Thematische Bibliographien / Fire wall

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fire wall“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fire wall"

Jin, Zhao-Fen, Yutaka Asako, Yoshiyuki Yamaguchi, and Minoru Harada. "Numerical Modeling of Fire Walls to Simulate Fire Resistance Test." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 3 (1998): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824334.

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A fire wall is made of a mortar wall in which water storage materials are mixed. However, the mortar fire wall is relatively heavy. A nonorganic insulator for middle and high-temperature ranges such as a calcium silicate board is expected as a good material for the fire wall because of a light weight. Usually, a nonorganic insulator such as the calcium silicate board consists of a hydrate which contains free water, physically adsorbed water, and crystalline water. Behavior of such waters should be considered for a numerical model which is used to predict thermal responses of a fire wall. A sim

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Suntharalingam, Thadshajini, Irindu Upasiri, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, et al. "Fire resistance of 3D printed concrete composite wall panels exposed to various fire scenarios." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 12, no. 3 (2021): 377–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-10-2020-0029.

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Purpose Fire safety of a building is becoming a prominent consideration due to the recent fire accidents and the consequences in terms of loss of life and property damage. ISO 834 standard fire test regulation and simulation cannot be applied to assess the fire performance of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) walls as the real fire time-temperature curves could be more severe, compared to standard fire curve, in terms of the maximum temperature and the time to reach that maximum temperature. Therefore, this paper aims to describe an investigation on the fire performance of 3DPC composite wall panels

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I. D. Bennetts and K. M. Moinuddin. "Aspects of the Design of Fire-Resistant Plasterboard Walls in Fire." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 6 (January 1, 2006): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.656.

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This paper gives the detailed results of a series of fire tests on plasterboard fire-resistant wall construction where that construction was penetrated by steel elements simulating the presence of penetrating purlins or rafters. The tests were conducted to investigate the temperatures experienced by such penetrating elements on the unexposed side of the wall and within the wall itself. The aim of the experiments was to investigate fire spread due to the temperature rise of penetrating elements and whether protection of such elements on each side of the wall is necessary. The experimental work

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Shen, Wanyu, Jian Wang, Siyong Tan, Xuehui Wang, and Tao Wang. "A Numerical Study of the Fire Resistance of Square Steel Tube Columns Embedded in Walls." Fire 8, no. 4 (2025): 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8040122.

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Square steel tube (SST) columns are widely applied, and fire resistance is a critical issue in its design. Current research on the fire resistance of the SST column predominantly assumes that it is uniformly exposed to fire, ignoring the thermal insulation of the surrounding walls under actual fire conditions. The heat transfer and mechanical finite element model (FEM) for SST columns embedded in walls under an ISO 834 standard fire are established in this study, and the accuracy of the FEM is verified by existing experimental results. Subsequently, the wall effect on the temperature distribut

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Keerthan, Poologanathan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Thermal Performance of Load Bearing Cold-formed Steel Walls under Fire Conditions using Numerical Studies." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 3 (2014): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.3.261.

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Cold-formed Light gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall systems are increasingly used in low-rise and multi-storey buildings and hence their fire safety has become important in the design of buildings. A composite LSF wall panel system was developed recently, where a thin insulation was sandwiched between two plasterboards to improve the fire performance of LSF walls. Many experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of non-load bearing LSF wall under standard conditions. However, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate the fire performanc

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Zhu, Meichun, Jiangang Li, Ying Wang, and Fanqin Meng. "Experimental Study on Fire Resistance of Phase Change Energy Storage Concrete Partition Walls." Fire 8, no. 4 (2025): 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8040128.

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Phase change material (PCM) concrete walls represent a new type of energy storage wall. It is of great significance to study the fire resistance of PCM concrete walls to ensure the safety of these kinds of components in service. For this reason, fire resistance tests on eight PCM concrete partition wall specimens under the conditions of the ISO-834 standard fire curve were carried out. The tested wall structures included a solid wall and a double-layer wall with an air gap. The PCM used was paraffin phase change microcapsules, which were replaced with a fine aggregate according to the principl

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Yuen, A. C. Y., G. H. Yeoh, R. K. K. Yuen, S. M. Lo, and T. Chen. "Development of Wall-Adapting Local Eddy Viscosity Model for Study of Fire Dynamics in a Large Compartment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1579.

