Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Film distribution in Sweden“

This article studies the import of East German films by Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Radio, and their reception in the Swedish public sphere. While few GDR films reached theatrical distribution, Swedish television imported and broadcasted over 30 productions by the state-owned film studio DEFA during the 1970s and 1980s, making this the primary distribution window for East German film in Sweden. Relying on sources such as Sveriges Radio’s in-house correspondence and screening reports, the weekly Sveriges Radio magazine Voices in Radio/Television (Röster i Radio/TV) and the public service corporation’s annual reports, this study sheds light on the political, economic and ideological considerations involved in the cultural exchange between Sweden and the GDR.

In 1974 the British Board of Film Censors refused to grant a certificate to the Swedish documentary More About the Language of Love (Mera ur Kärlekens språk, 1970, Torgny Wickman, Sweden: Swedish Film Production), due to its explicit sexual content. Nevertheless, the Greater London Council granted the film an ‘X’ certificate so that it could be shown legally in cinemas throughout the capital. This article details the trial against the cinema manager and owners, after the film was seized by police under the charge of obscenity, and explores the impact on British arguments around film censorship, revealing a range of attitudes towards sex and pornography. Drawing on archival records of the trial, the widespread press coverage as well as participants’ subsequent reflections, the article builds upon Elisabet Björklund’s work on Swedish sex education films and Eric Schaefer’s scholarship on Sweden’s ‘sexy nation’ reputation to argue that the Swedish films’ transnational distribution complicated tensions between educational and exploitative intentions in a particularly British culture war over censorship.

This study examines the reception of the Swedish film I am Curious (Yellow) in America. As a mixture of political satire and a chronicle of a sexual affair, with fictional and documentary material, the film was referred to by a U.S. government official as “the most explicit movie ever imported” when it arrived in America in 1968 and was released only after a federal appeals court reversed a lower-court verdict that had found it legally obscene. Although cleared for importation, I am Curious (Yellow) continued to be dogged by whether its sex scenes violated local and state obscenity laws. While the legal actions at times impeded distribution of the film, they also generated publicity for it, eventually making it one of the most profitable foreign-language films in U.S. motionpicture history. This paper discusses several court cases where the film’s social value—or lack thereof—was the factor deciding whether it could be shown, and it also looks at critical reaction to the film. Noting that all popular-culture products are products of the societies they spring from, the paper also looks at how the film was received in Sweden.

ABSTRACT This article analyses three recent and very successful Scandinavian films - Niels Arden Oplev’s Män som hatar kvinnor/TheGirl with the Dragon Tatoo (Sweden), Susanne Bier’s Hævnen/In aBetter World (Denmark) and Sara Johnsen’s Upperdog (Norway) - in order to understand how the relationship between the national and the international is articulated. Focus is on the scenes taking place abroad and on the functions that these scenes fill within the films’ overall story and thematic concerns. One conclusion is that scenes set abroad allow the films to divert attention away from otherwise harsh representations of national communities. A brief concluding discussion suggests that such a use of the scenes may facilitate the films’ transnational distribution.

The use of film in anti-tuberculosis campaigns dates back to at least the 1910s in Scandinavia and elsewhere. However, in the immediate wake of World War II, developments in mass public health screening necessitated a new wave of informational films that explained x-rays, Mantoux tests and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination to the public. This article examines three such cases: first, Alle i fare! (All Endangered!) (Falk, Norway, 1948); second, a suite of films made in 1948 by Danish filmmaker Hagen Hasselbach for UNICEF for educational and fundraising purposes; and third, Medan det ännu är tid (‘While there’s still time’) (Martin Söderhjelm, Sweden, 1952). The films are contextualized within the broader history of anti-tuberculosis films and campaigns, as well as the circumstances of their commissioning and distribution. The article identifies a range of narrative and visual strategies that construct a new kind of national and global citizen whose body is made available and visible to public authorities for the collective good. In particular, it is argued that the (re)mediation of new mass screening technologies such as x-rays, skin tests and health data often make use of the properties of the projection screen, demonstrating the entanglement of medical and media technologies.

A Discfilter with 10 and 18 μm filter openings, respectively, was placed in parallel to a flotation plant for separation of biological flocs from a post-denitrifying Kaldnes Moving Bed™ Process, the last treatment step at the municipal wastewater treatment plant at Sjölunda, Malmö, Sweden. The effluent concentrations from the 10 and 18 μm filter were 2–5 and 2–8 mg SS L−1, respectively, which is comparable to, or better than, the flotation plant. Comparison with experiences from activated sludge plants shows that the Discfilter works especially well after the Kaldnes process. Particle size distribution (PSD) studies show that particles larger than the filter openings of 10 and 18 μm are separated with approximately 90% efficiency, whereas most of the smaller particles pass the filter. This fact indicates that the major particle separation mechanism is physical blocking. These findings point to the possibility of improving the prediction of the separation efficiency by combining measurements of turbidity and suspended solids with particle size analysis.

Cross section measurements for the197Au(n,xn) reactions have been performed at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) high-energy neutron facility in Uppsala,Sweden. The 45.6 and 58.3 MeVquasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced by means of the 7Li(p,n) reaction and were monitored with thin-film breakdown counters (TFBCs). After the end of the irradiations, the activity induced by the neutron beams in the targets and in reference foils, has been measured by a HPGe detector. In order to determine the cross sections of the (n,xn) reactions, the spectral neutron flux distribution is needed, thus the characterization of the beam is of major importance. Therefore, simulations that take into account the whole experimental setup of the irradiation have been performed with the use of MCNP5 code and the results are presented in this work. Currently, further analysis of the data is in progress.

Groundwater contamination caused by the use of the aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated in southern Sweden. ΣPFAS concentrations in groundwater ranged between 20 and 20,000 ng L−1; PFAS composition was primarily represented by PFOS and PFHxS. The PFAS chain length was suggested to have an impact on the contaminant distribution and transport in the groundwater. PFAS profiling showed that the use of PFSAs- and PFCAs/FTSAs-based PFAS-AFFF can be a contributor to PFAS contamination of the drinking water source (groundwater). PFAS emission was connected to PFAS-AFFF use during the fire-training and fire-fighting equipment tests at the studied location. PFAS emission per individual fire training was (semi-quantitatively) estimated as [1.4 < 11.5 ± 5.7 < 43.7 kg] (n = 20,000). The annual emission estimates varied as [11 < 401 ± 233 < 1125 kg yr−1] (n = 1005) considering possible [2 < 35 ± 20 < 96] individual fire-training sessions per year.

