Zeitschriftenartikel: „Fome de jeu“

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Xiuqiong Yang, Xiuqiong Yang. „Financial Risk Assessment Model Based on Fuzzy Logic“. Journal of Electrical Systems 20, Nr. 1 (25.01.2024): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.676.

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In the rapidly evolving landscape of business operations, establishing a robust security domain prevention system in the Middle Office is of utmost importance. To achieve this, the integration of Choquet expectation-based methodologies offers a powerful approach. The Middle Office acts as a critical hub for various business processes, including risk management, compliance, and data protection. With the implementation of Choquet expectation theory, which encompasses the combination of multiple criteria and preferences, businesses can effectively assess and optimize their security domain prevention system. The establishment and optimization of a security domain prevention system based on Choquet’s expectations provide businesses with a comprehensive and tailored approach to protect their critical assets, maintain operational continuity, and safeguard sensitive data from emerging threats in the Middle Office environment. This paper constructed a Fuzzy Optimization Membership Estimation (FOME) for the computation of the feature vector. The proposed FOME model uses the Flemingo Optimization model for the evaluation of the feature vector in the business middle office. The FOME model effectively computes the Choquet expectation features for the analysis of the risk management of the feature vector in the middle office. Through the membership estimation with the FOME model, the model significantly computes the different attacks in the middle office. The analysis of the proposed FOME is evaluated for the conventional CICIDS dataset for the attack analysis. The simulation analysis stated that the proposed FOME model achieves a higher classification accuracy of 99.89% for attack detection.

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Sall, Babacar. „Les groupes problématiques, comme forme socialisée du besoin d’État“. Politique africaine 61, Nr. 1 (1996): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1996.5940.

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Certains groupes ne se constituent qu’autour d’un problème à résoudre et les groupes «problématiques» se distinguent d’autres collectifs par leur objet social qui leur donne une homogénéité au moins temporaire. Reposant sur une demande active, en quête de ressources le plus souvent détenues par l’État, ces groupes doivent se couler dans le jeu institutionnel. Faute d’un cadre juridique formel, c’est par l’usage sélectif du jeu politique légitime qu’ils peuvent mobiliser les acteurs étatiques et leurs ressources. Ces groupes deviennent ainsi des acteurs politiques à part entière, ce qui pose la question de leur visibilité dans une perspective revendicative, donc de leur insertion institutionnelle conçue à partir d’un modèle international dominant qui n’intègre que très faiblement les réalités locales. D’où la tendance réactive à se réfugier dans des micro-socialités et dans des entités parallèles à l’État au nom d’un idéal sectaire.

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Ferrari, Gianfranco. „Le droit dans la forme praxéologique du jeu“. Droit et société 17, Nr. 1 (1991): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/dreso.1991.1104.

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Opiela-Mrozik, Anna. „Jeu de sens, jeu de forme, ou les en(jeux) intertextuels de l’écriture de Sophie Divry“. Quêtes littéraires, Nr. 13 (30.12.2023): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ql.16871.

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L’article analyse différents aspects du jeu dans les romans de Sophie Divry, une romancière de l’actualité aux allures de militante. Son œuvre protéiforme développe l’idée de ludisme littéraire qui assure du plaisir à l’auteur et engage le lecteur tout en transmettant un message sur la société. Dans l’essai Rouvrir le roman, l’écrivaine propose de réinventer le genre romanesque au moyen de l’esprit de non-sérieux qui est un stimulant de la littérature. Fondée sur l’intertextualité, l’écriture de Divry renouvelle de façon originale des modèles connus comme celui de Madame Bovary (La condition pavillonnaire) ou de Robinson Crusoé (Trois fois la fin du monde). Les jeux narratifs conduisent la romancière à élaborer une écriture polyphonique. L’étude du roman Quand le diable sortit de la salle de bain démontre le lien entre le jeu et l’autoréflexivité et relève le potentiel du ludisme au niveau langagier, typographique et formel.

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Poche, Bernard. „Tout art est local - De l'art comme jeu sur la forme au territoire comme forme sociale“. Espaces et sociétés 69, Nr. 3 (1992): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/esp.1992.69.0055.

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Cadet, Isabelle. „L’intérêt social, concept à risques pour une nouvelle forme de gouvernance“. Management & Sciences Sociales N° 13, Nr. 2 (01.07.2012): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mss.013.0014.

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La recherche d’une définition du concept d’intérêt social, sociétal voire général est un jeu d’équilibriste. Elle dépend avant tout de la conception que l’on a des entreprises, contractuelle ou institutionnelle. Le débat juridique n’est pas clos : la crise économique, financière et sociale actuelle oblige à poser les jalons de nouvelles formes de gouvernance et à repenser la responsabilité d’entreprise selon ses finalités. La rencontre de ces thématiques contemporaines issues des sciences de gestion avec le monde du droit est donc incontournable. il y a même urgence car les conflits d’intérêts, dans un système d’autorégulation, virent toujours à la confusion ou la confiscation des pouvoirs.

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Goria, Stéphane, Cléo Boninsegna, Juliette Landon, Céline Frochot, Claire Vicentini, Camille Munck, Serge Mordon und Valentine Anne. „La communication sous forme d’un jeu de plateau pour partager des données et des ressentis d’experts à propos d’un nouveau traitement contre le cancer“. Recherches en Communication 49 (01.11.2019): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/rec.v49i49.52173.

