Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Granit“

A study of geochemical characteristic of major elelemnt of granitoid in Western Indonesia Region was carried out at Natuna, Bangka, Singkep and Sibolga. The SiO2 contents of the granites are 71.16 to 73.02 wt%, 71.77 to 75.56wt% and 71.16 to 73.02wt% at Natuna, Bangka, and Singkep respectively, which are classified as acid magma. While in Sibolga the SiO2 content from 60.27 to 71.44wt%, which is classified as intermediate to acid magma. Based on Harker Diagram, the granites from Natuna, Bangka and Singkep as a co-genetic. In other hand the Sibolga Granite show as a scatter pattern. Granites of Natuna, Bangka and Singkep have the alkaline-total (Na2O + K2O) between 6.03 to 8.51 wt% which are classified as granite and alkali granite regime. K2O content ranges from 3.49 to 5.34 wt% and can be classified as calc-alkaline type. The content of alkaline-total of Sibolga granite between 8.12 to 11.81 wt% and classified as a regime of syenite and granite. The range of K2O is about 5.36 to 6.94wt%, and assumed derived from high-K magma to ultra-potassic types. Granites of Natuna, Bangka and Singkep derived from the plutonic rock types and calc-alkaline magma, while Sibolga granite magma derived from K-high to ultra-potassic as a granite of islands arc. Based on the chemical composition of granite in Western Indonesian Region can be divided into two groups, namely Sibolga granite group is representing the Sumatera Island influenced by tectonic arc system of Sumatera Island. Granites of Bangka and Singkep are representing a granite belt in Western Indonesian Region waters which is influenced by tectonic of back arc.Keywords: magma, geochemical characteristic, major element and Western Indonesian Region Kajian karakteristik geokimia dari unsur utama granitoid di Kawasan Barat Indonesia telah dilakukan di daerah Natuna, Bangka, Singkep dan Sibolga. Kandungan SiO2 granit Natuna antara 71,16 - 73,02%, Bangka antara 71,77 - 75,56%, Singkep antara 72,68 - 76,81% termasuk dalam magma asam. Granit Sibolga memiliki kandungan SiO2 antara 60,27 - 71,44% termasuk dalam magma menengah - asam. Berdasarkan Diagram Harker, granit Natuna, Bangka dan Singkep mempunyai asal kejadian yang sama (ko-genetik), sedangkan granit Sibolga membentuk pola pencar. Granit Natuna, Bangka dan Singkep mengandung total alkalin (K2O+Na2O) antara 6,03 - 8,51% termasuk dalam jenis rejim granit dan alkali granit. Berdasarkan kandungan K2O antara 3,49 - 5,34 %berat, bersifat kalk-alkali. Granit Sibolga mengandung total alkali antara 8,12 - 11,81% termasuk dalam rejim syenit dan granit, dan berdasarkan kandungan K2O antara 5,36 - 6,94% berasal dari jenis magma K-tinggi sampai ultra-potassik. Granit Natuna, Bangka dan Singkep berasal dari jenis batuan beku dalam dan magma kalk-alkalin yang berhubungan dengan penunjaman, sedangkan granit Sibolga berasal dari jenis magma K-tinggi - ultra-potassik sebagai granit busur kepulauan. Berdasarkan komposisi unsur kimia utama, granit di Kawasan Barat Indonesia dapat dibagi dalam dua, yaitu granit Sibolga yang mewakili P. Sumatera, dipengaruhi oleh sistem tektonik busur P. Sumatera. Granit Bangka dan Singkep dapat mewakili suatu jalur granit di perairan Kawasan Barat Indonesia yang dipengaruhi oleh tektonik busur belakang. Kata kunci: jenis magma, karakteristik geokimia, unsur utama, dan Kawasan Barat Indonesia

ABSTRAKPulau Singkep adalah bagian dari jalur timah Asia Tenggara, yang salah satu litologinya tersusun oleh granit Muncung. Keberadaan granit tersebut memungkinkan adanya cebakan mineral radioaktif yang prospek terhadap uranium dan thorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keterdapatan mineral radioaktif pada granit Muncung sebagai tahap awal untuk penilaian prospek uranium dan thorium di Pulau Singkep. Metoda yang digunakan adalah pengambilan sampel batuan granit, analisis petrografi sampel granit Muncung, analisis kadar uranium dan thorium serta analisis butir sampel konsentrat dulang yang diambil di wilayah granit Muncung. Mineral radioaktif pada granit Muncung adalah monasit dan zirkon sedangkan pada konsentrat dulang adalah monasit, zirkon, dan senotim. Persentase monasit dalam konsentrat dulang adalah 1,1 – 59,53 %, zirkon 0,68 –55,07 % dan senotim 0,39 – 3,54 %. Kadar uranium dalam konsentrat dulang adalah 30 – 1.346 ppm dan kadar thorium 557 – 13.200 ppm. Disimpulkan bahwa daerah di sekitar granit Muncung dianggap cukup prospek uranium dan thorium dan dapat dikembangkan ke tahapan eksplorasi lebih detail. ABSTRACTSingkep Island is part of Southeast Asia tin belt, which is one of the lithologies, composed of granite Muncung. Existence of granite allows formed deposits of radioactive minerals that prospect of the uranium and thorium. This research goal is to identify radioactive minerals occurrences on granit Muncung in the initial stage for prospect assessment of uranium and thorium in Singkep Island. The Methodologies are granite sampling, petrography analysis of Muncung granite samples, uranium and thorium content analysis and grain size analysis of pan concentrate samples. Radioactive minerals in Muncung granite are monazite and zircon, while in pan concentrate they are monazite, zircon, and xenotime. The percentage of monazite, zircon, and xenotime in the pan concentrate are 1.1–59.53 %, 0.68–55.07 %, and 0.3–3.54 % respectively. The uranium and thorium content in the pan concentrate are 30–1,346 ppm and 557–13,200 ppm respectively. It concluded that the area around the Muncung granite considered prospect for uranium and thorium, and possibly developed into more detailed exploration stage.

