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VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA, J. ANTONIO, ERICK TRIBOUILLIER-NAVAS, FREDY ARCHILA und MARIO ESTEBAN VÉLIZ-PÉREZ. „A conspectus of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) in Guatemala: novelties and conservation“. Phytotaxa 427, Nr. 4 (30.12.2019): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.4.1.
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Magnoliaceae of Guatemala are summarized, and two new Guatemalan species from Alta Verapaz are described and illustrated. Two Magnolia occurrence records are added to the flora of this country. Magnolia archilana is similar to M. hondurensis, but it differs from the latter in having glabrous terminal twigs, petioles, spathaceous bracts, peduncles and carpels, broadly obovate leaves, longer peduncles and larger sepals, outer petals and polyfollicles. Magnolia tribouillierana resembles M. montebelloensis but differs from the latter in lacking branches below five metres; in having glabrous twig internodes, spathaceous bracts and carpels, more numerous leaf veins per side, longer longest peduncular internode, abaxially yellowish sepals, fewer spathaceous bracts and more numerous carpels. A key to species and a distribution map of native Guatemalan magnolias is also provided. Data on diversity, endemism, ethnobotanical knowledge and conservation are also provided. Using the IUCN criteria, conservation status of M. archilana and M. tribouillierana are here assessed as endangered (En) and critically endangered (CR), respectively. Conservation actions are urgently needed for the six Guatemalan magnolias faced with extinction.
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Girón, Lidia M., Virginia Freire, Aida Alonzo und Armando Cáceres. „Ethnobotanical survey of the medicinal flora used by the Caribs of Guatemala“. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 34, Nr. 2-3 (September 1991): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90035-c.
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Archila Morales, Fredy L., Monika M. Lipińska und Dariusz L. Szlachetko. „Masdevallia × urbanae (Orchidaceae)—A New, Natural Hybrid between M. floribunda and M. tuerckheimii from Guatemala“. Diversity 13, Nr. 3 (02.03.2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030108.
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Masdevallia Ruiz. & Pav. in the broad concept comprises about 350 species distributed from southern Mexico to southern Brazil with the highest diversity in the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Until now, only six species have been found in Guatemala. While studying the diversity of the orchid flora in this megadiverse country, we came across plants that in terms of morphological characteristics, were intermediate between M. floribunda Lindl. and M. tuerckheimii Ames. All three taxa are pollinated by two so far undescribed species of Zygothrica fruit flies. In the presented work, we describe the new entity as a new natural hybrid. This is the first record of the hybridization within the genus Masdevallia from Guatemala.
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Mathiasen, R., C. Parks, J. Beatty und S. Sesnie. „First Report of Psittacanthus angustifolius on Pines in Mexico and Guatemala“. Plant Disease 84, Nr. 7 (Juli 2000): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.808d.
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The mistletoe Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt (Loranthaceae) is a common parasite of pines in Honduras (2). In March we observed this mistletoe parasitizing a pine that Farjon and Styles (1) have classified as Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry 4 km south of Jitotol, Chiapas, Mexico. The taxonomy of this host in Chiapas is controversial as Perry (3) classifies the Chiapas populations of this pine as Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai Martinez. We also observed P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa Schiede 4 km north of Jitotol. In addition, we found this mistletoe parasitizing Pinus maximinoi H. E. Moore approximately 15 km west of Ocosingo, Chiapas. In Guatemala, we observed P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa at several locations north and south of La Cumbre, Department Baja Verapaz. This mistletoe appears to be less common in Chiapas and Guatemala than it is in Honduras. We did not observe this mistletoe damaging its pine hosts in Mexico or Guatemala. This is the first report of P. angustifolius in both Mexico and Guatemala and the first report of this mistletoe on Pinus tecunumanii (or Pinus oocarpa var. ochoterenai). Specimens of P. angustifolius from the above pine hosts have been deposited at the Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. References: (1) A. Farjon and B. Styles. Pinus (Pinaceae), Flora Neotropica, Monogr. 75, New York Botanical Garden, 1997. (2) Mathiasen et al. Plant Dis. 84:203, 2000. (3) J. Perry. The Pines of Mexico and Central America, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1991
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HERRERA-CAMPOS, María De Los Ángeles, Robert LÜCKING, Rosa-Emilia PÉREZ, Álvaro CAMPOS, Paola Martínez COLÍN und Alexandrina Bárcenas PEÑA. „The foliicolous lichen flora of Mexico. V. Biogeographical affinities, altitudinal preferences, and an updated checklist of 293 species“. Lichenologist 36, Nr. 5 (September 2004): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282904014483.
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An inventory of foliicolous lichens in Mexican lowland and montane rainforest revealed a total of 288 species, 238 of which are new records for the country, raising the number of reported lichen species to c. 1800. Among the new records, there are 29 recently described species and four new records for the Neotropics and the Americas, while five taxa are for the first time reported for Central America. The 293 species now known from Mexico comprise nearly two-thirds pantropical to cosmopolitan or intercontinentally distributed taxa, whereas little more than one-third are Neotropical or American, and only 6% are potentially endemic to the country. A comparison with other lowland and montane rainforest sites in Guatemala, Costa Rica and Ecuador shows that on average lowland sites have twice as many species as montane sites. Also, the differentiation in species composition between lowland and montane sites within the same region is more pronounced (63–75% similarity) than that between adjacent regions (96–99% similarity for lowland sites and 83–87% similarity for montane sites). This means that altitudinal preferences affect species composition more strongly than geographical differentiation. The latter is a function of distance, however, while Mexican and Guatemalan lowland (montane) sites share 96% (83%) of the species, these values drop to 74% (72%) when comparing Mexico with Ecuador. Nevertheless, overall floristic similarity is very high, with the lowest value of 54% shared species found between Mexican lowland and Costa Rican montane forest.
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Navio, Teniente de. „CENTRO DE RESCATE DE TORTUGAS MARINAS DEL COMANDO NAVAL DEL PACÍFICO DE GUATEMALA“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, Nr. 1 (01.05.2008): 1035–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1035.