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La conception de cartes à des fins de communication ou, de manière plus générale, la visualisation de données est un champ de recherches relativement ancien qui a subi de profonds changements au cours de ces dernières années. Si de nombreuses recherches y sont consacrées, très peu d’entre elles s’intéressent à une autre tendance forte du moment : l’emploi ou le détournement du jeu à des fins de communication. Ce papier traite de cette question en abordant le cas d’un support informationnel rappelant un jeu de stratégie sur plateau développé dans un but d’information à propos d’un nouveau procédé de lutte contre le cancer : la thérapie photodynamique.

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Lee, D. V., J. E. Bertram und R. J. Todhunter. „Acceleration and balance in trotting dogs“. Journal of Experimental Biology 202, Nr. 24 (15.12.1999): 3565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.24.3565.

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During quadrupedal trotting, diagonal pairs of limbs are set down in unison and exert forces on the ground simultaneously. Ground-reaction forces on individual limbs of trotting dogs were measured separately using a series of four force platforms. Vertical and fore-aft impulses were determined for each limb from the force/time recordings. When mean fore-aft acceleration of the body was zero in a given trotting step (steady state), the fraction of vertical impulse on the forelimb was equal to the fraction of body weight supported by the forelimbs during standing (approximately 60 %). When dogs accelerated or decelerated during a trotting step, the vertical impulse was redistributed to the hindlimb or forelimb, respectively. This redistribution of the vertical impulse is due to a moment exerted about the pitch axis of the body by fore-aft accelerating and decelerating forces. Vertical forces exerted by the forelimb and hindlimb resist this pitching moment, providing stability during fore-aft acceleration and deceleration.

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Ibata, Hélène. „Le street art selon Banksy : jeu, récupération et palimpseste“. Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 45, Nr. 1 (2012): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2012.1433.

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British artist Banksy’s recent international recognition has brought street art to the fore as a new form of visual communication, outside of regulated exhibition spaces and in dynamic interaction with urban life. This essay focuses on the aesthetic implications of Banksy’s work, by looking at his evolution from graffiti to stencils and installations, by examining his ambiguous relationship with the art establishment, and finally by underlining the significance of his playful interaction with contemporary environments. Banksy’s street art practice will be seen as ephemeral, palimpsestic, and purposefully challenging the ideal of permanence in the visual arts.

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Weise, Charles L. „Political Pressures on Monetary Policy During the US Great Inflation“. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 4, Nr. 2 (01.04.2012): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.4.2.33.

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Drawing on an analysis of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) documents, this paper argues that political pressures on the Federal Reserve were an important contributor to the rise in inflation in the United States in the 1970s. Members of the FOMC understood that a serious attempt to tackle inflation would generate opposition from Congress and the executive branch. Political considerations contributed to delays in monetary tightening, insufficiently aggressive anti-inflation policies, and the premature abandonment of attempts at disinflation. Empirical analysis verifies that references to the political environment at FOMC meetings are correlated with the stance of monetary policy during this period. (JEL D72, E32, E52, E58, N12)

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Agnoletti, M. F. „Script, forme de vie et jeu de langage dans une consultation de voyance“. European Review of Applied Psychology 56, Nr. 3 (September 2006): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2006.01.001.

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Trinchieri, Giorgio. „Type I interferon: friend or foe?“ Journal of Experimental Medicine 207, Nr. 10 (13.09.2010): 2053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101664.

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Although the role of type I interferon (IFN) in the protection against viral infections has been known and studied for decades, its role in other immunologically relevant scenarios, including bacterial infections, shock, autoimmunity, and cancer, is less well defined and potentially much more complicated.

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Clor-Proell, Shana M., Ryan D. Guggenmos und Kristina Rennekamp. „Mobile Devices and Investment News Apps: The Effects of Information Release, Push Notification, and the Fear of Missing Out“. Accounting Review 95, Nr. 5 (18.10.2019): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52625.

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ABSTRACT We examine how information dissemination via mobile device applications (apps) affects nonprofessional investors' judgments. In response to the prevalence of mobile device use, the media ungroups content into smaller pieces to accommodate users, and apps use push notifications to highlight this content. These changes increase users' ability to access investment information in real time, leaving some investors feeling as if they are missing out if they are not continuously connected. We validate a scale to capture investors' fear of missing out on investment information (I-FoMO) and document that I-FoMO is distinct from traditional FoMO that occurs in social settings. Then, using an experiment, we find that receiving ungrouped content via a mobile device has a greater effect on investment allocations in the presence, rather than absence, of push notifications. Further, we find that these results hold for higher, but not for lower, I-FoMO investors. JEL Classifications: G23; M41; M48; M49. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

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Morales-Jiménez, Camilo. „The Cyclical Behavior of Unemployment and Wages under Information Frictions“. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 14, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 301–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180404.

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I propose a new mechanism for sluggish wages based on workers’ noisy information about the state of the economy. Wages do not respond immediately to a positive aggregate shock because workers do not (yet) have enough information to demand higher wages. The model is robust to two major criticisms of existing theories of sluggish wages and volatile unemployment, namely, that wages are flexible for new hires and the flow opportunity cost of employment (FOCE) is pro-cyclicality. The model generates volatility in the labor market as well as wage and FOCE elasticities with respect to productivity, consistent with the data. (JEL E24, E32, J24, J31, J63)

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Walter, R. M., und D. R. Carrier. „Effects of fore-aft body mass distribution on acceleration in dogs“. Journal of Experimental Biology 214, Nr. 10 (27.04.2011): 1763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.054791.

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Maxmen, Amy. „Friend to the brain, foe to the spine“. Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, Nr. 11 (13.10.2008): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20511iti4.

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Lacore-Martin, Emmanuelle. „De la forme littéraire comme arme politique : l’effet-recueil dans la version française de la Detectio de George Buchanan“. Renaissance and Reformation 44, Nr. 1 (20.07.2021): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v44i1.37044.

