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1

López. "Green Water." Fairy Tale Review 16 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/fairtalerevi.16.1.0051.

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L�pez, Manuel Paul. "Green Water." Fairy Tale Review 16, no. 1 (March 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fair.2020.a812651.

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3

Bagwan, Nurjaha, Pradnya Kushire, and Manasi Deshpande Priyanka Singh Prof Shyam Gupta. "IoT based water saving technique for Green Farming." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 1492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14435.

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4

Ogundimu, Olufunke. "Water in Green Bottles." Massachusetts Review 63, no. 3 (September 2022): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mar.2022.0059.

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5

Zhou, Haihua, Yunxia Liu, and Yanlin Song. "Water Based Green Lithography." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 2018, no. 1 (September 23, 2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2018.34.57.

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6

Gyuricza, Csaba, Ákos Tarnawa, and Márton Jolánkai. "„Green water” – „Zöld víz”." Agrokémia és Talajtan 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.60.2012.1.17.

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7

Berner, Robert L., and Thomas King. "Green Grass, Running Water." World Literature Today 67, no. 4 (1993): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149762.

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8

Low, Denise, and Thomas King. "Green Grass, Running Water." American Indian Quarterly 18, no. 1 (1994): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185744.

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9

Varner, John S. "Green Medicine, Muddy Water." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 7, no. 4 (August 2001): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/107555301750463242.

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10

Pennisi, E. "Water Reclamation Going Green." Science 337, no. 6095 (August 9, 2012): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.337.6095.674.

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11

Kim, Yong Jig, Ki-Seok Shin, Seung-Chul Lee, Youngrok Ha, and Sa Young Hong. "Computation of the Bow Deck Design Pressure against the Green Water Impact." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 56, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2019.56.4.343.

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12

Anika, Nova, Siti Mutmainah, Muhammad Kusmali, Harmiansyah Harmiansyah, David Septian Sumanto Marpaung, and Ridwan Ridwan. "Water Productivity of Mustard Green (Brassica juncea L.) Under Drip Irrigation Systems and Organic Matter Addition." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 14, no. 2 (April 14, 2025): 677. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v14i2.677-684.

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Drip irrigation technique, in combination with the utilization of organic matter like as biochar and cocopeat, can increase water productivity by tailoring irrigation water to plant demands. This study was to investigate how organic matter can improve water productivity in mustard green production utilizing a drip irrigation technique. The greenhouse pot experiment analyzes the effect of adding varying quantities of biochar and cocopeat to mustard greens' growth medium using a drip irrigation technique. The findings indicate that adding organic matter reduced the quantity of water needed for irrigation. The soil and biochar combination treatment at a 1:1 ratio resulted in the highest water productivity for mustard green, whereas the control treatment produced the least. Mustard green grows optimally in a soil + biochar (1:1) growing medium, yielding the most water productivity at 16.8 g/L. Biochar can boost biomass yield by twice as much as the control treatment. Furthermore, biochar can increase mustard green water productivity by more than 300% when compared to mustard green, which relies solely on soil for planting medium. Further study is needed to investigate the effects of biochar features on water holding capacity, field capacity, and wilting point in different soil types to improve irrigation efficiency. Keywords: Drip irrigation, Irrigation efficiency, Organic matters, Water productivity.
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KIDA, Yukio, Hiroyuki OKUI, Shigehiro YOKOTA, Akinori KAJIKAWA, and Shozo SHIBATA. "Water holding capacity of green spaces and green infrastructure." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 47, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.47.387.

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14

Ng, Karno, Samuel Alston, Samantha Castro, and Eric Santiago. "Green Approach for Water Treatment." International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2024): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.197.

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The common first step for water treatment is removing the particulate impurities by coagulation and flocculation. The conventional treatment uses polyvalent salts such as aluminum sulfate, iron (III) chloride, and synthetic polymers as coagulating agents which leads to potential toxicity. The purpose of this study is to identify environmentally friendly natural products as coagulant agents for water treatment. Four plant seeds (Amaranth, chia, quinoa, and wheat germ), corn cob, orange peel, and avocado peel were tested. Turbidity measurements were conducted with a wireless, portable turbidity sensor. Data was collected on a smartphone. The performance of the turbidity sensor was evaluated by preparation of a calibration curve (r2 = 0.9928). Results show that all four plant seeds and avocado peel demonstrated the ability to decrease the turbidity of the water sample. Among the four seeds that were studied, Amaranth and chia were identified as the top two natural coagulant agents. Inter-day and Intra-day studies were performed for the turbidity measurements. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be less than 10%, indicating the method has good precision. The method can serve as a point-of-use water treatment in remote areas of developing countries with limited resources.
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15

Hao Ngo, Huu, Xuan-Thanh Bui, Long D. Nghiem, and Wenshan Guo. "Green technologies for sustainable water." Bioresource Technology 317 (December 2020): 123978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123978.

