevendo
situações distintas de usos da língua e possibilitando analisar as lexias de forma mais detalhada.
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Berry, Jeffrey James. "Machine Learning Methods for Articulatory Data." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223348.
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Humans make use of more than just the audio signal to perceive speech. Behavioral and neurological research has shown that a person's knowledge of how speech is produced influences what is perceived. With methods for collecting articulatory data becoming more ubiquitous, methods for extracting useful information are needed to make this data useful to speech scientists, and for speech technology applications. This dissertation presents feature extraction methods for ultrasound images of the tongue and for data collected with an Electro-Magnetic Articulograph (EMA). The usefulness of these features is tested in several phoneme classification tasks. Feature extraction methods for ultrasound tongue images presented here consist of automatically tracing the tongue surface contour using a modified Deep Belief Network (DBN) (Hinton et al. 2006), and methods inspired by research in face recognition which use the entire image. The tongue tracing method consists of training a DBN as an autoencoder on concatenated images and traces, and then retraining the first two layers to accept only the image at runtime. This 'translational' DBN (tDBN) method is shown to produce traces comparable to those made by human experts. An iterative bootstrapping procedure is presented for using the tDBN to assist a human expert in labeling a new data set. Tongue contour traces are compared with the Eigentongues method of (Hueber et al. 2007), and a Gabor Jet representation in a 6-class phoneme classification task using Support Vector Classifiers (SVC), with Gabor Jets performing the best. These SVC methods are compared to a tDBN classifier, which extracts features from raw images and classifies them with accuracy only slightly lower than the Gabor Jet SVC method.For EMA data, supervised binary SVC feature detectors are trained for each feature in three versions of Distinctive Feature Theory (DFT): Preliminaries (Jakobson et al. 1954), The Sound Pattern of English (Chomsky and Halle 1968), and Unified Feature Theory (Clements and Hume 1995). Each of these feature sets, together with a fourth unsupervised feature set learned using Independent Components Analysis (ICA), are compared on their usefulness in a 46-class phoneme recognition task. Phoneme recognition is performed using a linear-chain Conditional Random Field (CRF) (Lafferty et al. 2001), which takes advantage of the temporal nature of speech, by looking at observations adjacent in time. Results of the phoneme recognition task show that Unified Feature Theory performs slightly better than the other versions of DFT. Surprisingly, ICA actually performs worse than running the CRF on raw EMA data.
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Tombini, Cleandro Stevão. "A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CAMPO PICTÓRICO: ACÚMULOS E CONTRAPOSIÇÕES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5225.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This research is based on a plastic practice, with the objective of construct a pictorial field through the operative concepts of accumulations and contrapositions. In its development, articulated plastic practice, based on notes made in diary of notes, with the theory, history and art criticism, and written in visual poetics. This research is established to investigate the principles that condition the instauration of my works. Thus, I begin to reflect the working documents, analyze the origin and formation of accumulations of pictorial material and its relationship with the experimental deviations, what and how the simulations and the real three-dimensional elements are opposed to the picture, coming to strategies, in which I investigate how the procedures of appropriation, collage, fusion of elements are used for work s construction. Still, do an analysis on my works, making comparisons with my previous productions, and the work of Iberê Camargo, Nuno Ramos, Leda Catunda, plus other artists with whom my work dialogues, in order to understand the developments of some procedures and my expressive intention. I conclude this study by answering the questions about the relationship and influences between painting and three-dimensional elements, and pointing possible ways to continuation of this work.<br>A presente pesquisa baseia-se na minha produção plástica, com o objetivo de construir um campo pictórico por meio dos conceitos operatórios de acúmulos e contraposições. No seu desenvolvimento, articulei a prática plástica, baseada em apontamentos realizados em um diário de anotações, com a teoria, a história e a crítica de arte, além de escritos em poéticas visuais. O estabelecimento dessa pesquisa se dá por meio da investigação aos princípios que condicionam à instauração das minhas obras. Assim, inicio a reflexão pelos documentos de trabalho, analiso a origem e a constituição dos acúmulos de matéria pictórica e suas relações com os desvios experimentais, quais são e como as simulações do real e os elementos tridimensionais se contrapõem ao pictórico, até chegar às estratégias, em que investigo como os procedimentos de apropriação, colagem, hibridizações e mestiçagens são utilizados na construção dos trabalhos. Empreendo ainda, uma análise sobre as minhas obras, estabelecendo comparações com minhas produções anteriores, e com o fazer de Iberê Camargo, Nuno Ramos, Leda Catunda, além de outros artistas com os quais o meu trabalho dialoga, a fim de se compreender os desdobramentos de alguns procedimentos e a minha intenção expressiva. Encerro essa pesquisa respondendo às questões em torno das relações e influências entre a pintura e os elementos tridimensionais, e apontando possíveis caminhos para a sequência desse trabalho.