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L’Histoire de Marie Royne d’Escosse constitue la dernière étape d’une trajectoire éditoriale complexe. Cette publication de 1572 contient la seule traduction en français de la Detectio, texte latin à charge écrit par George Buchanan dans le contexte de la déposition de la reine d’Ecosse entre 1567 et 1568, et augmenté au fil de ses éditions successives de pièces diverses, dont les fameux sonnets de la cassette, lettres-sonnets constituant une pièce maîtresse dans l’accusation d’adultère et de complicité d’assassinat à l’encontre de la souveraine. La présente étude montre que l’effet-recueil produit par l’adjonction des sonnets et d’autres documents au texte initial de la Detectio, opère un déplacement quant à la nature même du texte, du politique vers le littéraire, qui se trouve particulièrement renforcé, dans le contexte français, par un jeu d’échos intertextuels qui font apparaitre avec force le caractère éminemment littéraire de la production du texte de la Detectio.

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Hodžić-Čavkić, Azra. „Idiomske skupine u Mevludu Vehbije Hodžića. Utjecaj forme mevluda na sastav idiomskih skupina“. Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove biblioteke 30, Nr. 44 (31.12.2023): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51719/25663267.2023.30.44.217.

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Tradicija pisanja mevluda na bosanskom jeziku duga je više od stoljeća, ali je mevlud kao književni žanr najčešće ostao van okvira razmatranja filoloških istraživanja. To vrijedi i za frazeološka istraživanja, jer niti jedan mevlud nije bio izvorom za frazeološku građu konsultiranim rječnicima, što je dodatni signal da se lingvistička istraživanja posvete ovom književnom obliku u bosanskom jeziku. Mevlud kao takav posjeduje značajan broj idiomskih skupina iz razloga što izražava autentičnu sliku svijeta iskazanu vrijednosnim sudovima kolektiva, a sam mevlud baštini vrijednosni sud kolektiva s obzirom na temu koju obrađuje. Budući da forma mevluda ima svoja ograničenja jer je pisan u stihu, takva strukturalna odlika utjecala je na sastav i upotrebu idiomskih skupina. Stoga se ovaj rad bavi Hodžićevim Mevludom te ispituje u kakvom su odnosu njegov jedanaesterački stih i sastav idiomskih skupina. Analizirana građa potvrđuje da je odabrani mevlud bogat izvor frazeološke slike svijeta, ali i to da je autor svjesnim intervencijama utjecao na sastav dvije trećine upotrijebljenih idiomskih skupina. Te dvije trećine grupirane su prema vrsti intervencije na varijante idiomskih skupina i okazionalizme idiomskih skupina prema načinu na koji se intervenira, tj. prema dubini autorske korekcije osnovne slike idiomskih skupina iz uzualnih oblika zabilježenih u rječnicima.

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Memoli, Andrea. „Krimigracioni: drejt një forme të re diskriminimi?“ Optime 13, Nr. 2 (05.02.2022): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55312/op.v13i2.367.

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Punimi trajton temën e imigracionit nga pikëpamja e zbatimit të sanksioneve penale si një rezultat i shkeljes së rregullave që e qeverisin atë. Analiza fillon me demonstrimin e papërshtatshmërisë së sistemit të pritjes së migrantëve të përgatitur nga BashkimiEvropian (Rregullorja e Dublinit), me çështjet kritike që lidhen me efektivitetin e tij brenda sistemeve ligjore kombëtare dhe konfigurimin e një legjislacioni që nuk merr parasysh kapacitete të ndryshme organizative dhe ekonomike të shteteve. Më pas vijonme përcaktimin e fenomenit të krimit, duke u ndalur në përdorimin e masave shtrënguese, veçanërisht të ndalimit, duke vënë në pah përdorimin masiv dhe sistematik të tij. Teksti përqendrohet me kujdes në efektet negative të ndalimit, si dhe në kushtet e jetesës që u janë garantuar migrantëve gjatë periudhës së kufizimit, në një përpjekje për të përcaktuar shkeljen e të drejtave themelore të njeriut, duke nënvizuar mungesën e një dallimi të saktë midis migrantëve të paligjshëm dhe azilkërkuesve. Janë shqyrtuar edhe disa raste praktike për të sqaruar dhe ilustruar tezën e paraqitur. E gjithë kjo bëhet duke theksuarlëvizjet diskriminuese të politikës së dëbimit dhe represionit të adoptuar nga shtetet evropiane. Në përfundim, autori jep pikëpamjet personale për çështjet e trajtuara dhe një zgjidhje të mundshme të problemeve të hasura.

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Lunsford, Kurt G. „Policy Language and Information Effects in the Early Days of Federal Reserve Forward Guidance“. American Economic Review 110, Nr. 9 (01.09.2020): 2899–934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181721.

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I show that the nature of the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC’s) forward guidance language shapes the private sector’s responses to monetary policy statements. From February 2000 to June 2003, the FOMC only gave forward guidance about economic outlook risks, and a decrease in the expected federal funds rate path caused stock prices to fall, GDP growth forecasts to fall, and the unemployment rate to rise. From August 2003 to May 2006, the FOMC added forward guidance about policy inclinations, and a decrease in the expected federal funds rate path had the opposite effects. These results suggest that forward guidance that emphasizes economic outlook risks causes stronger information effects than forward guidance that emphasizes policy inclinations. (JEL D83, E52, E58, E66)

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Moreira-Teixeira, Lúcia, Katrin Mayer-Barber, Alan Sher und Anne O’Garra. „Type I interferons in tuberculosis: Foe and occasionally friend“. Journal of Experimental Medicine 215, Nr. 5 (17.04.2018): 1273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180325.