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16

Keys, Patrick W., and Malin Falkenmark. "Green water and African sustainability." Food Security 10, no. 3 (May 10, 2018): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0790-7.

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17

Klossek, Michael L., Julien Marcus, Didier Touraud, and Werner Kunz. "Highly water dilutable green microemulsions." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 442 (February 2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.12.061.

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18

McInnes, Kevin J., and James C. Thomas. "Passive Control of Downslope Capillary Wicking of Water in Sand-based Root Zones." HortScience 47, no. 2 (February 2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.2.275.

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Chronic dry spots that occur on the upper reaches of slopes on golf putting greens lead to increased frequency of irrigation to maintain a healthy turfgrass surface. To limit one cause of dry spots, the downslope wicking of water, we investigated the use of subsurface barriers to interrupt the capillary connectivity of the bottom portion of the root zone on a 3.5-m long, laboratory-simulated section of a green having a 5% slope. We evaluated the effectiveness of the barriers on a green constructed with a sand root zone over gravel drainage and on a green constructed with a sand root zone over a geotextile atop a porous plastic grid for drainage. With sand over gravel, the barriers were effective at reducing downslope wicking and the consequential loss of stored water in the root zone on the slope. In the top 0.5 m of the slope, there was 24 mm more water stored in the root zone profile of the green constructed with barriers compared with that in the green constructed without barriers. With sand over geotextile atop a plastic grid, the barriers were effective at reducing wicking of water, but only when the downslope continuity of the geotextile was broken. In that case, there was 35 mm more water stored in the root zone profile at the top of the slope in the green constructed with barriers and a discontinuous geotextile compared with the greens constructed with barriers and continuous geotextile or with sand over gravel and no barriers.
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Khan, Tariq, Hamideh Nouri, Martijn Booij, Arjen Hoekstra, Hizbullah Khan, and Ihsan Ullah. "Water Footprint, Blue Water Scarcity, and Economic Water Productivity of Irrigated Crops in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan." Water 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091249.

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Pakistan possesses the fourth largest irrigation network in the world, serving 20.2 million hectares of cultivated land. With an increasing irrigated area, Pakistan is short of freshwater resources and faces severe water scarcity and food security challenges. This is the first comprehensive study on the water footprint (WF) of crop production in Peshawar Basin. WF is defined as the volume of freshwater required to produce goods and services. In this study, we assessed the blue and green water footprints (WFs) and annual blue and green water consumption of major crops (maize, rice, tobacco, wheat, barley, sugarcane, and sugar beet) in Peshawar Basin, Pakistan. The Global Water Footprint Assessment Standard (GWFAS) and AquaCrop model were used to model the daily WF of each crop from 1986 to 2015. In addition, the blue water scarcity, in the context of available surface water, and economic water productivity (EWP) of these crops were assessed. The 30 year average blue and green WFs of major crops revealed that maize had the highest blue and green WFs (7077 and 2744 m3/ton, respectively) and sugarcane had the lowest blue and green WFs (174 and 45 m3/ton, respectively). The average annual consumption of blue water by major crops in the basin was 1.9 billion m3, where 67% was used for sugarcane and maize, covering 48% of the cropland. The average annual consumption of green water was 1.0 billion m3, where 68% was used for wheat and sugarcane, covering 67% of the cropland. The WFs of all crops exceeded the global average. The results showed that annually the basin is supplied with 30 billion m3 of freshwater. Annually, 3 billion m3 of freshwater leaves the basin unutilized. The average annual blue water consumption by major crops is 31% of the total available surface water (6 billion m3) in the basin. Tobacco and sugar beet had the highest blue and green EWP while wheat and maize had the lowest. The findings of this study can help the water management authorities in formulating a comprehensive policy for efficient utilization of available water resources in Peshawar Basin.
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Yahya, Yahya. "PERAN GREEN MARKETING, GREEN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP PURCHASE INTENTION DENGAN GREEN TRUST SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING." Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis (JIMBis) 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/jimbis.v1i1.5131.