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RESUMEN El Comando Naval del Pacifico de la Marina de la Defensa Nacional de Guatemala, ha trabajado duro por mís de 15 años en conservar la flora y fauna marino costera de nuestro país; haciendo que se respeten las leyes nacionales e internacionales en salvar las especies marinas. Un claro caso es la Tortuga Marina, o Padama; como se conoce en el litoral del Pacifico de Guatemala. Nace, crece y se reproduce desde México y los países de Centroamérica; pero presenta varios problemas durante su periodo de vida, como lo son, los depredadores y personas que les gusta consumir los huevos, creyendo que son afrodisíacos para la potencia sexual. Por esta situación, el Comando Naval del Pacifico (antes Base Naval del Pacifico), como las personas de la región lo conocen; inicio el proyecto de conservar la tortuga marina. Este fue fundado en el año de 1990, recolectando los huevos de tortuga parlama y depositíndolos en un tor tugar io, para que; al tiempo que nacen los neonatos (aproximadamente de tres meses), se procede a liberarlos en la playa del comando naval.
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PAILLÈS, CHRISTINE, FLORENCE SYLVESTRE, JAIME ESCOBAR, ALAIN TONETTO, SYBILLE RUSTIG und JEAN-CHARLES MAZUR. „Cyclotella petenensis and Cyclotella cassandrae, two new fossil diatoms from Pleistocene sediments of Lake Petén-Itzá, Guatemala, Central America“. Phytotaxa 351, Nr. 4 (07.06.2018): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.4.1.
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While analyzing the fossil diatom flora in one of the longest paleolimnological records (core PI-6) from Lake Petén-Itzá, lowland Guatemala, we encountered Aulacoseira Thwaites, Cyclotella (Kützing) and Discostella (Cleve & Grunow) Houk & Klee species appearing successively in the record. Among them, two new species that are assigned to the genus Cyclotella are described herein. Cyclotella petenensis sp. nov. is characterised by a coarse striation marked by a shadow line and a tangentially undulate central area with an arc of central fultoportulae. Cyclotella cassandrae sp. nov. has an elliptically shaped valve, coarse striae and a scattered ring of central fultoportulae in the central area. Classification and differences to similar taxa in the genus Cyclotella are discussed.
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de Navio, Teniente. „CENTRO REGIONAL DE ENTRENAMIENTO DE RESPUESTA A DERRAMES DE HIDROCARBUROS EN EL MEDIO MARINO COSTERO GUATEMALA“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, Nr. 1 (01.05.2008): 1031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1031.
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RESUMEN Después de trabajar con las Brigadas de Respuesta a Derrames de Hidrocarburos en las zona de los Litorales Atlíntico y Pacifico de Guatemala, y el desarrollo de los Planes de Contingencia a nivel local; se presenta el Proyecto de crear un Centro Regional de entrenamiento en respuesta a los Derrames de Hidrocarburos en el medio Marino Costero, que seria importante para los países de Centroamérica y el Caribe. Este estaría ubicado en la zona del Caribe guatemalteco, en el Puerto de Santo Tomas de Castilla, Izabal; con la finalidad de capacitar y entrenar, a todas las personas que se desempeñen en esta írea. Otra importancia que tiene Centro América y el Caribe es por sus características geogríficas, que la convierten como írea de ecosistemas vulnerable en lo que se refiere a la conservación de la flora y fauna marino costero. Existen infinidad de proyectos para conservar el Golfo de Honduras, como actualmente se le conoce al írea marítima del Océano Atlíntico de los países de Belice, Guatemala y Honduras; pero, esta propuesta, unirí mís a todas las entidades privadas, del estado y del medio ambiente; en capacitar a todas las personas que participan en exportar petróleo o importar sus derivados por la vía marítima, y que tengan contacto con el mar.
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Lorence, David H. „Primer registro de Elaeagia (Rubiaceae) en México, con la descripción de una nueva especie, E. uxpanapensis“. Botanical Sciences, Nr. 45 (02.04.2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1299.
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Elaeagia Wedd., a genus of some 16 species belonging to the tribe Rondeletieae, is centered in South America with a single species known from Cuba. Two additional species occur in Central America, one of which, E. nitidifolia Dwyer, is known only from Panama. The other, E. auriculata Hemsl., extends as far north as Guatemala (Standley & Williams , 1975; Dwyer, 1980). Most members are large trees, some attaining 35 meters, although the Cuban species is said to be shrubby (Standley, 1921). All known species occur in montane forest at altitudes of 800 to 2 800 meters. Consequently, it was surprising to see material, apparently representing an undescribed species, from lowland tropical rain forest in SE Oaxaca and adjacent Veracruz in Mexico. However, Dr. Tom Wendt's collecting efforts towards a woody flora of the Uxpanapa Zone have yielded a number of range extensions for taxa previously known only from Central America or Chiapas. Significantly, this region lies at the northern limits of the area to be included in Flora Mesoamericana. An additional collection is known from montane forest at 1 100 m in northern Chiapas, a habitat more typical for the genus .
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O.O., Orlov, und Shevera M.V. „Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Oxalidaceae), a new ephemerophyte in the Ukrainian flora“. Chornomorski Botanical Journal 16, Nr. 4 (11.01.2021): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553x/2020-16-4-1.
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Data about floristic records of Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Cav.) J. Rose (Oxalis tetraphylla Cav.) (Oxalidaceae), a new alien species of Ukrainian flora were presented. Species has Central American origin, its primary area are covers Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Caribbean islands. Secondary area spreads on Europe, Asia and Australia. It was found in neighboring countries with Ukraine, including Russia and Belorussia. As a naturalized species it was tagged in some countries of Southern Europe. The main centers of species introduction in Ukraine are M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine, Acad. O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Botanical Garden of Oles’ Honchar Dnipro National University, Botanical Garden of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Botanical Garden of V.I. Vernadsky Taurian National University, Syretskyi dendrological park (Kyiv), private gardens and greenery managements in Kyiv and Kyiv Region, Odesa, Kamyanets-Podilskyi (Khmelnytskyi Region) and other regions of the country. Information about spontaneously distribution of the plants in Ukraine nowdays is absent. At the first time some escaped plants of the I. tetraphylla were recorded in 2019 near village Dovzhyk of Zhymomyr District of Zhytomyr Region. Some individuals grew in old pine forest margins near path. Plants successfully overwintered at 2019/2020 years. Taxonomical and morphological characteristics, chorological data (primary and secondary areas) and ecological peculiarities are presented. According to the time of immigration this species is kenophyte, according to the way of introduction – ergasiophyte and according to the degree of naturalization in Ukraine it is ephemerophyte. The species is mesotroph, mesophyte, scio-heliophyte. In conditions of Ukraine it blooms profusely but almost never forms seeds, and reproduces vegetatively – by daughter bulbs. The map of the species distribution (spontaneously and in culture) in Ukraine is presented. Keywords: alien species, Ionoxalis tetraphylla, floristic record, Ukraine
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O.O., Orlov, und Shevera M.V. „Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Oxalidaceae), a new ephemerophyte in the Ukrainian flora“. Chornomorski Botanical Journal 16, Nr. 4 (11.01.2021): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553x/2020-16-4-1.
