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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Forensic genetics – Technique"

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Decorte, R., and J. J. Cassiman. "Forensic medicine and the polymerase chain reaction technique." Journal of Medical Genetics 30, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.30.8.625.

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González-Jorge, Higinio, Iván Puente, Pablo Eguía, and Pedro Arias. "Single-Image Rectification Technique in Forensic Science." Journal of Forensic Sciences 58, no. 2 (February 20, 2013): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12068.

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Ihms, Elihu C., and Dennis W. Brinkman. "Thermogravimetric Analysis as a Polymer Identification Technique in Forensic Applications." Journal of Forensic Sciences 49, no. 3 (2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2003252.

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Decorte, R., and J. J. Cassiman. "Forensic medicine and the polymerase chain reaction technique." Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 1, no. 1 (June 1994): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1353-1131(94)90066-3.

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Hedman, Johannes, Yasmine Akel, Linda Jansson, Ronny Hedell, Nanny Wallmark, Christina Forsberg, and Ricky Ansell. "Enhanced forensic DNA recovery with appropriate swabs and optimized swabbing technique." Forensic Science International: Genetics 53 (July 2021): 102491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102491.

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Biwasaka, Hitoshi, Kiyoshi Saigusa, and Yasuhiro Aoki. "The Applicability of Holography in Forensic Identification: A Fusion of the Traditional Optical Technique and Digital Technique." Journal of Forensic Sciences 50, no. 2 (2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2004333.

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Mallett, Xanthé, and Martin P. Evison. "Forensic Facial Comparison: Issues of Admissibility in the Development of Novel Analytical Technique." Journal of Forensic Sciences 58, no. 4 (May 29, 2013): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12127.

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Horton, Benjamin P., Steve Boreham, and Caroline Hillier. "The Development and Application of a Diatom-Based Quantitative Reconstruction Technique in Forensic Science." Journal of Forensic Sciences 51, no. 3 (May 2006): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00120.x.

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Acharya, Ashith B. "Forensic Dental Age Estimation by Measuring Root Dentin Translucency Area Using a New Digital Technique." Journal of Forensic Sciences 59, no. 3 (March 7, 2014): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12385.

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Andreola, Salvatore, Guendalina Gentile, Alessio Battistini, Cristina Cattaneo, and Riccardo Zoja. "Forensic Applications of Sodium Rhodizonate and Hydrochloric Acid: A New Histological Technique for Detection of Gunshot Residues." Journal of Forensic Sciences 56, no. 3 (February 3, 2011): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01689.x.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Forensic genetics – Technique"

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Schlaphoff, Theresa Elizabeth-Anne. "A study to evaluate variable number of tandem repeat DNA polymorphisms in disputed paternity testing." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1465.

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Thesis (MDip (Medical Technology))--Cape Technikon, 1993<br>The use of genetic marker testing to resolve cases of disputed paternity, is well established. The number and range of systems used depends on the expertise of the laboratory, and for this reason various laboratories offer different systems. Standard testing includes tests in the following genetic marker systems: human leukocyte antigen (tissue) typing; red cell blood groups; and red cell enzyme and serum protein testing. The Provincial Laboratory for Tissue Immunology currently offers a range of 16 genetic marker systems cap
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Van, Winkle Carolyn. "Forensic DNA Extraction Strategies for PCR Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278269/.

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There is a transition nationwide on the analysis of forensic evidentiary stains containing biological material from traditional serology to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methodologies. The increased sensitivity of PCR, the limited number of alleles at each locus, and the necessity of producing unambiguous data for entry into the FBI's Combined DNA Index System make this study of extraction procedures of utmost importance. A "single tube" extraction procedure for blood stains collected onto FTA™ paper and a modified differential nonorganic extraction method from spermatozoa containing mixed
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Counsil, Tyler I. "Real-time RNA-based amplification allows for sensitive forensic blood evidence analysis." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1391475.

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The purpose of this experiment was to determine if nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) is a suitable application for the differentiation of body fluids that might comprise a forensic evidence sample. NASBA is a sensitive RNA transcription based amplification system. NASBA could theorhetically be used for bodily fluid identification based upon amplification of tissue-specific mRNA transcripts present in a given forensic sample.Amplification of both Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 1 (MMPmRNA transcripts were used to determine that NAS
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Khoory, Haifa. "The feasibility of transferring cells from archived buccal swabs to FTA card for long term and simple storage of forensic samples." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0088.