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The concept of green marketing in the company as a form of attention to environmental damage issues. The company then developed to find the right marketing strategy in growing purchase intention. The bottled drinking water industry (AMDK) is one who develops green marketing. This study aims to analyze the effect of green marketing and green brand image on purchase intention through green trust, and to analyze the effect of green marketing, green brand image and green trust on purchase intention. This research uses a questionnaire measured by a Likert scale, find the sample using a non-probability method with a procedure by using purposive sampling. The total respondents in this study were 100 respondents who were consumers who had purchased Cleo bottled water. Data analysis method using partial least squares (PLS) analysis with SmartPLS software. The results reveal that green marketing and green brand image have an effect on purchase intention through green trust on Cleo bottled water products, green marketing and green trust have an effect on purchase intention on Cleo bottled water products, and green brand image has no significant effect on purchase intention on products. Cleo's AMDK.
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Chai, Hong Xiang, Ke Deng, and Fang Zhao. "Water Balance Optimization of Non-Traditional Water Resources Utilization in Green Building Based on Landscape Water Regulation Function." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2329.

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According to the extremely uneven situation of monthly rainfall in China, in order to both improve utilization efficiency of non-traditional water resources and realize economy applicable in green residential districts, an optimization method of monthly water dynamic balance of non-traditional water resources utilization in green building based on landscape water regulation function was put forward. The optimization method was made full use of large capacity of landscape water regulation function, combined with monthly water consumption law between supply and demand of non-traditional water resources in districts. And this method was applied in a green residential demonstration district in western China.
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Bus, Agnieszka, and Anna Szelągowska. "Green Water from Green Roofs—The Ecological and Economic Effects." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042403.

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Green roofs (GRs) have been one of the most popular solutions for water harvesting in urban areas. Apart from their water retention role and increasing biodiversity, they constitute the missing link between the built and the natural environment, which is required for sustainable human living in cities. This paper aims to calculate the ecological (EE) and economic effect (EcE) of water harvesting via GRs, by contrasting with a traditional roof, and to perform an economic analysis of the social cost benefits that GRs generate during their life cycle, using the Net Present Value (NPV) method. All the calculations and analyses were conducted for both intensive and extensive GRs in 11 of the largest municipalities in Poland, with a population of >250,000 inhabitants. According to the results of this study, water retention and the economic and ecological effects of GRs are highest in the municipalities with the highest assumed number of GRs (Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, and Szczecin). The average EE and EcE equals 507,000 m3/yr and 621,000 USD/yr. The NPV results show that the effectiveness of investments in intensive GRs is, to a certain extent, more significant than in extensive GRs and the average equals 60.77 and 4.47 USD/yr for intensive and extensive GRs, respectively. The results could serve as a reference for the evaluation and optimization of the energy efficiency of rainwater harvesting schemes, in European cities.
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Basheer, Al Arsh, and Imran Ali. "Water photo splitting for green hydrogen energy by green nanoparticles." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 23 (May 2019): 11564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.03.040.

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24

Yang, Guo Sheng, Jie Sheng Huang, Jian Li, and Wei Yin. "Study on Green Water Management in a Typical Watershed in Water Resource Area of the Mid-Route of South-to-North Water Transfer." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2240.

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Danjiangkou Reservoir and its upstream tributaries as water resource area is of strategic importance for the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Water conservation and water purification is the key measures for sustainable water diversion. Green water management as a new technologies to achieve water conservation and water purification has a broad application prospects. In this research, green water management was studied in the Upper Du watershed. ArcSWAT model was used to assess quantity of green water resource. By adjusting the model parameters, the efficiency of different green water management scenarios on water and soil conservation were simulated. The results of the study indicate that the quantity of green water in the Upper Du is about 5.588 billion cubic meters. Mulching is a better green water management way that more suitable for water and soil conservation in the Danjiangkou Water Resource Area. This research can provide a reference for water resource protection and management in Water Resource Area of the Mid-route of South-to-North Water Transfer.
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Sang, Shan, Yan Li, Chengcheng Hou, Shuangshuang Zi, and Huiqing Lin. "The interprovincial green water flow in China and its teleconnected effects on the social economy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, no. 1 (January 7, 2025): 67–84. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-67-2025.