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Oliveira, Edmon Neto de. "Escrita crítica, escrita criativa e leituras sobre (e com) o esporte: o corpo em movimento ressensualizando a razão." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6908.
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Previous issue date: 2018-05-14<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Esta tese é desenvolvida a partir de diversas leituras analíticas de escritos produzidos por diferentes autores nos últimos três séculos. Textos que no interior dos quais discutiram-se propostas para o ofício da crítica da literatura e das artes que se faz e se experimenta no bojo da inventividade. Em primeiro lugar nutre-se uma concepção, já compartilhada com autores de referência, de que é mais fecunda a crítica que se apropria de seu objeto referencial e a ele se funde, criando uma estrutura nova, dotada do mesmo status da obra abordada e, assim, sendo compreendida no limiar da literatura. A proposta que se torna o problema do trabalho de pesquisa, contudo, é um exercício crítico-performático com um poema sobre o surfe, escrito pelo poeta brasileiro Alberto Pucheu, a partir do qual se busca uma ideia de paradigma para a relação entre a produção crítica e a produção literária hoje. Para tanto, o parâmetro estético da tese mira no tom livre e rigoroso do ensaio, bem como no apelo às experiências corporais de modalidades esportivas acessadas numa correspondência com a experiência artístico-literária. Isso pode ser compreendido na medida do pareamento dessa experiência com os múltiplos movimentos do corpo, na manutenção de uma saúde, assim como preconizam pensadores como Gilles Deleuze. Em seguida, ensaios de envergadura experimental e heterodoxa são produzidos à luz dos parâmetros estabelecidos a priori, na medida em que tecem uma linha de leitura aproximativa entre os fragmentos de Friedrich Schlegel, parte da obra autobiográfica de Henry Miller e os escritos e performances de Roberto Corrêa dos Santos, cada qual ilustrando uma atitude do corpo como sendo correspondente ao ofício de escritores, críticos e artistas que eles são. Cria-se, ao fim, um elo entre os recortes analisados de cada autor, que se solda numa parábola nietzschiana pensada junto com a imagem dos levantadores de peso olímpico. A tese pode, de alguma forma, contribuir para o debate inserido no campo expandido dos estudos literários contemporâneos.<br>The present thesis is developed from several analytical readings of writings from different authors in the last three centuries, inside which are discussed proposals for the metier of literary and arts review, made and experienced through inventiveness. Firstly, there is a fostered conception, already shared with authors of reference, which sees the criticism which appropriates its referential object and merges with it as more fruitful, creating a new structure endowed with the same status of the work approached and thus being understood at the threshold of the literature. The proposal that becomes the core of this research, however, is a critical and performative exercise with a poem about surfing, written by Brazilian poet Alberto Pucheu, from which a paradigm idea is sought for the connection between the critical and literary production today. Therefore, the aesthetic parameter of this thesis looks at the free and rigorous tone of the essay, as well as the appeal to the corporal experiences of sports modalities approached in correspondence with the artistic and literary experiences. This can be understood through the pairing of this experience with the multiple movements of the body, in the maintenance of health, as advocated by thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze. Subsequently, experimental and heterodox essays are produced in the light of the parameters established earlier, as they weave an approximate reading thread between the fragments of Friedrich Schlegel, part of Henry Miller's autobiographical work and the writings and performances of Roberto Corrêa dos Santos, each illustrating an attitude of the body as corresponding to the craft of writers, critics and artists they are. At the end, a link is created between the analyzed excerpts of each author, welded in a Nietzschean parable thought through the image of the Olympic weight lifters. This thesis may in some way contribute to the debate within the expanded field of contemporary literary studies.