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[Truncated abstract] The collection of buccal cells is common practise in the epidemiological and forensic science. Unlike venipuncture collection of blood; it is a safer, non-invasive method for collection of biological material. The methods by which these cells are collected from the inner cheek of an individual and stored are the key elements in preserving DNA. Typically, forensic samples require long term storage. Samples are commonly collected on cotton swabs and stored moist at low to ultra-low temperatures (less than -20oC). Although this is the method of choice in most forensic facilit
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Tan, Angela Y. C. "The development of an efficient method of mitochondrial DNA analysis." Monash University, Dept. of Forensic Medicine, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9525.

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Beach, Lisa Renae. "Evaluation of storage conditions on DNA used for forensic STR analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5676.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is currently the most common method for processing biological forensic evidence. STRs are highly polymorphic and allow for a strong statistical power of discrimination when comparing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples. Since sample testing and court proceedings occur months, if not years apart, samples must be stored appropriately in the event additional testing is needed. There are generally accepted methods to store DNA extracts long-term; however, one universally recognized method does not exist
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Counsil, Tyler I. "Microbial forensics and the use of RT-PCR and NASBA for human saliva evidence analysis." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1652228.

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Carter, Megan Elizabeth. "Blood on FTA™ Paper: Does Punch Location Affect the Quality of a Forensic DNA Profile?" 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3244.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Forensic DNA profiling is widely used as an identification tool for associating an individual with evidence of a crime. Analysis of a DNA sample involves observation of data in the form of an electropherogram, and subsequently annotating a DNA “profile” from an individual or from the evidence. The profile obtained from the evidence can be compared to reference profiles deposited in a national DNA database, which may include the potential contributor. Following a match, a random match probability is calculated to determine how comm
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Gunawardane, Dalugama Mudiyanselage Don Dimuth Nilanga. "An assessment of the impact of environmental factors on the quality of post-mortem DNA profiling." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/51067.

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DNA profiling has ignited public interest and consequently their expectations for the capabilities of forensic criminal and science investigations. The prospect of characterising the genetic makeup of individuals or trace samples from a wide variety of depositional and post-mortem circumstances raises the question of how reliable the methods are given the potential for prolonged exposure to variation in environmental factors, i.e. temperature, pH, UV irradiation and humidity, that are known to induce damage to DNA. Thus, it is crucial to verify the validity of the DNA profiling for characteris
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Dembinski, Gina. "Evaluation of the IrisPlex DNA-based eye color prediction tool in the United States." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4836.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>DNA phenotyping is a rapidly developing area of research in forensic biology. Externally visible characteristics (EVCs) can be determined based on genotype data, specifically from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs are chosen based on their association with genes related to the phenotypic expression of interest, with known examples in eye, hair, and skin color traits. DNA phenotyping has forensic importance when unknown biological samples at a crime scene do not result in a criminal database hit; a phenotype profil
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Bücher zum Thema "Forensic genetics – Technique"

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Genetic testimony: A guide to forensic DNA profiling. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

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Sheng wu xue zheng ju yan jiu yu ying yong: Research and Application of Biological Evidence. Beijing Shi: Fa lü chu ban she, 2012.

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Belair, Robert R. Forensic DNA analysis: Issues. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1991.

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Mazzotta, Guillermo Cejas. Identificación por ADN. 2nd ed. Mendoza: Ediciones Jurídicas Cuyo, 2000.

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Brinkmann, B. DNA-Technologie in der medizinischen Kriminalistik. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild, 1997.

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Hammond, Holly A. Automated DNA typing: Method of the future? : a summary of a research study conducted. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Program, National Institute of Justice, 1997.

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Meeting, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Gen-Diagnostik. DNA-Polymorphism in forensic and medicine: 4th Annual Meeting 1988, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Gen-Diagnostik e.V. Edited by Driesel Albert J, Henke J, and Kömpf J. Heidelberg: Hürtig Buch Verlag, 1990.

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Rudin, Norah. Forensic DNA analysis: Protocols in forensic science. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2002.

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International Symposium on the Forensic Aspects of DNA Analysis (1989 Forensic Science Research and Training Center, FBI Academy). Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Forensic Aspects of DNA Analysis: June 19-23, 1989, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia. Washington, DC: The Division, 1989.

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Expert Working Group on Human Factors in Latent Print Analysis. Latent print examination and human factors: Improving the practice through a systems approach : the report of the Expert Working Group on Human Factors in Latent Print Analysis. [Washington, D.C.]: NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2012.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Forensic genetics – Technique"

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Raghunath, Rajshree. "Research Trends in Forensic Sciences." In Advances in Standardization Research, 108–24. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3457-0.ch008.

