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1
Droese, C., S. Eliseev, K. Blaum, et al. "The cryogenic gas stopping cell of SHIPTRAP." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 338 (November 2014): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2014.08.004.
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Wense, L. v. d., B. Seiferle, M. Laatiaoui, and P. G. Thirolf. "The extraction of 229Th3+ from a buffer-gas stopping cell." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 376 (June 2016): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.12.049.
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Sytema, A., J. E. van den Berg, O. Böll, et al. "A gas cell for stopping, storing and polarizing radioactive particles." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 822 (June 2016): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.03.086.
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Novoselov, A. S., A. M. Rodin, A. M. Abakumov, et al. "Cryogenic gas stopping cell warm tests with 223Ra alpha source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2984, no. 1 (2025): 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2984/1/012024.
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Abstract This paper contains information about new setup named as Cryogenic gas stopping cell developed at the Flerov laboratory of nuclear reactions at the Joint institute for nuclear research. The main task of the Cryogenic gas stopping cell (CGSC) is the transformation of the secondary rare ion beams produced in nuclear reactions. These high energy and large emittance beams are converted into low-energy ones with small emittance and low energy spread. Today this setup is under testing stage. The aim of these tests was to obtain the information about optimal technical parameters of the setup and lay the groundwork for the future experiments. The results presented were obtained with the cell at room temperature. This article reports on the initial tests with radioactive sources and covers only a part of the parameters and possible working conditions.
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Kaleja, O., B. Anđelić, K. Blaum, et al. "The performance of the cryogenic buffer-gas stopping cell of SHIPTRAP." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 463 (January 2020): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.05.009.
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Eliseev, S. A., M. Block, A. Chaudhuri, et al. "Extraction efficiency and extraction time of the SHIPTRAP gas-filled stopping cell." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 258, no. 2 (2007): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.291.
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Ranjan, M., S. Purushothaman, T. Dickel, et al. "New stopping cell capabilities: RF carpet performance at high gas density and cryogenic operation." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 96, no. 5 (2011): 52001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/96/52001.
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Huyse, Mark, Marius Facina, Yuri Kudryavtsev, Piet Van Duppen, and ISOLDE collaboration. "Intensity limitations of a gas cell for stopping, storing and guiding of radioactive ions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 187, no. 4 (2002): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01152-1.
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Matsuda, Yoshiyuki, Takahiro Shimizu, and Daichi Imamura. "Effect of Formic Acid on Fuel Cell Performance for Automobile Applications." ECS Transactions 114, no. 5 (2024): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11405.0403ecst.
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Single-cell tests and exhaust gas analyses were conducted to understand the reaction behavior of formic acid (HCOOH) and its effect on fuel cell performance, as specified in the hydrogen quality standard for fuel cell vehicles. HCOOH decreased the voltage with increasing concentration, but the effect was smaller than that of carbon monoxide and performance was recovered by stopping the HCOOH supply. Exhaust gas analysis during the fuel cell operation and electrochemical measurements with HCOOH adsorbed on the electrocatalyst showed that the HCOOH supplied to the anode should permeate the electrolyte membrane and be oxidized at the cathode to produce carbon dioxide. Verification tests in the hydrogen circulation system that is typically used in actual fuel cell vehicles confirmed that the effect of HCOOH did not appear at current densities up to 2.0 A cm−2 and concentrations up to 5 ppm.
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Matsuda, Yoshiyuki, Takahiro Shimizu, and Daichi Imamura. "Effect of Formic Acid on Fuel Cell Performance for Automobile Applications." ECS Transactions 114, no. 5 (2024): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11405.0389ecst.
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Single-cell tests and exhaust gas analyses were conducted to understand the reaction behavior of formic acid (HCOOH) and its effect on fuel cell performance, as specified in the hydrogen quality standard for fuel cell vehicles. HCOOH decreased the voltage with increasing concentration, but the effect was smaller than that of carbon monoxide and performance was recovered by stopping the HCOOH supply. Exhaust gas analysis during the fuel cell operation and electrochemical measurements with HCOOH adsorbed on the electrocatalyst showed that the HCOOH supplied to the anode should permeate the electrolyte membrane and be oxidized at the cathode to produce carbon dioxide. Verification tests in the hydrogen circulation system that is typically used in actual fuel cell vehicles confirmed that the effect of HCOOH did not appear at current densities up to 2.0 A cm−2 and concentrations up to 5 ppm.
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Pellegriti, Maria Grazia, Agatino Musumarra, Enrico De Filippo, et al. "Thick-target inverse kinematic method in order to investigate alpha-clustering in212Po." EPJ Web of Conferences 223 (2019): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922301049.
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The inverse-kinematic thick-target method has been used in order to investigate 212Po alpha-structure by the elastic scattering of 208Pb on 4He target. A 208Pb beam, accelerated by the Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) of Laboratori Nazionali del Sud - INFN, at the incident energy of 10.1 A MeV was impinging onto a specifically designed 4He gas cell, two meter long. The gas cell wasacting both as target and as beam degrader, stopping the beam before reaching the alpha-particle detection system placed at 0° with respect to the beam axis. In order to disentangle the elastic contribution from other reaction channels (e.g. inelastic scattering) a microchannel plate was used to measure the Time of Flight(ToF) of both the 208Pb beam particles and the ejectiles along the gas cell. The 208Pbstopping power in the 4He gas target was also measured, as a key ingredient in order to establish theinteraction point inside the gas cell, in turn determining the solid angle covered by the detector. In the following, the experimental technique will be described, and the results of a preliminary data analysis will be shown.
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Facina, M., C. Bachelet, M. Block, et al. "Charged particle transport and extraction studies in the NSCL gas cell for stopping radioactive fragments." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 19-20 (2008): 4471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.052.
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Phan, Viet Cuong, DIMITER L. BALABANSKI, PAUL CONSTANTIN, Duc Thiep Tran, The Vinh Nguyen, and Minh Hue Bui. "Production of exoctic fragments by photofission process combined with stopping gas cell at ELI-NP facility." Nuclear Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (2015): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v5i3.195.
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Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) facility is being built at Bucharest-Magurele, which then allow us to do research about nuclear physics using a new set of research tools: high power laser system and high brilliance gamma beams. One of day-one experiment proposed at this facility is to study the photofission of actinide by the high-intensity gamma beam through measurement of mass and beta decay. In addition, ternary fission will be also studied. In particular, the measurements of exotic neutron-rich nuclei produced by photofission, especially isotopes of refractory elements, is of great interest and requires the development of an IGISOL-type (Ion guide isotope separation online). In this report, we will present benchmark simulation of photofission rate and rates of related background processes.
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Vedeneev, V. Yu, A. M. Rodin, L. Krupa, et al. "A Cryogenic Gas-Filled Ion Stopping Cell as an Instrument for Experimental Study of Heaviest Nuclei." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 21, no. 4 (2024): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s154747712470078x.
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Varentsov, Victor. "The Double-Nozzle Technique Equipped with RF-Only Funnel and RF-Buncher for the Ion Beam Extraction into Vacuum." Atoms 11, no. 10 (2023): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11100123.
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This study is a further development of our “Proposal of a new double-nozzle technique for in-gas-jet laser resonance ionization spectroscopy” paper published in the journal Atoms earlier this year. Here, we propose equipping the double-nozzle technique with the RF-only funnel and RF-buncher placed in a gas-jet chamber at a 70 mm distance downstream of the double-nozzle exit. It allows for highly effective extraction into vacuum heavy ion beams, produced in two-steps laser resonance ionization in the argon supersonic jet. We explored the operation of this new full version of the double-nozzle technique through detailed gas dynamic and Monte Carlo trajectory simulations, with the results presented and discussed. In particular, our calculations showed that more than 80% of all nobelium-254 neutral atoms, extracted by argon flow from the gas-stopping cell, can then be extracted into vacuum in a form of pulsed ion beam having low transverse and longitudinal emittance.