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Berardi-Wiltshire, Arianna. "Italian identity and heritage language motivation : five stories of heritage language learning in traditional foreign language courses in Wellington, New Zealand : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics and Second Language Teaching at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1170.
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The study explores the motivational role of the personal constructions of Italian identity (Italianità) of five learners of Italian descent studying their heritage language by means of traditional foreign language courses in Wellington, New Zealand. By adopting a social constructivist perspective on both language learning and the motivational processes underlying it, and by applying such concepts as investment (Norton, 2000), ideal L2 self (Dörnyei, 2009) and language learning as identity reconstruction (Pavlenko & Lantolf, 2000), the study aims to further our understanding of heritage language learning motivation as a socially mediated process (Ushioda, 2003). Qualitative data was collected through waves of semi-structured interviews from five case-study participants over the course of several months of learning. Responses were used to map the influence that the participants’ constructions of their own Italianità exerted on three aspects of their language learning motivation: their reasons for learning the language, the decision to embark on the study of it, and the maintenance of their interest and learning efforts throughout the learning process. Detailed observations of learning sites, classes and materials, and interviews with teachers provided rich contextual data concerning key episodes identified by the students as relating to different aspects of motivation. The findings suggest that Italianità is heavily implicated in the initial stages of motivation, but that its influence is mediated by the learners’ personal constructions of a multitude of internal and external factors, through which they come to personalise and prioritise their own objectives and identity ambitions in ways that guide their motivational arousal, their decision to pursue the language and their creation and visualisation of learning goals. Italianità is also found to have an influence on the maintenance and shifts in the participants’ motivational states throughout their learning, supporting a socially mediated view of L2 motivation in which motivational fluctuations are explained as the result of the learners’ own processing of and reaction to elements of their context, including critical events inside and outside the classroom, exchanges with teachers, peers and speakers of Italian, and ongoing developments of opportunities and challenges for the achievement of the personal goals and identity ambitions driving their learning.
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Dalacorte, Tereza Cristina Faria. "Percorrendo o conjunto da obra do artista Tony Smith: entre a década de 1960 à 1970." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8275.
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-15<br>The present thesis proposes a trajectory through the work collection created by the North-
American author Tony Smith from 1960 to 1970. The examination of this interval of his artwork is
developed based on a bibliographical approach of the life and work of the same era in terms of
the aesthetic and historical time in North-America. In addition, this thesis also investigates the
interrelation of the analytical aspects of the theme and attempts make a critical review or essay on
the topic, as it proposes not only an objective analysis of the subject but also a consideration on
the poetic observed in the in the studied artworks. This reflection is built according to the paradox
presence/absence of the artworks in the space they occupy. Such cogitation also takes into
consideration the fact that the blackness of these artwork volumes could possibly confront their
own existences. Finally, this research concentrates on the analysis of the expansion of Tony
Smith's artwork in relation to both architectonic and urban spaces, with implications on their
possible dialects and/or confrontations.<br>O projeto desta dissertação propõe um percurso pelo conjunto da obra do artista norte-americano
Tony Smith produzidas entre a década de 1960 à 1970. Este recorte é desenvolvido mediante
uma abordagem bibliográfica das obras e vida do artista inter-relacionado ao contexto estético e
histórico norte-americano do período. No entanto o projeto é também uma inter-relação entre
análise e ensaio, pois aqui desenvolvemos não apenas um levantamento objetivo como tambémuma reflexão a respeito da poética a qual percebemos nas obras analisadas. Tal reflexão é
construída segundo o paradoxo presença e/ou ausência das obras no espaço que as contêm,
considerando também que o negrume de suas volumetrias possivelmente confrontariam sua
própria existência. A pesquisa se estende ainda na análise da expansão das obras e sua relação
com o espaço arquitetônico e urbano, implicando suas possíveis dialéticas e/ou confrontos.