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Data about floristic records of Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Cav.) J. Rose (Oxalis tetraphylla Cav.) (Oxalidaceae), a new alien species of Ukrainian flora were presented. Species has Central American origin, its primary area are covers Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Caribbean islands. Secondary area spreads on Europe, Asia and Australia. It was found in neighboring countries with Ukraine, including Russia and Belorussia. As a naturalized species it was tagged in some countries of Southern Europe. The main centers of species introduction in Ukraine are M.M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine, Acad. O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Botanical Garden of Oles’ Honchar Dnipro National University, Botanical Garden of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Botanical Garden of V.I. Vernadsky Taurian National University, Syretskyi dendrological park (Kyiv), private gardens and greenery managements in Kyiv and Kyiv Region, Odesa, Kamyanets-Podilskyi (Khmelnytskyi Region) and other regions of the country. Information about spontaneously distribution of the plants in Ukraine nowdays is absent. At the first time some escaped plants of the I. tetraphylla were recorded in 2019 near village Dovzhyk of Zhymomyr District of Zhytomyr Region. Some individuals grew in old pine forest margins near path. Plants successfully overwintered at 2019/2020 years. Taxonomical and morphological characteristics, chorological data (primary and secondary areas) and ecological peculiarities are presented. According to the time of immigration this species is kenophyte, according to the way of introduction – ergasiophyte and according to the degree of naturalization in Ukraine it is ephemerophyte. The species is mesotroph, mesophyte, scio-heliophyte. In conditions of Ukraine it blooms profusely but almost never forms seeds, and reproduces vegetatively – by daughter bulbs. The map of the species distribution (spontaneously and in culture) in Ukraine is presented. Keywords: alien species, Ionoxalis tetraphylla, floristic record, Ukraine
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Guerra-Gutiérrez, Augusto S. „Las plantas silvestres comestibles en un municipio del corredor seco de Guatemala“. Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud 4, Nr. 2 (28.12.2017): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63cts.v4i2.568.
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El propósito de esta investigación es documentar y visibilizar el contenido nutricional de las especies de flora silvestre que se desarollan en zonas de baja precipitación y con alto potencial para la alimentación humana. Las hambrunas en las zonas semiáridas son frecuentes, y algunas veces cíclicas. El corredor seco de Guatemala es una zona de baja precipitación, con escasa tecnología para la producción alimentaria y sensible a hambrunas. Esta investigación se realizó en el municipio San Juan Ermita, Chiquimula y su proposito es documentar la gastronomía local asociada a las especies en estudio, es una investigación con enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo. La metodología de trabajo comprende un análisis bibliográfico de fuentes científicas fiables y la sistematización de relatos orales de familias. Para ello se hace un muestreo a conveniencia de bola de nieve, se georreferencia el sitio donde se colecta la especie, se documentan datos ecológicos, se hace la sistematización taxonómica y se obtiene la composición bromatológica de las especies. El análisis de la especie Cnidoscolus acunitifolium (chatate o chaya) la más representativa del corredor seco, y con base a datos del Incap, indica que tiene importantes contenidos de Ca, proteina y vitamina C. La tradición oral mantiene conocimientos alimentarios prehispánicos de alto contenido nutricional, dicho conocimiento se refleja en la diversa alimentación maya. Este trabajo contiene recetas culinarias de plantas que se desarrollan sin prácticas agronómicas. Se presentan especies promisorias comestibles y estrategias para promover la alimentación sana y de bajo costo. Las siguientes son algunas de las especies típicas encontradas: Gliricidia sepium, Fernaldia pandurata, C. acunitifolium y Tanacetum parthenium.
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Solano, Rodolfo. „A taxonomic synopsis of the Mexican species of Acianthera (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) including a new species“. Phytotaxa 218, Nr. 1 (30.06.2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.1.3.
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Acianthera pollardiana is herein described as a new species based on specimens collected in Oaxaca, Mexico. Information concerning the distribution, habitat, phenology and conservation status for this taxon is provided. In addition, traits that distinguish this species from similar taxa are mentioned, and a line drawing, photograph, and a map of known localities are also shown. A taxonomic synopsis of Mexican Acianthera in which twenty species are accepted is also provided. Acianthera herrerae, whose presence has only previously been recorded in Guatemala, is here reported for first time for the Mexican flora. Acianthera javieri, A. markii, and A. martinezii are placed under the synonymy of A. angustisepala, A. tikalensis, and A. hondurensis, respectively. Moreover, an artificial key for Acianthera species is included in this synopsis and maps of known localities in Mexico are presented.
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MARTÍNEZ-CAMILO, RUBÉN, MIGUEL ÁNGEL PÉREZ-FARRERA und NAYELY MARTÍNEZ-MELÉNDEZ. „LISTADO DE PLANTAS ENDÉMICAS Y EN RIESGO DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA EL TRIUNFO, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO“. Botanical Sciences 90, Nr. 3 (25.10.2014): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.390.
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Se presenta una revisión de las especies de plantas vasculares y no vasculares endémicas y en riesgo de la Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo. A partir de un listado del inventario florístico que incluye 2,990 especies y 12,835 registros de herbario, se revisó la inclusión de especies en la Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010) y la Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza y se determinó su nivel de endemismo de acuerdo con su distribución geográfica. Se obtuvo un listado con 347 especies endémicas, de los cuales: 5.9% son endémicas a la reserva, 23.9% a Chiapas y 27.6% a Chiapas y Guatemala. De las 244 especies listadas en alguna categoría de riesgo, la norma oficial Mexicana refiere: 28 sujetas a protección, 36 amenazadas y 11 en peligro de extinción. La Lista Roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza reconoce: 29 especies casi amenazadas, 74 vulnerables, 63 en peligro y 16 en peligro crítico. El número de especies endémica y en riesgo representan 17% de la flora de la reserva y 4.2% de la flora de Chiapas. El bosque mesófilo de montaña fue el ecosistema con mayor número de especies en riesgo y endémicas. La Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo tiene una gran biodiversidad y protege un importante número de especies endémicas y en riesgo.