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Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and, despite its clinical significance, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of pathogenic and protective mechanisms triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Type I interferons (IFN) regulate a broad family of genes that either stimulate or inhibit immune function, having both host-protective and detrimental effects, and exhibit well-characterized antiviral activity. Transcriptional studies have uncovered a potential deleterious role for type I IFN in active tuberculosis. Since then, additional studies in human tuberculosis and experimental mouse models of M. tuberculosis infection support the concept that type I IFN promotes both bacterial expansion and disease pathogenesis. More recently, studies in a different setting have suggested a putative protective role for type I IFN. In this study, we discuss the mechanistic and contextual factors that determine the detrimental versus beneficial outcomes of type I IFN induction during M. tuberculosis infection, from human disease to experimental mouse models of tuberculosis.

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Fife, Mathew M., Carmen L. Bailey, David V. Lee und David R. Carrier. „Function of the oblique hypaxial muscles in trotting dogs“. Journal of Experimental Biology 204, Nr. 13 (01.07.2001): 2371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.13.2371.

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SUMMARYIn trotting dogs, the pattern of activity of the obliquely oriented hypaxial muscles is consistent with the possible functions of (i) stabilization against vertical accelerations that cause the trunk to sag in the sagittal plane and (ii) stabilization against forces that tend to shear the trunk in the sagittal plane. To test these hypotheses, we compared the amount of activity of the intercostal and abdominal oblique muscles (i) when dogs carried additional mass (8–15% of body mass) supported over the limb girdles versus supported mid-trunk (test of sagittal bounce), and (ii) when dogs trotted up versus down a 10° slope (test of sagittal shear). In response to the loading manipulations, only the internal oblique muscle responded in a manner that was consistent with stabilization of the trunk against forces that cause the trunk to sag sagittally. In contrast, when the fore–aft forces were manipulated by running up- and downhill, all four of the monitored muscles changed their activity in a manner consistent with stabilization of the trunk against sagittal shearing. Specifically, muscles with a craniodorsal orientation (external oblique and external intercostal muscles) showed an increase in activity when the dogs ran downhill and a decrease when they ran uphill. Muscles with a cranioventral orientation (internal oblique and internal intercostal muscles) exhibited the opposite pattern: increased activity when the dogs ran uphill and decreased activity when they ran downhill. Changes in activity of two extrinsic appendicular muscles, the serratus ventralis and deep pectoralis, during uphill and downhill running were also consistent with the sagittal shearing hypothesis. In contrast, changes in the level of recruitment of the oblique hypaxial muscles were not consistent with stabilization of the trunk against torques that induce yaw at the girdles. Hence, we suggest that the oblique hypaxial muscles of trotting dogs act to stabilize the trunk against sagittal shearing torques induced by limb retraction (fore–aft acceleration) and protraction (fore–aft deceleration).

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BRAUNIG, PETER. „Strand Receptors Associated with the Femoral Chordotonal Organs of Locust Legs“. Journal of Experimental Biology 116, Nr. 1 (01.05.1985): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.116.1.331.

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The so-called flexor strand of the femoral chordotonal organ of the locust jumping leg was found to be innervated by a single sensory neurone with its cell body in the metathoracic ganglion. The strand is therefore a new mechanoreceptor of the strand receptor class. It is sensitive to extension of the femoro-tibial joint. The innervation is rather unusual in the hind leg as well as in the fore and middle legs.

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Wang, Zhongyuan, Aihong Ji, Thomas Endlein, Diana Samuel, Ning Yao, Zhouyi Wang und Zhendong Dai. „The role of fore- and hindlimbs during jumping in the Dybowski's frog (Rana dybowskii)“. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 321, Nr. 6 (15.04.2014): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1865.

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Fischer, Martin S., Nadja Schilling, Manuela Schmidt, Dieter Haarhaus und Hartmut Witte. „Basic limb kinematics of small therian mammals“. Journal of Experimental Biology 205, Nr. 9 (01.05.2002): 1315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.9.1315.

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SUMMARYA comparative study of quantitative kinematic data of fore- and hindlimb movements of eight different mammalian species leads to the recognition of basic principles in the locomotion of small therians. The description of kinematics comprises fore- and hindlimb movements as well as sagittal spine movements including displacement patterns of limb segments, their contribution to step length, and joint movements. The comparison of the contributions of different segments to step length clearly shows the proximal parts (scapula,femur) to produce more than half of the propulsive movement of the whole limb at symmetrical gaits. Basically, a three-segmented limb with zigzag configuration of segments is mainly displaced at the scapular pivot or hip joint, both of which have the same vertical distance to the ground. Two segments operate in matched motion during retraction of the limb. While kinematic parameters of forelimbs are independent of speed and gait (with the scapula as the dominant element), fundamental changes occur in hindlimb kinematics with the change from symmetrical to in-phase gaits. Forward motion of the hindlimbs is now mainly due to sagittal lumbar spine movements contributing to half of the step length. Kinematics of small therian mammals are independent of their systematic position, their natural habitat, and also of specific anatomical dispositions (e.g. reduction of fingers, toes, or clavicle). In contrast, the possession of a tail influences `pelvic movements'.

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CALINOIU, ION, und D. C. CROITORU. „FORMS OF THE CROWN AT THE QUINCE FOR MAKING FRUIT FENCES WITHOUT MEANS OF SUPPORT AT HORTICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION FROM TARGU JIU“. FRUIT GROWING RESEARCH 34, Nr. 34 (17.12.2018): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33045/fgr.v34.2018.15.