Reinvestigation of glacial erratic boulders from Jutland, Denmark, and from northern Germany, has revealed a moderately diverse fauna with the trilobites Holmiella? sp., Epichalnipsus anartanus, Epichalnipsus sp. A, Epichalnipsus sp. B, and Berabichia erratica, three species of lingulid brachiopods, one hyolith species, and trace fossils comparable to Halopoa imbricata. Comparison with faunas from the Cambrian of Scandinavia strongly suggested a biostratigraphic position equivalent to the uppermost part of the (revised) Holmia kjerulfi–‘Ornamentaspis’ linnarssoni to lowermost Comluella?–Ellipsocephalus lunatus zones sensu Nielsen & Schovsbo (2011), or the lower to middle part of the traditional ‘Ornamentaspis’ linnarssoni Zone, but probably a particular horizon and biofacies not yet discovered in Scandinavia. Considerations of glacial transport regimes and the distribution of comparable rock units, as well as a petrographical analysis of the material from the studied erratic boulders and rocks from outcrops in Sweden, indicate that the boulders were derived from the Lingulid Sandstone Member of the File Haidar Formation and the source area is situated in the vicinity of the present-day outcrops in the Halleberg–Hunneberg area, Västergötland, Sweden.

Distribution pipe biofilms can provide sites for the concentration of a wide range of microbial pathogens, thereby acting as a potential source of continual microbial exposure and furthermore can affect the aesthetic quality of water. In a joint project between Stockholm Water, the MISTRA “Sustainable Urban Water” program, the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and the Royal Technical University, Stockholm, the aim of the current study was to investigate biofilms formed in an urban water distribution system, and quantify the impact of such biofilms on potential pathogen accumulation and persistence within the Greater Stockholm Area, Sweden. When used for primary disinfection, ultra-violet (UV) treatment had no measurable influence on biofilm formation within the distribution system when compared to conventional chlorination. Biofilms produced within a model pilot-plant were found to be representative to those that had formed within the larger municipal water distribution system, demonstrating the applicability of the novel pilot-plant for future studies. Polystyrene microspheres (1.0μm) and Salmonella bacteriophages demonstrated their ability to accumulate and persist within the model pilot-plant system, where the means of primary disinfection (UV-treatment, chlorination) had no influence on such phenomena. With the exception of aeromonads, potential pathogens and faecal indicators could not be detected within biofilms from the Stockholm water distribution system. Results from this investigation may provide information for water treatment and distribution management strategies, and fill key data gaps that presently hinder the refinement of microbial risk models.

ObjectivesTo explore nurses’ experiences of a tailored intervention that supported them with knowledge and tools to use during encounters and dialogue with parents with low vaccine acceptance.DesignA qualitative study with in-depth interviews conducted in 2017. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingThis study was part of a multicomponent intervention targeting Somali parents and the nurses at child health centres in the Rinkeby and Tensta neighbourhoods of Stockholm. An area with documented low measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage. Previous research has revealed that Somali parents in the community delayed MMR vaccination due to fear of autism despite lack of scientific evidence. The interventions were implemented in 2015–2017.ParticipantsEleven nurses employed at the child health centres involved in the intervention participated in interviews. The tailored intervention targeting nurses included a series of seminars, a narrative film and an information card with key messages for distribution to parents.ResultsThe qualitative analysis revealed an overarching theme: perception of improved communication with parents. Two underlying themes were identified: (1) feeling more confident to address parents’ MMR vaccine concerns and (2) diverse tools as useful support to dispel myth and reduce language barriers.ConclusionFrom the nurses’ perspective, the tailored intervention was useful to improve communication with parents having vaccine concerns. Nurses have a crucial role in vaccine uptake and acceptance. Interventions aiming to strengthen their communication with parents are therefore essential, especially in areas with lower vaccine acceptance.

One of the most frequently encountered representations of West Papuan people internationally today is a photographic or video image of a Korowai or Kombai treehouse (Figure 1). Circulation of these images first exploded in the mid-1990s. In 1994, anArts & Entertainment Channelfilm about Korowai was broadcast in the United States under the titleTreehouse People: Cannibal Justice, and in 1996National Geographicpublished a photo essay titled “Irian Jaya's People of the Trees.” Korowai and Kombai treehouses have since been depicted in dozens of magazine and newspaper articles and twenty television productions, made by media professionals from the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Vietnam, and recently West Papua itself. Some representations have had mass global distribution through programming partnerships and satellite transmission agreements, and international editions of major magazines. Recently, several reality television programs have been produced about white travelers' stays in treehouses with Korowai or Kombai hosts. These include an episode ofTribebroadcast on BBC and Discovery in 2005, the six episodes ofLiving with the Kombai Tribeshown on Travel Channel and Discovery International in 2007, and an episode ofRendez-Vous En Terre Inconnuetelevised to much acclaim on France 2 in 2009. Treehouses were widely seen by Australian audiences in 2006 in theSixty Minutessegment “The Last Cannibals,” and during a subsequent media firestorm that surrounded a rival show's unsuccessful effort to film their anchor accompanying a supposedly endangered Korowai orphan boy to a safer life in town. In 2009, a BBC film crew filmed Korowai house construction for the forthcoming blockbuster seriesHuman Planet, and in 2010National Geographicbegan researching a possible second story on Korowai treehouses. In late June and early July 2010, photos of Korowai treehouses were published by newspapers in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Paraguay, Spain, Romania, Hungary, Turkey, Finland, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and other countries, to illustrate stories reporting the Indonesian census bureau's announcement that it had counted Korowai thoroughly for the first time (e.g., Andrade 2010; most stories drew their content from Agence France-Presse). In August 2010, production began for a feature-length Indonesian film about physical and romantic travails of Javanese protagonists who sojourn with Korowai in their jungle home; no filming is being carried out in the Korowai area or with Korowai actors, but treehouses figure prominently in the film's early written and visual publicity.

AbstractThe extraction of marine sand and gravel has taken place in a number of countries around the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and English Channel for several centuries, but large-scale dredging for aggregates only began in earnest in the 1960s. Today, marine sands and gravels have an increasing role to play in maintaining European supplies of concreting aggregates as well as material for beach nourishment and constructional fill. The distribution of sand and gravel resources offshore is uneven. They vary in their thickness, their composition and grading, and their proximity to the shore. Many deposits lie in places that are currently inaccessible to the dredging industry.This paper outlines the production of marine sand and gravel in northern Europe and describes the distribution, composition and Quaternary origins of the most important marine sand and gravel resources in northern Europe. Examples are given for the UK, the Netherlands and Denmark, and in summary form for France, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Ireland and Germany. Most marine sand and gravel deposits are of fluvial or glacial origin and have been reworked to varying degrees by marine and coastal hydrodynamic processes. They represent a range of former depositional environments, including fluvial channel-fill or terrace deposits, glacial meltwater plain deposits, seabed lag gravels and degraded shingle beach or spit deposits, as well as modern marine tidal sandbanks and sandwave deposits.