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Martínez Arévalo, José Vicente. „SUCESIÓN VEGETAL EN BORDES DE BOSQUES DE PINABETE (Abies guatemalensis Rehder) DEL OCCIDENTE DE GUATEMALA“. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 5, Nr. 23 (08.06.2018): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v5i23.342.
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Se estudió la sucesión vegetal circundante en parches de bosque de Abies guatemalensis en el occidente de Guatemala con el objetivo de reconocer las características de este proceso y su posible aplicación en restauración ecológica. El área de estudio se conformó por diez localidades que representaran cinco estadios distintos para analizarlos durante tres épocas del año. Los resultados arrojaron que conviven 85 especies de flora montana; el índice de diversidad alfa de Shannon (entropía) fue estadísticamente similar en todas las zonas y el índice de diversidad beta de Dice se consideró de mediano a bajo (0.7 a 0.95); el valor de importancia de Cottam indicó que hay codominancia de los taxa, ya que la mayoría presentó valores pequeños; la dinámica de la vegetación fue similar en todos los sitios y mostró patrones diferentes a los consignados en investigaciones realizadas en zonas agrícolas abandonadas. Se concluye que las condiciones ambientales y el régimen de disturbio imprimen propiedades especiales en la sucesión biológica y se observó un claro proceso de autosucesión, que se pudo explicar mejor en el espacio que en el tiempo y se constituyó por un mosaico de estadios alrededor de los núcleos de bosque de pinabete, de manera que la afectación del sitio (pastoreo de ovejas) provocó un disclímax, en cual cada fase es un estado semiestable que requiere fuerzas exógenas (como la intervención con fines de restauración ecológica) para cambiar a un estado superior.
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ORTIZ, ORLANDO O., THOMAS B. CROAT, ROBERT HORMELL und MARCO CEDEÑO-FONSECA. „Advances towards the completion of the Anthurium Flora of Central America (Araceae, Pothoideae): contribution of thirty-one new species from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama“. Phytotaxa 467, Nr. 1 (22.10.2020): 1–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.467.1.1.
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In the present paper, we include the description of 31 new species from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama (including one from the Panama-Colombia border), which are distributed in eight sections. The sections represented and the number of species per section are as follows: Andiphilum (two), Belolonchium (five), Calomystrium (five), Cardiolonchium (eight), Decurrentia (one), Pachyneurium (eight), Polyneurium (one) and Tetraspermium (one). Additionally, three Central American taxa are now considered to be distinct at the species level and are here elevated to specific rank; Anthurium arcuatum, A. fogdeniorum, and A. copense. Notes on habitat, conservation status, taxonomy and morphology are provided for each species as well as illustrations.
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Martínez Arévalo, José Vicente. „Los bosques de Abies guatemalensis Rehder de San Marcos, Guatemala: una oportunidad para su restauración ecológica“. Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud 3, Nr. 1 (23.08.2016): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63cts.v3i1.188.
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El pinabete, Abies guatemalensis Rehder, es una especie distribuida en las montañas altas de Guatemala. Según el Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (Conap), sus poblaciones se encuentran severamente fragmentadas. Por su rareza y fragmentación, esta especie se encuentra protegida por el Convenio sobre el Comercio Internacional de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora Silvestre (Cites), lo que pone en relieve la importancia de la recuperación de sus bosques para su debida conservación. El éxito de su establecimiento puede mejorase al sembrarla junto a plantas nodriza, que le ayudarían a sobrevivir a las condiciones secas del año y las heladas que se presentan en las zonas de mayor altitud del país durante los meses de noviembre a febrero. Este trabajo muestra las características físicas, químicas y de vegetación del área de tres bosques de pinabete (A. guatemalensis) de la parte alta de San Marcos. Además, presenta la propuesta de restauración ecológica estimulada simulando la sucesión vegetal del área. Se elaboraron mapas, y describieron tres bosques de pinabete y sus alrededores; se presenta el estudio de la composición química del suelo y la vegetación y su representación en diferentes etapas de sucesión vegetal. Además, se propone la recuperación de áreas alrededor de parches de bosque, consistente en establecer plantas arbustivas en lugares abiertos donde aún no hay; por su parte en aquellas áreas donde ya se encuentren arbustos, se propone utilizarlos como plantas nodriza para establecer árboles de varias especies buscando mantener biodiversidad de especies arbóreas.
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VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA, J. ANTONIO, MARIO ESTEBAN VÉLIZ-PÉREZ, ERICK TRIBOUILLIER-NAVAS und MIGUEL A. MUÑIZ-CASTRO. „Magnolia quetzal and Magnolia mayae, a new species and a new record, respectively, for the flora of Guatemala“. Phytotaxa 76, Nr. 1 (07.01.2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.76.1.1.
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Silva, Diego C., Tereza C. M. Pastore, Liz F. Soares, Filipe A. S. de Barros, Maria C. J. Bergo, Vera T. H. Coradin, Alexandre Bahia Gontijo, Mirna Herrera Sosa, Cesar Beltetón Chacón und Jez W. B. Braga. „Determination of the country of origin of true mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) wood in five Latin American countries using handheld NIR devices and multivariate data analysis“. Holzforschung 72, Nr. 7 (26.07.2018): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0160.
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AbstractA rapid and reliable identification of the country of origin of protected timbers is one of the measures for combating illegal logging. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophyllaKing) trees are distributed from Mexico to Bolivia and the Brazilian Amazon and are included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proven to be a promising technique for calibration based and rapid species identification. There are only a few studies concerning the origin determination of mahogany wood. The present study is dedicated to trace back mahogany wood from Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru by means of two different handheld NIR spectrometers. The spectra were obtained directly from the wood samples, and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares for discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed for data evaluation. The SIMCA model was efficient and 67–100% and 70–98% of the origins were identified based on the spectral ranges from 1595 to 2396 nm and 950 to 1650 nm, respectively. The best results were obtained by the PLS-DA approach, in which the efficiency rates (EFR) vary from 90 to 100% with both spectrometers. In summary, both instruments were highly effective and are suitable for preliminary identification of the country of origin for mahogany wood.
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Martínez-Camilo, Rubén, Nayely Martínez-Meléndez, Manuel Martínez-Meléndez, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera und Derio Antonio Jiménez-López. „Why continue with floristic checklists in Mexico? The case of the Tacaná-Boquerón Priority Terrestrial Region, in the Mexican State of Chiapas“. Botanical Sciences 97, Nr. 4 (19.12.2019): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2174.