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Bielak, Tatiana, und David A. Moscovitch. „Friend or Foe? Memory and Expectancy Biases for Faces in Social Anxiety“. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 3, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5127/jep.019711.

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Bielak, Tatiana, und David Moscovitch. „Friend or Foe? Memory and Expectancy Biases for Faces in Social Anxiety“. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 3, Nr. 1 (05.02.2012): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5127/jep.19711.

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Strassburg, Udo, Nilton Marques de Oliveira, Isabela Barchet, Camili Dal Pai, Paulo César da Silva Ilha und Pery Francisco Assis Shikida. „Produção rural e segurança alimentar no Brasil“. Revista Brasileira de Desenvolvimento Regional 3, Nr. 1 (30.11.2015): 055. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/2317-5443.2015v3n1p055-081.

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O artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma abordagem sobre segurança alimentar e desenvolvimento rural de 1964 a 2011, fundamentado nas contribuições de pensadores brasileiros que analisam essa temática. Para tanto, recorreu-se a um ferramental metodológico exploratório e a literatura especializada. O Brasil é uma referência mundial na produção de alimentos. Porém, parcela significativa da população não tem acesso a uma alimentação adequada que possa caracterizar uma condição de segurança alimentar. Sugere-se que esse cenário decorre, principalmente, de aspectos sociais, entre os quais se destaca a desigual distribuição de renda. Políticas públicas foram implantadas no período analisado de modo a minimizar essa condição, destacando-se o Programa Fome Zero. Contudo, verifica-se que é preciso criar condições de inserção social e econômica para a população por meio do incentivo a novas atividades locais, que contribuam também para o desenvolvimento rural.Código JEL | L66; Q18; Q56.

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GRODNTTSKY, DMITRY L., und PAHVEL P. MOROZOV. „Flow Visualization Experiments on Tethered Flying Green Lacewings Chrysopa Dasyptera“. Journal of Experimental Biology 169, Nr. 1 (01.08.1992): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.169.1.143.

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Experiments on dust visualization of the flow around tethered flying green lacewings showed that, contrary to expectations based on the Weis-Fogh clap-andfling mechanism, a leading edge separation bubble does not exist near either fore-or hindwings. At the beginning of the stroke cycle each wing operates as an independent generator of vorticity. The vortex bubbles of all the four wings then unite, producing a single U-shaped bubble. A hypothetical spatial structure for the vortex wake is derived from a series of registrated sections of the wake illuminated with a flat light beam. Some problems of wing functional morphology and insect flight aerodynamics are also discussed.

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RÜPPELL, G. „Kinematic Analysis of Symmetrical Flight Manoeuvres of Odonata“. Journal of Experimental Biology 144, Nr. 1 (01.07.1989): 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.144.1.13.

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By analysis of slow-motion films of dragonflies and damselflies in free flight, released in front of a backdrop or startled during flight, the following flight parameters have been quantified for symmetrical manoeuvres: wingbeat frequency, relative durations of up- and downstroke, phase relationships of the beats of fore- and hindwings, stroke amplitude, mean stroke velocity, flight velocity, nondimensional flight velocity, advance ratio, acceleration, angle of attack and stroke plane. The wingbeat frequencies are higher in the smaller species and in those with relatively large wing loading. As a rule, Zygoptera have a wingbeat frequency only half that of Anisoptera. The stroke amplitude is almost always much larger in Zygoptera than in Anisoptera, which have a greater range of variation in this respect. Stroke velocity is higher in Anisoptera than in Zygoptera; it is also higher in the more elaborate flight manoeuvres than in others. The calculated stroke velocities resemble those actually measured. Anisoptera fly more rapidly than Zygoptera. With respect to the nondimensional flight velocities, it is notable that although the values for Anisoptera are higher than those for Zygoptera, they are exceeded by the Calopterygidae; the latter can fold their wings back during rapid forward flight and shoot away, as in the ‘ballistic’ flight of small songbirds. However, the advance ratio is higher in Anisoptera than in Calopterygidae. Anisoptera also perform better than Zygoptera with respect to acceleration. Three categories of phase relationships between the beats of the fore- and hindwings are established: counterstroking, phase-shifted stroking and parallel stroking. Counterstroking produces uniform flight, whereas the flight produced by phase-shifted and, in particular, parallel stroking is irregular. The angles of attack of the wings are shown to be associated with particular flight manoeuvres, as are the stroke planes. Flight manoeuvres are discussed without drawing detailed aerodynamic conclusions. The flight of Anisoptera is compared with that of Zygoptera.

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Magnussen, N., L. Smolík, J. Allison, K. Ambrus, R. J. Barlow, W. Bartel, S. Bethke et al. „A comparison of measured jet cross sections with QCD calculations fore + e − annihilation“. Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 49, Nr. 1 (März 1991): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01570794.

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Bauer, Michael D., und Eric T. Swanson. „An Alternative Explanation for the “Fed Information Effect”“. American Economic Review 113, Nr. 3 (01.03.2023): 664–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201220.

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Regressions of private-sector macroeconomic forecast revisions on monetary policy surprises often produce coefficients with signs opposite to standard macroeconomic models. The “Fed information effect” argues these puzzling results are due to monetary policy surprises revealing Fed private information. We show they are also consistent with a “Fed response to news” channel, where both the Fed and professional forecasters respond to incoming economic news. We present new evidence challenging the Fed information effect and supporting the Fed response to news channel, including: regressions that control for economic news, our own survey of professional forecasters, and financial market responses to FOMC announcements. (JEL D82, E23, E27, E43, E44, E52, E58)

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Del Corral, T., R. Martinez Alejos, A. Cèbria, R. Rabinovich und J. Vilaro. „Bénéfices d’un programme d’entraînement à domicile utilisant une plate-forme de jeu vidéo chez les patients atteints de fibrose kystique“. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 30 (Januar 2013): A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2012.10.226.