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Abstract. Green water (terrestrial evapotranspiration) flows from source regions, precipitates downwind via moisture recycling, recharges water resources, and sustains the social economy in sink regions. However, unlike blue water, there has been limited assessment of green water flows and their teleconnected effects on the social economy. This study used a climatology mean moisture trajectory dataset produced by the UTrack model for 2008–2017 to quantify interprovincial green water flows in China and their socioeconomic contributions. Results reveal an interconnected flow network where the green water of each province reciprocally exchanges with each other. Despite self-recycling (ranging from 0.6 % to 35 %), green water mainly forms precipitation in neighboring provinces, with average interprovincial flow directions from west to east and south to north. About 56 % of the total green water exported from the 31 mainland source provinces remains at home, contributing 43 % of the precipitation in China. The green water from the source provinces embodies substantial socioeconomic value for the downwind provinces, accounting for about 40 % of the water resources, 45 % of the gross domestic product (GDP), 46 % of the population, and 50 % of the food production of China. Green water from the western provinces is the largest contributor to water resources, while green water from the southwestern and central provinces embodies the highest GDP, population, and food production. Overall, the embodied socioeconomic values of green water flow increase from the source to sink provinces, suggesting that green water from less developed provinces effectively supports the higher socioeconomic status of developed provinces. This assessment emphasizes the substantial teleconnected socioeconomic values of green water flows and the need to incorporate them towards more comprehensive and effective water resource management.
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Chahed, J., A. Hamdane, and M. Besbes. "A comprehensive water balance of Tunisia: blue water, green water and virtual water." Water International 33, no. 4 (December 5, 2008): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060802543105.

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Hoff, Holger. "The global water challenge – Modeling green and blue water." Journal of Hydrology 384, no. 3-4 (April 2010): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.027.

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Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "Green-blue water accounting in a soil water balance." Advances in Water Resources 129 (July 2019): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.05.012.

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Schyns, J. F., A. Y. Hoekstra, and M. J. Booij. "Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 18, 2015): 4581–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015.

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Abstract. Research on water scarcity has mainly focussed on blue water (ground- and surface water), but green water (soil moisture returning to the atmosphere through evaporation) is also scarce, because its availability is limited and there are competing demands for green water. Crop production, grazing lands, forestry and terrestrial ecosystems are all sustained by green water. The implicit distribution or explicit allocation of limited green water resources over competitive demands determines which economic and environmental goods and services will be produced and may affect food security and nature conservation. We need to better understand green water scarcity to be able to measure, model, predict and handle it. This paper reviews and classifies around 80 indicators of green water availability and scarcity, and discusses the way forward to develop operational green water scarcity indicators that can broaden the scope of water scarcity assessments.
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Zhao, Jing Bo, Fang Zhang, Li Peng Dong, and Tian Xie. "Cut Expenditure - Water Saving Green Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 3073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3073.

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21st century common theme is sustainable development, efficient green development model for urban construction must shift from the traditional high-consumption model of development, green building is the only way for the implementation of this shift is the world's architectural development the inevitable trend. Cut costs - water-saving green buildings, will promote water conservation and water use practices improved and full implementation, thus promoting the development of green building in China.
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Arrien, Maria Macarena, Maite M. Aldaya, and Corina Iris Rodriguez. "Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Maize in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina." Water 13, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131769.

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Agriculture is the largest fresh water consuming sector, and maize is the most produced and consumed crop worldwide. The water footprint (WF) methodology quantifies and evaluates the water volumes consumed and polluted by a given crop, as well as its impacts. In this work, we quantified for the first time the green WF (soil water from precipitation that is evapotranspired) and the green virtual water exports of maize from Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during 2016–2017, due to the relevance of this region in the world maize trade. Furthermore, at local level, we quantified the green, blue (evapotranspired irrigation), and grey (volume of water needed to assimilate a pollution load) WF of maize in a pilot basin. The green WF of maize in the province of Buenos Aires ranged between 170 and 730 m3/ton, with the highest values in the south following a pattern of yields. The contribution of this province in terms of green virtual water to the international maize trade reached 2213 hm3/year, allowing some water-scarce nations to ensure water and water-dependent food security and avoid further environmental impacts related to water. At the Napaleofú basin scale, the total WF of rainfed maize was 358 m3/ton (89% green and 11% grey) and 388 m3/ton (58% green, 25% blue, and 17% grey) for the irrigated crop, showing that there is not only a green WF behind the exported maize, but also a Nitrogen-related grey WF.
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Schyns, J. F., A. Y. Hoekstra, and M. J. Booij. "Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 6 (June 11, 2015): 5519–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-5519-2015.