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Figueredo, Marcos Antônio de Araújo. "Um estudo sobre a formação e atuação do professor de violão em Santa Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1535.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-30<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The following research work introduces a study regarding the formation and degree of guitar teachers in the state of Santa Catarina. The goal of this project is to know how the teacher s academic background was and to understand the connection between their educational formation and work. The methodology used was data collection a survey with questions divided in three central topics: the teacher s profile, their educational background and professional performance. The sample was restricted to 26 (twenty six) guitar teachers, including graduates and academic in 27 (twenty seven) cities in Santa Catarina. The survey results revealed that the formation of the guitar teacher is built as a result of different academic situations, such as trainee and post graduation. It is concluded that teachers are satisfied with the musical knowledge; pedagogical and technical skills acquired in their courses and recognize the value of continuing education. Furthermore, it was found that there is a close relationship of higher education in music with the theoretical and practical needs of the guitar teacher, because of the wide variety of knowledge that underlie the profession and the teacher performance in different levels and contexts.<br>O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta um estudo a respeito da formação e atuação dos professores de violão no Estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo proposto é conhecer como foi a formação acadêmica dos professores de violão e entender qual a relação entre a sua formação e a atuação profissional. A metodologia empregada foi do tipo levantamento survey, com questões divididas em três temas fundamentais: o perfil do professor, a formação acadêmica e a atuação profissional dos docentes. A amostra restringiu-se a 26 (vinte e seis) professores de violão, incluindo graduados e acadêmicos em formação em Música (Licenciatura e Bacharelado), que atuam profissionalmente em 27 (vinte e sete) municípios catarinenses. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a formação do professor de violão se dá no exercício da profissão em diversas situações de ensino, do estágio docente à pós-graduação. Conclui-se que os professores estão satisfeitos com os conhecimentos musicais, pedagógicos e habilidades técnicas adquiridas nos respectivos cursos e reconhecem o valor da educação continuada. Além disso, constatou-se que existe uma relação próxima da formação superior em Música com as necessidades teóricas e práticas do professor de violão em virtude da ampla variedade de conhecimentos que fundamentam a profissão e a atuação do professor em diferentes níveis e contextos.
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Courbon, Bruno. "Étude sémantique des mots "chance", "fortune", "hasard" et "risque" du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : perspectives sur le lexique du français et ses usages." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20041.
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La recherche a pour objet la structuration du champ lexical des mots « chance », « fortune », « hasard » et « risque » du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle. Témoin de mutations qu’a connues la civilisation occidentale durant cette période, ce champ, qui se rattache à la notion de fortune / hasard, présente une relative homogénéité sémantique.Les mots (et leurs dérivés) sont étudiés à travers le déploiement, la régulation et la répartition des normes d’usages, non seulement en français hexagonal, mais aussi en français québécois. L’étude se fonde sur l’exploitation de deux types de corpus. D’une part, un corpus d’articles extraits d’une cinquantaine de dictionnaires sert à mettre en évidence la productivité morphosémantique et sémantique de ces unités dans une perspective historique large. D’autre part, un grand ensemble d’énoncés diversifiés permet, par la mise au jour de types de contextes, d’effectuer un suivi diachronique des usages. L’approche continuiste des différences d’usages s’appuie sur une représentation fréquentielle des changements sémantiques.La thèse apporte une contribution à la question de la variation des usages et du changement sémantique, qui ouvre sur plusieurs perspectives. Elle se veut d’abord une réflexion sur la théorie et la méthodologie descriptives, appréhendées à la lumière de l’analyse de la nature et du rôle des corpus. Elle met ensuite en évidence l’importance de la dimension intersubjective dans l’activité de signification, en particulier le rôle déterminant des structures syntagmatiques dans l’établissement de nouveaux usages sémantiques. Enfin, elle permet de mettre en relation le changement sémantique avec les conditions sociohistoriques et les représentations collectives<br>The present study deals with the way in which the lexical field regrouping the words “chance”, “fortune”, “hazard” and “risqué” has been structured in the French language from the eighteenth century till the present day. Revealing major changes in western societies during this period of time, the field, which corresponds to the linguistic representation of the notion of fortune / hasard, presents a certain coherence.We have examined these words and their derived forms through the display, regulation, and distribution of norms of use, not only in Hexagonal French, but also in Quebec French. Two types of corpora have been analysed. On the one hand, a corpus of articles from around 50 dictionaries has been used to emphasize the lexical and semantic productivity of the different units on a large historical scale. On the other hand, in revealing context types, a set of texts reflecting French language varieties has allowed for carrying out a diachronic analysis of lexical uses. The continuist approach to semantic differences rests upon a frequential representation of semantic changes.The thesis brings a significant contribution to the question of usage variations and semantic change, providing new perspectives. It first deals with theory and methodology of lexical description, considered through the analysis of the nature and the role of corpora. It then evidences the central role of syntagmatic structures in the setting of new semantic uses. The study has finally put into relation semantic changes with their historical background and the collective representations of the time
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Haworth, Penelope. "Developing praxis for a few non-English speaking background students in the class : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education at Massey University." Massey University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/993.