Peta anomali magnetik menunjukkan bahwa perairan Bangka Belitung dicirikan oleh pasangan tinggian dan rendahan panjang gelombang anomali dengan amplitudo -200 nT—500nT. Sedangkan dari peta distribusi kerentanan magnetik, tinggian magnetik Belitung dibatasi oleh nilai kerentanan magnetik antara 0,001 cgs unit dan 0,003 cgs unit. Anomali positip rendah dicirikan oleh nilai kerentanan magnetik batuan antara 0,001-0,003 cgs unit merupakan benda intrusif bawah laut yang diduga berupa pluton granitik jenis granit-biotit yang berasosiasi dengan mineral kasiterit. Pluton granitik tersebut sama seperti granit yang berafiliasi dengan endapan timah di daratan Pulau Belitung. Misalnya singkapan granit yang terdapat di sekitar pantai Gembira yang menunjukkan tipe granit biotit porfiritik dengan fenokris ortoklas. 
 
 Kata Kunci: anomali magnetik, kerentanan magnetik, granit, Bangka Belitung
 
 
 Magnetic anomaly map shows that the Bangka Belitung waters are characterized by a pair of hight and low long-wave amplitude anomalies values of -200 nT—500 nT. While the distribution map of magnetic susceptibility magnetic high of Belitung is limited magnetic susceptibility values of 0.001 cgs units and 0.003 cgs units. Positive anomaly of low magnetic is characterized susceptibility values between 0.001 to 0.003 cgs units suggested as a body of submerged intrusive rock body granitic plutons of granite biotite type associated with casiterite mineral. Granitic plutons are the same as granite affiliated with tin deposits in the mainland island of Belitung. For example there are granite outcrops around the Gembira coast that shows the type of porphyritic biotite granite with phenocrysts ortoclas.
 
 Keywords: Magnetic anomaly, magnetic susceptibility, granite, Bangka Belitung

Hasil analisis kimia secara umum menunjukkan kesamaan antara granit dan sedimen permukaan dasar laut. Perbedaan hanya pada dua unsur, yaitu Al2O3 dan Fe2O3; kandungan Al2O3 pada granit antara 12,63 - 15,58% dan Fe2O3 antara 1,26 - 1,78%, sedangkan sedimen permukaan dasar laut Al2O3 berkisar antara 2,10 - 3,29% dan Fe2O3 antara 7,57 - 12,88%. Hasil analisis pada Diagram Harker menunjukkan penyebaran granit dan sedimen dasar laut membentuk pola searah, mengiindikasikan pola ko-magmatik.
 Selanjutnya, untuk menentukan tipe granit di P. Singkep dalam kaitannya dengan kandungan timah, dua diagram SiO2 vs FeOtot/MgO dan ACF telah digunakan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa granit Singkep termasuk daerah transisi antara tipe A dan tipe I&S dan tipe S yang kaya ilmenit dan berassosiasi dengan konsentrat timah. 
 
 Kata kunci: granit, sedimen dasar laut, kimia, tipe I&S, tipe S, timah, Pulau Singkep
 
 
 Results of chemical analyses generally show the similarities between the granites and the seafloor sediments. The difference is only in the two elements, namely Al2O3 and Fe2O3; Al2O3 contents. In the granite ranges between 12.63 to 15.58% and the Fe2O3 ranges between 1.26 to 1.78%; while the seafloor sediment shows Al2O3 between 2.10 to 3, 29% and Fe2O3 between 7.57 to 12.88%. Results of the analysis on the Harker Diagram shows the distribution of the granites and the seafloors sediments form the unidirectional pattern, indicates the co-magmatic pattern.
 Furthermore, to determine the type of granite in Singkep Island in relation with the tin content two diagram of SiO2 vs FeOtot/MgO and ACF are used. The result shows that the Singkep granite belong to the the transition area between the A and I&S and the S type which rich of ilmenite and associated with tin concentrate.
 
 Keywords: granite, sea floor sediments, chemicals, I&S type, S type, tin, Singkep Island

Kawasan pesisir timur pulau Natuna Basar memiliki garis pantai yang bervariasi, dari pantai berpasir, pantai berbatu hingga pantai berbakau. Tipe pantai barbakau hanya menempati pada kawasan muara-muara sungai yang sangat dangkal dan berlumpur. Sedangkan pantai berpasir adalah tipe pantai yang mendominasi kawasan pesisir timur pulau Natuna Besar, memanjang dari utara hingga selatan. Pantai berbatu adalah pesisir pantai dengan bongkah granit yang tersebar di kaki Gunung Ranai.
 Sebaran bongkah granit secara tidak beraturan dan tumpang tindih di kawasan pesisir menyebabkan garis pantai ini menjadi garis pantai yang bernilai wisata tinggi. Bongkah granit ini adalah bagian dari batholit granit Ranai yang merupakan batuan dasar dari kawasan kepulauan Natuna.
 
 Kata kunci : pantai, bakau, wisata, bongkah.
 
 
 East coast of Natuna Besar island has variation beach lines, sandy beach, stony beach and mangrove beach. Apparently type of mangrove beach develops in the river mouths, which are muddy and shallow. Sandy beach dominated eastern coast of Natuna Besar island, distributs form the north to the south coast. Stony beach is a coast with boulders of granite in the foot mountain of Ranai. 
 Distribution of Granite boulders are disorientation and unorganized along the east coast, because of these, the coast line has highly tourism value. Granite boulders are part of batholite Ranai granite which is base rock of Natuna islands.
 
 Keywords : coast, mangrove, tourism, boulder.