Load ratings and fatigue life prediction of rolling bearings is based on the Lundberg-Palmgren theory first published in Sweden in 1947. The basic equation of this theory includes the stressed volume of material in the bearing raceway subsurfaces as a major parameter. This volume of material is simplistically determined to have a nearly rectangular subsurface cross-sectional area bounded by the length of the maximum contact area ellipse and the depth at which the maximum failure-causing stress occurs. The latter stress is assumed to be effective over this area. In fact, a distribution of stress occurs, and in this investigation it is demonstrated that the subsurface volume with a potential for fatigue cracking is substantially different from that used by Lundberg and Palmgren. This difference in volume, particularly in the presence of surface shear stresses, can have a profound effect on the method and prediction of bearing fatigue lives.

Abstract. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a cost-effective way to fill in gaps between surface in situ observations and remotely sensed data from space. In this study, a novel portable CO2 measuring system suitable for operations on board small-sized UAVs has been developed and validated. It is based on a low-cost commercial nondispersive near-infrared (NDIR) CO2 sensor (Senseair AB, Sweden), with a total weight of 1058 g, including batteries. The system performs in situ measurements autonomously, allowing for its integration into various platforms. Accuracy and linearity tests in the lab showed that the precision remains within ± 1 ppm (1σ) at 1 Hz. Corrections due to temperature and pressure changes were applied following environmental chamber experiments. The accuracy of the system in the field was validated against a reference instrument (Picarro, USA) on board a piloted aircraft and it was found to be ± 2 ppm (1σ) at 1 Hz and ± 1 ppm (1σ) at 1 min. Due to its fast response, the system has the capacity to measure CO2 mole fraction changes at 1 Hz, thus allowing the monitoring of CO2 emission plumes and of the characteristics of their spatial and temporal distribution. Details of the measurement system and field implementations are described to support future UAV platform applications for atmospheric trace gas measurements.

Numerous studies in urban resilience have been published in the past decade. However, only a few publications have tracked the evolution trends of urban resilience research, the findings of which can serve as a useful guide for scholars to foresee worth-effort research areas and make the best use of precious time and resources. In order to fill the research gap, this study performed a scientometric analysis on the evolution trends of urban resilience research using a versatile software package-CiteSpace. The scientomentric analysis focuses on distribution of lead authors and their institutions, high frequency categories and keywords, high influential journals, author contribution, and evolutionary trends based on co-author analysis, co-word analysis, co-citation analysis and cluster analysis of documents. This study discoveries that first, the U.S., England, Australia, Canada, China and Sweden are the countries that make the most significant contributions in the advancement of urban resilience research; second, the existing urban resilience research focuses primarily on environmental studies, geography and planning development; third, hot topics of the urban resilience research keep shifting from 1993 to 2016; fourth, the knowledge body of urban resilience research consists of five clusters: resilience exploratory analysis, disaster resilience, urban resilience, urban resilience practice, and social-ecological systems; last, the emerging trends in urban resilience research include defining urban resilience, adaptation model, case studies, analytical methods and urban social-ecological systems, resulting in cutting-edge research areas in urban resilience.

This article approaches the subject of German film policy in Sweden during World War II from a new perspective. While several film scholars have mapped the connections between the German and Swedish film industries in the past, less is known about the German surveillance of Swedish film criticism, Swedish cinema audiences and Allied newsreel competitors. Drawing on previously overlooked archival material from the German film company Ufa’s Swedish subsidiary, digital newspaper archives and previous research on German film strategies abroad, this article offers new insights into the ways Ufa monitored the film market in neutral Sweden.

Abstract In this article, we explore the enduring barriers to gender equality in the Nordic film industry, with a focus on positions of power and structural biases. Despite considerable efforts over the past decades to highlight gender inequality – resulting in more women in creative positions in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland – a significant gap remains. Our analysis of 1,070 films produced and released theatrically between 2010 and 2020 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden shows men dominating directing, writing, and producing roles in 75 per cent of the cases, with women slightly more present in producing. The study finds a negative correlation between the dominance of men in producing roles and the presence of women in directing and writing roles. Factors such as the size of the creative team and co-production had less impact on the proportion of women in key creative positions than expected, whereas a higher proportion of women in managerial roles is linked to an increased presence of women in positions of directing (Sweden) and writing (Finland). These results indicate that while some progress has been made, structural barriers still significantly hinder gender equality in the industry.

With an area of 450 000 km2, Sweden is one of the largest countries in Western Europe. It is 1500 km from north to south. It has nearly 9 million inhabitants (20 per km2). It is a constitutional, hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary government. Sweden is highly dependent on international trade to maintain its high productivity and good living standards. Many public services are provided by Sweden's 289 municipalities and 21 county councils. Municipal responsibilities include schools, child care and care of the elderly, as well as social support for people with a chronic mental illness. The county councils are mainly responsible for healthcare, including psychiatric care, and public transport at the regional level. Sweden is characterised by an even distribution of incomes and wealth. This is partly a result of the comparatively large role of the public sector.

The current research aims to study the curricula in Sweden according to the distribution of academic stages in general education. The research reviewed in the board specifications of the geographical location and population density of the State of Sweden and then the researcher provided a description of the stages of study and distribution through all the elements of the curriculum of goals, content, teachers, teaching methods and tests, the researcher reviewed Sweden's experience of the comprehensive school and its history and stages of development in order to benefit from the Swedish experience in education within the public education curricula in Iraq The researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals at the end of the research.