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Kohoutova, A., A. M. Rodin, A. V. Gulyaev, et al. "Extraction Time Simulations of a Cryogenic Gas Stopping Cell Designed to Study the Properties of Superheavy Elements." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 21, no. 4 (2024): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1547477124701127.
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Kareem, Husam. "Embedded real-time system for detecting leakage of the gas used in iraqi kitchens." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 3 (2019): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1171-1176.
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<p>A major issue that happens in kitchens of houses and/or restaurants is the leakage of gas used as a fuel for cooker stove, which is commonly referred to as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). LPG leakage may lead to a serious fire or even a deadly explosion that might affect the surrounding people. A substantial solution to avoid such disasters is by stopping its main cause. Therefore designing a device capable of monitoring and detecting such gases can minimize the dangerous and unwanted incidents by LPG leakage. This paper introduces a low cost and energy efficient real-time monitoring system that able to sense different dangerous gases, specifically those used for stove cooker. This system considers the pros of the previously introduced systems and fixes the cons available in those systems. In addition, the manufacturing cost has been taken into consideration. If the system senses any type of LPG gas (there is a gas leakage), it will react by making three different actions. It will make an alert sound to notify the people around the leakage place, send an SMS to two cell phones, and show, on an LCD screen, the leakage location.</p>
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Kohoutova, A., A. M. Rodin, A. V. Gulyaev, et al. "Erratum to: Extraction Time Simulations of a Cryogenic Gas Stopping Cell Designed to Study the Properties of Superheavy Elements." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 22, no. 2 (2025): 487. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1547477125020025.
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Varentsov, Victor, and Alexander Yakushev. "Concept of a new Universal High-Density Gas Stopping Cell Setup for study of gas-phase chemistry and nuclear properties of Super Heavy Elements (UniCell)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 940 (October 2019): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.06.032.
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Kozhevin, Dmitriy. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE MECHANISM OF THE FIRE EXTINGUISHING ACTION OF THE POWDER BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF ITS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION IN A NON-STATIONARY GAS-POWDER FLOW." Problems of risk management in the technosphere 2025, no. 1 (2025): 175–89. https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2025-1-175-189.
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Based on experimental data on the analysis of the distribution of particles in a non-stationary gas-powder flow by fractional composition, maps of the particle size distribution in the cloud were obtained. The analogy method is used to substantiate the similarity of the configuration of powder particles in the cloud layer with the mesh. The thermophysical characteristics of the powder layer and mesh were determined; the calculation showed that the power of heat removal by the front of the powder cloud corresponds to the power of heat removal by a metal mesh with a cell size of 1 mm. It has been experimentally confirmed that the contact time of a grid with a mesh size of 1 mm or less with the flame front does not affect the extinguishing effect; therefore, the priority mechanism for stopping combustion of powder is cooling the combustion zone in narrow channels.
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Matsuda, Yoshiyuki, Takahiro Shimizu, and Daichi Imamura. "Effect of Formic Acid on Fuel Cell Performance for Automobile Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3071. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443071mtgabs.
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Introduction The allowable concentration of formic acid is defined as 0.2 ppm in Grade D of ISO 14687: 2019, which is the hydrogen quality specification for fuel cell vehicles. The effect of formic acid in hydrogen on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance has been reported by some researchers [1-4], but the reaction mechanism of formic acid in the PEFC is not well understood. In this study, the reaction behavior of formic acid in the PEFC and its impact on voltage decrease were investigated. Experimental The effect of formic acid in hydrogen was evaluated using a single cell. A “JARI Cell 2” with a 25 cm2 electrode area and double serpentine flow channels was used in the experiment. The anode and cathode catalysts were Pt/C (TEC10E50E, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo). The platinum loadings on the anode and cathode were 0.05 mg cm-2 and 0.30 mg cm-2, respectively. The electrolyte membrane was a fluorine-based material with a thickness of 12 μm. The 22BB (SGL Carbon) gas diffusion layers were used on both the anode and cathode. The single-cell tests were performed at a cell temperature of 60°C and without external humidification. This is because formic acid easily dissolves in water and is likely to be exhausted from the cell with water at high humidification, so no humidification is considered the most severe condition. Before formic acid addition, the preconditioning was conducted at 1.0 A cm-2 of current density using high-purity hydrogen as a fuel for more than 10 hours. Then, formic acid (15-300 ppm) was started to supply the anode. After a period of time, the supply of formic acid to the anode was stopped and the voltage recovery was evaluated. Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the voltage drop over time due to formic acid in hydrogen at a current density of 1.0 A cm-2 and cell temperature of 60˚C. The voltage dropped quickly after the start of the formic acid supply, but the amount was small even at high formic acid concentrations. The voltage drop due to formic acid was 14 mV after 25 hours at 60 ppm and 20 mV after 5 hours at 300 ppm. The voltage was recovered after stopping the formic acid addition. To understand the reaction behavior of formic acid during the fuel cell operation, the anode and cathode exhaust gas were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The result showed that no formic acid was detected from the anode or cathode while the fuel cell was operated at a current density of 1.0 A cm-2 with 15 ppm formic acid addition to the anode. Meanwhile, the amount of CO2 equivalent to that supplied to the anode as formic acid was detected from the cathode exhaust gas. The results suggest that formic acid supplied to the anode permeated through the electrolyte membrane as shown in Fig. 2 and was oxidized at the cathode. Acknowledgment This work is based on results obtained from a project, JPNP18011, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). References [1] Shogo Watanabe, Masahito Tatsumi, Motoaki Akai, .2004 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts, 248-251 (2004). [2] Jaana Viitakangas, Jari Ihonen, Pauli Koski, Matti Reinikainen, Thor Anders Aarhaug, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, F718 (2018). [3] Xiaoyu Zhang, Hugo M. Galindo, Hector F. Garces, Philip Baker, Xiaofeng Wang, Ugur Pasaogullari, Steven L. Suib, Trent Molter, J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, B409-B414 (2010) [4] Takahiro Shimizu and Yoshiyuki Matsuda., JARI Research Journal, 20190201 (2019). Figure 1
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Ronza, Paolo, José Antonio Álvarez-Dios, Diego Robledo, et al. "Blood Transcriptomics of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus: A Tool for Health Monitoring and Disease Studies." Animals 11, no. 5 (2021): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051296.
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Blood transcriptomics is emerging as a relevant tool to monitor the status of the immune system and assist in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and pathogenesis studies of diseases. In fish pathology, the potential of transcriptome profiling of blood is still poorly explored. Here, RNA sequencing was applied to analyze the blood transcriptional profile of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), the most important farmed flatfish. The study was conducted in healthy specimens and specimens parasitized by the myxozoan Enteromyxum scophthalmi, which causes one of the most devastating diseases in turbot aquaculture. The blood of healthy turbot showed a transcriptomic profile mainly related to erythrocyte gas transportation function, but also to antigen processing and presentation. In moderately infected turbot, the blood reflected a broad inhibition of the immune response. Particularly, down-regulation of the B cell receptor signaling pathway was shared with heavily parasitized fish, which showed larger transcriptomic changes, including the activation of the inflammatory response. Turbot response to enteromyxosis proved to be delayed, dysregulated and ineffective in stopping the infection. The study evinces that blood transcriptomics can contribute to a better understanding of the teleost immune system and serve as a reliable tool to investigate the physiopathological status of fish.
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Mapanawang, Arend L., and Hendry Izaac Elim. "Pangi Leaf (Pangium edule Reinw) Herbal Medicine: A Marvelous Candidate for the Prominent HIV Herbal Medicine." SCIENCE NATURE 2, no. 2 (2019): 097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/snvol2iss2pp097-104year2019.