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Background: Some regions of Mexico have been relatively well explored floristically and estimates of the vascular plant richness they contain have been obtained. However, there are still regions that require effort to obtain the most appropriate lists of flora possible that consider both systemization of the information and that benefit from recent botanical explorations.Questions: What is the species richness of vascular plants in the Tacaná-Boquerón Priority Terrestrial Region? What proportion of the species are endemic or included in risk categories?Study sites and dates: Tacaná-Boquerón Priority Terrestrial Region, Chiapas State, Mexico. This region is on the Guatemala border and covers an area of 57,400 ha. Between 1920 and 2015.Methods: A database of 14,487 vascular plant records was integrated. Two sources of information were compared: systematization of databases, and recent botanic expeditions.Results: We found 2,485 native species belonging to 185 families. Both data sources were complementary in order to obtain a more complete floristic checklist (systematization of database: 1,774 spp., recent botanic expeditions: 1,514 spp.). As novelties, we found three new species and seven new reports for Mexico. Approximately 14 % of the species documented are included in risk categories or are endemic to the study site.Conclusions: Our checklist is one of the largest in the region (Mexico and Central America) in terms of species count. Our study shows the importance of conducting botanical explorations to complement the information on vascular plant richness in relatively well-explored areas of Mexico.
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Vannini, Jay P. „Nearctic avian migrants in coffee plantations and forest fragments of south-western Guatemala“. Bird Conservation International 4, Nr. 2-3 (September 1994): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002781.
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SummaryHabitats at intermediate and upper elevations of the volcanic Cordillera of southwestern Guatemala harbour a diverse terrestrial vertebrate fauna that includes at least 423 avian species, 108 of which are known to be Nearctic migrants, and 43 of which are known or suspected to have both resident and long-distance migrant populations. During the course of floral and faunal inventories in a proposed Multiple Use Area in this region from 1987 through 1991, FIIT researchers collected or observed 254 avian species, of which 44 are regarded as Nearctic migrants and 26 are known or suspected to have both resident and long-distance migrant populations. Study sites included climax and selectively logged lower montane forest fragments, as well as subtropical agroecosystems. Data are presented to support the conclusion that a significantly higher percentage of resident avian species reported from this region in the literature continue to occupy these habitats than do species known to undertake cyclical longdistance migrations. Non-quantitative, historical reports of relative abundance of all Nearctic avian migrants in the region during the early and mid-twentieth century are compared with current status of these species. Threats to Nearctic avian migrants in the western Guatemalan highlands are discussed, and areas of future research for ornithologists working with this community in the region are proposed. Recommendations are made to preserve or improve habitats on wintering grounds and along migration routes considered to be of critical importance for the long-term survival of a number of threatened and vulnerable Nearctic avian migrants in Guatemala.
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Freire, Virginia, Mervin Pérez, Felipe Ramírez und María Victoria Ríos. „Hepatic flora of a Guatemalan cloud forest“. Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 35, Nr. 1 (31.12.2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/13487.
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Rahder, Micha. „Caring for Xate, caring for Xateros: NGO monitoring, livelihoods, and plant-human relations in Uaxactún, Guatemala“. Journal of Political Ecology 21, Nr. 1 (01.12.2014): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v21i1.21141.
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In Uaxactún, a community forest concession inside Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve, three species of xate palm, a non-timber forest product, are at the heart of quickly evolving webs of knowledge, identity, institutional alliances, and livelihoods. Xate palms are simultaneously the "daily beans" for the majority of Uaxactún residents, the object of intense study and regulation, a commodity marketable to international floral markets, a marker of local identity, and a ubiquitous part of the forest landscape. Now, as the result of a series of projects instituted by the conservation NGO, the Wildlife Conservation Society and other institutions, xate in Uaxactún is being transformed from a "natural", exploited part of the landscape to something to actively cuidar, or care for. NGO-driven dynamics of monitoring, study, and other external knowledge-making about the village are central to these ongoing shifts in xate-human relations, and to broader changes in local senses of place and identity. "Care" describes both material and affective relations, including practices and values that strive for a more liveable world without assuming an ultimate goal or a best solution. NGO projects that foster relations of care between villagers and xate palms are also a form of caring for villagers themselves, working as they do towards sustainable shared human/non-human futures. At the same time, however, these projects are "necessary but not sufficient" – caught in the problematic local scale, and failing to address deeper structural problems that keep Uaxactún residents dependent on precarious sources of income.Keywords: Guatemala, Maya Biosphere Reserve, NTFPs, NGOs, environmental knowledge, care
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Schuch, Ursula K., Leslie H. Fuchigami und Mike A. Nagzao. „EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON FLOWER INITIATION OF COFFEE“. HortScience 25, Nr. 9 (September 1990): 1071a—1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1071a.
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Floral initiation in coffee has been shown to be stimulated by short days in young plants, but the inductive stimulus for mature plants is still not clear. Experiments were conducted to determine whether floral initiation in immature and mature plants is promoted by short photoperiods, and delayed by long photoperiods. In a growth chamber study, 18-month-old coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Guatemalan) plants exposed to 8 hr photoperiods developed flower buds after 4 weeks, whereas no floral initiation was observed on the plants exposed to 16 hr photoperiods for ten weeks. Trees growing in the field were illuminated with incandescent light from midnight to 3:00 a.m. from July to December 1989. The control plants received no artificial light during the same time period. Night light interruption delayed flower initiation until the end of December on branches that were fully exposed to the light. On control trees, flower buds started to emerge at the beginning of November. These results indicate that in immature and mature coffee plants floral initiation is stimulated by short days, and delayed by long days.
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Welker, Cassiano Aimberê Dorneles, und Myriam Carolina Peichoto. „Considerations on the genus Schizachyrium (Poaceae–Andropogoneae) in Central America and West Indies, and confirmation of the occurrence of S. glaziovii“. Phytotaxa 201, Nr. 1 (25.02.2015): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.1.7.