Abstract The article deals with the extradition of Baltic soldiers from Sweden in 1946 as represented in Per Olov Enquist’s novel The Legionnaires: A Documentary Novel (Legionärerna. En roman om baltutlämningen, 1968) and Johan Bergenstråhle’s film A Baltic Tragedy (Baltutlämningen. En film om ett politiskt beslut Sverige 1945, Sweden, 1970). The theoretical framework is taken from trauma studies and its equivalent within film studies, where trauma is seen as a repeated occurrence of a past event. In this regard, literature and moving images become the means of reaching the traumatic event, a way to relive it. What separates the extradition of the Baltic soldiers from other traumas, such as the Holocaust, is that it functions as a guilt complex related to the failure to prevent the tragedy, which is connected to Sweden’s position of neutrality during World War II and the appeasement of all the warring nations. It is argued that this is a collective trauma created by Enquist’s novel, which blew it into national proportions. However, Bergenstråhle’s film changes the focus of the trauma by downplaying the bad conscience of the Swedes. In this way, the film aims to create new witnesses to the extradition affair. The analysis looks at the reception of both the novel and film in order to explain the two different approaches to the historical event, as well as the two different time periods in which they were produced. The authors argue that the two years that separate the appearance of the novel and the film explain the swing undergone by the political mood of the late 1960s towards a deflated revolution of the early 1970s, when the film arrived on screens nationwide. However, in terms of creating witnesses to the traumatic event, the book and film manage to stir public opinion to the extent that the trauma changes from being slowly effacing to being collectively ‘experienced’ through remembrance. The paradox is that, while the novel still functions as a vivid reminder of the painful aftermath caused by Swedish neutrality during World War II, the film is almost completely forgotten today. The film’s mode of attacking the viewers with an I-witness account, the juxtaposition and misconduct led to a rejection of the narrative by Swedish audiences.

Abstract Ingmar Bergman’s film Skammen [Shame] (1968), about a married couple trapped between the warring parties in a bloody civil war, triggered fierce ideological debate in Sweden. According to the harsh critics of the film, among whom the leading critic was well-known author Sara Lidman, Bergman had managed to create propaganda for the American government and its controversial war in Vietnam. In the present paper, the debate is studied historically in relation to ongoing research about the culture of the late 1960s in Sweden. The studied material consists of press clippings, Bergman scholarship, and Bergman’s own recently released papers at the Ingmar Bergman Foundation Archive in Stockholm. Furthermore, questions about meaning and interpretation regarding film viewing are dealt with, taking into consideration developments in contemporary film theory.

Film project is a temporary organization that uses outsourcing to acquire it resources. This study aims to investigate how Malaysian film productions mobilize its network in pre-production stage. The objectives are to find out the main components in pre-production and factors that create network between the production and components. In Sweden it is found out that the factors creating network in film pre-production stage are Attractive Script, Established Network, Mentor, and Proficiency. 10 random Malaysian film producers are selected for qualitative interviews. It is found out that the factors creating network in Malaysian film pre-production are Strategic Script, Proficiency, Established network, and Internet. It is suggested that further research is carried out to develop a Strategic Script to penetrate Indonesian film market.

Abstract The aim of the study is to analyse the development of the Baltic film distribution markets and to provide new recommendations for its potential growth based on mission economy approach and bigger role of the states in co-creating and co-shaping the markets especially for the Baltic co-production of films and their distribution. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data extraction and analysis. Firstly, descriptive statistics as a method was used to analyse the market shares of the main film distribution companies in Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian film industries. Furthermore, 5 semi-structured interviews with experts from the Baltic film industries were conducted. As a result of the research, the author concludes that there is a potential in family genre films that are produced in the Baltic States, but in general the Baltic co-production films lack quality, storytelling that would arouse the interest of the audience and potentially new regional film fund “Baltic Film and TV Fund” would have to focus not only on increased financing for co-productions, but also on other measures that would help to produce better quality genre films including co-productions and their distribution.

IntroductionPlant dispersal directly depends on reproduction success, and hence, on sexual systems. In bryophytes, wherein fertilization involves a continuous film of water between male and female sexual organs, reproduction in unisexual species involves the sympatric distribution of male and female sex-expressing individuals. Here, we determine whether these conditions are controlled by the environment. In particular, we test the hypotheses that (i) sex-expressing males and females exhibit different ecological niches and (ii) environmental variation drives sex expression, sporophyte formation, and hence, dispersal capacities.MethodsWe scored 1,080 specimens of the unisexual moss Abietinella abietina across Sweden as non-sex expressing, expressing female or male, or sporophytic. We tested whether reproductive stages were related to latitude. Topography and climatic conditions at 1-km resolution were employed to measure niche overlap between (i) sex-expressing and non-expressing and (ii) male and female specimens. We finally modelled sex expression and sporophyte production depending on these topo-climatic predictors.ResultsAmong the 63% of reproductive samples across the entire latitudinal gradient, females outnumbered males by a factor 5.6, and 8% of the female samples bore sporophytes. Although the distribution of the sexes was not explained by topo-climatic variables, the probability of sex-expressing samples being male increased with latitude. It resulted in a higher regional sex ratio in the North than in southern regions. Successful sexual reproduction, in terms of sporophyte occurrence, was confined to central Sweden. It was predicted by intermediate to increasing precipitation seasonality and intermediate temperature values.DiscussionDespite a high level of sex-expression, and no significant differences of niche preference between males and females, sporophyte occurrences were rare. Our results suggest that sporophyte formation was determined by mate availability and macro-climatic conditions, the latter possibly affecting fertilization success. We further infer that environmental conditions at the pre-zygotic stage have lower than expected effects on the overall distribution of this moss. Modelling environmental data at higher resolution, smaller scale and expanding geographic coverage to include more sporophyte occurrences, and comparing genetic diversity in sporophytic with non-sporophytic populations, are future lines of this research.

The studies presented in this paper focus on analyzing how the combined thrust-journal bearing (commonly called combi-bearing) influences the dynamics of hydropower rotors. Thrust bearing is a component used in vertical rotating machinery and shafts designed to transmit thrust. The total axial load is carried by the single thrust bearing. Any design, manufacture, or assembly error in this component (thrust bearing) would certainly influence the functionality of the entire machine. The analyzed combi-bearing is an existing machine component used in the hydropower unit Porjus U9 situated in northern Sweden. This combi-bearing is a fluid-film lubricated tilting-pad thrust and journal bearings combined together. Only linear fluid-film stiffness was taken into account in the model while fluid-film damping and pads inertia effects were not taken into account. The linearized model shows that the combi-bearing couples the rotor’s lateral and angular motions. However, if the thrust bearing’s pads arrangement is not symmetrical or if all the pads are not angularly equidistant the rotor axial and angular motions are also coupled. This last case of coupling will also occur if the thrust bearing equivalent total stiffness is not evenly distributed over the thrust bearing. A defective pad or unequal hydrodynamic pressure distribution on the pads’ surfaces may be the cause. The Porjus U9’s simulation results show that the combi-bearing influences the dynamic behavior of the machine. The rotor motions’ coupling due to combi-bearing changes the system’s natural frequencies and vibration modes.