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A medicine named as Love herbal (LH) fabricated using zingiberaceae fruit (Golobe halmahera) with a very high concentration ofIC50 = 6.54 ng/ml [1-6] had been compared with pangileaf (Pangium edule Reinw) as well as the combination of pangi-LH herbal medicine especially in their functions of stopping the growth of HIV virus inside T Cell with CD 4 in its surface. By using optical spectroscopy techniques of fast Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), photo cells, and gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS), we found their significant differences. Based on our former finding, the inhibition of pangi leaf was 2.19 times larger than that in love herbal medicine [7]. Such pangi leaf medicine has advantages of optical uniqueness behaviors due to CC at 2260 cm-1 which might be closely in conjunction with very strong alkaline function associated with at least 4 compounds ofoctadecanoic acid (24.6 %), squalene (21.22 %), hexadecanoic acid (15.08 %), and phytol (10.33 %) to kill HIV virus more effectively and safely in human body. The results of our observation under real time photo cells with pure pangileaf medicine at concentration of 400 to 800 ppm were superior to LH medicine. Such output suggests that pangi leaf medicine is very promising for healing HIV patients in the future applications.
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Warbinek, Jessica, Brankica Anđelić, Michael Block, et al. "Advancing Radiation-Detected Resonance Ionization towards Heavier Elements and More Exotic Nuclides." Atoms 10, no. 2 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10020041.
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RAdiation-Detected Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RADRIS) is a versatile method for highly sensitive laser spectroscopy studies of the heaviest actinides. Most of these nuclides need to be produced at accelerator facilities in fusion-evaporation reactions and are studied immediately after their production and separation from the primary beam due to their short half-lives and low production rates of only a few atoms per second or less. Only recently, the first laser spectroscopic investigation of nobelium (Z=102) was performed by applying the RADRIS technique in a buffer-gas-filled stopping cell at the GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. To expand this technique to other nobelium isotopes and for the search for atomic levels in the heaviest actinide element, lawrencium (Z=103), the sensitivity of the RADRIS setup needed to be further improved. Therefore, a new movable double-detector setup was developed, which enhances the overall efficiency by approximately 65% compared to the previously used single-detector setup. Further development work was performed to enable the study of longer-lived (t1/2>1 h) and shorter-lived nuclides (t1/2<1 s) with the RADRIS method. With a new rotatable multi-detector design, the long-lived isotope 254Fm (t1/2=3.2 h) becomes within reach for laser spectroscopy. Upcoming experiments will also tackle the short-lived isotope 251No (t1/2=0.8 s) by applying a newly implemented short RADRIS measurement cycle.
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Waschitz, Y., D. Amanbayev, A. Spătaru, et al. "Independent isotopic fission yields of 252Cf spontaneous fission via mass measurements at the FRS Ion Catcher." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328404005.
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We present first preliminary results of a novel method for measuring independent isotopic fission yields (IIFYs) of spontaneous fission (SF) via direct mass measurements, at the FRS Ion Catcher (FRS-IC) at GSI. Fission products were generated from a 252Cf source installed in a cryogenic stopping cell, and were identified and counted with the multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) of the FRS-IC, utilizing well-established measurement and data analysis methods. The MR-TOF-MS resolves isobars unambiguously, even with limited statistics, and its non-scanning nature ensures minimal relative systematic uncertainties amongst fission products. The analysis for extracting IIFYs includes isotope-dependent efficiency corrections for all components of the FRS-IC. In particular, we applied a self-consistent technique that takes into account the element-dependent survival efficiencies in the CSC, due to chemical reactions with the buffer gas. Our IIFY results, which cover several tens of fission products in the less-accessible high-mass peak (Z = 56 to 63) down to fission yields at the level of 10−5, are generally similar to those of the nuclear database ENDF/B-VII.0. Nevertheless, they reveal some structures that are not observed in the database smooth trends. These are the first results of a planned campaign to investigate IIFY distributions of spontaneous fission at the FRS-IC. Upcoming experiments will extend our results to wider Z and N ranges, lower fission yields, and other spontaneously-fissioning actinides.
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Velasco Romero, David A., Frédéric S. Masset, and Romain Teyssier. "Eccentricity driving of pebble accreting low-mass planets." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 4 (2021): 5622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3334.
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ABSTRACT By means of high-resolution hydrodynamical, three-dimensional calculations with nested-meshes, we evaluate the eccentricity reached by a low-mass, luminous planet embedded in an inviscid disc with constant thermal diffusivity and subjected to thermal forces. We find that a cell size of at most 1/10th of the size of the region heated by the planet is required to get converged results. When the planet’s luminosity is supercritical, we find that it reaches an eccentricity of the order of 10−2–10−1, which increases with the luminosity and broadly scales with the disc’s aspect ratio. Restricting our study to the case of pebble accretion, we incorporate to our model the dependence of the accretion rate of pebbles on the eccentricity. There is therefore a feedback between eccentricity, which determines the accretion rate and hence the planet’s luminosity, and the luminosity, which yields the eccentricity attained through thermal forces. We solve for the steady-state eccentricity and study how this quantity depends on the disc’s turbulence strength parameter αz, on the dimensionless stopping time of the pebbles τs, on the inward mass flux of pebbles and on the headwind (the difference between the gas velocity and the Keplerian velocity). We find that, in general, low-mass planets (up to a few Earth masses) reach eccentricities comparable to the disc’s aspect ratio, or a sizeable fraction of the latter. Eccentric, low-mass protoplanets should therefore be the norm rather than the exception, even if they orbit far from other planets or from large-scale disturbances in the disc.
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Macauley, Natalia, Sichen Zhong, Yachao Zeng, Bingzhang Zhang, Gang Wu, and Hui Xu. "Fabrication and Scale-up of Highly Durable Heavy Duty Fuel Cell MEAs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351426mtgabs.
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Medium and heavy-duty PEM fuel cells operate under much harsher conditions than light duty fuel cells and are expected to last 25,000 hours in the field. These systems must therefore operate successfully in the presence of impurities, starting and stopping, freezing and thawing, humidity and load cycling. Therefore, materials, components, and interfaces used in such systems need to be highly resistant to severe mechanical and chemical stress. Novel, highly active stable Pt and ordered PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles with well-controlled particle size and composition have been synthesized on a highly efficient PGM-free single metal active site rich carbon, to maximize their synergistic effects for enhanced performance and durability. These catalysts were integrated with a variety of ionomers (Aquivion, Nafion, HOPI and high O2 permeability ionomer (HOPI)) to further improve fuel cell performance and to achieve >600 mA/mgPt at 0.9 VIR-free with a mass activity loss less than 30% after 150k square wave accelerated durability cycles; and > 600 mA/cm2 (~65% efficiency) at 0.8 V, with a performance loss < 40 mV after 150K cycles (0.6 to 0.95 V). In a PEM fuel cell, the catalyst ink formulation and mixing processes control catalyst layer coating quality, electrode morphology, and the resulting fuel cell performance and durability. Catalyst ink properties are a result of complex solvent-catalyst-ionomer interactions that depend on the mixing method employed. Here, we will compare the performance and durability of electrodes made from bath sonicated inks for ultrasonic spray coating vs. ball milled inks for Meyer rod coating. Ink rheology and catalyst particle size will be used to correlate ink properties to electrode morphology and structure and ensure consistency from batch to batch, and from small lab scale to subsequent scale-up. We will evaluate and discuss the challenges that arise when transitioning from spray coating catalyst ink on a small scale, directly on a membrane, to coating more viscous inks on gas diffusion layers (GDLs), and finally developing a roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication process. The MEA performance and durability of the novel catalyst will be evaluated under heavy duty operating conditions. Finally, the electrode performance and durability of R2R fabricated GDEs will be tested, and compared to small scale GDEs made at Giner. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of interactions between Pt, PtCo, carbon, ionomer, membrane, and GDLs and their impact on electrode structure, fuel cell performance and durability, as well as considerations for scale up to a R2R fabrication process. The attained information will be used to improve fuel cell electrode design, fabrication and scale-up. Acknowledgement: The project is financially supported by the Department of Energy’s Fuel Cell Technology Office under the Grant DE-FOA-0002360.