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Schizachyrium (Poaceae–Andropogoneae) includes ca. 60 species, 10 of them previously cited for Central America and 13 for West Indies. The confirmation of the occurrence of Schizachyrium glaziovii in these regions is reported here, expanding its northern limit of distribution to Guatemala and Belize. The species was previously accepted only for South America. We provide a description of the species, a distribution map, and a key to distinguish it from S. microstachyum and S. condensatum, species whose circumscriptions are confused in floras of Central America and West Indies. Taxonomic comments, illustrations of the type materials and images of the three species are also provided. A revised synonymy of S. glaziovii is presented and a lectotype for Andropogon condensatus subsp. elongatus (a synonym of Schizachyrium glaziovii) is designated here.
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Adriano-Anaya, María de Lourdes, Edilma Pérez-Castillo, Miguel Salvador-Figueroa, Sonia Ruiz-González, Alfredo Vázquez-Ovando, Julieta Grajales-Conesa und Isidro Ovando-Medina. „Sex expression and floral diversity inJatropha curcas: a population study in its center of origin“. PeerJ 4 (24.05.2016): e2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2071.
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Sex expression and floral morphology studies are central to understand breeding behavior and to define the productive potential of plant genotypes. In particular, the new bioenergy cropJatropha curcasL. has been classified as a monoecious species. Nonetheless, there is no information about its reproductive diversity in the Mesoamerican region, which is considered its center of origin and diversification. Thus, we determined sex expression and floral morphology inJ. curcaspopulations from southern Mexico and Guatemala. Our results showed that most ofJ. curcasspecimens had typical inflorescences with separate sexes (monoecious); meanwhile, the rest were atypical (gynoecious, androecious, andromonoecious, androgynomonoecious). The most important variables to group these populations, based on a discriminant analysis, were: male flower diameter, female petal length and male nectary length. From southern Mexico “Guerrero” was the most diverse population, and “Centro” had the highest variability among the populations from Chiapas. A cluster analysis showed that the accessions from southern Mexico were grouped without showing any correlation with the geographical origin, while those accessions with atypical sexuality were grouped together. To answer the question of how informative are floral morphological traits compared to molecular markers, we perform a Mantel correlation test between the distance matrix generated in this study and the genetic distance matrix (AFLP) previously reported for the same accessions. We found significant correlation between data at the level of accessions. Our results contribute to design genetic improvement programs by using sexually and morphologically contrasting plants from the center of origin.
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Karlsson, Miriam Frida, Magali Proffit und Göran Birgersson. „Host-plant location by the Guatemalan potato moth Tecia solanivora is assisted by floral volatiles“. Chemoecology 27, Nr. 5 (29.08.2017): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-017-0244-2.
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Cacho, N. Ivalú, und Daniel José-Zacatula. „Geographic Patterns In Pollen Production In The Plant Ring Species Euphorbia tithymaloides In The Caribbean“. Systematic Botany 45, Nr. 4 (08.12.2020): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364420x16033962925321.
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Abstract—We examine investment in male function in the context of geography and floral morphology in the plant ring species Euphorbia tithymaloides, which colonized the Caribbean from Mexico/Guatemala along two fronts that roughly correspond to the Greater and the Lesser Antilles and that meet in the vicinity of the Anegada Passage. Our results on investment in pollen relative to ovule production are consistent with E. tithymaloides relying on pollinators for reproduction across its range in the Caribbean. We document a geographic pattern of reduction in anther number and pollen:ovule ratios in populations of E. tithymaloides towards the Anegada Passage, which is consistent with a possible geographic transition towards a mixed breeding system where selfing has increased importance in this area where its two expansion fronts meet. The reduction in pollen production is correlated with inflorescence morphology, which converges to relatively shorter cyathia towards the Anegada Passage along both fronts. We discuss alternative scenarios and potential drivers of the patterns we document.
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Carberry, PS, RC Muchow, R. Williams, JD Sturtz und RL McCown. „A simulation model of kenaf for assisting fibre industry planning in northern Australia. I. General introduction and phenological model“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, Nr. 7 (1992): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921501.
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The feasibility of utilizing kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a fibre crop and potential source of paper pulp is being investigated. This paper is the first in a series which develops and validates a simulation model of kenaf, and applies it to assessing the potential for dryland production in regions of tropical Australia. The duration from sowing to flowering is an important determinant of fibre yield in kenaf. Accordingly, the effect of temperature and photoperiod on the phenology of kenaf was examined. Data were collated from sowing-date experiments on kenaf cultivars Guatemala 4 and Everglades 71 at six locations in tropical Australia, ranging in latitude from 12� 54'S. to 19� 32'S. Data from one site, Kununurra, W.A. (15� 39'S.), was used to develop a model which described the duration from sowing to flowering in kenaf based on four stages: (1) sowing to emergence; (2) emergence to the end of the basic vegetative phase (BVP); (3) a photoperiod-induced phase (PIP) which ends at floral initiation; and (4) a flower development phase (FDP). Both kenaf cultivars responded as qualitative short-day plants where flowering did not occur above a critical photoperiod of 12.9 h. Assuming a base photoperiod of 12.0 h, the thermal time required to complete the BVP for the two cultivars was similar. However, photoperiod sensitivity during PIP, and the thermal time required for FDP, were greater for Guatemala 4 than for Everglades 71. Validation of the model against independently observed data for both cultivars at other sites resulted in close predictions in the thermal time required for flowering. This phenological model for kenaf can be used to assess the effect of sowing date on phenology at different locations in tropical environments, and is a key component of a crop growth simulation model to assess the environmental constraints to productivity in these regions.
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Espinosa-Matías, Silvia, Francisco Vergara-Silva, Sonia Vázquez-Santana, Eddy Martínez-Zurita und Judith Márquez-Guzmán. „Complex patterns of morphogenesis, embryology, and reproduction in Triuris brevistylis, a species of Triuridaceae (Pandanales) closely related to Lacandonia schismatica“. Botany 90, Nr. 11 (November 2012): 1133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-060.
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Triuris brevistylis Donn. Sm. (Triuridaceae: Pandanales), a mycoheterotrophic monocotyledon with populations in Mexico and Guatemala, is closely related to Lacandonia schismatica E. Martínez et C. H. Ramos, a triurid species displaying a peculiar “inside-out” arrangement in its reproductive axes. Triuris brevistylis is a polygamodioecious species in which four types of bisexual ramets–genets coexist besides regular (i.e., unisexual) male and female flowers. Here, we characterize the embryology of three of the following different types of reproductive axes in T. brevistylis: male and female flowers and a bisexual floral type in which stamens develop at the base of the receptacle of an otherwise female-looking flower. Through this embryological characterization, we have detected that cleistogamy, a mechanism previously considered exclusive to L. schismatica, occurs in the bisexual flowers. Besides serving as characters for the systematics of Triuridaceae and Pandanales, our data establish that morphogenetic and reproductive patterns in T. brevistylis are more complex than in L. schismatica. Therefore, we claim that our results contribute to a refined assessment of the controversy regarding morphological interpretation of reproductive axes in triurids.