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The Wall Adpating Local Eddy Viscosity (WALE) subgrid-scale turbulence model was adopted for an in-house large eddy simulation (LES) fire code in which the turbulence is fully coupled combustion and radiation models. The traditional Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model accounts only strain rate of the turbulent structure while the WALE model considers both the strain and the rotation rates. Furthermore, the WALE model automatically recovers the near wall-scaling for the eddy viscosity hence more adaptive for wall bounded flows.A 15 m long test hall fire was reconstructed by the in-house fire code w

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Bellová, Maria. "Fire Walls Made from Concrete and Masonry - Barriers against a Fire Spreading." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.408.

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Fire exposure of a construction represents an accidental load (temporary with a high intensity) and it´s appearance during service life of the construction is improbable. All structural eurocodes, which deal with the normal temperature (20°C) design of structures made from loadbearing materials (steel, steel and concrete composite, concrete, masonry and timber), include always Part 1-2: Structural fire design. Concrete, similar to the masonry, has (in comparison with other construction materials such as steel and timber), an excellent resistance against fire exposure. This is why both of these

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Suherman, Aan. "Fire Search and Obstcale Avoidance Robot." Telekontran : Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Kendali dan Elektronika Terapan 3, no. 2 (2015): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/telekontran.v3i2.1881.

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Abstract - Fire search and obstacle avoidance robot are types of mobile robots that can find targets in the form of fire by tracing walls. For this robot, the navigation system uses navigation using walls. Navigation using walls is an algorithm to guide robots by navigating along walls. This system works by adjusting the distance from the wall to the robot. If a change occurs, the robot moves to adjust the distance again. This robot consists of several main components to support it when navigating through walls to reach the target. This robot consists of a flame sensor placed on the front that

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Lin, Edmond C. Y., and J. R. Mehaffey. "Modeling the Fire Resistance of Wood-Frame Office Buildings." Journal of Fire Sciences 15, no. 4 (1997): 308–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419701500403.

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A fire safety engineering analysis has been undertaken to deter mine the fire resistance of gypsum protected wood stud walls in six simulated of fice fire scenarios. Each scenario consists of an office-furnishing fire in an unsprinklered compartment with windows shut and doors closed at the initiation of fire. Employing three computer models, CFAST 2.0, BREAK 1, and WALL 2D, temperature throughout the compartment of fire origin, heat transfer from the fire to the walls, and the structural degradation of the walls are calculated. The times to failure of the windows and the doors are also calcul

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Fire wall"

Monson, Elizabeth Ida. "Simulations of Controlled Fires Using the One-Dimensional Turbulence Model with Application to Fire Spread in Wildland Fires." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3163.

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The mechanism of flame propagation in fuel beds of wildland fires is important to understand and quantify fire spread rates. Fires spread by radiative and convective heating and often require direct flame contact to achieve ignition. The flame interface in an advancing fire is unsteady and turbulent, making study of intermittent flames in complex fuels difficult. This thesis applies the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model to a study of flame propagation by simulating a lab-scale fire representative of the flame interface in a fuel bed and incorporating solid fuel particles into the ODT code

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Ariyanayagam, Anthony Deloge. "Fire performance and design of light gauge steel frame wall systems exposed to realistic design fires." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/62034/1/Anthony%20Deloge_Ariyanayagam_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis has investigated the fire performance and design of light gauge cold-formed steel frame walls under realistic fires which occur in modern buildings. It examined the appropriateness of using the standard fire curve to represent the modern building fires in full scale laboratory tests and developed suitable realistic design fire curves. Experimental and numerical studies of light gauge steel frame walls using realistic fires led to the verification of existing fire design rules based on Australian and International standards and the development of simplified fire design rules. This r

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Magarabooshanam, Harikrishnan. "Fire performance of complex light gauge steel framed wall systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205877/1/Harikrishnan_Magarabooshanam_Thesis.pdf.