From an interview with “Mr A”, executive producer and co-creator of the Getaway in Stockholm (GiS) films: Mr A: Yeah, when I tell my girlfriend, ‘You should watch this, it’s good, it’s a classic, it’s an old movie’ and she thinks it’s, like, the worst. And when I actually look at it and it is the worst, it is just a car chase … [Laughs] But you have to look a lot harder, to how it is filmed, you have to learn … Because, you can’t watch car racing for instance, because they are lousy at filming; you get no sensation of speed. If you watch the World Rally Championship it looks like they go two miles an hour. The hardest thing [of the whole thing] is capturing the speed … I want to engage with the notion of “speed” in terms of the necessary affects of automobility, but first I will give some brief background information on the Getaway in Stockholm series of films. Most of the information on the films is derived from the interview with Mr A carried out over dinner in Stockholm, October 2004. Contact was made via e-mail and I organised with the editors of Autosalon Magazine for an edited transcription to be published as an incentive to participate in the interview. Mr A’s “Tarantino-style” name is necessary because the films he makes with Mr X (co-creator) and a small unnamed group of others involve filming highly illegal acts: one or two cars racing through the streets of Stockholm evading police at sustained speeds well over 200 km/h. Due to a quirk in Swedish traffic law, unless they are caught within a certain time frame of committing driving offences or they actually admit to the driving offences, then they cannot be charged. The Swedish police are so keen to capture these renegade film makers that when they appeared on Efterlyst (pron: ef-de-list; the equivalent of “Sweden’s Most Wanted”) instead of the normal toll-free 1-800 number that viewers could phone to give tips, the number on the screen was the direct line to the chief of Stockholm’s traffic unit. The original GiS film (2000) was made as a dare. Mr A and some friends had just watched Claude Lelouch’s 1976 film C’était un Rendez-vous. Rumour has it that Lelouch had a ten-minute film cartridge and had seen how a gyro stabilised camera worked on a recent film. He decided to make use of it with his Ferrari. He mounted the camera to the bonnet and raced through the streets of Paris. In typical Parisian style at the end of the short nine minute film the driver parks and jumps from the Ferrari to embrace a waiting woman for their “rendezvous”. Shortly after watching the film someone said to Mr A, “you don’t do that sort of thing in Stockholm”. Mr A and Mr X set out to prove him wrong. Nearly all the equipment used in the filming of the first GiS film was either borrowed or stolen. The Porsche used in the film (like all the cars in the films) was lent to them. The film equipment consisted of, in Mr A’s words, a “big ass” television broadcast camera and a smaller “lipstick” camera stolen from the set of the world’s first “interactive” reality TV show called The Bar. (The Bar followed a group of people who all lived together in an apartment and also worked together in a bar. The bar was a “real” bar and served actual customers.) The first film was made for fun, but after Mr A and his associates received several requests for copies they decided to ramp up production to commercial levels. Mr A has a “real job” working in advertising; making the GiS films once a year is his main job with his advertising job being on a self-employed, casual basis. As a production team it is a good example of amateurs becoming semi-professionals within the culture industries. The GiS production team distributes one film per year under the guise of being a “documentary” which allows them to escape the wrath of Swedish authorities due to further legal quirks. Although they still sell DVDs from their Website, the main source of income comes from the sale of the worldwide distribution rights to British “powersports” specialist media company Duke Video. Duke also sells a digitally remastered DVD version of Rendezvous on their Website. As well as these legitimate distribution methods, copies of all six GiS films and Rendezvous are available on the internet through various peer-to-peer file-sharing networks. Mr A says there isn’t much he can do about online file sharing besides asking people to support the franchise if they like the films by buying the DVDs. There are a number of groups making films for car enthusiast using similar guerilla film production methods. However, most of the films are one-offs or do not involve cars driven at such radical speeds. An exception was another Swedish film maker who called himself “Ghostrider” and who produced similar films using a motorbike. Police apprehended a man who they alleged is “Ghostrider” in mid-2004 within the requisite timeframe of an offence that had been allegedly committed. The GiS films alongside these others exist within the automotive cultural industry. The automotive cultural industry is a term I am using to describe the overlap between the automotive industry and the cultural industries of popular culture. The films tap in to a niche market of car enthusiasts. There are many different types of car enthusiasts, everything from petite-bourgeois vintage-car restorers to moral panic-inducing street racers. Obviously the GiS films are targeted more towards the street racing end of the spectrum, which is not surprising because Sweden has a very developed underground street racing scene. A good example is the Stockholm-based “Birka Cup”: a quasi-professional multi-round underground street-racing tournament with 60,000 SEK (approx. AUD$11,000) prize money. The rules and rankings for the tournament are found on the tournament Website. To give some indication of what goes on at these events a short teaser video clip for the 2003 Birka Cup DVD is also available for download from the Website. The GiS films have an element of the exotic European-Other about them, not only because of the street-racing pedigree exemplified by the Birka Cup and similar underground social institutions (such as another event for “import” street racers called the “Stockholm Open”), but because they capture an excess within European car culture normally associated with exotic supercars or the extravagant speeds of cars driven on German autobahns or Italian autostradas. For example, the phrase “European Styling” is often used in Australia to sell European designed “inner-city” cars, such as the GM Holden Barina, a.k.a. the Vauxhall Corsa or the Opel Corsa. Cars from other regional manufacturing zones often do not receive such a specific regional identification; for example, cars built in Asian countries are described as “fully imported” rather than “Asian styling”. Tom O’Dell has noted that dominant conception of automobility in Sweden is different to that of the US. That is, “automobility” needs to be qualified with a national or local context and I assume that other national contexts in Europe would equally be just as different. However, in non-European, mainly post-colonial contexts, such as Australia, the term “European” is an affectation signaling something special. On a different axis, “excess” is directly expressed in the way the police are “captured” in the GiS films. Throughout the GiS series there is a strongly antagonist relation to the police. The initial pre-commercial version of the first GiS film had NWA’s “Fuck the Police” playing over the opening credits. Subsequent commercially-released versions of the film had to change the opening title music due to copyright infringement issues. The “bonus footage” material of subsequent DVDs in the series represents the police as impotent and foolish. Mr A describes it as a kind of “prank” played on police. His rationale is that they live out the fantasy that “everyone” wishes they could do to the police when they are pulled over for speeding and the like; as he puts it, “flipping the bird and driving off”. The police are rendered foolish and captured on film, which is an inversion of the normative traffic-cop-versus-traffic-infringer power relation. Mr A specifies the excess of European modernity to something specific to