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Piffoux, Max, Aurélie Cabannes-Hamy, Hajer Ben Souda, Olivier Hermine, and Caroline Besson. "Should the Carbon Footprint of Care be Taken into Account When Choosing a Treatment for Lymphoma? a Case Application on Mantle Cell Lymphoma." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 7243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-188890.
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OBJECTIVE While climate change represents the greatest threat of the current century on human health, the carbon footprint of the healthcare sector represents 7-10% of occidental countries green house gas (GHG) emissions. Purchases, mostly of drugs and medical devices, represent about 50% of emissions. Oncology and hematology are suspected to be particularly carbon intensive, as they require long term and frequent consumption of healthcare resources. Here, we estimate the carbon footprint associated with different therapeutic strategies (including chemo-free or high dose chemotherapy) in patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and discuss their future health impacts. METHODS Standard immunochemotherapy based versus chemo-free strategies were compared both in 1) the ≤65 years old/fit and 2) in the &gt;65 years old/unfit populations. Namely, we compared 1) immunochemotherapy induction (rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and a platinum derivative) followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation and 3-year rituximab maintenance (LyMa) to obinituzumab, ibrutinib, venetoclax combination (OIV), and 2) rituximab, bendamustine combination (RB) to rituximab, ibrutinib combination (RI). These treatment schemes were considered to have similar clinical efficacy in each sub-group of patients. Carbon footprints were estimated by considering drugs, medical devices, hospital stays, car journeys, medical biology and imaging consumption in the French context. Drug specific method (including production, packaging and transport with or without R&D, sales, general and administrative costs), and non-drug specific methods using mean emission factors based on their costs (kgCO2eq/€ from the French Environment Agency (ADEME) and the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) models) were applied to estimate drug carbon footprints and were compared in a sensitivity analysis. Carbon footprints were translated into future disability adjusted life years (DALY, a metric similar to quality adjusted life years QALY) expected to be lost in the future using the ReCiPe 2016 model. RESULTS The carbon footprint of each therapeutic strategy varied from 6.6 to 69.1 tCO2eq. In each, &gt;70% of the total carbon footprint was related to drug purchase. A larger fraction (10-70%) of the carbon footprint of biotherapies (rituximab, obinituzumab) and low-cost small molecules (cotrimoxazole, valaciclovir) is related to their production while it is smaller (&lt;10%) for high-cost small molecules (ibrutinib, venetoclax) that require higher R&D, sales, general and administrative costs. In the ≤65 years old/fit population, treating a patient with LyMa leads to the emission of 16.8 tCO2eq corresponding to an estimated 0.21 [95%CI 0.08-0.51] induced DALY. Treating a patient with OIV for 5 years leads to the emission of 69.1 t CO2eq (0.86 [0.35-2.09] DALY) whereas stopping the treatment at 2 years leads to the emission of 36.6 tCO2eq (0.46 [0.19-1.11] DALY). In the &gt;65 years old/unfit population, treating a patient with RB leads to the emission of 6.6 tCO2eq (0.08 [0.03-0.2] DALY) while treating a patient with RI for 5 years leads to the emission of 41.1 tCO2eq (0.51 [0.21-1.25] DALY) whereas stopping the treatment at 2 years leads to the emission of 22.7 tCO2eq (0.28 [0.12-0.69] DALY). These estimates have to be taken with caution, as they are highly dependent on the method chosen. Using non-drug specific ADEME or USEEIO mean emission factors increase the carbon footprint of 2 year OIV from 36.6 tCO2eq to 164 tCO2eq and 313 tCO2eq, respectively. On the contrary, only accounting for drug production, packaging and transport diminishes its carbon footprint to 10.8 tCO2eq. Detailed discussion on the models, on the impact of R&D and on the use of generic/biosimilar drugs will be provided at the congress. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of patients with MCL is associated with a significant carbon footprint. Integrating their carbon footprint in the therapeutic decisions (such as length of treatment) could lead to significant decreases in carbon emissions that could translate into less health damages to future generations. Drug specific carbon accounting methods seem more adapted than nonspecific ones to estimate the carbon footprint of high cost drugs . Future research is required to determine more precisely the carbon footprint of drugs and therapeutic strategies in patients with hematological malignancies.
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Macauley, Natalia, Sichen Zhong, Shuo Ding, Yachao Zeng, Bingzhang Zhang, and Gang Wu. "Fabrication and Scale-up of Highly Durable Heavy Duty Fuel Cell MEAs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (2023): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382211mtgabs.
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Medium and heavy-duty PEM fuel cells operate under much harsher conditions than light duty fuel cells and are expected to last 25,000-30,000 hours in the field. These systems must operate successfully in the presence of impurities, starting and stopping, freezing and thawing, humidity and load cycling. Therefore, materials, components, and interfaces used in such systems must be highly resistant to severe mechanical and chemical stress. Novel, highly active stable Pt and ordered PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles with well-controlled particle size and composition have been synthesized on a highly efficient PGM-free single metal active site rich carbon, to maximize their synergistic effects for enhanced performance and durability. Integrating these catalysts integrated with high O2 permeability ionomer (HOPI) in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) improved their fuel cell performance and durability, allowing the MEAs to achieve >600 mA/mgPt at 0.9 VIR-free with a mass activity loss < 30% after 150k square wave accelerated stress test (AST) cycles; and > 600 mA/cm2 (~65% efficiency) at 0.8 V, with a performance loss < 40 mV after 150K AST cycles. In a PEM fuel cell, the catalyst ink formulation and mixing processes control catalyst layer coating quality, electrode morphology, and the resulting fuel cell performance and durability. Catalyst ink properties are a result of complex solvent-catalyst-ionomer interactions that depend on the mixing method employed. Here, we compare the performance and durability of electrodes made from bath sonicated inks for ultrasonic spray coating before and after the catalyst scale up. Ink rheology and catalyst particle size are used to correlate ink properties to electrode morphology and structure and ensure consistency from batch to batch, and from small lab scale to subsequent scale-up. We evaluate and discuss the challenges that arise when transitioning from spray coating catalyst ink on a small scale, directly on a membrane, to coating more viscous inks on gas diffusion layers (GDLs), made via Mayer rod coating of ball milled inks, in anticipation of developing a roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication process. The MEA performance and durability of the novel catalyst was also evaluated under heavy duty operating conditions using M2FCT’s AST, i.e., in H2/Air, 90 ⁰C, and 50% RH. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of interactions between Pt, PtCo, carbon, ionomer, membrane, and GDLs and their impact on electrode structure, fuel cell performance and durability, as well as considerations for scale up to a R2R fabrication process. The attained information will be used to improve fuel cell electrode design, fabrication and scale-up. Acknowledgement: The project is financially supported by the Department of Energy’s Fuel Cell Technology Office under the Grant DE-SC0021671. Figure 1. (a) Comparison of H2-air fuel cell performance of HOPI-based CCMs prepared with different volume ratios of H2O to n-propanol (nPA). (b) Dependence of fuel cell performance at 0.8 and 0.7 V of the CCMs prepared with different volume ratios of H2O to nPA. (c) MEA performance of the best performing Pt (40 wt. %)/Mn-N-C MEA under various relative humidity. (d) The high-frequency resistance (HFR) of HOPI-based CCMs prepared with a volume ratio of 2:1. All of the tests were performed with a 5 cm2 differential cell with 14 parallel channels. The cell temperature was 80 ⁰C, the flow rates for H2 and air are 500 and 2000 sccm, and the backpressure is 250 kPaabs. The Pt loading in the anode and cathode are 0.1 and 0.2 mgPt/cm2, respectively. Figure 1
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Elmir, H., B. Dennai, and M. Fillali. "Effect of proton radiation on the performance ofInGaP/GaAs solar cell." Journal of Ovonic Research 17, no. 3 (2021): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2021.173.307.