ABSTRAK Logam tanah jarang merupakan bahan stategis yang digunakan pada perangkat teknologi tinggi dan energi bersih. Di Indonesia logam tanah jarang terkandung dalam mineral monasit, zirkon, dan xenotim sebagai mineral-mineral ikutan pada penambangan timah di zona granit jalur timah Kepulauan Riau hingga Bangka Belitung. Singkep merupakan salah satu wilayah potensial logam tanah jarang karena terletak pada zona granit jalur timah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan daerah prospek logam tanah jarang di Pulau Singkep. Metoda yang digunakan adalah pengambilan 25 sampel konsentrat dulang pada beberapa tailing bekas tambang timah di Pulau Singkep. Sampel diambil pada setiap formasi batuan yang ada di Pulau Singkep dari batuan berumur tua hingga batuan berumur muda berturut-turut adalah kuarsit Bukit Duabelas berumur Permo-Karbon, komplek malihan Persing berumur Permo-Karbon, granit Muncung berumur Trias, granit Tanjungbuku berumur Yura, endapan rawa dan aluvium berumur Holosen. Setiap sampel konsentrat dulang dibagi menjadi dua bagian untuk analisis kandungan logam tanah jarang dan analisis mineral butir. Dua puluh lima (25) sampel dianalisis kandungan logam tanah jarangnya dan 14 sampel dianalisis kandungan mineral butirnya. Hasil analisis kandungan logam tanah jarang dan mineral butir menunjukkan bahwa daerah prospek logam tanah jarang terletak pada beberapa tailing bekas tambang timah di wilayah formasi batuan granit Muncung. Kadar lanthanum tertinggi mencapai 20100 ppm, cerium 37100 ppm, yttrium 9872 ppm dan neodymium 2840 ppm di mineral monasit, zirkon dan alanit.ABSTRACT Rare earth elements (REE) are strategic material used in high-tech and clean energy devices. In Indonesia, REE contained in monazite, zircon, and xenotime minerals as accessories minerals in tin mining located in the granite tin belt of Riau Islands to Bangka Belitung. Singkep is one of the potential areas of REE because its location is in the granite tin belt. The goal of the study is to determine the REE prospects in Singkep Island. The method used by taking 25 pan concentrated samples on some tailing ex tin mining on the Singkep island. These samples were taken from each rock formation on Singkep Island in sequence from older to younger rocks formation, respectively. They are Permian Carboniferous of Bukit Duabelas quartzites, Permian Carboniferous of Persing Metamorphic Rocks, Triassic Muncung granite, Jurassic Tanjungbuku granite, Holocene swamps deposits and alluvium. Each sample of pan concentrated is divided into two parts for REE content and grain mineral analysis. All 25 samples were analyzed for REE content, while only 14 samples for the grain mineral. The results of REE content and grain mineral analysis indicate that the REE prospect area located in the tailings ex tin mining in the rock formation of the Muncung granite area. The highest concentration of lanthanum reached 20100 ppm, cerium 37100 ppm, yttrium 9872 ppm, and neodymium 2840 ppm in monazite, zircon, and allanite.

Kepulauan Riau merupakan bagian dari jalur granit utama pembawa mineral dan timah, cebakan atau pengkayaan mineral diperkirakan terakumulasi sebagai endapan plaser Kuarter yang menempati lembah purba. Studi mengenai penyebaran batuan granit dan sedimen berdasarkan analisis data gayaberat di daerah ini belum pernah dilakukan. Pada eksplorasi sumberdaya mineral khususnya timah dan unsur tanah jarang, informasi mengenai keberadaan batuan granit penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui batuan sumber mineral tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran batuan granit dan batuan sedimen yang terdapat pada daerah Pulau Bintan dan sekitarnya. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara melakukan analisis data gayaberat menggunakan analisis spektral dan bandpass filter, serta pemodelan 3D inversi. Hasil analisis spektral menunjukkan ketebalan batuan sedimen rata-rata diperkirakan sebesar 1,25 km, sedangkan hasil aplikasi bandpass filter menggunakan panjang gelombang cutoff dengan batas bawah 10.000 m dan batas atas 30.000 m digunakan untuk menentukan anomali regional dan residual. Hasil analisis kualitatif memperlihatkan bahwa batuan sedimen menempati bagian baratlaut, tenggara dan baratdaya daerah penelitian, sedangkan pola penyebaran batuan granit mempunyai arah relatif baratlaut-tenggara dan utara-selatan sesuai dengan penyebaran kecenderungan regional jalur granit. Hasil pemodelan inversi 3D gayaberat menunjukkan bahwa batuan granit mempunyai nilai rapat massa rata-rata sebesar 2,65 gr/cc dan batuan sedimen mempunyai nilai rapat massa sekitar 2,4 gr/cc. Batuan granit yang muncul berdasarkan model merupakan batolit dan pada bagian atas mengalami pelapukan, batuan granit yang tererosi selanjutnya terdendapkan yang mengisi lembah-lembah sebagai batuan sedimen yang kemungkinan membawa mineral-mineral ekonomis di daerah penelitianKatakunci: Batuan granit dan sedimen, gayaberat, bandpass filter, pemodelan 3D, Pulau Bintan, Riau.