automobility, which is the near-universal condition of urbanity in most developed nations. The antagonism between the GiS drivers and the police is figured as a duel. The speed of the car(s) obviously exceeds what is socially and legally acceptable and therefore places the drivers in direct conflict with police. The speed captured on film is in part a product of this tension and gives speed a qualitative cultural dimension beyond a simple notion from rectilinear physics of speed as a rate of motion. The qualitative dimension of speed as been noted by Peter Wollen: Speed is not simply thrilling in itself, once sufficiently accelerated, but also enables us to enter exposed and unfamiliar situations, far removed from the zones of safety and normality – to travel into space, for instance, beyond the frontiers of the known. (106) Knowledge is subsumed by the dialect of road safety: “safety” versus “speed”. Knowledge takes on many forms and it is here that speed gains its complexity. In the high-school physics of rectilinear motion speed refers to a rate. Mr A discusses speed as a sensation (“thrill” in the language of Wollen) in the quote at the beginning of the essay. If the body develops sensations from affects and percepts (Deleuze and Guattari 179-83), then what are the affects and percepts that are developed by the body into the sensation of speed? The catchphrase for the GiS films is “Reality Beats Fiction By Far!” The “reality” at stake here is not only the actuality of cars traveling at high speeds within urban spaces, which in the vernacular of automotive popular culture is more “real” than Hollywood representations, but the “reality” of automobilised bodies engaging with and “getting away” from the police. Important here is that the police serve as the symbolic representatives of the governmental institutions and authorities that regulate and discipline populations to be automobilised road users. The police are principally symbolic because one’s road-user body is policed, to a large degree, by one’s self; that is, by the perceptual apparatus that enables us to judge traffic’s rates of movement and gestures of negotiation that are indoctrinated into habit. We do this unthinkingly as part of everyday life. What I want to suggest is that the GiS films tap into the part of our respective bodily perceptual and affective configurations that allow us to exist as road users. To explain this I need to go on a brief detour through “traffic” and its relation to “speed”. Speed serves a functional role within automobilised societies. Contrary to the dominant line from the road safety industry, the “speed limit” we encounter everyday on the road is not so much a limit, but a guide for the self-organisation of traffic. To think the “speed limit” as a limit allows authorities to imagine a particular movement-based threshold of perception and action that bestows upon drivers the ability to negotiate the various everyday hazard-events that constitute the road environment. This is a negative way to look at traffic and is typical of the (post)modernist preoccupation with incorporating contingency (“the accident”) into behavioural protocol and technical design (Lyotard 65-8). It is not surprising that the road safety industry is an exemplary institution of what Gilles Deleuze called the “control society”. The business of the road safety industry is the perpetual modulation of road user populations in a paradoxical attempt to both capture (forecast and study) the social mechanics of the accident-event while postponing its actualisation. Another way to look at traffic is to understand it as a self-organising system. Ilya Prigogine and Robert Herman modeled vehicle traffic as two flows – collective and individual – as a function of the concentration and speed of vehicles. At a certain tipping point the concentration of traffic is such that individual mobility is subsumed by the collective. Speed plays an important role both in the abstract sense of a legislated “speed limit” and as the emergent consistency of mobile road users distributed in traffic. That is, automotive traffic does not move at a constant speed, but nominally moves at a consistent speed. The rate and rhythms of traffic have a consistency that we all must become familiar with to successfully negotiate the everyday system of automobility. For example, someone simply walking becomes a “pedestrian” in the duration of automobilised time-space. Pedestrians must embody a similar sense of the rate of traffic as that perceived by drivers in the cars that constitute traffic. The pedestrian uses this sense of speed when negotiating traffic so as to cross the road, while the driver uses it to maintain a safe distance from the car in front and so on. The shared sense of speed demands an affective complicity of road-user bodies to allow them to seamlessly incorporate themselves into the larger body of traffic on a number of different registers. When road users do not comply with this shared sense of speed that underpins traffic they are met with horn blasts, rude figure gestures, abuse, violence and so on. The affects of traffic are accelerated in the body and developed by the body into the sensations and emotions of “road rage”. Road users must performatively incorporate the necessary dispositions for participating with other road users in traffic otherwise they disrupt the affective script (“habits”) for the production of traffic. When I screened the first GiS film in a seminar in Sweden the room was filled with the sound of horrified gasps. Afterwards someone suggested to me that they (the Swedes) were more shocked than I (an Australian) about the film. Why? Is it because I am a “hoon”? We had all watched the same images heard the same sounds, yet, the “speeds” were not equal. They had experienced the streets in the film as a part of traffic. Their bodies knew just how slow the car was meant to be going. The film captured and transmitted the affects of a different automobilised body. Audiences follow the driver “getting away” from those universally entrusted (at least on a symbolic level) with the governance of traffic – the police – while, for a short period, becoming a new body that gets away from the “practiced perception” (Massumi 189) of habits that normatively enable the production of traffic. What is captured in the film – the event of the getaway – has the potential to develop in the body of the spectator as the sensation of “speed” and trigger a getaway of the body. Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the generous funding from the Centre for Cultural Research and the College of Arts, Education and Social Sciences, University of Western Sydney, in awarding me the 2004 CCR CAESS Postgraduate International Scholarship, and the support from my colleagues at the Advanced Cultural Studies Institute of Sweden where I carried out this research as a doctoral exchange student. References Deleuze, Gilles. “Postscript on Control Societies”. Negotiations. Trans. Martin Joughin. New York: Columbia UP, 1995. Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. What Is Philosophy? Trans. Graham Burchill and Hugh Tomlinson. London: Verso, 1994. Getaway in Stockholm series. 21 Oct. 2005 http://www.getawayinstockholm.com>. Lyotard, Jean François. The Inhuman: Reflections on Time. Trans. Geoffrey Bennington and Rachel Bowlby. Stanford, California: Stanford UP, 1991. Massumi, Brian. “Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation”. Post-Contemporary Interventions. Eds. Stanley Fish and Fredric Jameson. Durham, London: Duke UP, 2002. O’Dell, Tom. “Raggare and the Panic of Mobility: Modernity and Everyday Life in Sweden.” Car Culture. Ed. Daniel Miller. Oxford: Berg, 2001. 105-32. Prigogine, Ilya, and Robert Herman. “A Two-Fluid Approach to Town Traffic.” Science 204 (1979): 148-51. Wollen, Peter. “Speed and the Cinema.” New Left Review 16 (2002): 105–14. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Fuller, Glen. "The Getaway." M/C Journal 8.6 (2005). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0512/07-fuller.php>. APA Style Fuller, G. (Dec. 2005) "The Getaway," M/C Journal, 8(6). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0512/07-fuller.php>.