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This thesis explores how teachers develop working theories and practices for small numbers of non-English speaking background (NESB) students in mainstream classes. The investigation included eight class teachers and four different school settings. A pilot phase was conducted in one school at the end of 2000. The major phase of the study was carried out in 2002. In each of the four terms that year, a different school became the context for the study and the focus was placed on a year 1-2 class teacher and a year 5-6 class teacher in that school. The study employed a qualitative ethnographic approach. Information was collected about each class teacher's experience, knowledge, confidence, teaching strategies, the degree of stress experienced when teaching NESB students in various class groupings, and the way in which individual and class needs were balanced. An initial intensive interview with each class teacher was followed by in-class observations. These observations were interspersed by two reflective discussions which took place in the middle and at the end of the school term. Discussions took a reflective problem-solving approach that made use of a write-down, think-aloud technique, and focused on critical learning and teaching episodes from the class. In addition, a reflective journal was kept, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with teachers responsible for the English for Speakers of Other Languages programme in the school. The results of the inquiry led to the development of a theoretical model which illustrated how the evolution of teachers' praxis was influenced by dynamic interactions within and across three contextual layers: the educational community, the classroom, and the reflective practitioner. Each teacher's professional knowledge was informed by a unique background of experience and the nature of the collaboration that occurred with colleagues and parents. In turn, these factors impacted on the formation of pedagogic beliefs, perceived efficacy, and the evolution, selection and implementation of particular teaching roles and strategies. The study culminated with a number of recommendations being made for the enhancement of professional development initiatives, as well as for school and educational policies. In particular, these recommendations highlight the need for taking a broad ecological approach to addressing the professional needs of class teachers working with small numbers of NESB students.
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Cerqueira, Rodrigo da Silva. "Um escritor excepcional, uma obra de exceção: o inferno provisório e as movimentações de Luiz Ruffato no campo literário brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3111.