Thèse (D.R.Min.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993.<br>Thèse presentee en collaboration de l'Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi et Institute of geochemistry, Academia Sinica, China. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RielvaSCN.pdf: 3363359 bytes, checksum: 71cc2b344ad3105f66f630bfecb08e76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-05-14<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>The Brasiliano Cycle in the Serid? Belt (NE Brazil) is regarded mostly as a crustal reworking event, characterized by transcurrent or transpressional shear zones which operated under high temperature and low pressure conditions. In the eastern domain of this belt- the so-called S?o Jos? de Campestre Massif (SJCM), a transtensional deformation regime is evidenced by extensional components or structures associated to the strikeslip shear zones. The emplacement of the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano granitoids is strongly controled by these discontinuities. Located in the southern border of the SJCM, the Rem?gio-Pocinhos shear zone (RPSZ) displays, in its northern half, top to the SW extensional movement which progressively grade, towards its southern half, to a dextral strike-slip kinematics, defining a negative semi-flower structure. This shear zone is overprinted upon allocthonous metasediments of the Serid? Group and an older gneiss-migmatite complex, both of which containing metamorphic parageneses from high amphibolite to granulite facies (the latter restricted to the strike-slip zone), defining the peak conditions of deformation. Several granitoid plutons are found along this structure, emplaced coeval with the shearing event. Individually, such bodies do not exceed 30 km2 in outcropping area and are essentially parallel to the trend of the shear zone. Petrographic, textural and geochemical data allow to recognize five different granitoid suites along the RPSZ: porphyritic granites (Serra da Boa Vista and Janda?ra), alkaline granites (Serra do Algod?o and Serra do Boqueir?o) and medium to coarse-grained granites (Olivedos) as major plutons, while microgranite and aluminous leucogranite sheets occur as minor intrusions. The porphyritic granites are surrounded by metasediments and present sigmoidal or en cornue shapes parallel to the trend of the RPSZ, corroborating the dextral kinematics. Basic to intermediate igneous enclaves are commonly associated to these bodies, frequently displaying mingling textures with the host granitoids. Compositionally these plutons are made up by titanite-biotite monzogranites bearing amphibole and magnetite; they are peraluminous and show affinities to the monzonitic, subalkaline series. Peraluminous, ilmenite-bearing biotite monzogranites and titanite-biotite monzogranites correspond, respectivally, to the Olivedos pluton and the microgranites. The Olivedos body is hosted by metasediments, while the microgranites intrude the gneiss-migmatite complex. Being highly evolved rocks, samples from these granites plot in the crustal melt fields in discrimination diagrams. Nevertheless, their subtle alignment also looks consistent with a monzonitic, subalkaline affinity. These chemical parameters make them closer to the I-type granites. Alkaline, clearly syntectonic granites are also recognized along the RPSZ. The Serra do Algod?o and Serra do Boqueir?o bodies display elongated shapes parallel to the mylonite belt which runs between the northern, extensional domain and the southern strike-slip zone. The Serra do Algod?o pluton shows a characteristic isoclinal fold shape structure. Compositionally they encompass aegirine-augite alkali-feldspar granites and quartz-bearing alkaline syenite bearing garnet (andradite) and magnetite plus ilmenite as opaque phases. These rocks vary from meta to peraluminous, being correlated to the A-type granites. Aluminous leucogranites bearing biotite + muscovite ? sillimanite ? garnet (S-type granites) are frequent but not volumetrically important along the RPSZ. These sheet-like bodies may be folded or boudinaged, representing partial melts extracted from the metasediments during the shear zone development. Whole-rock Rb-Sr isotope studies point to a minimum 554&#56256;&#56434;10 Ma age for the crystalization of the porphyritic granites. The alkaline granites and the Olivedos granite produced ca. 530 Ma isochrons which look too young; such values probably represent the closure of the Rb-Sr radiometric clock after crystallization and deformation of the plutons, at least 575 Ma ago (Souza et al. 1998). The porphyritic and the alkaline granites crystallized under high oxygen fugacity conditions, as shown by the presence of both magnetite and hematite in these rocks. The presence of ilmenite in the Olivedos pluton suggests less oxidizing conditions. Amphibole and amphibole-plagioclase thermobarometers point to minimum conditions, around 750?C and 6 Kbars, for the crystallization of the porphyritic granites. The zirconium geothermometer indicates higher temperatures, in the order of 800?C, for the porphyritic granites, and 780?C for the Olivedos pluton. Such values agree with the thermobarometric data optained for the country rocks (5,7 Kbar and 765?C; Souza et al. 1998). The geochemical and isotope data set point to a lower crustal source for the porphyritic and the alkaline granites. Granulite facies quartz diorite to tonalite gneisses, belonging or akin to the gneiss-migmatite complex, probably dominate in the source regions. In the case of the alkaline rocks, subordinate contributions of mantle material may be present either as a mixing magma or as a previously added component to the source region. Tonalite to granodiorite gneisses, with some metasedimentary contribution, may be envisaged for the Olivedos granite. The diversity of granitoid rocks along the RPSZ is explained by its lithospheric dimension, allowing magma extraction at different levels, from the middle to lower crust down to the mantle. The presence of basic to intermediate enclaves, associated to the porphyritic granites, confirm the participation of mantle components in the magma extraction system along the RPSZ. This mega-structure is part of the network of Brasiliano-age shear zones, activated by continental collision and terrane welding processes at the end of the Neoproterozoic<br>O Ciclo Brasiliano na Faixa Serid? (NE do Brasil) ? considerado principalmete como um evento de retrabalhamento crustal atrav?s de zonas de cisalhamento transcorrentes ou transpressionais operando sob condi??es de alta temperatura e baixa press?o. Na por??o oriental desta faixa, mais especificamente no Maci?o S?o Jos? de Campestre (MSJC), a deforma??o em regime transtracional ? caracterizada atrav?s de um componente ou estruturas extensionais associadas aos cisalhamentos transcorrentes. O alojamento dos corpos granit?ides brasilianos ? controlado fortemente por essas descontinuidades. Localizada na borda sul do MSJC, a Zona de Cisalhamento Rem?gio-Pocinhos (ZCRP) apresenta, na sua por??o norte, movimentos extensionais com topo para SW, que gradam progressivamente a movimento transcorrentes dextrais a sul, definindo uma geometria em meia-flor negativa. Esta estrutura est? implantada sobre metassedimentos al?ctones do Grupo Serid? e um substrato gn?issico-migmat?tico mais antigo, que mostram parag?neses metam?rficas indicativas de condi??es do f?cies anfibolito a granulito (este ?ltimo restrito ao setor transcorrente), durante a atua??o dos cisalhamentos. Acompanhando esta estrutura??o s?o encontrados diversos pl?tons granit?ides com alojamento sincr?nico ao cisalhamentos. Esses corpos n?o ultrapassam 30 km2 de ?rea aflorante e apresentam-se alongados segundo o trend NE da ZCRP. Os dados petrogr?ficos/texturais e geoqu?micos permitiram a divis?o das rochas granit?ides da ZCRP em cinco unidades distintas, representadas por: granitos porfir?ticos (Serra da Boa Vista e Janda?ra), granitos alcalinos (Serra do Algod?o e Serra do Boqueir?o) e granito de textura m?dia a grossa (Olivedos), compondo os corpos de maior expressividade na ?rea, e por sheets de microgranitos e leucogranitos aluminosos Os granitos porfir?ticos encontram-se alojados nos metassedimentos, apresentando formas sigmoidais e en cornue paralelas ao trend da ZCRP, indicando uma cinem?tica dextral. Associados a estes corpos s?o comuns a presen?a de encraves magm?ticos de composi??o b?sica a intermedi?ria, que freq?entemente desenvolvem textura do tipo mingling com os granit?ides hospedeiros. Composionalmente s?o constitu?dos por titanita-biotita monzogranitos com anfib?lio e magnetita, com car?ter peraluminoso e afinidade com as rochas da s?rie subalcalina monzon?tica. Biotita monzogranitos com ilmenita e titanita-biotita monzogranitos, peraluminosos, representam, respectivamente, o pl?ton de Olivedos e os microgranitos. O corpo de Olivedos est? alojado nos metassedimentos, e os microgranitos seccionam o substrato gn?issico-migmat?tico. Por tratar-se de rochas extremamente evolu?das, as amostras desses corpos plotam, nos diagramas discriminantes de s?ries, nos campos dos granitos de fus?o crustal, todavia com um alinhamento tamb?m sugerindo uma afinidade subalcalina monzon?tica. Suas caracter?sticas qu?micas os aproximam dos granitos tipo I. Granitos de afinidade alcalina, claramente sin-tect?nicos, s?o tamb?m reconhecidos na ZCRP. Os corpos de Serra do Algod?o e Serra do Boqueir?o apresentam forma alongadas, paralelas ao cisalhamento que limita o setor extensional, a norte, do setor transcorrente, a sul, sendo que o corpo de Serra do Algod?o apresenta uma estrutura em antiforme isoclinal. Composicionalmente englobam aegirina-augita ?lcali-feldspato granitos e quartzo ?lcali-sienito com granada (andradita), e magnetita + hematita como opacos. S?o rochas variando de meta a peraluminosas, correlacionadas aos granitos tipo A. De ocorr?ncia volum?trica restrita na ZCRP s?o ainda encontrados leucogranitos aluminosos com biotita + muscovita &#56256;&#56434; silimanita &#56256;&#56434; granada (tipo S), truncando os micaxistos e o complexo gn?issico-migmat?tico. Estes corpos podem estar dobrados e boudinados, e s?o considerados como produto da fus?o parcial dos metassedimentos, concomitante ? atua??o da ZCRP. Estudos isot?picos pelo m?todo Rb-Sr em rocha total indicam uma idade m?nima de 554 Ma para a cristaliza??o dos granitos porfir?ticos. Os granitos alcalinos e o granito de Olivedos fornecem idades isocr?nicas ca. 530 Ma; este valor, muito jovem, representa a idade de fechamento do sistema Rb-Sr ap?s a cristaliza??o e deforma??o dos corpos, ocorrido a pelo menos 575 Ma (Souza et al. 1998). Os granitos alcalinos e porfir?ticos cristalizaram-se sob condi??es de alta fugacidade de oxig?nio, que ? marcado pela presen?a de magnetita e hematita nestas rochas. A presen?a de ilmenita no pl?ton de Olivedos reflete condi??es menos oxidantes. Termobarometria de anfib?lio e anfib?lio-plagiocl?sio fornece condi??es m?nimas de 750?C e 6 Kbar para a cristaliza??o das rochas porfir?ticas. O geoterm?metro do zirc?nio indica temperaturas mais elevadas, na ordem de 800?C, para os corpos porfir?ticos, e 780?C para Olivedos. Estes dados s?o concordantes com dados termobarom?tricos das encaixantes (5,7 kbar e 765?C; Souza et al. 1998). O conjunto de dados gequ?micos e isot?picos aponta para uma fonte na crosta inferior para as rochas porfir?ticas e os granitos alcalinos. Provavelmente dominam na fonte os gnaisses de composi??o quartzo dior?tico a tonal?tico, em f?cies granulito, do complexo gn?issico-migmat?tico ou equivalentes. No caso das rochas alcalinas, pode ter havido a participa??o, em percentagen subordinada, de material mant?lico mesclado ao magma ou presente na fonte. Para o granito de Olivedos, ortognaisses de composi??o tonal?tica a granodior?tica, com alguma contribui??o metassedimentar, pode ser especulada. A diversidade de rochas gran?ticas na ZCRP ? atribu?da ? sua dimens?o litosf?rica, a qual permitiu a extra??o de magmas a partir de diferentes n?veis na crosta m?dia-inferior at? o manto. A presen?a de rochas de composi??o b?sica-intermediaria, associadas aos corpos porfir?ticos, confirmam a participa??o de componentes mant?licos no sistema de extra??o de magmas ao longo da ZCRP. Essa megaestrutura comp?e a rede de cisalhamentos brasilianos, ativada por processo de colis?o continental e colagem de terrenos ao final do Neoproteroz?ico