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Abstract. Research on water scarcity has mainly focused on blue water (surface- and groundwater), but green water (soil moisture directly returning to the atmosphere as evaporation) is also scarce, because its availability is limited and there are competing demands for green water. Crop production, grazing lands, forestry and terrestrial ecosystems are all sustained by green water. The implicit distribution or explicit allocation of limited green water resources over competitive demands determines which economic and environmental goods and services will be produced and may affect food security and nature conservation. We need to better understand green water scarcity to be able to measure, model, predict and handle it. This paper reviews and classifies around 80 indicators of green water availability and scarcity and discusses the way forward to develop operational green water scarcity indicators that can broaden the scope of water scarcity assessments.
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Yuvraj, Rajendra Shi, and Ashok Shinde Ganesh. "WASTE WATER TREATMENT USING SOIL BIOREACTOR." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal QIPCEI2K18 (May 2, 2018): 321–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1413035.

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The main focus of this project is to bring the water to acceptable limits of pollution control board with green technology and economy. For this purpose, we decided to treat the sugar factory waste water using a soil bioreactor. This is a latest green technology to treat water. We are trying to bring the water up to level which becomes suitable for irrigation. The social impact of the project is that farmer will get good quality water for irrigation. Sugar industry will get a very economical and green technology to treating their waste water. So, we are expecting that sugar factories will use this technique. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150638
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Fu, Na, Xiaoyu Song, Lu Xia, Lanjun Li, Huaiyou Li, and Yaolin Li. "Complementary Relationship and Dual Crop Coefficient Approach-Based Study on Green Water Separation." Water 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020378.

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Separating productive green water from non-productive green water could determine the potential for improving green water use through water-to-vapor conversion and the optimization of green water resource management. This study selected three typical planted forests of Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis, and Pinus tabulaeformis in the Nanxiaohegou sub-basin, a typical small sub-basin located in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. A combination of field monitoring, hydrological models, and statistical tests was used to obtain the crop coefficient and to differentiate productive green water from non-productive green water, based on the hydrological, climatic, and ecological processes in the basin. The results demonstrated that the complementary relationship areal evapotranspiration (CRAE) model was the most effective complementary relationship-based model for the simulation. Based on the calibrated parameters, it could be used for the simulation of green water flux of different vegetation types in the studied region. In the Nanxiaohegou sub-basin, the amounts of productive green water, non-productive green water, and total green water flux of R. pseudoacacia were the highest among all three types of vegetation, followed by those of P. orientalis and P. tabulaeformis forests during the growing seasons between 2015 and 2017.
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Lazaro, Benson HM, Martine M. Hagai, and Rubhera RAM Mato. "Effects of Climate Change, Land Use and Land Cover Variability on Green and Blue Water in Wami/Ruvu Basin, Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Science 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v49i1.22.

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Water basins are the primary food sources, giving green water and blue water worldwide. Despite the basins’ potential, information on the periodical variations in blue water and green water is sparse, particularly in developing countries. The study specifically evaluated the changes in land use and land cover variability (LULCV), effects of land use and land cover variability on green water and blue water variations, and effects of climatic changes on green water and blue water. The evaluation involved the Enhanced Thematic Mapper and Operational Land Imager satellite images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Image processing utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in ArcGIS software. The land use and land cover variabilities indicated that land use supporting social-economic activities increased, while natural land cover decreased. Proportionally, blue water per annum was decreasing due to declining natural vegetation, enhanced by the increased socio-economic activities. Whereas, the increase in green water per annum was due to the increased temperatures, boosted by climate changes. Since the temperature rise is mainly uncontrolled, greenhouse farming should be encouraged for making green water more productive in agriculture and communities should be encouraged to practice environmentally friendly anthropogenic activities for sustainable green water and blue water management.
 Keywords: Basin, Green water, Blue water, SWAT model, Climate change
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36

Duan, Shiliang, Binbin Zhao, and W. C. Webster. "Green-Naghdi Theory, Part B: Green-Naghdi Equations for Deep Water Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Application 22, no. 1 (March 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-023-00316-y.