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-30<br>O presente trabalho objetiva analisar as movimentações de Luiz Ruffato no campo literário brasileiro, norteando-se pela maneira como o escritor situa nesse espaço o Inferno provisório, conjunto de livros por ele publicado entre 2005 e 2011. O que se pretende aqui é um estudo de trajetória, a fim de que se possa esmiuçar as tomadas de posição do escritor no campo literário em que ele se insere e no qual tenta instituir uma posição particular. O trabalho dividir-se-á em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, buscamos averiguar o processo de formação do escritor, investigando como se dá a incorporação de certos habitus e a possível transformação desses em prática artística. Para isso, analisamos relatos em tons autobiográficos com que Ruffato se insere no campo, textos públicos (entrevistas e depoimentos) através dos quais o autor se posiciona, construindo para si uma autoimagem sobre cujas características básicas refletiremos. Pesam também nesse estudo sobre a formação de Luiz Ruffato como escritor as primeiras incursões literárias profissionais, tímidos passos no campo literário, mas que já revelam procedimentos e posicionamentos a serem potencializadas em momentos futuros de sua trajetória. No segundo capítulo, buscaremos compreender como se dá o início da trajetória profissional do autor, analisando seus três primeiros livros. Neste capítulo em especial, interessar-nos-á as estratégias adotadas pelo autor para inserir suas obras, as relações e aproximações com séries literárias várias que ele vai facultando a fim de criar para si uma posição particular, a maneira como o produtor movimenta-se no campo. O terceiro capítulo já estabelece o estudo em diálogo com o Inferno provisório. Nele, o mesmo tipo de análise desenvolvido no segundo capítulo é agora articulado à pentalogia desenvolvida pelo autor entre 2005 e 2011. Analisamos, sobretudo, a presença desse projeto literário em textos públicos que datam do fim da década de 1990, sopesando seus traços mais marcantes, seus desvios de rota e a relação entre tais movimentos e os lugares que o escritor vai ocupando no campo de produção. Já os dois últimos capítulos desta tese objetivam analisar os movimentos de Luiz Ruffato na própria escrita do Inferno provisório. Lendo os cinco volumes da pentalogia, buscamos averiguar se há possibilidade de a escrita conservar traços de outras tomadas de posição do escritor, o trânsito que ele estabelece no campo literário, a autoimagem que vai construindo para si e o lugar específico que tenta criar para seu nome.<br>The current task aims to analyze how Luiz Ruffato moves himself at Brazilian’s literary field studying how the writer situates Inferno provisório, books set released by the author between 2005 and 2011, in this space. What is intended here is an study about a writer’s trajectory, in order to read his stances and a particular position that he tries to institute. The task is divided in five chapters. In the first one, we seek to ascertain the writer’s formation process, investigating his incorporation of habitus and its possible formulation on artistic practices. For doing this, we analyze autobiographical reports with which Ruffato inserts himself on the literary field, public texts (interviews and statements) through which the author establishes a position; building a self image on whose basic characteristics we shall reflect. It’s also important for the study about Ruffato’s formation process, his first literary experiments, first steps on the literary field that, however, reveals procedures and position that will be potentiated in future moments. On the second chapter, we’ll try to understand the beginning of Ruffato’s professional trajectory analyzing his first three books. On this chapter, the strategies that the author adopts do insert his work on the literary field interest us, the relations and approximations with literary series that he provides in order to create a singular position, how the author build movementes. The third chapter establishes a relation with Inferno provisório. In this point, our goal is to maintain the type of analysis present in the second chapter, but now with the set of books published between 2005 and 2011. About everything, we analyze the presence of the project in public texts in the late 1990’s, positioning its remarkable features, detours and the places that the author occupies in the production field. The last two chapters search to reveal Ruffato´s movements in Inferno provisório’s writing. Reading the five volumes of the set we try to ascertain if there is a possibility for the literary writing to be considered as a carrier of author’s positioning, the place that he tries to occupy on literary field, the self image that he builds to conclude this objective.
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Assunção, Daniane da Silva. "Traços linguísticos e culturais de Goiás no século XVIII: vertentes lexicais no diário de viagem do barão de Mossâmedes." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7549.