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Gnanachelvam, Sayilacksha. "Fire and energy performance of cold-formed steel frame wall systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201471/1/Sayilacksha_Gnanachelvam_Thesis.pdf.

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This research investigated the fire and energy performance of cold-formed light-gauge steel-framed (LSF) wall configurations and proposed suitable methods to improve their combined fire and energy performance through the incorporation of (1) appropriate fire-resistive and energy-efficient building materials and (2) modifications to the arrangement or configurations of walls. This research has advanced the current knowledge of both fire and energy performance of LSF walls, paving the way for the development and use of alternative materials and LSF wall configurations.

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Gunalan, Shanmuganathan. "Structural behaviour and design of cold-formed steel wall systems under fire conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49799/1/Shanmuganathan_Gunalan_Thesis.pdf.

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In recent times, light gauge steel framed (LSF) structures, such as cold-formed steel wall systems, are increasingly used, but without a full understanding of their fire performance. Traditionally the fire resistance rating of these load-bearing LSF wall systems is based on approximate prescriptive methods developed based on limited fire tests. Very often they are limited to standard wall configurations used by the industry. Increased fire rating is provided simply by adding more plasterboards to these walls. This is not an acceptable situation as it not only inhibits innovation and structural

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Kolarkar, Prakash Nagaraj. "Structural and thermal performance of cold-formed steel stud wall systems under fire conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46654/1/Prakash_Kolarkar_Thesis.pdf.

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Cold-formed steel stud walls are a major component of Light Steel Framing (LSF) building systems used in commercial, industrial and residential buildings. In the conventional LSF stud wall systems, thin steel studs are protected from fire by placing one or two layers of plasterboard on both sides with or without cavity insulation. However, there is very limited data about the structural and thermal performance of stud wall systems while past research showed contradicting results, for example, about the benefits of cavity insulation. This research was therefore conducted to improve the knowledg

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Dodangoda, Maneesha T. "Improving the fire resistance of cold-formed steel frame wall systems using enhanced plasterboards." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122456/1/Maneesha_Dodangoda_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis combines the knowledge of science and engineering to develop gypsum based plasterboards for enahnced fire resistance in conjuction with light gauge steel framed (LSF) wall systems. Thermo-physical property tests, fire tests, mechanical property tests and heat transfer numerical modelling were used as the main tools of this research. The thesis developed a new gypsum-based plasterboard with enhanced fire resistance using a locally mined filler material, diatomite, which can improve the Fire Resistance Levels of single and double plasterboard lined LSF wall systems significantly.

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Mohamed, Ibralebbe Mohamed Rusthi. "Experimental and finite element studies of light-gauge steel frame wall systems under fire conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/110725/1/Mohamed%20Rusthi_Mohamed%20Ibralebbe_Thesis.pdf.

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This research was conducted to advance the knowledge and understanding of the fire performance of light gauge steel frame wall systems through thermal property tests, full-scale fire tests of magnesium oxide board lined walls, 3-D uncoupled and coupled thermal-structural finite element analyses and design of walls with both unstiffened and web-stiffened channel stud sections. It has provided experimental and numerical data and improved finite element strategies and design methods to undertake structural fire design of light gauge steel frame wall systems.

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Kesawan, Sivakumar. "Fire performance and design of light gauge steel frame wall systems made of hollow flange sections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120153/1/Kesawan_Sivakumar_Thesis.pdf.