The aim of this diploma thesis is creation of competitive strategy of business company. The thesis analyses current state of company, its subject of enterprise is sale of replacement parts and equipment for agricultural machinery. It analyses influence of the external and internal environment on the company. Further was made the marketing research. The strategic targets are determined from the obtained data. The thesis contains proposal of competitive strategy and its time schedule.

Die Granit-Gneis-Komplexe der Osturalzone stellen juvenile kontinentale Kruste dar, die sich durch Aufschmelzung von Inselbogengesteinen bildete. Voraussetzung dafür war die extreme Verdickung von Inselbogenkruste durch die Stapelung von mehreren Inselbögen bei der Uralorogenese. Die Magmen wurden im postkollisionalen Stadium der Uralorogenese generiert. Bei Aufstieg und Platznahme der Schmelzen wurden Randbereiche der Plutone deformiert. So entstanden Hochtemperatur-Niedrigdruck metamorphe Gneise, die die Granitkörper im Zentrum der Kristallinkomplexe ummanteln und deren Foliation konkordant zum Rand der Granit-Gneis-Komplexe verläuft. Der Intrusionsrahmen wird von ozeanischer Lithosphäre und marinen Sedimenten gebildet. Damit ergibt sich für die Osturalzone ein bisher nicht diskutiertes Szenario: die großvolumige Intrusion stark differenzierter Schmelzen in ozeanische Kruste.