IntroductionDespite the importance of national-level public health agencies in times of a pandemic, there is limited comparative understanding of their must-have and forgotten pandemic-related communication topics.MethodsTo fill this gap in the literature, this article presents an analysis of COVID-related communication topics by national-level health agencies in Italy, Sweden, and the United States using the IDEA (Internalization, Distribution, Explanation, Action) model on crisis message framing. The public health agencies included in the study are the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità; ISS), the Public Health Agency of Sweden (Folkhälsomyndigheten), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US.ResultsBased on these agencies' Twitter posts (n = 856) in the first 3 months of the pandemic, the article reveals a greater attention paid to action oriented (e.g., disease prevention) and explanatory messages (e.g., disease trends) than to distribution (e.g., transmission) and internalizing messages (e.g., risk factors) in all three countries. The study also highlights differences in terms of referrals to other communication channels and communication topics, especially in terms of these agencies' emphasis on individual risk factors (related to the risk of a person suffering from serious COVID-19-related health consequences) and social risk factors (related to the chance of an individual to become infected with COVID-19 because of the social context).DiscussionThe study's findings call for better incorporation of information that is directly relevant to the receivers (internalizing messages) by public health agencies.

Abstract Background Continuously high rates of overdose deaths in Sweden led to the decision by the Skåne County to initiate the first regional take-home naloxone program in Sweden. The project aims to study the effect of overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution on overdose mortality in Skåne County. Secondary outcome measures include non-fatal overdoses and overdose-related harm in the general population, as well as cohort-specific effects in study participants regarding overdoses, mortality and retention in naloxone program. Methods Implementation of a multi-site train-the-trainer cascade model was launched in June 2018. Twenty four facilities, including opioid substitution treatment units, needle exchange programs and in-patient addiction units were included for the first line of start-up, aspiring to reach a majority of individuals at-risk within the first 6 months. Serving as self-sufficient naloxone hubs, these units provide training, naloxone distribution and study recruitment. During 3 years, questionnaires are obtained from initial training, follow up, every sixth month, and upon refill. Estimated sample size is 2000 subjects. Naloxone distribution rates are reported, by each unit, every 6 months. Medical diagnoses, toxicological raw data and data on mortality and cause of death will be collected from national and regional registers, both for included naloxone recipients and for the general population. Data on vital status and treatment needs will be collected from registers of emergency and prehospital care. Discussion Despite a growing body of literature on naloxone distribution, studies on population effect on mortality are scarce. Most previous studies and reports have been uncontrolled, thus not being able to link naloxone distribution to survival, in relation to a comparison period. As Swedish registers present the opportunity to monitor individuals and entire populations over time, conditions for conducting systematic follow-ups in the Swedish population are good, serving the opportunity to study the impact of large scale overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution and thus fill the knowledge gap. Trial registration Naloxone Treatment in Skåne County - Effect on Drug-related Mortality and Overdose-related Complications, NCT 03570099, registered on 26 June 2018.

Introduction: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in Sweden. However, we lack detailed knowledge on the socioeconomic and demographic distribution of antidepressant use in the population. To fill this gap, we performed an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy. Methods: Analysing all Swedish residents older than 10 years ( n=8,190,990), we measured the absolute risk of antidepressant use across 144 intersectional strata defined by combinations of age, gender, income, country of birth and psychiatric diagnosis. We calculated the strata-specific absolute risk of antidepressant use in a series of multilevel logistic regression models. By means of the variance partitioning coefficient and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, we quantified the discriminatory accuracy of the intersectional contexts (i.e. strata) for discerning those who use antidepressants from those who do not. Results: The absolute risk of antidepressant use ranged between 0.93% and 24.78% among those without a psychiatric diagnosis, and between 21.41% and 77.56% among those with a psychiatric diagnosis. Both the variance partitioning coefficient of 41.88% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 were considerable. Conclusions: Besides overt psychiatric diagnoses, our study shows that antidepressant use is mainly conditioned by age, which might express the embodiment of socioeconomic conditions across the individual life course. Our analysis provides a detailed and highly discriminatory mapping of the heterogeneous distribution of antidepressant use in the Swedish population, which may be useful in public health management.

PurposeUsing a sample of 250 Tunisian companies, this paper aims to assess the joint audit mission quality in Tunisia.Design/methodology/approachThe present work aimed at investigating the determining factors of the joint audit quality.FindingsA total of nine essential determining factors were predictably identified: length of service, experience, size asymmetry between the joint auditors, complexity, governance, expertise, information and communications technology use, profitability and staff qualification. However, results show that specialization, satisfaction, the supply of services other than audit, work distribution, leverage as well as size have a positive but non-significant correlation with the joint audit quality, which may be due to the Tunisian context.Originality/valueMany previous works have been conducted on joint audit in France (Haak et al., 2018), Denmark (Lesage et al., 2017), Germany (Velte and Azibi, 2015), Sweden (Zerni et al., 2012) and Italy (Bianchi et al., 2019). However, to the authors’ knowledge, the Tunisian context is still under-studied and, thus, the objective was to fill this gap in the literature b.y examining the determinants of the quality of joint audit in Tunisia.

Abstract The lack of a cohesive health and social care is a well-known problem of significance for ageing people in general and frail older people in particular. Responsibility for organising and conducting social care and healthcare for the elderly rests on different principals in different countries but difficulties with organisational coordination and collaboration between professions and authorities in social care and healthcare is an extensive concern worldwide. Regardless of the distribution of responsibilities, collaboration and coordination structures are complex and often lead to problems. However, the gap in the coordination between different organisations and the collaboration between professions, implying that frail older people with major care needs still living in their own homes are pinched, has received hardly any recognition. By closely following an implementation project focused on teamwork in order to improve collaboration and coordination between social care and healthcare, the purpose of this article is to fill this gap with the help of an example from Sweden. Data consisted of event diaries, observations, focus groups, structured questionnaires and interviews. Findings showed that multi-professional teams certainly were established, but did not work or last. Among the obstacles found the most prominent features were the various professions’ own organisations, territorial thinking and rivalries. The whole idea of the initiative to achieve a cohesive healthcare and social care for ageing frail older people fell through. By letting this happen, not only did the project hinder the development of better practice in serving older adults, but also cemented the problematic structures it was intended to dissolve.