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Load bearing Light Gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall system is a cold-formed steel structure made of cold-formed steel studs and lined on both sides by gypsum plasterboards. In recent times its use and demand in the building industry has significantly increased due to their advantages such as light weight, acoustic performance, aesthetic quality of finished wall, ease of fabrication and rapid constructability. Fire Resistant Rating (FRR) of these walls is given more attention due to the increasing number and severity of fire related accidents in residential buildings that have caused significant lo

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Shahbazian, Ashkan. "Simplified thermal and structural analysis methods for cold-formed thin-walled steel studs in wall panels exposed to fire from one side." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/simplified-thermal-and-structural-analysis-methods-for-coldformed-thinwalled-steel-studs-in-wall-panels-exposed-to-fire-from-one-side(6aec12ea-0d18-43a6-b594-0f7bc4adca1c).html.

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The advantages of cold-formed thin-walled steel studs are many and their applications in building constructions continue to grow. They are used as load-bearing members. An example is lightweight wall panel assemblies which consist of channel steel studs with gypsum plasterboard layers attached to the two flanges, often with interior insulation. At present, expensive fire tests or advanced numerical modelling methods are necessary in order to discover the fire resistance of such wall assemblies. For common practice this is not effective and a simplified method, suitable for use in daily design,

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Bücher zum Thema "Fire wall"

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Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Fire spread along the vertical corner wall. The Institute, 1997.

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Kulkarni, A. K. Vertical wall fire in a stratified atmosphere. Pennsylvania State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1987.

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Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Fire spread along the vertical corner wall. The Institute, 1997.

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Krawchuk, Michael J. The battle of Vimy Ridge: Wall of fire. Detselig Enterprises, 2009.

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White, Nathan, and Michael Delichatsios. Fire Hazards of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2898-9.

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Lee, B. T. Effect of wall and room surfaces on the rates of heat, smoke, and carbon monoxide production in a park lodging bedroom fire. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Lee, B. T. Effect of wall and room surfaces on the rates of heat, smoke, and carbon monoxide production in a park lodging bedroom fire. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1985.

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Cooper, Leonard Y. Ceiling jet-driven wall flows in compartment fires. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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Cooper, Leonard Y. Ceiling jet-driven wall flows in compartment fires. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1987.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Fire wall"

White, Nathan, and Michael Delichatsios. "Fire Statistics." In Fire Hazards of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2898-9_4.

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Bala, Anu, Ashish Kumar Dash, Supratic Gupta, and Vasant Matsagar. "Behavior of Bamboo Wall Panel at Elevated Temperature." In Wood & Fire Safety. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_42.

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White, Nathan, and Michael Delichatsios. "Fire Incident Case-Studies." In Fire Hazards of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2898-9_5.

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Rusthi, Mohamed, Poologanathan Keerthan, Mahen Mahendran, and Anthony Deloge Ariyanayagam. "Thermal Performance of Magnesium Oxide Wall Board Using Numerical Modelling." In Fire Science and Technology 2015. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_68.

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Plaza, Nayomi Z., Laura E. Hasburgh, Lin Yang, and Nathan J. Bechle. "Nanostructural Cell Wall Changes Due to Thermal Degradation in Wood." In Wood & Fire Safety 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59177-8_1.

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Yasir, Muhammad, Kieran Ruane, and Vesna Jaksic. "Numerical Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Wall Panels Under Fire." In Wood & Fire Safety 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59177-8_4.

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White, Nathan, and Michael Delichatsios. "Existing Research and Mechanisms of Fire Spread." In Fire Hazards of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2898-9_3.

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Ward, V. Charles. "PAS 9980:2022 Fire Risk Appraisal of External Wall Construction and Cladding of Existing Blocks of Flats: Code of Practice." In Fire Safety Law. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003291893-4.

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White, Nathan, and Michael Delichatsios. "Combustible Exterior Wall Systems in Common Use." In Fire Hazards of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2898-9_2.

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Jochim, Stanislav, Linda Makovicka Osvaldova, and Martin Zachar. "Traditional Log Cabin – Exterior Log Wall – Fire Characteristics and Prediction Using Analysis of Thermos-Technical Properties." In Wood & Fire Safety. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41235-7_44.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Fire wall"

Daniel, P. L., L. D. Paul, and J. Barna. "Fire-Side Corrosion in Refuse-Fired Boilers." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87400.