Aquest treball conté objectius i metodologies diversos però interrelacionats, les conclusions dels quals són exposades separadament.<br/><br/>- PROSPECCIÓ MINERALÒGICA A LA BATEA<br/><br/>La campanya de propecció estratègica ha estat basada en 209 mostres de concentrats en una superfície de 7'3 km2. S'han detectat dues àrees anòmales per a l'or: el Cambro-Ordovicià del SW d'Andorra, i el contacte S del granit d'Andorra, en les comarques de la Cerdanya i l'Alt Urgell. La geologia i metal.logènia d'aquesta darrera àrea són exposades a continuació, mentre que les de la primera seràn objecte de futurs treballs.<br/><br/>L'existència de scheelita en diaclases del granit i les condicions de meteorització d'aquest produeix la presència arreu d'aquest mineral en els concentrats de batea. Aquest<br/>fet invalida la scheelita com a mineral indicador de skarns en la regió.<br/><br/>Les esferes de magnetita, comuns en molts concentrats de batea, han estat atribuides a un origen antròpic i s'han desestimat en l'exploració de dipòsits minerals en la regió.<br/><br/>- GEOLOGIA<br/><br/>L'estudi litoestratigràfic ha confirmat les conclusions d'estudis anteriors. Els materials estudiats van des del Cambro-Ordovícià fins a l'Estefanià. La majoria de carbonats son al Devonià, que consisteix en una potent sèrie de calcàries i margues.<br/><br/>L'estuctura hercianana consisteix en un sistema ben desenvolupat de plecs E-W i un altre N-S de desenvolupament menor. S'han reconegut a més dos sistemes d'encavalcaments d'edat hercianana: el primer, de tipus laminar dóna lloc a una potent acumulació de calcàries devonianes amb intercalacions de pissarres negres silurianes; el segon sistema són encavalcaments fóra de sequència que tallen els anteriors i divideixen l'àrea estudiada en dues grans unitats estructurals. l'estructura herciniana mostra una zonació dels estils de deformació de l'orògen: de nord a sud hom pot observar un augment en la intensitat del plegament i una edat més tardana dels encavalcaments respecte als plecs.<br/><br/>El granit d'Andorra és una intrusió de morfologia estratoid constituida per granodiorita biotítica, grandíorita biotítica-hornblèndica i granit biotftic. No s'han observat contactes intrusius entre les diferents fàcies. Tampoc no s'ha observat cap zonació interna amb l'excepció d'un lleuger enriquiment en biotita prop dels contactes. La intrusió tingué lloc a uns 2 kbar i 650ºC. d'acord amb els equilibris silimanita + andalucita i moscovita + quars + fetdspat potàssic, observat en les corneanes pelítiques prop del contacte. La composició química de les roques plutòniques, amb o sense els enclaus, mostra una típica associació alumínmico-caf'emica, amb la majoria de termes lleugerament peralumínics. Malgrat la gama reduïda de composició la majoria d'anàlisis es projecten segons una tendència calcoalcalina amb valors baixos de la rel ació Mg/(Mg+Fe) i un caràcter un xic subalcalí. Els processos hidrotermals associats a la intrusió produiren l'alteració tocal de les roques plutòniques, així com la formació de skarns en i prop dels contactes amb les calcàries devonianes. La part sud del granit d'Andorra es troba intruida per nombrosos dics de direcció NW-SE i de composició predominantment diorítica, netament diferent de la de les roques plutòniques. Aquests podrien representar les arrels del volcanisme estefano-permià dels Pirineus, encara que manca molt més treball futur sobre aquest tema.<br/><br/>El plegament antiformal del sòcol hercinià, inclòs el granit d'Andorra, és el fet més rellevant de l'estructura alpina. En canvi no s'han observat encavalcaments alpins afectant el sòcol hercinià de l'àrea estudiada, que es comporta com un conjunt unitari. Durant l'orògen alpí té lloc igualment el joc d'un sistema atapeït de fractures NW-SE de possible edat tardi-herciniana.<br/><br/>Tots els materials i estructures anteriors han estat afectats per dos sistemes de fractures, E-W i WE-SW, associat a la formació de la depressió neògena de la Cerdanya. Tot el conjunt de fractures, des de les tardi-hercinianes fins a les recents, han afectat dràsticament la morfologia i l'estimació de reserves dels dipòsits minerals.<br/><br/>- ELS SKARNS I DIPÒSITS ASSOCIATS.<br/><br/>S'han detectat més de trenta skarns de mida hectomètrica a mêtrica a llarg d'uns deu quilòmetres de contacte reconegut de granit i calcàries. Els skarns es desenvolupen sistemàticament a les juntes inter-estrats de les calcàries, a partir del contacte intrusiu allà on aquest contacte talla l'estratificació de les calcàries amb un angle proper al recte.<br/><br/>S'han diferenciat set tipus diferents de skarns segons llur cooposició mineralògica: skarns estèrils de wollastonita-idocrasa, skarns anb tungstè, skarns de hedenbergita, skarns de magnetita, skarns de pirrotina, skarns d'arsenopirita i skarns mixtes de pirrotina i arsenopirita. Les fases metàl.liques de ferro mostren una zonació des de skarns amb pirrotina al nord de l'àrea estudiada fins a skarns de magnetita al sud. Els diferents tipus de skarns poden ser interpretats com a diferents estadis de evolució d'un mateix esdeveniment metasomàtic.<br/><br/>L'estadi I està representat per l'associació idocrasa + wollastonita. Aquests minerals es formaren per l'interacció de la calcària amb un fluid aquòs (X(C02)<0.03) a temperatures entre 700 i 550 ºC, com es dedueix dels equilibris entre silicats. El fluid circulà des del contacte amb el granit a través de les juntes d'estratificació del carbonat amb un flux canalitzat, penetrant a partir d'aquests punts en el carbonat amb un flux difòs. D'acord amb les dades d'isbtopos de C i O, la majoria de les reaccions de devolatilització en sistema obert (Rayleig) tingueren lloc en aquest estadi. La formació en diversos indrets d'un front de wollastonita massissa reduí la porositat i impedí el desenvolupament d'estadis posteriors, restant així formats els skarns estèrils de wollastonita- idocrasa. <br/><br/>L'estadi II es caracteritza pel desenvolupament de minerals de ferro, com ara hedenbergita, andradita estannífera, magnetita i epidota. Una petita proporció de scheelita es pot formar durant aquest estadi. Aquests minerals es formaren a partir de la interacción dels celcosilicats pre-existents i/o de la calcària amb un fluid aquòs (0.1>X(C02)>O.01) a temperatures entre 550 i 400 ºC. La fugacitat d'oxígen del fluid augmenta des de valors lleugerament superior at QFM fins a valors superiors a la reacció hedenbergita-andradita. Com en l'estadi anterior els fluids circularen a partir del contacte amb el granit amb una combinació de flux canalitzat i difús. En lloc de devolatilització, les dades d'isòtops de C i O indiquen un model d'intercanvi. Els alts valors de la relació aigua/roca que es necessiten en un intercanvi isotòpic en sistema tancat, per produir els empobriments en 13 i 180 observats, apunten cap a un model d'intercanvi en sistema obert. Els skarns d'hedenbergita són representatius d'aquest estadi metasomàtic. L'augment de porositat produït per la formació de l'hedenbergita permet la circulació posterior de fluids i el desenvolupament d'estadis posteriors. Els skarns de magnetita poden representar l'evolució d'aquest mateix estadi metasomàtic cap a condicions de més alta fugacitat d'oxígen i/o menor temperatura.<br/><br/>Durant l'estadi III té lloc la formació de una associació de quars + calcita + teoriíta + grosulària o actinolita + scheelita + sulfurs. Els sulfurs (pirrotina, lollingita i arsenopirita) són els minerals més abundants, i donen lloc els skarns de pirrotina, als skarns d'ersenopirita i als mixtes. Ja que la majoria de la scheelita s'ha format contemporàniament, els skarns amb tungstè també s'han considerat com a pertanyents a aquest estadi.<br/><br/>Una associació metàl.lica posterior (estadi IV) pot reemplaçar els sulfurs anteriors: galena i cosetita argentíferes, esfalerita, calcopirita, cessiterita, molibdenita, bismuto natiu, or natiu i fases del sistema S-Si-Te. <br/><br/>Ets estadis III i IV es formaren per l'intercanvi en sistema obert d'una salmorra (X(CO2) <0.02, 5m NaCl) amb els skarns d'hedenbergita previs o directament amb la calcària. En aquest últim cas poden trobar-se fins a 100 m lluny del contacte amb el granit (skarns d'arsenopirita). Durant l'intercanvi la temperatura baixà des de 525 fins a 350 ºC d'acord<br/>amb la relació As/S de l'arsenopirita, l'estabilitat de la cosalita i la partició d'isòtops de S entre sulfurs en equilibri. El volum molar del fluid, calculat a partir de microtermometria d'inclusions fluides, confirma una pressió de fluids de 2 Kbar per a aquestes terrperatures. El pH del fluid era proper a l'equilibri moscovita-feldespat potàssic; la fugacitat de sofre compresa entre l'equilibri pirrotina + löllingita + arsenopirita i l'equilibri bismut natiu + bismutinita; i la fugacitat d'oxígen compresa entre els equilibris pirita+ pirrotina + magnetita i quars + fayalita + magnetita. En aquestes condicions fisíco-químiques, l'or fou transportat per complexos clorurats I dipositat com a resultat sobre tot del descens de temperatura. Aquest comportament és semblant a la majoria de metalls i confirma l'estreta associació de l'or amb els sulfurs. Els càlculs termoquímics sobre la composició de la clorita, i la presència de grafit amb els darrers sulfurs, indica una evolució de l'equilibrí PPM al GFM en alguns skarns, suggerint el control progressiu de la química del fluid per la roca regional. Els valors pesants dels isòtops de S de l'arsenopirita, esfalerita i galena també apunten cap al progressiu control de la química del fluid per la litologia regional i suggereixen una relació parental de les menes dels skarns amb les mineralitzacions singenètiques d'Ag-Au en el pre-Caradoc de la regió.<br/><br/>L'estadi III i especialment l'estadi IV són els més importants des del punt de vista econòmic. Així, els skarns de pirrotina-arsenopirita poden arribar a lleis de 10000 g/t de Sn, mentre que aquests mateixos skarns i els d'arsenopirita tenen continguts anòmals d'Au i d'Ag fins e 5 i 750 g/t respectivament. Els skarns d'arsenopirita poden donar ocasionalment continguts de fins a 5 g/t de platinoids i especialment en les mostres amb abundants minerals de Te-Bi-S.<br/><br/>Les característiques estructurals, mineralògiques i químiques descrites poden ser utilitzades com a criteris d'exploració d'aquest tipus de mineralitzacions. La relació isotòpica de C i O en els carbonats és útil en la detecció del pas de fluids per una roca regional, especialment en skarns anb pobre desenvolupament de calcosilicats. La modelització d'aquesta interacció pot ajudar a destriar entre skarns estèrils (devolatilització) i mineralitzats (intercanvi), criteri suggestiu que cal comprovar en altres indrets.<br/><br/>- ALTRES DIPÒSITS<br/><br/>S'han trobat diversos filons d'arsenopirita massissa amb pirrotina, calcopirita i cassiterita, associats a les fractures de direcció NW-SE i d'edat probable tardi-herciniana. L'interès econòmic rau en llurs continguts de Sn (10000 g/t) i anomalia en Au (1 g/t). Els filons estan encaixats en la granodiorita prop del contacte amb el pre-Caradoc, mentre que les mateixes fractures solament contenen calcopirita o una alteració a filosilicats amb poc Au (0.01 g/t) cap a l'interior de la intrusió.<br/><br/>Sense relació aparent amb fractures, en les granodiorites poden existir també volums decamètrics amb una important albitització i disseminacions de pirrotina, arsenopirita, calcopirita i estannita. Aquest conjunt de mineralitzacions poden indicar la circulació de les solucions mineralitzants a través de la roca granítica, i deberien ser objecte de futurs estudis.