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Akers, R., G. Alexander, J. Allison, K. J. Anderson, S. Arcelli, S. Asai, A. Astbury et al. „QCD studies using a cone-based jet finding algorithm fore + e ? collisons at LEP“. Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 63, Nr. 2 (Juni 1994): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01411011.

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Bothaina, R. Morsy, A. Sobh Mahmoud und Y. El-Khabotly Maged. „EVALUATION OF SUPPORT POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIUM، SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISES FOE ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVLOPMENT“. Journal of Environmental Science 51, Nr. 6 (01.06.2022): 85–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jes.2022.117012.1159.

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Sato, M., und A. Azuma. „The flight performance of a damselfly Ceriagrion melanurum Selys“. Journal of Experimental Biology 200, Nr. 12 (01.01.1997): 1765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.12.1765.

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The local circulation method was applied to the free forward flight of the damselfly Ceriagrion melanurum Selys. The kinematic data used in the calculations were obtained by analyzing video-taped images of damselflies in free flight in a transparent container. The inclination of the stroke plane was smaller and the flapping amplitude was larger than those of dragonflies reported in other studies on odonate flight. However, the phase shift between the fore- and hindwings agreed with none of the previously reported patterns for damselflies: the forewings lead the hindwings by approximately a quarter-period. The calculated forces were within the expected range of error. The muscle-mass-specific power was between 40 and 80 W kg-1. The vorticity distribution of trailing and shed vortices in the wake was also analyzed. Strong trailing vortices were observed at the wing tips, whereas shed vortices were concentrated near the wing root as the stroke switched direction.

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McMillan, Laura E., und Shelley A. Adamo. „Friend or foe? Effects of host immune activation on the gut microbiome in the caterpillar Manduca sexta“. Journal of Experimental Biology 223, Nr. 19 (01.10.2020): jeb226662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.226662.

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ABSTRACTFor many animals, the gut microbiome plays an essential role in immunity and digestion. However, certain animals, such as the caterpillar Manduca sexta, do not have a resident gut microbiome. Although these animals do have bacteria that pass through their gut from their natural environment, the absence of such bacteria does not reduce growth or survival. We hypothesized that M. sexta would sterilize their gut as a protective measure against secondary infection when faced with a gut infection or exposure to heat-killed bacteria in the blood (haemolymph). However, we found that gut sterilization did not occur during either type of immune challenge, i.e. bacterial numbers did not decrease. By examining the pattern of immune-related gene expression, gut pH, live bacterial counts and mass change (as a measure of sickness behaviour), we found evidence for physiological trade-offs between regulating the microbiome and defending against systemic infections. Caterpillars exposed to both gut pathogens and a systemic immune challenge had higher numbers of bacteria in their gut than caterpillars exposed to a single challenge. Following a multivariate analysis of variance, we found that the response patterns following an oral challenge, systemic challenge or dual challenge were unique. Our results suggest that the immune response for each challenge resulted in a different configuration of the immunophysiological network. We hypothesize that these different configurations represent different resolutions of physiological trade-offs based on the immune responses needed to best protect the animal against the present immune challenges.

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AZUMA, AKIRA, SOICHI AZUMA, ISAO WATANABE und TOYOHIKO FURUTA. „Flight Mechanics of a Dragonfly“. Journal of Experimental Biology 116, Nr. 1 (01.05.1985): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.116.1.79.

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The steady slow climbing flight of a dragonfly, Sympetrum frequens, was filmed and analysed. By using the observed data, the mechanical characteristics of the beating wings were carefully analysed by a simple method based on the momentum theory and the blade element theory, and with a numerical method modified from the local circulation method (LCM), which has been developed for analysing the aerodynamic characteristics of rotary wings. The results of calculations based on the observed data show that the dragonfly performs low speed flight with ordinary airfoil characteristics, instead of adopting an abnormally large lift coefficient. The observed phase advance of the hindwing, Δδ1 ≃ 80° can be fully explained by the present theoretical calculation. Similarly, the spanwise variation of the airloading and the time variations of the horizontal force, vertical force, pitching moment and torque or power can be definitely estimated within a reasonable range of accuracy in comparison with the flight data. The distribution of loading between the fore and hind pairs of wings is also clarified by the calculations.

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HENSLER, K., und H. F. ROWELL. „CONTROL OF OPTOMOTOR RESPONSES BY DESCENDING DEVIATION DETECTOR NEURONES IN INTACT FLYING LOCUSTS“. Journal of Experimental Biology 149, Nr. 1 (01.03.1990): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149.1.191.

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Neural control of optomotor responses in Locusta migratoria was studied using newly developed preparation of intact, tethered, flying locusts. The preparation could perform normal flight behaviour and head movements while neurones in the neck connectives were recorded and stimulated intracellularly Course deviations simulated by an artificial horizon caused optomotor reactions, e.g. steering by the wings (monitored as steering reactions in M97 and M127, first basalar muscles of fore- and hindwings, respectively) and compensatory head movements. Intracellular recordings were made from two identified descending deviation detector neurones, PI(2)5 and DNC. Both neurones coded direction specifically for course deviations. Electrical activation of either neurone tethered flight at frequencies of up to 230 Hz elicited steering in M97 and M127 and head rolling with latencies of less than 20 ms. These reactions were of the same quality and strength as compensatory head rolling and steering in M97 and M127 following horizon rolling of about 40°. This demonstrates directly a role of PI(2)5 and DNC in course control.