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Abstract“Green — Naghdi Theory, Part A: Green — Naghdi (GN) Equations for Shallow Water Waves” have investigated the linear dispersion relations of high-level GN equations in shallow water. In this study, the GN equations for deep water waves are investigated. In the traditional GN equations for deep water waves, the velocity distribution assumption involves only one representative wave number. Herein, a new velocity distribution shape function with multiple representative wave numbers is employed. Further, we have derived the three-dimensional GN equations and analyzed the linear dispersion relations of the GN-3 and GN-5 equations. In this study, the finite difference method is used to simulate focus waves in the time domain. Additionally, the GN-5 equations are used to validate the wave profile and horizontal velocity distribution along water depth for different focused waves.
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Chandratreya, Dr Abhijit. "Sustainable Water Management Through Green Infrastructure." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (October 5, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37795.

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This research explores the implementation of sustainable water management practices through green infrastructure (GI) solutions. As urbanization intensifies, traditional water management systems face challenges such as flooding, water pollution, and reduced biodiversity. Green infrastructure, which integrates natural processes into urban planning, offers innovative strategies for stormwater management, water quality enhancement, and habitat restoration. This study examines various GI techniques, including rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs, assessing their effectiveness in mitigating urban water challenges. Case studies from multiple cities demonstrate the benefits of GI in promoting resilience against climate change while enhancing community well-being. The findings underscore the potential of green infrastructure as a viable alternative to conventional water management methods, advocating for its broader adoption in urban environments. Key Words: Sustainable water management, Green infrastructure, Stormwater Management, Urbanization, Climate resilience, Water quality enhancement
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38

Ramírez Camperos, E., L. Cardoso Vigueros, V. Escalante Estrada, A. Gómez Navarrete, A. Rivas Hernández, and E. Díaz Tapia. "Water reuse for the bottled water industry." Water Supply 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0013.

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The bottled water industry uses a machine specifically designed for the washing of its containers (19-L capacity) and generates 6-L wastewater/container. This effluent can be used for watering of green areas and car washing. The objectives of the present work were to characterize the effluent and to propose a specific treatment to enable reuse of the effluent from the container washing machine. The analysis of water quality identified the following problems: high pH (10.0), high biochemical oxygen demand (50 mg/L), high concentration of free residual chlorine (3.15 mg/l), alkalinity (207 mg/l as CaCO3) and hardness (38.8 mg/l as CaCO3). These parameters must be reduced in order to comply with the Mexican standards for water reuse (NOM-003-ECOL-1997), and to protect the washing equipment against corrosion and incrustations. The water can be used for the watering of green areas after pH adjustment and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) removal. If special equipment is used for car washing, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of calcium and magnesium using a strong cationic resin. Following these recommendations the specific industry installed a treatment system with pH adjustment, dual filtration (sand-anthracite) and adsorption system with activated carbon. The effluent is now used for watering of green areas and for car washing with garden hoses.
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Guo, Yiru, Yan Hu, Ke Shi, and Yuriy Bilan. "Valuation of Water Resource Green Efficiency Based on SBM–TOBIT Panel Model: Case Study from Henan Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 6944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176944.

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With progress in China’s industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction of social and economic development with water resource supply–demand and water environmental pollution becomes increasingly prominent. To cope with the dual constraints of resource shortage and environmental regulations, the concept of water resource green efficiency that considers economic, environmental, and ecological factors is highly involved to promote sustainable economic development. The theoretical and practice circle devote to scientific green efficiency assessment of water resources and effective recognition of relevant influencing factors. However, to an extent they neglect social benefits brought by sustainable development and possible influences of industrial restructuring on green efficiency. They also lack concern on green efficiency of water resources in inland arid areas. To offset the disadvantages of existing studies, the philosophy of sustainable development was integrated into the input–output assessment system of green efficiency of water resources, and an assessment model was constructed using the SBM–Tobit (slack-based measure and Tobit) method. Moreover, a case study based on Henan Province, China was carried out. The green efficiencies of water resources in 18 cities of Henan Province during 2011–2018 were calculated. The operation mechanism of relevant influencing factors was discussed, and the methods to improve green efficiency of water resources were determined. Results reveal that the sustainable green efficiency of water resources in Henan Province increased in fluctuation during 2011–2018. The mean green efficiency increased from 0.425 in 2011 to 0.498 in 2018. At present, green efficiency of water resources in Henan Province remains at a low level, with a mean of 0.504. Reducing water consumption intensity and increasing investment to water environmental pollution technologies can promote green efficiency of water resources significantly. Conclusions provide a new method for scientific measurement and green efficiency assessment of water resources in inland arid areas.
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Xie, Yuhong. "Inland water green smart power pusher." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 680, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/680/1/012103.