It remains unclear to what extent yearly weather variation and spatial variation in microclimate influences the outcome of interacting plant-animal species and whether responses differ between life stages. We collected data over several years on 46 ha on File Hajdar, Gotland, Sweden, and executed a complete mapping of larva nests (n = 776) and imago (n = 5,952) of the marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia and its host plant Succisa pratensis. The phenology of the butterflies and the major nectar plants visited varied among years. The duration of the adult flight period decreased with increasing ambient air temperatures. The density of butterflies, host plants, and host plant leaf size increased between years with increasing precipitation in the preceding year, and decreased with increasing average ambient air temperature in the preceding year. In 2021–2022 we deployed a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a high-resolution thermal sensor to measure spatial variation in surface temperatures in the study area. We found that survival from the egg to the larva stage increased with increasing surface temperature and host plant density. Host plants and larva nests generally occupied warmer microhabitats compared to imago butterflies. The results further suggested that the relationships linking surface temperature to the densities of imago, larva, host plants, and leaf size differed qualitatively between years. In 2017, larva nests and host plant density increased with increasing surface temperatures, and butterflies showed a non-linear response with a density peak at intermediate temperatures. As a result of the extreme drought in 2018 there was a reduction in maximum leaf size, and in the densities of plants, larvae, and butterflies. Moreover, the slopes of the relationships linking the density of larvae, butterflies, and plants to temperature shifted from linear positive to negative or curvilinear. Our findings demonstrate how yearly weather variation and heterogeneous surface temperatures can drive the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics of butterflies and their host plants. The context specificity of the responses indicated by our results makes it challenging to project how climate change will affect the dynamics of ecological communities.

Background: The hypothesis that a high income inequality on a societal level is associated with poor healthoutcomes has been both rejected and accepted in empirical studies. Whether the influence of economiccircumstances on health operates at the individual level or societal level has important implications on policyand intervention alternatives. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between incomeinequality and mortality in Swedish municipalities and if the relationship varies depending on the meanincome or on the time-lag between income inequality and mortality.Methods: The study was based on register data on mean income and income inequality (Gini coefficients)from Statistics Sweden 1982 and 1998, aggregated on the municipality level. Data on age-standardised deathrates per 100,000 persons were obtained for 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2002. The analysis on 1998 was atest of the robustness of the results.Results: The relationship between high income inequality in 1982 and mortality in 1983 was negative with asimilar relationship in 1998. Using latency periods, the results show a decreasing trend of mortality in relationto higher Gini coefficients. A positive relationship between Gini and mean income implies that municipalitieswith larger income distribution also had a higher mean income and vice versa.Conclusions: High income inequality does not have a negative effect on mortality in Swedish municipalities.The municipalities with high income inequality have also high mean income as opposed to many othercountries. The income level seems to be more substantial for mortality than the income inequality.

The aim of this article is to convey the history, practices and central discourses of film education in Sweden. The first part takes the pioneering efforts, dating back to 1908, as a starting point for describing the development of nationwide school cinema, financed by public funding and coordinated by the Swedish Film Institute. As I will argue, film education in Sweden is primarily used as a tool for fostering democratic citizens. The second part of the article discusses the main discourses of this film education model – that is, what constitutes this democratic citizen – and how these are conveyed. An analysis of film study guides produced by the Swedish Film Institute between 1988 and 2018 demonstrates that the main aim of what could be referred to as the Swedish model is to foster the basic principles of human rights as defined by the United Nations, and that this is achieved in a very convincing manner.

Abstract There is a need for cross national border exchange of experience by sharing best practices for monitoring and reporting on public health with a sustained driving force, to ensure that evidence-based approaches are continuously improving and informing best practices for reducing inequality and inequity gaps. By doing this, the emerging field of evidence based public health programming, covering different aspects of inequalities and unequal distribution of determinants of health, is improved. The workshop intends to introduce a global and intercontinental collaborative approach to jointly identify necessary tools and understand the mechanisms of monitoring and reporting on public health, to combat health inequalities. The workshop will encourage the building of practical culture and community of public health professionals to share lessons, evidence and best practices. It will also enable the support of ongoing assessment, communication of gaps in health that are emerging and caused by barriers at different levels of societies. There is need for an increased understanding of the emerging public health threats in contexts, such as increasing inequalities in health and social determinants of health, climate change disasters, disease outbreaks, influx of migration and political popularism threatening evidence informed decision making and policies. Despite being high-income countries with universal health coverage Australia, Canada and Sweden share similar public health challenges. The interactive workshop intends to contribute to an exchange of experiences from countries that are geographically located far from each other with differently organized health systems but united with a common agenda to act on health inequalities. The exchange of shared knowledge and experiences between the participating countries will shed light and focus on functionality of public health monitoring and reporting mechanisms and tools used in the above-mentioned countries. This will be a way of identifying areas of improvement in addressing inequality gaps. Evidence based interventions in public health depend on solid monitoring, analysis and reporting frameworks. With continuous changes in the public health environment, improvements on what and how public health is analysed is needed to identify existing gaps. To further address equity, with a focus on vulnerable groups for improved public health, solid public health monitoring and reporting mechanisms are vital to supporting credible advocacy and policy actions. Key messages Monitoring and reporting health and social determinants of health are imperative ingredients of decision-making. A joint approach to use monitoring tools to improve global public health is needed. Countries geographically located far from each other, with differently organized health systems but similar public health challenges are united with a common agenda to act on health inequalities.

Three practitioners – a film-maker, a photographer and a film curator, all working in higher education, teaching film production, photography and film studies – discuss their reflections on co-convening a decolonising pedagogy workshop–conference hosted in May 2019 at HDK-Valand, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. They draw from their unique geographical positions – South Africa, Sweden and the UK respectively – to reflect on the nuances and differences of how race and subjectivity shape classroom interactions with the curriculum, and the institutional challenges in developing transformational pedagogy practices. The conversation uses as its impetus this shared experience of co-convening and facilitating the ‘Decolonising pedagogy: Exploring processes in image-making’ workshop–conference, and leads to discussion of broader issues of historical conditions and the geopolitical contexts that have determined the subsequent impact and outcomes in their different universities.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pythium tracheiphilum Matta. Hosts: Lactuca sativa, Spinacea oleracea. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, England, NORTH AMERICA, USA.