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This chapter outlines how scientometric tools and techniques are increasingly used to find the growth and direction of research. Forensic sciences are the application of science and technology in the administration of law and justice. Forensic Sciences encompass a wide range of subspecialties which are applied in adjudication of civil and criminal legal issues. Five subspecialties, viz., Forensic Anthropology (FA), Forensic Genetics (FG), Forensic Medicine (FM), Forensic Psychology (FP), and Forensic Toxicology (FT) were comparatively analyzed to find the growth of literature, source documents contributing to the literature growth and also the keywords used to find the research trends in these subspecialties. Data pertaining to these subspecialties documented from 2006 to 2015 were retrieved from the Science Direct platform and studied using MS-Excel and VOSviewer. The cumulative growth of literature showed a linear trend. The study found Forensic Science International as the top contributing journal. Significant association was observed between FA, FG, FM and FT literature while FP was not.
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Nichols, Richard A. "The Application of Molecular Genetic Techniques in Forensic Science." In Biotechnology, 649–57. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078432-32.

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Aneja, Mannat Jot Singh, Tarunpreet Bhatia, Gaurav Sharma, and Gulshan Shrivastava. "Artificial Intelligence Based Intrusion Detection System to Detect Flooding Attack in VANETs." In Handbook of Research on Network Forensics and Analysis Techniques, 87–100. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4100-4.ch006.

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This chapter describes how Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are classes of ad hoc networks that provides communication among various vehicles and roadside units. VANETs being decentralized are susceptible to many security attacks. A flooding attack is one of the major security threats to the VANET environment. This chapter proposes a hybrid Intrusion Detection System which improves accuracy and other performance metrics using Artificial Neural Networks as a classification engine and a genetic algorithm as an optimization engine for feature subset selection. These performance metrics have been calculated in two scenarios, namely misuse and anomaly. Various performance metrics are calculated and compared with other researchers' work. The results obtained indicate a high accuracy and precision and negligible false alarm rate. These performance metrics are used to evaluate the intrusion system and compare with other existing algorithms. The classifier works well for multiple malicious nodes. Apart from machine learning techniques, the effect of the network parameters like throughput and packet delivery ratio is observed.
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"Genes." In Examining the Causal Relationship Between Genes, Epigenetics, and Human Health, 205–35. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8066-9.ch010.

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The advent of recombinant DNA technology has offered new opportunities for innovations to produce a wide range of bioproducts in food and agriculture, health and disease, and environment. Biotechnology is recognized universally as one of the key enabling technologies for the 21st century forming the basis of genetic engineering where genes are isolated, modified, and inserted into organisms. The new CRISPR-Cas9 technology has made it easier to make direct changes to a DNA strand called gene editing. In applied sciences such as clinical medicine, biotechnology, forensics, molecular, and evolutionary biology, sequencing DNA has become an important tool. Gene therapy is a technique used to correct single gene disorders where a cloned normal gene is separated and inserted into a cloning vector. Biotechnology has called for oversight and regulation in ways that makes its application and products safe for human use and operating within human ethical and social guidelines. This chapter explores recombinant DNA technology.
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T., Subbulakshmi. "Combating Cyber Security Breaches in Digital World Using Misuse Detection Methods." In Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 85–92. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0193-0.ch006.

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Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a major role in the area of combating security breaches for information security. Current IDS are developed with Machine learning techniques like Artificial Neural Networks, C 4.5, KNN, Naïve Bayes classifiers, Genetic algorithms Fuzzy logic and SVMs. The objective of this paper is to apply Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines for intrusion detection. Artificial Neural Networks are applied along with faster training methods like variable learning rate and scaled conjugate gradient. Support Vector Machines use various kernel functions to improve the performance. From the kddcup'99 dataset 45,657 instances are taken and used in our experiment. The speed is compared for various training functions. The performance of various kernel functions is assessed. The detection rate of Support Vector Machines is found to be greater than Artificial Neural Networks with less number of false positives and with less time of detection.
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Sitaram Kadu, Sandeep. "DNA Finger-Printing: Current Scenario and Future." In Biological Anthropology - Applications and Case Studies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99305.

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Linearly arranged chemical structure in chromosome is known as DNA. It is a double helix made up of two strands of genetic material spiraled around each other. Each strand has a sequence of bases. There are four types of basis namely adenine, guanine, cytosine and thiamine which are very unique to each individual just like their actual fingerprint. The nitrogen base adenine always binds with thymine and cytosine also always binds with guanine. Thus the DNA profiling unique to each individual is collectively known as DNA fingerprinting. DNA determines individuality or uniqueness of the each human being except in uniovular twins. The chances of complete similarity are one in 30 billion to 300 billion i.e. half the population of world. The technique of DNA fingerprinting was first developed by Dr. Alec Jeffery’s from Britain in 1984. He discovered a minisatellite region close to the human myoglobin gene. He isolated this sequence and used it as a probe to investigate human DNA. He found that the minisatellite probe result was a complex band pattern for each individual. In India, initially it was done at CCMB, Hyderabad by Dr. Lalji Singh. Now there are various centers where DNA fingerprinting is carried out. In Maharashtra it is carried out at Sate Forensic Science Laboratory, Vidya Nagar, Kalina, Mumbai – 400 098 (Phone 022–26670755). Using this technique FBI formally concluded the participation of Mr. Bill Clinton in Monica Lewyninskey case. In India more than 79 cases have been solved by using this technique including important case of Dhanu and Shivarasan alleged assailant of Late Priminister Shr. Rajiv Gandhi, Tandori case, Madhumati murder case etc.
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Parrington, John. "Life as a Machine." In Redesigning Life, 209–33. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766834.003.0010.