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Abstract This paper reviews corrosive conditions in refuse-fired boilers and describes laboratory tests that define the relative corrosiveness of salts found in boiler deposits. Constituents of the salt mixtures tested include ZnCl2, PbCl2, FeCl2, NaCl, KC1, ZnSO4, PbSO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4. The corrosiveness of the salt mixtures was determined by measuring corrosion rates of carbon steel and 304 stainless steel at 500°F (260°C) and 1050°F (566°C). The tests were 720 hours long. The tests identified corrosive species and mechanisms that may be operative in refuse-fired boilers. At 1050°F (566°C

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Coello, Nicolas, Erica C. Fischer, Laura Hasburgh, David Barber, Kara Yedinak, and Ines Pitari. "FIRE BEHAVIOUR OF CLT FLOOR TO WALL CONNECTIONS: FINDINGS FROM THE WOODWISE PROJECT." In World Conference on Timber Engineering 2025. World Conference On Timber Engineering 2025, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52202/080513-0130.

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Fatriady, M. R., Rudy Djamaluddin, Muhammad Wihardi Tjaronge, and A. A. Amiruddin. "Properties of Composite Panel as Wall Structure for Housing." In The 6th International Symposium on Infrastructure Development. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-t5dm8u.

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As a country within the World Ring of Fire, Indonesia is a country prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes. As a result, casualties, damage to buildings and limited access to a number of isolated locations in remote areas. However, the handling of victims should not be slowed down. The development of civil engineering supports environmentally friendly behavior while creating building innovations from small mass materials that are able to reduce the weight of the building itself which has been a problem with the magnitude of the impact of earthquakes. The author conducted mechanical test

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Soe, Khin, and Mark Pulham. "Fire resistance level of lightweight fibre-reinforced magnesia composite refractory wall systems." In International Conference on Fire Safety Engineering Research and Practice. Science Technology and Management Crescent Australia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.71427/icfserp2024/34.

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Enhancing safety and comfort of the buildings provides people enjoyable quality life. Building materials and methods of construction are required to comply with the relevant standards. Fire is one of important hazards to be counted for sustaining safety environment, and fire resistance levels (FRL) of building materials and systems are specified in relevant building standards. Magnesia cement is indeed noncombustible and exhibits excellent fire resistance. Unlike conventional Portland Cement (OPC) products, magnesia based products can achieve similar results with lighter and thinner products i

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You, Shuhang, Cong Zuo, Yuanyuan Xiong, Yu Zhao, Yang Liu, and Peng Lin. "An Experimental Study on Self-extinction of Methanol Fire in Tunnels with Different Wall Surfaces." In 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfsfpe48751.2019.9055762.

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Alkurt, Fatih Özkan, Mehmet Bağmancı, Muharrem Karaaslan, et al. "Fire detection behind a wall by using microwave techniques." In TURKISH PHYSICAL SOCIETY 33RD INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CONGRESS (TPS33). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5025980.

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Xue, Kai, Qian Li, Chunguang Ren, et al. "Research on fire resistance performance of substation building wall." In Third International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Materials (ICOSM 2021), edited by Siting Chen and Pei Wang. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2619918.

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Park, Piljae, Sungdo Kim, and Bontae Koo. "A through-wall radar transceiver for fire-fighting operations." In 2022 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceic54506.2022.9748755.

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Smith, Hunter. "Protective Barrier Wall Response to Sequential Blast and Fire Events." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31115-ms.

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Abstract Blast and fire-resistant barrier walls are often required on offshore platforms to protect from accidental events. A wall structure designed for a probabilistic explosion event typically relies on inelastic response and plastic deformation to maintain a lightweight, efficient design. Design guides for such structures do not explicitly address how to account for the effects of interaction of blast and fire loading on structural performance and design acceptance criteria. If a wall assembly is required to provide rated fire and gas protection after an explosion event, it is generally as

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Shihn, Harmanjeet, and Paul E. DesJardin. "Near-Wall Modeling for Vertical Wall Fires Using One-Dimensional Turbulence." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59861.