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41

Stewart, B. A., and G. A. Peterson. "Managing Green Water in Dryland Agriculture." Agronomy Journal 107, no. 4 (July 2015): 1544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0038.

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42

Anurukvorakun, Oraphan. "Green Extraction Technique: Subcritical Water Extraction." World Journal of Environmental Research 6, no. 1 (July 23, 2016): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v6i1.871.

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An environmental kindly technique, subcritical water extraction (SWE) are based on using water as extraction solvent at temperatures between 100 °C and 374 °C. Increasing the temperature at moderate pressure also reduces the surface tension and viscosity of water causes the polarity of subcritical water is comparable to organic solvents. Therefore, the subcritical water could be improved the competency for the extraction. The aim of this work was to study the flavonoid content of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) using different extraction procedures (SWE and the traditional extraction or ethanolic extraction). The results revealed that quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, was a major component in both extraction procedures. The use of SWE provided higher quercetin content and antioxidant activity. Quercetin content by SWE and traditional extraction were 45.92 mg/ml and 39.94 mg/ml, respectively. The EC50 (Effective Concentration, 50%) of SWE and traditional extraction were 496 and 555.67 mg/ml, respectively. Additionally, this work demonstrated that the traditional time-consuming techniques for 12 hours of the extraction of flavonoids could be substituted for the SWE technique within 1 hour. Consequently, the capability of SWE technique was elaborately evaluated and revealed on this work. Keywords: Subcritical water; Emilia sonchifolia (L.)
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43

Varyani, Kamlesh S., Xuan P. Pham, and Paul Crossland. "Green Water Investigation for a Containership." Ship Technology Research 51, no. 4 (October 2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/str.2004.51.4.002.

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44

Sposito, Garrison. "Green Water and Global Food Security." Vadose Zone Journal 12, no. 4 (September 13, 2013): vzj2013.02.0041. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.02.0041.

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45

Palmer, M. A., J. Liu, J. H. Matthews, M. Mumba, and P. D'Odorico. "Manage water in a green way." Science 349, no. 6248 (August 6, 2015): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7778.

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46

Nielsen, Kristian Bendix, and Stefan Mayer. "Numerical prediction of green water incidents." Ocean Engineering 31, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 363–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.06.001.

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47

., Oindrila Das. "WATER CONSERVATION ASPECTS OF GREEN BUILDINGS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 25 (December 25, 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0425012.

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48

Faltinsen, O. M., M. Greco, and M. Landrini. "Green Water Loading on a FPSO." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 11, 2002): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1464128.

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Green Water Loading in the bow region of a Floating Production Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO) in head sea waves is studied by numerical means. A 2-D method satisfying the exact nonlinear free-surface conditions within potential-flow theory has been developed as a step towards a fully 3-D method. The flow is assumed 2-D in a plane containing the ship’s centerplane. The method is partly validated by model tests. The importance of environmental conditions, 3-D flow effects, ship motions, and hull parameters are summarized. The wave steepness of the incident waves causes important nonlinear effects. The local flow at the bow is, in general, important to account for. It has become popular to use a dam-breaking model to study the propagation of water on the deck. However, the numerical studies show the importance of accounting for the coupled flow between the deck and outside the ship. When the water is propagating on the deck, a suitable distance from the bow can be found from where shallow-water equations can be used. Impact between green water on deck and a vertical deck-house side in the bow area is studied in details. A similarity solution for impact between a wedge-formed water front and a vertical rigid wall is used. Simplified solutions for an impacting fluid wedge with small and large interior angles are developed, both to support the numerical computations and to provide simpler formulas of practical use. It is demonstrated how the local design of the deck house can reduce the slamming loads. The importance of hydroelasticity during the impact is discussed by using realistic structural dimensions of a deck house. This indicates that hydroelasticity is insignificant. On the contrary, first results from an ongoing experimental investigation document blunt impacts against the deck during the initial stage of water shipping, which deserve a dedicated hydroelastic analysis.
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49

Adschiri, Tadafumi, Youn-Woo Lee, Motonobu Goto, and Seiichi Takami. "Green materials synthesis with supercritical water." Green Chemistry 13, no. 6 (2011): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15158d.

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50

Zhu, Renchuan, Zhaowei Lin, and Guoping Miao. "Numerical simulation for green water occurrence." Journal of Hydrodynamics 18, S1 (February 2006): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03400494.

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