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SOLÍS-FERNÁNDEZ, KAREN Z., ERICK A. AGUILERA-CAUICH, ROLANDO CIFUENTES-VELASQUEZ, HILDA FLORES-OLVERA, RUBÉN H. ANDUEZA-NOH und IVONNE SÁNCHEZ-DEL PINO. „High morphological diversity of Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae) and its putative wild ancestor revealed by pistillate floral characterization in the proposed domestication center of origin“. Phytotaxa 439, Nr. 3 (20.04.2020): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.4.
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Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) is a widespread genus that includes noxious weeds, economically important species for food, forage, medicinals and ornamentals. Three species of Amaranthus have been cultivated for their grain in the world, i.e. A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. cruentus. It has been postulated that A. cruentus was domesticated from the probable wild progenitor A. hybridus, and that the domestication event occurred between southern Mexico and Guatemala, the region where the Mayan civilization flourished. Morphological variation in this grain amaranth and its putative wild progenitor has been poorly documented, even though this area is a possible center of domestication of A. cruentus. Samples of A. cruentus, A. hybridus, hybrids between these two species and aberrant morphotypes collected were studied morphologically using multivariate statistical methods on pistillate floral characters to (1) assess the diversity of grain amaranth A. cruentus and its postulated wild progenitor A. hybridus in the proposed domestication center of origin, (2) test the hypothesis that some hybrids and aberrant morphotypes found in the region can be morphologically differentiated from A. hybridus and A. cruentus based on statistical analyses, and (3) test and review the diagnostic characters traditionally used for assessing species circumscription. Our results showed high morphological diversity for these two species in the study region, indicating differentiation of both species, apparently based primarily on hybridization. Morphological variants on flower, bract, sepal, seed, and fruit characters were significant for confirming and circumscribing species.
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Fernández Rodas, Francisco René, Guillermo Rosales Escribá und Sergio José Zuleta Mejía. „Odontometría y variantes morfológicas dentales en piezas dentarias del maya prehispánico del Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología de Guatemala (MUNAE)“. Revista Científica del Sistema de Estudios de Postgrado (SEP) 2, Nr. 01 (21.11.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36958/sep.v2i01.22.
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uatemala es conocida mundialmente por sus volcanes, lagos, flora y fauna, por sus colores, su cultura, sus tradiciones y por su gente amable y trabajadora; además de todo eso Guatemala tiene la dicha de ser llamada “La Cuna de la Civilización Maya”. Por todo lo descrito anteriormente, nace la inquietud de realizar un estudio que reúna por primera vez datos sobre variantes morfológicas y odontométricas de los dientes de la población maya del período prehispánico. En la presente investigación fueron estudiadas, analizadas y medidas todas las piezas dentales permanentes evaluables (apico-coronalmente), así como las variantes morfológicas tales como: diente en pala, enanismo radicular, tubérculo de carabelli, tubérculo sextum, etc., que se encontraron en la población maya estudiada. Para la elaboración de esta investigación se contó con el apoyo profesional del Dr. Guillermo Rosales Escribá, quien con su experiencia en el campo de la Morfología y Anatomía Dental aportó su conocimiento para poder completar este estudio, así como la colaboración de las autoridades y personal del “Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología de Guatemala (MUNAE)”, quienes prestaron las piezas dentales que se utilizaron para esta investigación. El MUNAE es una institución pública guatemalteca encargada de la conservación, investigación y difusión de los bienes arqueológicos y etnológicos, pertenecientes al Patrimonio
Cultural de la Nación de Guatemala
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Vicente Rivera, Luis Humberto, Angelita López Cruz, Blanca Nidia Vicente Rivera und Miguel Ángel Pérez Farrera. „Primer registro de Chiococca motleyana (Rubiaceae) para los bosques tropicales caducifolios de la Depresión Central de Chiapas, México“. Acta Botanica Mexicana, Nr. 126 (10.10.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1392.
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Antecedentes y Objetivos: En las últimas décadas, se han incrementado los estudios florísticos en las selvas secas, en donde reportan que este tipo de vegetación alberga una alta riqueza y endemismo, siendo a la vez uno de los más amenazados por el cambio de uso de suelo. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer un nuevo registro del género Chiococca para Chiapas, México.Métodos: En exploraciones botánicas realizadas en la Depresión Central de Chiapas se colectaron ejemplares de un miembro de la tribu Chiococceae de la familia Rubiaceae. Los ejemplares fueron identificados como Chiococca motleyana (basado en Asemnantha pubescens) mediante la revisión de literatura especializada y el apoyo de especialistas en la familia. Se examinaron ejemplares de herbarios locales y regionales, se consultaron además las bases de datos disponibles en línea, de herbarios extranjeros. Los ejemplares fueron depositados en el Herbario Eizi Matuda (HEM).Resultados clave: Haber encontrado a Chiococca motleyana en Chiapas demuestra las afinidades florísticas que existen entre Chiapas, Guatemala, Belice, y los estados que conforman la Península de Yucatán. Chiococca motleyana habita en parches de vegetación secundaria de bosque tropical caducifolio inmersos en una matriz de paisaje agrícola.Conclusiones: Los fragmentos de vegetación secundaria de bosque tropical caducifolio juegan un papel fundamental como reservorios de especies endémicas y de flora nativa de la región. Hace falta incrementar los esfuerzos de exploración botánica para completar el conocimiento de estos ecosistemas en riesgo.
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Zacarias-Correa, Ana Gabriela, Salvador Guzmán-Díaz und Emmanuel Pérez-Calix. „Taxonomía, distribución geográfica y ecológica del género Penstemon (Plantaginaceae) en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, México“. Acta Botanica Mexicana, Nr. 126 (24.01.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1428.