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To understand the effect of radiation on the performance of tandem solar cells based on III-V materials in space and AM0 ; we exposed our solar cell InGaP/GaAs to proton ions radiation with different energy using SRIM simulation software( Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter ) [1], and we investigate the effect of proton energy. The I-V characteristics and degradation of the electrical parameters (efficiency EFF; current schourt-circuit Jsc, voltage open-cicuit Vco and FF) are simulated by SILVACO TCAD [2] simulation software before and after irradiation.
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Huang, Kenneth H., Mona R. Loutfy, Salix Boulet, Emil Toma, Christos M. Tsoukas, and Nicole F. Bernard. "Predictive value of immune parameters before treatment interruption (TI) for CD4+ T-cell count change during TI in HIV infection." Antiviral Therapy 14, no. 3 (2008): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350901400304.
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Background Despite the contraindications, stopping treatment for HIV infection continues to be a common practice. Understanding whether T-cell proliferative capacity and phenotypic markers before treatment interruption (TI) can predict CD4+ T-cell count change and nadir during TI would be clinically useful. Methods This retrospective study included 27 HIV- infected patients in the chronic phase of infection while on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) who underwent a TI. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a baseline pre-TI time point were screened for T-cell proliferation to cytomegalovirus (CMV) lysate, an HIV Gag p55 peptide pool as well as positive and negative control stimuli. CD28 and CD57 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were measured. Results Baseline viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, pre-cART nadir CD4+ T-cell and percentage CD4+CD28+ T-cells were all predictive of the lowest CD4+ T-cell count during TI (Spearman's correlation P<0.05 for all analyses). In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells proliferation to CMV lysate, baseline CD4+ T-cell count and percentage CD4+CD57+ T-cells correlated negatively with CD4+ T-cell decrease during TI (Spearman's correlation P<0.05 for all analyses). Conclusions In treated chronic HIV-infected patients, pre-TI immune parameters are potential predictors for both the nadir CD4+ T-cell count and CD4+ T-cell count decrease during TI.
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Ordiales, Helena, Ignacio Alcalde, Fernando Vázquez, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós, and Carla Martín Cueto. "Cell Surface Glycosaminoglycans as Receptors for Adhesion of Candida spp. to Corneal Cells." Polish Journal of Microbiology 71, no. 1 (2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-008.
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Abstract The most common causal agents of fungal keratitis are yeasts of the Candida genus. Adhesion constitutes the first stage of pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that glycosaminoglycans from the corneal cell surface play an essential role in bacterial keratitis, although little is known about their role in fungal infections. The objective of this work is to analyze the role that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play in the adhesion of fungi of the Candida genus to corneal epithelial cells. The participation of GAGs in the adhesion of fungi was studied through the specific inhibition of the synthesis of these molecules by enzymatic digestion using specific lyases and the silencing of various genes involved in heparan sulfate sulfation. The results seem to indicate that glycosaminoglycans act to some extent as receptors for this fungus, although there are differences between fungal species. Treatment with inhibitors partially reduced the adherence of fungal species. Digestion of cell surface heparan sulfate further reduced the adherence of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata compared to chondroitin sulfate, indicating that the binding is preferentially mediated by heparan sulfate. Degradation of both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate produced similar effects on the adherence of Candida parapsilosis. However, adhesion of C. albicans hyphae is not dependent on GAGs, suggesting the expression of other adhesins and the recognition of other receptors present in corneal cells. Our results open the door to new strategies for stopping the adhesion of pathogenic fungi, and their subsequent invasion of the cornea; thus, reducing the probability of the keratitis development.
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Koval, Natalia E., Fabiana Da Pieve, and Emilio Artacho. "Ab initio electronic stopping power for protons in Ga 0.5 In 0.5 P/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells for space applications." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (2020): 200925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200925.
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Motivated by the radiation damage of solar panels in space, firstly, the results of Monte Carlo particle transport simulations are presented for proton impact on triple-junction Ga 0.5 In 0.5 P/GaAs/Ge solar cells, showing the proton projectile penetration in the cells as a function of energy. It is followed by a systematic ab initio investigation of the electronic stopping power (ESP) for protons in different layers of the cell at the relevant velocities via real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The ESP is found to depend significantly on different channelling conditions, which should affect the low-velocity damage predictions, and which are understood in terms of impact parameter and electron density along the path. Additionally, we explore the effect of the interface between the layers of the multilayer structure on the energy loss of a proton, along with the effect of strain in the lattice-matched solar cell. Both effects are found to be small compared with the main bulk effect. The interface energy loss has been found to increase with decreasing proton velocity, and in one case, there is an effective interface energy gain.
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Berkower, Ira, and Konstantin Virnik. "Rubella/SIV vectors for immunotherapy of SIV infection in rhesus macaques." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 225.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.225.21.
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Abstract Currently available anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can fully suppress viremia after SIV infection in macaques, but the drugs do not cure infection. When ART drugs are withdrawn, the virus rebounds vigorously. Apparently, ART cannot control or eliminate viral reservoirs. We postulate that early ART, combined with induction of strong T-cell immunity via live viral vectors, can achieve a functional cure by reducing or eliminating long-lived viral reservoirs. This could be detected as lack of viral rebound when ART is stopped. We have developed the rubella vaccine strain (RA27/3)as a live attenuated viral vector that was safe and highly immunogenic in rhesus macaques. Rubella vectors-expressing SIV Gag replicated vigorously in vivo while eliciting potent T cellimmunity to gag. The vectors alsoelicited anti-Gag antibodies that were equal to SIV infection, durable for &gt;1 year, and were boosted by re-exposure to the vector. We are testing immunotherapy in a three stage experiment: 1st stage, SIV infection followed by starting ART on day 3; 2nd, Immunizing with SIV/Gag vectors while on ART; 3rd Stopping ART and measuring viral rebound. So far, we have shown complete viral suppression while on ART and a good immune response to the rubella vector and to the gag insert. Pending viral loads will indicate whether all control animals were infected by SIV, and any reduction or delay in viral rebound due to immunotherapy effects on the viral reservoir. The results in primate models may predict the effect of immune therapy on recent HIV infection of humans. This approach could be ideal for treating HIV infection in infants, since the viral reservoir is small, and the immune system is still intact and capable of responding to the rubella/gagvector.
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Laaraj, Salah, Aziz Tikent, Mohamed Chebaibi, et al. "A Study of the Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Capabilities, Antibacterial Effectiveness, and Cytotoxic Effects on Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using an Ethanolic Extract from the Aerial Parts of the Indigenous Plant Anabasis aretioïdes Coss. & Moq." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 11 (2024): 12375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110735.