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Bacteria are a source of many of the tools used in biotechnology. A technique called the polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, made it possible for the first time to amplify tiny starting amounts of DNA and has revolutionised medical diagnosis, testing of IVF embryos for mutations, and forensic science. PCR involves the repeated generation of DNA from a starting sequence in a cycle, one stage of which occurs at boiling point. Because of this PCR uses a DNA polymerase enzyme purified from an ‘extremophile’ bacterium that lives in hot springs. More recently scientists have constructed artificial bacterial or yeast genomes from scratch. The next step will be to create reconfigured bacteria and yeast with enhanced characteristics for use in agriculture, energy production, or generation of new materials. Some scientists are now seeking to expand the genetic code itself. The DNA code that human beings share with all other species on the planet has four ‘letters’, A, C, G, and T, which pair as A:T and C:G to join the two strands of the DNA double helix. And each particular triplet of DNA letters, for instance CGA, or TGC, codes for a specific amino acid, the 20 different amino acids joining together in a specific sequence to make up a particular protein. Scientists have now developed a new DNA letter pair, X:Y. By introducing this into an artificial bacterial genome, it is becoming possible to create many more amino acids than the current 20 naturally occurring ones, and thereby allowing many new types of proteins.
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"which a social group or individual thinks is wrong. So the first port of call will be the courts, where we should be able to expect an independent judiciary. However, it is also true that sometimes actions and decisions are taken which, although in themselves not contentious, accumulate along with other legislation to create a highly questionable situation. Note here that the situation becomes questionable: an interpretation of the rules becomes possible which some would simply not agree with. For example, progressive attitudes towards free speech has resulted in the situation being taken advantage of by extreme groups for political ends. There are a number of very specific points which can be made about the use of DNA by society and more especially the construction and use of DNA databases. It is unlikely that anybody would really object to construction of anonymous databases so that we can produce a precise and reliable figure for the probability of finding a DNA profile in the general population by chance alone. What many people do have objections to is the construction of databases of named individuals. Strangely, it would seem that the country that has always been in the van of development of DNA technology is developing a rather poorer reputation for riding roughshod over the rights of its population, the UK. The problems and objections with databases of named individuals start with the practitioners and political will by successive governments. Luckily, there is an outspoken reaction to the UK government’s belief that all uses of DNA are good, but we should be aware that this is not so. Current thinking is that in the future it will be possible to determine facial shape, such as nose type and eye colour, with a simple test. This is put forward as a distinct possibility by the Forensic Science Service, with little regard to the extreme complexity of both the genetics and the environmental input into such things, not to mention plastic surgery. While it was always the belief that rapid turnaround of DNA results would be a good thing, this is only if the techniques are highly controlled. The idea that a hand held machine, as has been suggested, could be taken to a scene of crime and the DNA analysed in situ should fill any self-respecting scientist with horror. It has already been stated that there is a 40% chance of a stain found at a crime scene being linked to a name on the database of named individuals. As databases become larger as well as the number of individuals putting data on the database, so the likelihood of error increases; remember that error in this sense is quite likely to ruin a life. Names get onto databases for perfectly innocent reasons. Two of these are the husband or partner of a rape victim and, which is even more demeaning, the DNA profile of the victim herself. This was admitted in the House of Lords. So why is the British public so lacking in interest or apparently not in the least bit bothered by this staggering lack of feeling for the innocent? There is no mechanism for the removal of a DNA sample from the database after consent has been given. It is of interest here that both the police, forensic scientists and politicians are extremely reluctant to give a sample which can be held on the named database. Why is this? Fear? Fear of what may be done with such intimate information. This includes medical analysis and data which they have no right to access. It would be." In Genetics and DNA Technology: Legal Aspects, 109. Routledge-Cavendish, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843146995-17.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Forensic genetics – Technique"

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Zhiming, Liu, Wang Cheng, and Li Jiang. "Solving Constrained Optimization via a Modified Genetic Particle Swarm Optimization." In 1st International ICST Conference on Forensic Applications and Techniques in Telecommunications, Information and Multimedia. ACM, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/wkdd.2008.2663.

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