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Antecedentes y Objetivos: Penstemon es uno de los géneros más diversos de la familia Plantaginaceae con cerca de 283 especies distribuidas desde Alaska hasta Guatemala. Para México se citan al menos 50 especies; sin embargo, hasta la fecha se conoce muy poco sobre su taxonomía, distribución, diversidad y estado de conservación. Considerando la riqueza, composición y grado de endemismo de la flora de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, se piensa que es una región esencial para realizar un primer acercamiento sobre el conocimiento del género Penstemon en México.Métodos: Se analizaron los estudios florísticos de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, bases de datos en línea y los tratamientos taxonómicos de Penstemon; se revisaron los ejemplares del género depositados en 12 herbarios del centro de México y se evaluó el estado de conservación de sus especies. Además, se analizaron los patrones de distribución geográfica y ecológica de las especies de Penstemon en la provincia de estudio a través de un análisis biogeográfico cuantitativo.Resultados clave: Se documenta la presencia, y se analizan patrones de distribución, de nueve taxa de Penstemon para la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. Se enlistan los taxa encontrados, nombres válidos, sinonimias, descripciones morfológicas, estado de conservación y mapas de distribución.Conclusiones: Aunque no se localizó ningún taxón de Penstemon endémico de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana, es importante señalar que en esta provincia se concentra la mayor parte del área de distribución de cinco de los nueve taxa tratados. Además, se descubrió que la porción oriental de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana es la región donde se registra la mayor riqueza de especies del género de estudio.
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Burelo Ramos, Carlos Manuel, Doris Córdova Córdoba, Manuel Jesús Campos Díaz, Neil Ebeth Meled Morales-Rodríguez, William Álvarez-Jiménez, Nahúm Muñiz-Chavarría und Graciela Beauregard Solís. „Meliaceae (Sapindales): riqueza y distribución en el estado de Tabasco, México“. Acta Botanica Mexicana, Nr. 127 (17.08.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm127.2020.1741.
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Antecedentes y Objetivos: Con la finalidad de actualizar el listado de especies de Meliaceae en el estado de Tabasco bajo el sistema de clasificación actual, se completó una revisión taxonómica de la familia, como contribución al proyecto “Flora de Tabasco”. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión en herbarios estatales y nacionales de los ejemplares de las especies de la familia Meliaceae y se realizaron colectas en campo de 2015 a 2017 en vegetación secundaria y primaria del estado. El material colectado fue identificado por medio de claves taxonómicas y cotejado con material de herbario. También se consultaron los ejemplares tipo disponibles en JSTOR Global Plants. Se hizo una clave de identificación para las especies de la familia en Tabasco y un análisis de distribución por tipo de vegetación y datos ecológicos; así mismo se registran nombres comunes y se ilustran algunas de las especies. Resultados clave: La familia Meliaceae está representada por 11 especies en cuatro géneros nativos y dos especies en dos géneros introducidos. Se registran por primera vez dos especies para el estado. El género Trichilia es representado por siete especies, seguido de Guarea con dos. Los municipios con el mayor número de especies son Centro y Teapa con ocho especies cada uno y Balancán con siete. Conclusiones: Las Meliáceas nativas presentes en la zona de estudio representan 45.83% de las 24 especies nativas estimadas para la familia en México y están distribuidas principalmente en áreas de vegetación secundaria y manchones de selva en municipios serranos fronterizos con Chiapas y Guatemala.
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Cribb, Phillip. „The orchid collections and illustrations of Consul Friedrich C. Lehmann“. Lankesteriana 10, Nr. 2-3 (12.12.2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v10i2-3.18317.
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Paradise for an orchid collector is a trail that runs through rich orchid habitat. Preferably the trail should decrease in elevation from 3000 to 500 meters over a protracted distance, it should be in a high annual rainfall area with the rain distributed evenly throughout the year, it also should be in a region of extremely high biodiversity and very pronounced local endemism. The adjoining forests, cliffs and embankments would be festooned with the natural epiphytes and terrestrials of the zone. In the Western Hemisphere, prior to the development of roads and highways, such trails from the lowlands to the Andean highlands existed from northwestern Colombia to southern Ecuador and northern Peru and provided the means of communication for people traveling by foot or mule back. Each of those trails might have had more than 1,000 orchid species distributed along their length. Curiously, each trail may have had a very different species’ composition from the next closest trail. The mountains of this region were clothed in mature montane wet forest that appeared to provide very similar conditions from one locality to the next. Yet, careful analysis and comparison of the composition of the orchid flora of several parallel trails reveals a very low commonality of the species. Recent reports suggest that the highest orchid diversity on earth may be in this region. Many collectors visited the zone from the time of Humboldt and Bonpland, C. Mutis, Ruiz & Pavón and Juan Tafalla at the turn of the 18th century. A wave of horticultural collectors were sent out from Europe by the major plant nurseries up through the turn of the 19th century. Most of those collectors were Europe-based and did not remain in the rich regions for prolonged periods of time. Very few actually lived in the orchid-rich regions, partly because those areas were inhospitable climate-wise. By establishing his home near Popayan in southern Colombia, Friederich Carl Lehmann (1850-1903) lived in the midst of those orchid populations, but in quite agreeable climate. He married a local girl, Doña Maria Josefa Mosquera and established a family. He arrived in Colombia about 1876 and collected for about 28 years. That period coincided with the fashion of maintaining large orchid collections by the wealthy of Europe. Lehmann communicated with Professor H.G. Reichenbach f., the leading orchid taxonomist of the time, and after Reichenbach died in 1884, worked with Dr. F. Kraenzlin describing new species of orchids from Colombia and Ecuador. He also sent a large set of his collections to Kew, where many were identified by Robert A. Rolfe. Lehmann travelled by trail and by boat for much of western Colombia and Ecuador, and made a brief plant- collecting trip to Costa Rica and Guatemala. Between 1880 and 1902 he made 7 trips to Ecuador. On those trips he collected live orchids and shipped them to Europe to be sold in the great auction houses such as Hugh Low & Co., Steven’s salesroom and Sanders. The nurseries established the plants and sold them as soon as they flowered at substantial prices. Some were sent home to Popayan where he grew them on to flower. He prepared dry herbarium specimens (collection numbers exceeding 10,000). He also produced paintings of excellent quality of outstanding species. The majority of his paintings have been housed in the orchid herbarium at Kew. Unfortunately, other than for visiting scientists and the staff of Kew, they have not been available to the public. Most have not been published until now. Lehmann’s herbarium specimens were prepared in abundance so that he was able to sell sets to several of the major herbaria of Europe. The orchid specimen collections prepared by Lehmann in the Neotropics over a 25 year period have made a major contribution to the knowledge of the orchids of the region.