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Broekhuizen, Dolf, Monique Arkesteijn, Peter de Jong und Frido van van Nieuwamerongen. „CONVERSION STRATEGIES FOR DUTCH PRIMARY SCHOOLS: PRACTICE AND REFINEMENT“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 44, Nr. 1 (21.08.2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jau.2020.11448.

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Handbooks on strategic real estate management are generally based on four strategies for functional adjustment of the building: conversion, expansion, renovation and adaptive reuse. And on a strategic level, this classification in adjustment strategies does work for real estate in general. But when looking at Dutch primary schools as a specific type of real estate, reality can be and is more nuanced. Other accommodation strategies came to the fore in a study into the spatial adaptation of primary schools and children’s centres in the Netherlands. An analysis of 100 school buildings studied in the Atlas of School Building (published in Dutch as Scholenbouwatlas) revealed that nine main strategies were prevalent in practice. This refinement of the strategies fits (better) with integrated conversion actions of primary schools in which several aspects are solved together. In the following article these strategies are analysed and discussed in a theoretical context. The conclusion of the analyses is that the existing general models in the strategic handling of the building stock in the case of specific real estate of primary schools can be refined.

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Korteweg, Arthur, und Berk Sensoy. „How Unique is VC’s American History?“ Journal of Economic Literature 61, Nr. 1 (01.03.2023): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211576.

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VC: An American History, by Tom Nicholas, offers a compelling chronicle of the development of professional venture capital (VC) in the United States—from VC-like fore-bearers as diverse as eighteenth-century cotton manufacturing and nineteenth-century whaling up to the state of the modern VC market at the turn of the millennium. The book emphasizes America’s enduring advantage in VC as a consequence of these early developments and as a practical governance solution for investing in the long-tailed returns of risky new ventures. In this essay we discuss similar historical precedent and governance arrangements in the spice-trading voyages of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Dutch Republic, calling into question the uniqueness of early American VC ancestors. Moreover, far from being a distinguishing feature of early ventures, long-tailed returns exist even in public equities, suggesting that the VC governance structure is about more than the distribution of returns. We conclude that the reasons for American dominance of contemporary VC remain unclear. Picking up where the book leaves off, we summarize facts and trends in twenty-first-century VC. (JEL G24, M13, N20, O16, O31)

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Yashika Gaidhani, Monica Kalbande, Tejaswini Panse,. „Electromyography Sensor Controlled Bionic Hand for Disabled Persons“. Journal of Electrical Systems 20, Nr. 2s (31.03.2024): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1747.

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The word “Bionic” is amalgam of domain Biology as well as Electronics. In today’s era, we come across new emerging technology which is rapidly evolving. Bionic hand is one of its kinds. However, with upgrade technology the demand for bionic hand will continue to increase day by day in upcoming years with wider awareness. The major purpose behind the project is to help an individual to improve the sensation, integration with the body and the control. The development and operation of bionic hand has been explained and controlled by Electromyography Muscle Sensor. Signals from an amputee muscle are gathered by bionic arms to function. The muscle sensor is the main component which senses electrical activity of our muscles and translate those activity which results in flexing of finger with the help of servo motors. 3-D printing is used in the design and construction of the bionic arm. The result we obtain here after demonstration is 80% movement of little finger, ring finger, middle finger and fore finger as well as 30% movement of Thumb finger. Along with this when pressure is strongly applied, the signals from the muscle goes to the sensor and hence result in approximate 75% movement of all five fingers together.

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Truong My An. „Investigating the Interaction Between Social Media Use and Depression among the Young“. Journal of Electrical Systems 20, Nr. 4s (08.04.2024): 2490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2912.

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Purpose – This paper investigates how depression and social media use are related among the young, encompassing how utilization of social media affects depression, how depression impacts social media use, and the correlation between social media use and depression. Methodology – Applying the literature review method, Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald, Science Direct, JSTOR, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Taylor and Francis Online were selected as search databases and identified 17 papers that fulfilled the authors’ requirements. Findings – First, social media use and depression can be impacted by geographical locations between the East and the West. Second, the amount of time, the quantity, and the behavior of the young spend on social media significantly impact their well-being. Third, the correlation between depression and social media use is influenced by ideological representation, besides FOMO. The association between social media use and depression might also be significantly mediated by personality traits. Value – The association between social media use and depression was determined in the present investigation. First, the literature review addressing the connection between social media use and depression among the young was assembled. Second, possible explanations for the discrepancies in the results were presented. Third, potential relationships between social media use and depression were clarified.

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Kramer, G., und N. Magnussen. „Implementation of 2nd-order QCD 3-jet matrix elements in Monte Carlo generators fore + e ? annihilation“. Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 49, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01555505.

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Mulye, H., und K. Davey. „The feeding stimulus in Rhodnius prolixus is transmitted to the brain by a humoral factor“. Journal of Experimental Biology 198, Nr. 5 (01.05.1995): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.5.1087.

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Neurosecretory cells in the brain of Rhodnius prolixus are known to be the source of an ovulation hormone released at feeding. They were selected to test the hypothesis that feeding brings about the release of another hormone in the abdomen which is transported forward to activate the neuroendocrine axis in the brain, and that severing the aorta interferes with this transport. These cells have previously been shown to exhibit an increase in action potential frequency at the time of release of their hormone. In normal females, the spike frequency of the cells increased after feeding and remained high over at least the next 24 h. In females with the dorsal vessel severed, the spike frequency remained low, at levels near those of unfed females, except for a transitory increase 4 h after feeding. The spike frequency of the neurosecretory cells in females with the dorsal vessel severed increased when hemolymph from fed normal females or from those with their dorsal vessel severed was placed directly on the brains of the test females. Hemolymph taken from unfed females did not produce this response. The activity in the hemolymph was heat-stable and disappeared after pronase or trypsin digestion. Similar activity was present in the fused thoracico-abdominal ganglionic mass, but absent from fore-, mid- and hindgut and from the abdominal neurosecretory organs.