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Anabasis aretioïdes contain numerous bioactive compounds that provide several advantages, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic characteristics. This study aimed to make a hydroethanolic extract from the aerial part of the plant, analyze its biochemical compounds, and test its biological activities. From HPLC-DAD analysis, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillin bioactives were found to be the main compounds in the extract. The spectrometric tests revealed that the extract was rich in flavonoids (8.52 ± 0.32 mg RE/100 g DW), polyphenols (159.32 ± 0.63 mg GAE/100 g DW), and condensed tannins (8.73 ± 0.23 mg CE/100 g DW). The extract showed significant antioxidant activity. There were strong correlations between the amount of flavonoid or polyphenol and the antioxidant assays, including ABTS, DPPH, β-carotene, and TAC. The extract also showed highly effective results against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis as well as against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and showed promising cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The in silico modeling of the bioactive compounds contained in the extract illustrated their interaction mode with the active sites of particular target proteins, and it showed that rutin had the strongest effect on stopping NADPH oxidase enzyme, with a glide score of −6.889 Kcal/mol. Sinapic acid inhibited E. coli beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase (−7.517 kcal/mol), and apigenin showed high binding affinity to S. aureus nucleoside di-phosphate kinase, with −8.656 kcal/mol. Succinic acid has the strongest anticancer effect for caspase-3, with a glide score of −8.102 kcal/mol. These bioactive components may be beneficial as antioxidant and antibacterial applications in medicine, foods, natural cosmetics, and breast cancer prevention in the future. As a result, the use of this indigenous plant must be considered to maximize its value and preservation.
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Mandal, Kaushik, Damilola Asharobi, Salini Chellappan Kumar, and Huijuan Liao. "New Onset Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus, Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Subsequent Autoimmune Hepatitis With Monoclonal Antibody to Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Protein Therapy in a Patient With Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: 18 Months Follow up Experience." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A393—A394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.801.
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Abstract Background: Monoclonal antibody to Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) protein binds to PD-1 receptor and blocks its interaction with PD Ligand 1 and PD Ligand 2, which helps restore the immune response for various types of cancer treatment are used widely. These agents are associated with many auto immune diseases. We describe a case where a patient treated with PD-1 inhibitor manifested three autoimmune diseases. Clinical Case: A 62 year old female with past medical history of Non small cell adenocarcinoma stage IV with gluteal muscle metastasis was referred to endocrinology for new onset Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Family history was negative for thyroid and other autoimmune diseases, Her brother had type 2 DM. On physical examination: elderly female, thin built, BMI: 16.7 kg/m2 with a non-palpable thyroid and no skin lesions. Patient was started on Pembrolizumab every 3 weeks. During 2nd cycle, her basic metabolic panel revealed blood glucose level of 409 mg/dl, negative serum ketone, normal anion gap of 11 and HbA1c: 7.0 %, Anti TPO: positive; 9 (ref&lt;9 IU/mL) with normal TSH, Ft4 and T3 level. C-peptide level was &lt;0.1 (ref: 0.8- 3.85); Glutamic acid (GAD) antibody elevated: &gt;250 (ref range&lt;5), and Islet Cell Antibody was negative. CT scan of abdomen with contrast showed pancreas within normal limit. Prior to initiation of Pembrolizumab therapy her HbA1C was 5.3 and 8 am serum cortisol level was 19 ug/dl. She was started on multiple dose of subcutaneous insulin therapy for autoimmune DM. Her DM was well controlled on .77 units/ kg insulin dosage targeting a finger stick of 140–200 mg%. Following 16 cycles of Pembrolizumab patient was found to have elevated liver enzymes ALT 807 U/L, AST 1109 U/L, total bilirubin 2.1 mg/dL, with concerns for autoimmune hepatitis. A CT scan with contrast ruled out any metastatic lesion to liver, follow up labs with HbA1c 12.3%, TSH 1.09 uIU/mL, C-peptide remains&lt;0.01 and TPO Ab remains positive: 60 IU/mL. Patient’s HLA pattern was heterozygous DR4-DQ8 and heterogyzous DR1-DQ5 haplotype. Conclusion: The loss of β cell function in our case appeared to be fulminant as suggested by the relatively low glycated hemoglobin level while C-peptide level was undetectable at diagnosis of autoimmune DM. High dose steroid therapy was not successful in reversing the condition and another case reported beta cell destruction was halted by stopping the check point inhibitor therapy. Recently, American society of Oncology article suggested measuring glucose at baseline and with each treatment cycle during induction for 12 weeks, then every 3–6 weeks thereafter risk factors for each subtype of DM to be assessed[1]. Reference: 1. Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline, Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018 36:17, 1714–1768, DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.6385
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Amanbayev, Daler, Wolfgang R. Plaß, Timo Dickel, et al. "Technical design report for the cryogenic stopping cell of the Super-FRS at FAIR." European Physical Journal Special Topics, May 8, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01605-z.
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Abstract Precision experiments with thermalized exotic nuclei will be possible at the super-conducting fragment separator Super-FRS at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). In the Early Science/First Science programs of FAIR, they will be performed at the focal plane FHF1 of the Super-FRS (in front of the High-Energy Branch) and, at a later stage during First Science++, also at the Low-Energy Branch. Exotic nuclei will be produced in flight and separated in the Super-FRS and their momentum spread will be reduced by energy-bunching. The ions will be further slowed down in a homogeneous degrader, thermalized in a gas-filled stopping cell, and extracted and transferred to the experimental setups. The stopping cell is, thus, a key device for experiments with thermalized exotic nuclei, and its performance characteristics will have a strong impact on the range of nuclides available and their yields, since its stopping and extraction efficiencies and extraction times strongly influence the rate of the extracted nuclei and put a limit on their lifetimes. In combination with a multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the stopping cell will enable the measurement of masses, branching ratios, e.g., $$\beta$$ β -delayed (multi-)neutron emission probabilities, and lifetimes, as well as the in-cell production of exotic nuclei by multi-nucleon transfer with primary and secondary beams. Moreover, it will be a tool for the absolute calibration of the particle identification in the Super-FRS. Furthermore, using the combination of accurate mass determination with the PID of the Super-FRS on an event-by-event basis, completely new experimental possibilities will become available, such as the identification of millisecond isomers at the Super-FRS and the measurement of the dependence of the isomer-to-ground-state ratios on the production mechanism. These studies will be pursued in the context of the Super-FRS Experiment Collaboration. At the Low-Energy Branch, high-accuracy mass measurements, in-trap conversion electron and alpha spectroscopy, and trap-assisted spectroscopy will be performed with MATS (Precision Measurements of very short-lived nuclei using an Advanced Trapping System for highly charged ions). Measurements of nuclear spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, and root-mean-square charge radii will be carried out using collinear laser spectroscopy on ions and atoms and beta-NMR experiments with LaSpec (Laser Spectroscopy of short-lived nuclei). These experiments will address a wide scientific field ranging from nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics to tests of the weak interaction and of the Standard Model. For the Super-FRS, a stopping cell with an areal density of $$20\,\hbox {mg/cm}^2$$ 20 mg/cm 2 is required, with a cross-section of the stopping volume of $$200\,\hbox {cm}^2$$ 200 cm 2 , a high extraction efficiency that is element-independent, an extraction time on the order of 10 ms, and a rate capability of $$10^7$$ 10 7 ions/s up to a nuclear charge of Z=92. Furthermore, the stopping cell needs to deliver bunches of ions with high purity. No existing stopping cell is capable of reaching these performance characteristics simultaneously. To fulfill these requirements, a novel concept for gas-filled stopping cells has been developed. It is based on the cryogenic stopping cell of the FRS Ion Catcher, and, in addition, it implements the two-stage extraction of the thermalized ions in a direction orthogonal to the incoming ion beam (high-areal-density orthogonal-extraction cryogenic stopping cell, HADO-CSC). This will boost all performance characteristics of the stopping cell and thus remove the performance bottleneck of present stopping cells for the thermalization of exotic nuclei produced at relativistic energies.
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Anh, Le Tuan, Phan Viet Cuong, Paul Constantin, et al. "SIMULATION FOR OPTIMIZING THE DESIGN OF CRYOGENIC STOPPING CELL FOR THE IGISOL FACILITY AT ELI-NP." Communications in Physics 29, no. 3 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/29/3/13831.