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-31<br>This study investigated and analyzed the lexical fields from the book Travel Diary of Baron Mossâmedes: 1771-1773, in relation to geographic, military, the descriptions of places, parties, religiosity and all of cultural aspects present in corpus, consisting of 63 folios. The book, edited and commented by Antonio César Caldas Pinheiro and Gustavo Neiva Coelho (2006), reports the two trips for the fourth governor of Mines of Goyazes, José de Almeida de Vasconcellos Soveral and Carvalho: the first trip departing from Rio de Janeiro to Vila Boa, then capital of Goyaz State and the second through the interior thereof. The inventory and analysis of lexias were performed according to the theory of lexical fields, developed by Eugenio Coseriu (1977) and Horst Geckeler (1971). Through this diary, you can know the history about culture in Goiás and analyze the most important lexical fields and characteristic of the people, the culture and the political and administrative organization of the Captaincy of Goyaz in that time. There was a study of the historical context about this period that can better describe the relationship between lexicon, culture and society. They were prepared the lexicographical records of lexias inventoried consulting the Bluteau dictionaries (1712-1728) and Silva (1813). Finally, it built up a glossary in order to get a better understanding of the history described in the Journal.<br>Este estudo investigou e analisou os campos lexicais a partir do livro Diário de Viagem do Barão de Mossâmedes: 1771-1773, em relação aos aspectos geográficos, militares, às descrições dos lugares, das festas, da religiosidade e de todos os aspectos culturais presentes no corpus, que é constituído por 63 fólios. O livro, editado e comentado por Antônio César Caldas Pinheiro e Gustavo Neiva Coelho (2006), relata as duas viagens realizadas pelo quarto governador das Minas
dos Goyazes, José de Almeida de Vasconcellos Soveral e Carvalho: a primeira viagem partindo do Rio de Janeiro até Vila Boa, então capital da capitania de Goyaz; e a segunda pelo interior da mesma. A inventariação e a análise das lexias foram realizadas segundo a teoria dos campos lexicais, desenvolvida por Eugenio Coseriu (1977) e Horst Geckeler (1971). Através desse Diário, é possível conhecer a história da cultura goiana e analisar os campos lexicais mais importantes e característicos das pessoas, da cultura e da organização político-administrativa da Capitania de Goyaz na época referida. Fez-se um estudo do contexto histórico desse período para melhor descrever a relação entre léxico, cultura e sociedade. Foram elaboradas as fichas lexicográficas das lexias inventariadas consultando os dicionários Bluteau (1712-1728) e Silva (1813). Por fim, construiu-se um glossário com o intuito de se ter uma melhor compreensão da história descrita no Diário.
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Pozzobon, Tanise. "AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA E MARKETING CULTURAL: COWPARADE PORTO ALEGRE 2010." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5206.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This research addresses the relationships that form between contemporary art and cultural marketing through the private sponsorship exemplified by CowParade Porto Alegre. The cultural marketing has the contemporary art as a tool for building the image of a company, brand or product. Therefore, we attempted to briefly contextualize the evolution of financial support modes for cultural projects in Brazil in order to think about the growing interest of private initiative in sponsoring artistic events. A debate on the definitions related to the market, marketing, culture and cultural policies was considered as a theoretical basis, as well as concepts related to the system of arts and symbolic goods. Once the collection of information from the CowParade Porto Alegre and interviews (expectations and impressions) with artists and other participants of the event were done, an analysis to demonstrate the peculiarities of the event was carried out, using it as an example of the implications of private sponsorship in contemporary art.<br>A presente pesquisa aborda as relações que se formam entre arte contemporânea e marketing cultural, através do patrocínio privado exemplificado pela CowParade Porto Alegre. O marketing cultural apropria-se da arte contemporânea como uma ferramenta para a construção da imagem de uma empresa, marca ou produto. Para tanto, buscou-se contextualizar brevemente a evolução dos modos de apoio financeiro aos projetos culturais no Brasil, a fim de refletir sobre o crescente interesse da iniciativa privada em patrocinar eventos artísticos. Como fundamento teórico considerou-se o debate em torno de definições referentes à mercado, marketing cultural, cultura e políticas culturais, bem como com conceitos referentes ao sistema das artes e bens simbólicos. Feita a coleta das informações da CowParade Porto Alegre e das entrevistas (expectativas e impressões) com artistas e demais participantes do evento, foi elaborada uma análise para demonstrar as peculiaridades do evento, utilizando-o como um exemplo das implicações do patrocínio privado na arte contemporânea.
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CAVALCANTE, Mário Mendes. "Ulisses entre as artes visuais e a literatura. Um estudo de obras de José Roberto Aguilar e Lenir de Miranda." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2785.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-13<br>The aim of this research is to investigate the possible relationships between visual arts and literature from the study of works produced by the Brazilian artists José Roberto Aguilar (1941-) and Lenir de Miranda (1945-). Both have appropriated the character Ulysses from Homer's Odyssey and produced works using painting. Based on a literature review focused on the history of art, contemporary art theory and intersemiotic translation studies, we focus our study around the concepts of appropriation and expanded field. We conclude that the literary signs are appropriated for the artists in the field expanded of contemporary art as a poetic possibility.<br>O objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar as possíveis relações entre artes visuais e literatura a partir do estudo de obras produzidas pelos artistas brasileiros José Roberto Aguilar (1941-) e Lenir de Miranda (1945-). Ambos se apropriaram do personagem Ulisses, da Odisseia de Homero, e produziram séries de pinturas. Com base em uma revisão bibliográfica centrada na história da arte, na teoria da arte contemporânea e nos estudos de tradução intersemiótica, centramos nosso estudo em torno dos conceitos de apropriação e de campo ampliado. Concluímos que os signos literários são apropriados pelas artes visuais dentro do campo ampliado como uma possibilidade poética.