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Eilam, D., und G. Shefer. „Reversal of interleg coupling in backward locomotion implies a prime role of the direction of locomotion.“ Journal of Experimental Biology 173, Nr. 1 (01.12.1992): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.173.1.155.

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Conventional descriptions of interleg coupling relate to anatomical definitions such as fore- or hindlegs, right or left legs (i.e. the body is the frame of reference). This convention is obvious for forward walking, where forelegs (in anatomical terms) are also the leading legs (in terms of direction). In backward locomotion, however, the leading legs in terms of direction are the hindlegs in terms of anatomy. What effects do the anatomy and direction of movement have on the sequence of stepping? Our observations on the locomotion of mole rats in a transparent acrylic tunnel revealed that, as in nature, mole rats moved both forwards and backwards. They typically employed a diagonal sequence of steps in forward walking, whereas in backward walking they typically employed a lateral sequence. However, when stepping was described with movement direction as the frame of reference, both forward and backward walking were made up of the same sequence of steps. The same invariant trend was recorded during backward galloping, but to a lesser extent than during walking. We suggest that the backward sequence is simply a reversal of the forward sequence: a hindleg during backward locomotion acts like a foreleg in forward locomotion, while a foreleg acts like a hindleg in forward locomotion. Interleg coupling therefore remains invariant in relation to the direction of locomotion.

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Hassenstein, B., und R. Hustert. „Hiding responses of locusts to approaching objects“. Journal of Experimental Biology 202, Nr. 12 (15.06.1999): 1701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.12.1701.

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Locusts, Locusta migratoria, sitting on a plant stem hide from dark moving or expanding shapes in their environment. The fore- and middle legs perform this avoidance response by making lateral tilting movements, while the hindlegs slide laterally and guide rotation of the posterior body over the stem. During larger turns, the legs take lateral steps when lateral tilting is limited by the joints. Slow hiding movements of less than 300 degrees s-1 of angular velocity are induced by slowly changing (looming) shapes, and interposed stops or slowing of the movement can delay the progress of this hiding manoeuvre. Fast hiding movements with angular velocities between 120 degrees s-1 and 860 degrees s-1 proceed continuously and rapidly in response to rapidly expanding stimuli. Hiding responses to expanding shapes occur only after the expanding image has exceeded a threshold visual angle of 8–9.5 degrees. Hiding response latencies range between 220 ms and 1.2 s for fast hiding and are approximately 1.2 s for most slow hiding responses. Predator-avoidance responses such as freezing, jerking, crouching, walking backwards, dropping or jumping can be used instead of or in conjunction with hiding behaviour. We conclude that the fast hiding behaviour of locusts is a specific goal-directed type of optomotor behaviour requiring positional information from small-field detectors of shape expansion in the interneurone layers of the locust eye.

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Wolf, H. „THE LOCUST TEGULA: SIGNIFICANCE FOR FLIGHT RHYTHM GENERATION, WING MOVEMENT CONTROL AND AERODYNAMIC FORCE PRODUCTION“. Journal of Experimental Biology 182, Nr. 1 (01.09.1993): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.182.1.229.

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The tegula, a complex sense organ associated with the wing base of the locust, plays an important role in the generation of the flight motor pattern. Here its function in the control of wing movement and aerodynamic force production is described.The vertical component of forewing movement was monitored while recording intracellularly from flight motoneurones during stationary flight. First, in accordance with previous electrophysiological results, stimulation of hindwing tegula afferents was found to reset the wingstroke to the elevation phase in a well-coordinated manner. Second, recordings made before and after removal of fore- and hindwing tegulae were compared. This comparison demonstrated that the delayed onset of elevator motoneurone activity caused by tegula removal is accompanied by a corresponding delay in the upstroke movement of the wings.The consequences of this delayed upstroke for aerodynamic force production were investigated by monitoring wing movements and lift generation simultaneously. A marked decrease in net lift generation was observed following tegula removal. Recordings of wing pronation indicate that this decrease in lift is primarily due to the delayed upstroke movement - that is, to a delay of the wings near the aerodynamically unfavourable downstroke position.It is concluded that the tegula of the locust hindwing signals to the nervous system the impending completion of the wing downstroke and allows initiation of the upstroke movement immediately after the wings have reached the lower reversal point of the wingstroke. The functional significance of tegula feedback and central rhythm generation for locust flight control are discussed.

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Perali, Federico, Joseph Cooper und Marcella Veronesi. „Incentivi economici per la protezione della biodiversitŕ e degli ecosistemi di proprietŕ privata“. ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2008-001006.

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- This study has the objective to bring to the fore the importance of appropriate incentive schemes for the protection of biodiversity and ecosystems on private lands. The analysis describes the effectiveness of the regulations implemented in advanced countries. In particular, first the study presents some examples and discusses the implications of the actual legislation in developed countries for the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Then, the study analyses the legal doctrine regarding compensation, and the available economic instruments for ecosystem services protection. Finally, the study presents the best economic tools capable to align private behavior with the social goals of protecting the services offered by the ecosystems and favoring the participation of private owners to projects for sustainable production and conservation. Special attention is paid to the institution of Community Foundations using as models those implemented in the United States. JEL: Q57, Q58 Key words: biodiversity, conservation, ecosystems, community foundations, economic incentives, private lands.

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