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The production of exotic neutron-rich ion beams from photofission of the actinide targets in an IGISOL facility will be studied via an experimental program that will take place at the Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) facility. Geant4 simulation toolkit was used for optimizing the target configuration in order to maximize the rate of released photofission fragments from targets placed in a cell filled with He gas
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Mollaebrahimi, A., D. Amanbayev, S. Ayet San Andrés, et al. "Recent Upgrades of the Gas Handling System for the Cryogenic Stopping Cell of the FRS Ion Catcher." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, July 2023, 168554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168554.
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v.d. Wense, Lars, Benedict Seiferle, Mustapha Laatiaoui та Peter G. Thirolf. "Determination of the extraction efficiency for 233U source α-recoil ions from the MLL buffer-gas stopping cell". European Physical Journal A 51, № 3 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2015-15029-8.
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Mileva, Tiffany Angelita Putri, Ni Wayan Sudatri, and I. Made Sara Wijana. "LAMA WAKTU PENGHENTIAN KONSUMSI SOJU TERHADAP KADAR ALKOHOL HATI, MORFOLOGI HATI, DAN GAMBARAN HEMATOLOGI TIKUS PUTIH." SIMBIOSIS, April 2, 2024, 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsimbiosis.2024.v12.i01.p07.
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Alcohol consumption behaviors such as soju can increase metabolic syndrome disease. The elimination of alcohol in the body can determine the last time a person consumed alcohol through post-absorption assessment of alcohol. This study was conducted to determine changes in liver macroscopic morphology, liver alcohol levels and hematological features after stopping soju administration in white rats. The research design used was a complete randomized design with 4 treatments, namely the examination time P(0) 0 days, P(1) 3 days, P(2) 7 days, and P(3) 10 days. The methods used in this study are liver weight weighing, observation of macroscopic morphological conditions of the liver, examination of alcohol levels with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and hematological examination with haematology analyzer. The results showed that stopping soju for 10 days had a significant effect on reducing liver weight and reducing fatty liver, decreased alcohol levels, red blood cell count, PCV percentage and hemoglobin levels that returned to the normal range. While the number of white blood cells does not show any influence and the value is below the normal range. Keywords: alcohol, liver, blood profile, soju, white rat
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Lavell, M. J., A. J. Kish, A. T. Sexton, et al. "Verification of a Monte Carlo binary collision model for simulating elastic and inelastic collisions in particle-in-cell simulations." Physics of Plasmas 31, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0190352.
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We present the development and verification of a Monte Carlo binary collision model for simulating elastic and inelastic collisions in particle-in-cell simulations. We apply the corrected binary collision model originally developed for charged-particles collisions to all considered scattering channels, including Coulomb collisions, elastic neutral–neutral and charged–neutral collisions, ionization, excitation, and fusion. The model's implementation is described and verified through a series of simulations, including charged- and neutral-particle thermal equilibration, slowing of electrons in warm solid-density aluminum, collisional damping of a Langmuir wave, helium gas breakdown in an applied electric field, and thermonuclear and beam–target fusion. Then, we demonstrate the model within simulations of hydrogen plasma formation in the Princeton Field-Reversed Configuration as well as of the burning of aneutronic fusion fuel p-11B. The latter includes measurement of the fusion power density in a low-density plasma and fusion production due to the stopping of a proton ignitor beam in a compressed boron target.
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Knecht, A., A. Skawran, and S. M. Vogiatzi. "Study of nuclear properties with muonic atoms." European Physical Journal Plus 135, no. 10 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00777-y.
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AbstractMuons are a fascinating probe to study nuclear properties. Muonic atoms can easily be formed by stopping negative muons inside a material. The muon is subsequently captured by the nucleus and, due to its much higher mass compared to the electron, orbits the nucleus at very small distances. During this atomic capture process, the muon emits characteristic X-rays during its cascade down to the ground state. The energies of these X-rays reveal the muonic energy level scheme, from which properties like the nuclear charge radius or its quadrupole moment can be extracted. While almost all stable elements have been examined using muons, probing highly radioactive atoms has so far not been possible. The muX experiment has developed a technique based on transfer reaction inside a high-pressure hydrogen/deuterium gas cell to examine targets available only in microgram quantities.
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Sonoda, T., I. Katayama, M. Wada, et al. "Conceptual study on parasitic low-energy RI beam production with in-flight separator BigRIPS and the first stopping examination for high-energy RI beams in the parasitic gas cell." Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2019, no. 11 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptz120.
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Abstract An in-flight separator performs the important role of separating a single specific radioactive isotope (RI) beam from the thousands of RI beams produced by in-flight fission as well as projectile fragmentation. However, when looking at ``separation'' from a different viewpoint, more than 99% of simultaneously produced RI beams are just eliminated in the focal plane slits or elsewhere in the separator. In order to enhance the effective usability of the RIKEN in-flight separator BigRIPS, we have been developing an innovative method: parasitic laser ion source (PALIS), which implements parasitic low-energy RI beam production by saving eliminated RI beams during BigRIPS experiments. In this paper, we present the expected benefits and feasibility for the PALIS concept and the results of the first stopping examination for high-energy RI beams in the gas cell.
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Jessica, Warbinek, Andelic Brankica, Block Michael, et al. "Advancing Radiation-Detected Resonance Ionization towards Heavier Elements and More Exotic Nuclides." Atoms 10(2), no. 41 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms10020041.
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Journal article in the Special Issue "Atomic Structure of the Heaviest Elements" in <em>Atoms </em>submitted in the context of the "Virtual Workshop on the Atomic Structure of Actinides & Related Topics" conference proceedings. In our article, we report on the recent developments in the Radiation Detected Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RADRIS) method for applications to the heaviest actinides. This method is based on laser spectroscopy, which is a powerful tool to study the atomic and nuclear structure of these exotic elements allowing to benchmark theoretical studies. As the heaviest actinides do not naturally occur on earth, they need to be artificially produced in atom-at-a-time quantities at large-scale accelerator facilities and studied immediately after production due to their short half-lives. The RADRIS method is dedicated to the study of the heaviest elements, as common laser spectroscopy techniques are not capable of performing such challenging low-yield experiments. Only recently, the first laser spectroscopic investigation of nobelium (Z=102) was performed by applying the RADRIS technique in a buffer-gas filled stopping cell at the GSI in Darmstadt, Germany. To extend this technique for more short-lived and more long-lived nuclides and to enhance the overall efficiency of RADRIS, multiple developments were performed, which are described in our article. With the recent advances in this technique, the first laser spectroscopy of the short-lived <sup>251</sup>No (t<sub>1/2</sub>=0.8s) will become possible with RADRIS and the newly enhanced efficiency will benefit future experiments on the search for atomic levels in the heaviest actinide element, lawrencium (Z=103).
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Vasilieva, Irina, Maria Vasilieva, and Ilie Vasiliev. "Intralipid blocks the entry of the SARS-Cov2/COVID/19 virus into cells by maintaining receptor a leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor competitor." Special journal of the Medical Academy and other Life Sciences 1, no. 3 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58676/sjmas.v1i1.15.