ABSTRACT: Westerly granite (WG) is well known rock, believed to be isotropic. We studied four samples of WG heated between 100°C and 600°C, by ultrasonic sounding on spherical samples under hydrostatic pressure up to 400 MPa, neutron diffraction on identical samples and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal treatment studies are important for localities like nuclear waste storages, geothermal projects, rock and earthquake mechanics. All measurements were done at room temperature. The 3D distribution of P-wave velocities at high pressures reflects intrinsic structure and even though the anisotropy is low, the orientation of the minimum velocity corresponds to the highly preferred orientation of plagioclase (010) and biotite (001). Image analyses showed that there is also preferred orientation of microcracks regardless of their size and thermal treatment level. Neutron diffraction measurements of the samples heated to 100°C and 600°C confirm weak intrinsic elastic anisotropy, which remain unchanged due to the thermal treatment. We can assume that in Westerly granite there are two types of anisotropy: crystal preferred orientation which was formed during igneous crystallization and second one is due to the oriented microcracks which have been formed during tectonic exhumation or during sample excavation in the quarry. Both seems to be unrelated. 1. INTRODUCTION Westerly granite has been studied for decades and its properties are very well known. There were studied mechanical properties, elastic properties, development of cracks introduced by uniaxial or triaxial loading, thermal heating, study of permeability, study of fracturing process by acoustic emission, modelling of crack systems and plenty of others. Westerly granite is considered as fine grained, homogeneous material, isotropic and therefore it is often discussed or even used as a standard for comparison with other granitic rocks. Quantification of elastic properties of granites is important to determine crustal seismic velocities and stress orientation. Generally, it is assumed that granitic rocks are elastically isotropic. In this paper, we study influence of thermal cracks and crack induced anisotropy on P-wave propagation in spherical samples of Westerly granite at different confining pressures. Experimental elastic wave velocity distributions in Westerly granite are compared to the model based on neutron diffraction data on mineral composition and mineral preferred orientations. Due to high penetration depth of thermal neutrons, information on a large representative volume of geomaterial is obtained; and the method of neutron diffraction allows to investigate same bulk samples that were used for elastic wave propagation study. Thus, ultrasonic sounding (US) and neutron diffraction form a pair of complementary methods suitable for in-depth analysis of elastic anisotropy of rocks.