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This paper presents the simulation of an idealized vertical wall fire using one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) modeling. Near wall gas-phase molecular processes of conduction, gas-phase and shoot reactions, and radiative heat transfer are treated exactly while the effects of turbulent mixing processes are modeled using ODT triplet mapping stirring events that allow the effects of turbulence-chemistry-radiation interactions to be examined. Transport equations for species and temperature are solved using an operator splitting algorithm method that employs a Crank-Nicholson scheme for diffusion/con

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Fire wall"

DiDomizio, Matthew, and Jonathan Butta. Measurement of Heat Transfer and Fire Damage Patterns on Walls for Fire Model Validation. UL Research Institutes, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hnkr9109.

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Fire models are presently employed by fire investigators to make predictions of fire dynamics within structures. Predictions include the evolution of gas temperatures and velocities, smoke movement, fire growth and spread, and thermal exposures to surrounding objects, such as walls. Heat flux varies spatially over exposed walls based on the complex thermal interactions within the fire environment, and is the driving factor for thermally induced fire damage. A fire model predicts the temperature and heat transfer through walls based on field predictions, such as radiative and convective heat fl

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Harkleroad, Margaret F. Fire properties database for textile wall coverings. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4065.

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Willi, Joseph, Keith Stakes, Jack Regan, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of Ventilation-Controlled Fires in L-Shaped Training Props. UL's Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mijj9867.

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Investigations of recent firefighter line of duty deaths caused by rapid fire progression have highlighted a deficiency in firefighters’ understanding of how certain tactics affect the fire dynamics of ventilation-controlled fires. Many fires are in a ventilation-limited, decay state by the time firefighters arrive at the scene, meaning that introducing additional ventilation to the environment has the potential to cause rapid and intense fire growth. To more effectively teach firefighters about the potential effects of ventilation on a compartment fire, ventilation-controlled fires should be

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Madrzykowski, aniel, Craig Weinschenk, and Joseph Willi. Exposing Fire Service Hose in a Flashover Chamber. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/tkog7594.

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At the request of the Fire Department City of New York (FDNY), UL’s Fire Safety Research Institute (FSRI) instrumented and documented a series of 12 thermal exposure hose experiments that were conducted in the burn compartment of an FDNY flashover simulator. The main objective of the experiments was to observe the performance of fire hoses exposed to the heat flux from flaming hot gas layer conditions above the hose. FDNY collected a variety of hose types that represented a cross section of commercially available materials and construction methods. The thermal exposures generated in the burn c

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Cooper, Leonard Y. The thermal response of gypsum-panelsteel-stud wall systems exposed to fire environments - a simulation for use in zone-type fire models. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6027.

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Cooper, Leonard Y. Fire-plume-generated ceiling jet characteristics and convective heat transfer to ceiling and wall surfaces in a two-layer zone-type fire environment:. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4705.

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Weinschenk, Craig, Daniel Madrzykowski, and Paul Courtney. Impact of Flashover Fire Conditions on Exposed Energized Electrical Cords and Cables. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hdmn5904.

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A set of experiments was conducted to expose different types of energized electrical cords for lamps, office equipment, and appliances to a developing room fire exposure. All of the cords were positioned on the floor and arranged in a manner to receive a similar thermal exposure. Six types of cords commonly used as power supply cords, extension cords, and as part of residential electrical wiring systems were chosen for the experiments. The non-metallic sheathed cables (NMB) typically found in residential electrical branch wiring were included to provide a link to previous research. The basic t

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Johnson, B. H. Fire barrier evaluation of the wall between spent nuclear fuel storage basins and reactor areas, 105KE and 105KW. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194962.

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Lee, B. T. Effect of wall and room surfaces on the rates of heat, smoke, and carbon monoxide production in a park lodging bedroom fire. National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-2998.

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McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.

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The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were re

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