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The effectiveness of Intralipid against SARS-Cov2/COVID/19 with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) prevention or regression is described in the original scientific paper [1]. Intralipid at Oxidative and Nitro-Galogenic stress in patients with SARS-Cov2 / COVID /19, favors the predominance of the membrane-cytoprotective action of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) / Reactive Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) over the membrane-to-destructive action, restoring the balance between [ROS /AS] / [RNS / ANOS]. Membrane-cytoprotective mechanism Intralipid is due to a decrease in ROS and RNS and an increase in the activity of the Antioxidant System (AS) and Anti Nitro Oxidant System (ANOS), stopping lipid peroxidation (LPO), reducing Electro-Ion Membrane Distress Syndrome (Maria&Irina Vasilieva syndrome) [2], accelerates the regeneration of endothelial and epithelial cells of the alveolar acinus, restoring gas-respiratory metabolism and the predominance of physiological cell apoptosis over necrosis. Intralipid at SARS-Cov 2 / COVID / 19 opposes Microcirculatory Mitochondrial Distress syndrome (MMDS) by Microcirculatory - Mitochondrial Recruitment; as a result of which pCO2 (AVgap) <6 mm Hg, since LPO decreases and at the level of mitochondrial membranes, improving the function of Mitochondrial permeability transition pore-dependent Ca uniporter, mPT pore, support energy metabolism, eliminating energy deficits, restoring Extreme / Abnormal myelopoiesis and impaired autophagy (mitophagy). Thus, Intralipid has been shown in the strategy of targeted treatment of LPO in Oxidative and Nitro-Galogenic stress in patients with SARS-Cov2 /COVID / 19.
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Vasilieva, Irina, Maria Vasilieva, and Ilie Vasiliev. "Intralipid blocks the entry of the SARS-Cov2/COVID/19 virus into cells by maintaining receptor a leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor competitor." Special journal of the Medical Academy and other Life Sciences 1, no. 3 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58676/sjmas.v1i3.15.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The effectiveness of Intralipid against SARS-Cov2/COVID/19 with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) prevention or regression is described in the original scientific paper [1]. Intralipid at Oxidative and Nitro-Galogenic stress in patients with SARS-Cov2 / COVID /19, favors the predominance of the membrane-cytoprotective action of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) / Reactive Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) over the membrane-to-destructive action, restoring the balance between [ROS /AS] / [RNS / ANOS]. Membrane-cytoprotective mechanism Intralipid is due to a decrease in ROS and RNS and an increase in the activity of the Antioxidant System (AS) and Anti Nitro Oxidant System (ANOS), stopping lipid peroxidation (LPO), reducing Electro-Ion Membrane Distress Syndrome (Maria&Irina Vasilieva syndrome) [2], accelerates the regeneration of endothelial and epithelial cells of the alveolar acinus, restoring gas-respiratory metabolism and the predominance of physiological cell apoptosis over necrosis. Intralipid at SARS-Cov 2 / COVID / 19 opposes Microcirculatory Mitochondrial Distress syndrome (MMDS) by Microcirculatory - Mitochondrial Recruitment; as a result of which pCO2 (AVgap) <6 mm Hg, since LPO decreases and at the level of mitochondrial membranes, improving the function of Mitochondrial permeability transition pore-dependent Ca uniporter, mPT pore, support energy metabolism, eliminating energy deficits, restoring Extreme / Abnormal myelopoiesis and impaired autophagy (mitophagy). Thus, Intralipid has been shown in the strategy of targeted treatment of LPO in Oxidative and Nitro-Galogenic stress in patients with SARS-Cov2 /COVID / 19.
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Erten, H. İ., G. Çimen, F. M. Yıldıztekin, and M. Güden. "Analysis and Comparison of the Projectile Impact Response of an Electron Beam Melt-Ti64 Body Centered Cubic Lattice-Cored Sandwich Plate." Experimental Mechanics, January 28, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-025-01150-9.
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Abstract Background One potential application of additively fabricated lattice structures is in the blade containment rings of gas turbine engines. The blade containment rings are expected to be able to absorb the kinetic energy of a released blade (broken blade) in order to protect the engine parts from damaging. Metallic lattice-cored sandwich plates provide a gap (free space) between two face sheets, which helps to arrest the released blade and increases the energy absorption capability of containment rings. Objective The objective was to investigate numerically the projectile impact response of Body-Centered-Cubic (BCC) Electron-Beam-Melt (EBM) lattice-cored/Ti64 face sheet sandwich plates as compared with that of an equal-mass monolithic EBM-Ti64 plate. Methods The projectile impact simulations were implemented in LS-DYNA using the previously determined flow stress and damage models and a spherical steel impactor at the velocities ranging from 150 to 500 m s−1. The experimental projectile impact tests on the monolithic plate were performed at two different impact velocities and the results were used to confirm the validity of the used flow stress and damage models for the monolithic plate models. Results Lower impact stresses were found numerically in the sandwich plate as compared with the monolithic plate at the same impact velocity. The bending and multi-cracking of the struts over a wide area in the sandwich plate increased the energy absorption and resulted in the arrest of the projectile at relatively high velocities. While monolithic plate exhibited a local bent area, resulting in the development of high tensile stresses and the projectile perforations at lower velocities. Conclusions The numerical impact stresses in the sandwich plate were distributed over a wider area around the projectile, leading to the fracture and bending of many individual struts which significantly increased the resistance to the perforation. Hence, the investigated lattice cell topology and cell, strut, and face sheet sizes and the lattice-cored sandwich plate was shown potentially more successful in stopping the projectiles than the equal-mass monolithic plates.
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Meskhidze, Ketevan. "The Battle for Semiconductor Technology: The Tense China-US-Taiwan Triangle and Escalation's Hidden Threat." VECTORS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, no. 8 (December 30, 2024). https://doi.org/10.51895/vss8/meskhidze.
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It will not be an exaggeration to say that the 21st century is hard to imagine without modern computers, cell phones or "smart technologies", the role of which and the dependence of people on them in everyday life is growing rapidly. Besides, the world is unimaginable without largely discussed 5G technology and its impact on industry or labor market, which together with the economic activity is closely linked to the military industry, the development of which is impossible without free access to microchips or modern high-tech components. Yet, while using different technologies, we rarely think about the ABCs of the production of its components. If we take a closer look at the situation in the current market, we will be convinced that they bear not just economic, but the greatest geopolitical and strategic load as well, that may be compared with oil and gas, however, the difference is the semiconductors can't be substituted by the alternative sources. These seemingly small squares hold a mysterious power so crucial to our civilization that stopping their production for any reason paralyzes the economy across the planet. In that respect it became especially obvious after the end of the Covid-19 pandemic, when microchip shortages have disrupted manufacturing processes and global supply chains; what's more, a number of high-tech industries were completely paralyzed. Therefore, the leading countries while engaged in the technological competition and marathon spare no effort and trying to expand their spheres of influence in the global production chain of semiconductors and micro or nano technologies. This article reviews the current situation in the world in that respect and how it is changing not only the world of microelectronics, but also politics. It focuses on how the pandemic and chip shortages have turned Taiwan's largely anonymous services company TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) into the center of a global battle for future technologies. It also shows the tense situation between China and the United States and Taiwan, and how acute and sensitive it is for China to "return" Taiwan to become the absolute leader in the production of microchips, not to mention security, because in the event of the deployment of Chinese military bases there, the entire chain of islands and the nearest water Space control will be secured. The modern trends of globalization are complexly changing the security environment and the future will show what happens tomorrow, however, we want to believe that all countries involved in the abovementioned processes will still be able to find common ground, which will ultimately ensure the prevention of new military conflicts and innocent life loss. Keywords: Semiconductors, “Smart Technologies”, China, Taiwan, Microchip Manufacturing, “Silicon Shield”.
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Kinloch-de Loes, Sabine, Lucy Dorrell, Hongbing Yang, et al. "Aviremia 10 Years Postdiscontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection and Association With Gag-Specific T-Cell Responses." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2, no. 4 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofv144.
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Abstract Combination antiretroviral therapy during primary human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection may enable long-term drug-free virological control in rare individuals. We describe a female who maintained aviremia and a normal CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio for 10 years after stopping therapy, despite a persistent viral reservoir. Cellular immune responses may have contributed to this outcome.