A prominent magnetic low along an eastern portion of the Paleoproterozoic Taltson magmatic zone (TMZ) correlates mainly with the youngest granitoid in the zone, the peraluminous ca. 1936 Ma Konth granite. Flanking belts of higher magnetic intensity coincide mainly with slightly older Taltson plutonic rocks (e.g. ca. 1986 Ma Deskenatlata granodiorite, ca. 1955 Ma Slave granite) to the west and Neoarchean and/or Paleoproterozic gneisses of the Rae Craton to the east. A prominent gravity low along a portion of the northeastern margin of the TMZ correlates mainly with the Konth granite. Modelling of east-west magnetic and gravity profiles crossing the TMZ is used to investigate the geometrical and geological significance of these signatures. Modelling of the gravity low revealed a basin-like shape, with a maximum thickness of 14.9 km, for a composite unit of Konth-Slave magmatic suites. Magnetic modelling, the preferred technique north and south of the gravity minimum, yielded basin-like shapes for an essentially nonmagnetic Konth-Slave unit, but with much smaller maximum thicknesses of 5.0 and 6.5 km, respectively. Farther south in the TMZ, strongly magnetic units within mapped Konth and Slave granites preclude definition of a nonmagnetic Konth-Slave unit. Aside from the Slave unit, most other modelled magnetic units are generally steep and narrow and have fairly large magnetic susceptibilities. They are modelled to a depth of 6.2 km below sea level and have a steeply dipping, near-surface structural fabric extending to significant depth. Granitoids in the TMZ have previously been designated as ilmenite series or magnetite series, but modelled susceptibilities indicate that revisions to some designations may be required.

A researcher at the University of Aberdeen has found that almost 20% (n=70) of secondary schools in Scotland specify an exclusive supplier for school uniform. The research shows that almost every secondary school has a compulsory uniform (over 96%). Of the 343 schools with a compulsory uniform, 320 uniforms include a school tie, 235 include a blazer and 200 schools ban jeans. While the Scottish Government has called for the automatic payment of benefits such as the national minimum clothing grant , only 6 local authorities make automatic awards of this grant when families are applying for other benefits. Nine local authorities roll over the school clothing grant into the next school year without requiring families to re-apply and 1 local authority has both automatic grants and rollover of school clothing grant in place.

Modeling snow’s mechanical behavior is important for many cold regions engineering problems. Because snow’s microstructure plays a significant role in its mechanical response, it is imperative to initialize models with accurate bond characteristics and realistic snow-grain geometries to precisely capture the microstructure interactions. Previous studies have processed microcomputed tomography scans of snow samples with a watershed method to extract grain geometries. This approach relies on identification of seed points to segment each grain. Our new methodology, called the “moving window method,” does not require prior knowledge of the snow-grain-size distribution to identify seed points. We use the interconnectivity of the segmented grains to identify bond characteristics. We compare the resultant grain-size and bond-size distributions to the known grain sizes of the laboratory-made snow samples. The grain-size distributions from the moving window method closely match the known grain sizes, while both results from the traditional method produce grains that are too large. We propose that the bond net-work identified using the traditional method underestimates the number of bonds and overestimates bond radii. Our method allows us to segment realistic snow grains and their associated bonds, without prior knowledge of the samples, from which we can initialize numerical models of the snow.

This study explores the presence of gender bias in public grants for science and technology (S&amp;T) activities known as the Matilda effect in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in Argentina. The empirical analysis is based on the Scientific and Technological Research Projects program (PICT in Spanish) for the period 20032015 and found that female researchers are less likely to be awarded the first time they apply for a research grant than their male counterparts (-6.2 percentage points, or p.p.). Even for follow-on applications after the first one, without having been awarded before, female researchers remain less likely to be awarded (-3.8 p.p.). However, the probability of being recurrently awarded known as the Matthew effect is the same for both male and female researchers. This paper concludes that female researchers in STEM suffer disadvantages in the allocation of public funds to finance their research projects. Only those female researchers that overcome the initial barriers and obtain their first grant can take advantage, as their male counterparts do, of the Matthew effect that makes them more likely to obtain further awards. These results suggest the need for policies aiming at reducing the initial gender gap in accessing public grants for female researchers in STEM.

Community contributions are often required as part of community-driven development (CDD) programmes, with payment encouraged through matching grants. However, little remains known about the impact of matching grants, or the implications of requiring community contributions in order for communities to receive development funding. This paper describes research where we partner with two non-governmental organisations (NGOs) – one international and one Somali – and undertake a randomised control trial of a CDD matching grant programme designed to incentivise informal contributions for local public goods in Gedo region in south-central Somalia. We rely on household survey data collected from 1,297 respondents in 31 treatment and 31 control communities, as well as surveys of village leaders and data on informal contributions from the mobile money platform used by community leaders to collect revenue. Two key findings emerge. First, our research shows that working with communities and incentivising informal revenue generation can be an effective way to deliver public goods and to support citizens and communities. Second, building on research exploring the potential for development interventions to spur virtuous or adverse cycles of governance, we show that development partners may work directly with community leaders and informal taxing institutions without necessarily undermining – and indeed perhaps strengthening – state legitimacy and related ongoing processes of statebuilding in the country. Indeed, despite playing no direct role in the matching grant programme, taxpayer perceptions of the legitimacy of the local government improved as a result of the programme. These findings deepen our understanding of how community contributions may be incentivised through matching grant programmes, and how they may contribute to CDD and public goods provision in a context of weak institutional capacity.

Exploration under glacial sediment cover is a necessary part of modern mineral exploration in Canada. Traditional indicator methods use visual examination to identify mineral grains in the 250 to 2000 µm fraction of till heavy-mineral concentrates (HMC). This study tests automated mineralogical methods using scanning electron microscopy to identify indicator minerals in the fine (&amp;amp;lt;250 µm) HMC fraction of till. Automated mineralogy of polished grains from the fine HMC enables rapid data collection (10 000-300 000 grains/sample). Samples collected near two deposits were used to test this method: four from the upper-amphibolite facies Izok Lake volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Nunavut, and five from the Sisson granite-hosted W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick. The less than 250 µm HMC fraction of till samples collected down ice of each deposit contain ore and alteration minerals typical of their deposit type. Sulfide minerals occur mainly as inclusions in oxidation-resistant minerals, including minerals previously identified in each deposit's metamorphic alteration halo, and are found to occur farther down ice than the grains identified visually in the greater than 250 µm HMC fraction. This project's workflow expands the detectable footprint for certain indicator minerals and enhances the information that can be collected from till samples.