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Jung, Ana Emillia. "Robert Frank e a operação de montagem no campo do olhar." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2009. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/762.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-21<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In the Polaroids series photographer Robert Frank creates performed situations and manipulates the two-dimensional surface in a post-production condition, building images
with uncertain borders where emptiness, words, pictorial gestures, appropriations and acts are highlighted. Emerging through mounting resources, these procedures question certain intrinsic references in the field of photography and image, allowing the recognition of a territory where both manufacture and operatory notions that state poetical basis are implied and contrasted, interrogate and disturb in relation to the look field. In the interlocution of art history and theory with psychoanalysis and philosophy, we find the possibility of troubling the procedures of this work in order to elaborate questions that resonate from it, without reducing its terms. In the first chapter, we investigate the potential of the foreigner language as a condition of the image, which is identified in both the photography and image fields, as extinguisher of borders and promoter of new proposition parameters. The unquiet Freudian strangeness articulated with infinite possibilities of artistic language opens a field to think
the Polaroids series as image-happening. In the second chapter, we analyze the relation between the visible and what can be said from renitent aspects of the mounting operation along the series, such as the figural logic in dreams and reticulations, the relation between image and word, the repetition as difference and the gesture that re-signifies the instant of looking. In the third chapter, we study the projection of these plastic procedures in the visual
field. From the process of determining the view of the artistic object, we reach the notion of irrepresentability as an encounter with the Real, and we conclude with the structure of the scopic field, which was formulated by Jacques Lacan and has its orientation in art theory developed by Georges Didi-Huberman, in which the look accomplishes the function of
causing the subject in its desire<br>Na série Polaroids, o fotógrafo Robert Frank cria situações encenadas e manipula a superfície bidimensional em condição de pós-produção, construindo imagens com fronteiras
imprecisas onde se destacam vazios, palavras, gestos pictóricos, apropriações e encenações. Emergindo por recursos de montagem, tais procedimentos colocam em questão certas referências intrínsecas ao campo da fotografia e da imagem permitindo reconhecer um território onde tanto a fatura como as noções operatórias que se afirmam como fundamento poético se implicam e se rebatem, interrogam e perturbam em relação ao campo do olhar. Na interlocução da história e teoria da arte com a psicanálise e a filosofia, encontramos a possibilidade de problematizar os procedimentos deste trabalho a fim de elaborar as questões
que dele ressoam sem, entretanto, reduzir seus termos. No primeiro capítulo, investigamos o potencial de linguagem do estrangeiro como uma condição da imagem, que se identifica,
tanto no campo fotográfico como imagético, como anulador de fronteiras e instaurador de novos parâmetros propositivos. A inquietante estranheza freudiana articulada com as
infinitas possibilidades da linguagem artística abre campo para pensar a série Polaroids como imagem-acontecimento. No segundo capítulo, analisamos a relação entre o visível e o
dizível a partir dos aspectos renitentes da operação de montagem ao longo da série, entre os quais, a lógica figural nos sonhos e na retícula, a relação entre imagem e palavra, a repetição como diferença e o gesto que re-significa o instante de ver. No terceiro capítulo, analisamos o rebatimento destes procedimentos plásticos no campo do visual. Do processo de
instauração da visualidade do objeto artístico, alcançamos a noção de irrepresentável como encontro com o Real, e concluímos com a estrutura do campo escópico formulada por
Jacques Lacan, e cuja orientação na teoria da arte é desenvolvida por Georges Didi- Huberman, onde o olhar cumpre a função de causar o sujeito em seu desejo