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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Hai wan zhan zheng"
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Öztürk, Z., S. M. Türk, D. Karataş, Ü. Erkorkmaz, K. Özmen Süner, H. Dheir, E. Güçlü, E. Gönüllü und O. Karabay. „AB0700 TOCILIZUMAB DID NOT REDUCE MORTALITY IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS BUT CAUSED THROMBOCYTOSIS“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 1382.2–1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3697.
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Background:TCZ is a monoclonal antibody against Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) which is used for relieving inflammation and reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients. Safety and efficacy of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in Covid-19 pneumonia is uncertain yet. In this study, we aimed to determine clinical outcomes in patients treated with TCZ.Objectives:In this study we aimed to share our retrospective results which we had obtained from patients with COVID-19 diagnosis received TCZ.Methods:We performed a retrospective case control study between May and August 2020 in Turkey. We compared outcomes in patients who received TCZ with those who did not. Death in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) requirements were evaluated as endpoints. Demographic data, comorbidities, additional treatment, treatment side effects, laboratory and clinical results were retrospectively assessed. There are no significant differences between groups according to age, gender and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).Results:12 (27.3%) patients died in standard group and eight (18.6%) patients died in TCZ group (p=0.150).Days of staying in the hospital were eight days in standard treatment group and 12 days in TCZ group (p=0.03). 10 of 43 patients in TCZ group were admitted to ICU. MV support was needed in 8 of these patients. 18 of 44 patients (40.9%) within the standard group were admitted to ICU and 12 patients (27.3%) were intubated (p=0.125,p=0.480). Significant IL-6 decrease was not observed post treatment in TCZ group according to pretreatment period (p=0.60). Significant decreases were examined in CRP and ferritin values through TCZ treatment. However, D-dimer and thrombocyte values increased.Conclusion:TCZ may not be an effective treatment for reducing ICU requirement, to prevent intubation or death, for shortening period for staying in hospital. The patients should be followed up closely for possible thrombosis because of increased D-dimer and thrombocytes with TCZ treatment.References:[1]Sharma A, Tiwari S, Deb MK, Marty JL. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2): A global pandemic and treatment strategies. IntJ Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Aug; 56(2):106054.[2]Singhal T. A rewiev of coronavirus Disease-2019(COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020 Apr;87(4):281-286.[3]Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall R.S, Manson J.J. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033-[4]Teijaro J.R. Cytokine storms in infectious diseases. SeminImmunopathol. 2017;39:501–503.[5]Zhang Y, Li J, Zhan Y, Wu L, Yu X, Zhang W et al. Analysis of Serum Cytokines in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Infect Immun 2004 Aug;72(8):4410-4415.[6]Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May; 55(5):105954.[7]Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420–2[8]Fu B, Xu X, Wei H. Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? J Transl Med 18,164 (2020).[9]Guaraldi G, Meschiari M, Cozzi-Lepri A, Milic J, Tonelli R, Menozzi M et al. Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020 Aug;2(8):e474-e484.[10]Gupta S, Wang W, Hayek S.S, Chan L, MathewsK.S, Melamed M.L et al. Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Jan1;181(1):41-51.[11]Campochiaro C, Della-Torre E, Cavalli G, De Luca G, Ripa M, Boffini N et al Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID- 19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Jun;76:43-49.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Zhang, Ling, Daoyuan Xie, Xueping Chen, Maria L. R. Hughes, Guozheng Jiang, Ziyin Lu, Chunli Xia et al. „p53 Mediates Colistin-Induced Autophagy and Apoptosis in PC-12 Cells“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, Nr. 9 (20.06.2016): 5294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00641-16.
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ABSTRACTThe mechanism of colistin-induced neurotoxicity is still unknown. Our recent study (L. Zhang, Y. H. Zhao, W. J. Ding, G. Z. Jiang, Z. Y. Lu, L. Li, J. L. Wang, J. Li, and J. C. Li, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:2189–2197, 2015,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.04092-14; H. Jiang, J. C. Li, T. Zhou, C. H. Wang, H. Zhang, and H. Wang, Int J Mol Med 33:1298–1304, 2014,http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1684) indicates that colistin induces autophagy and apoptosis in rat adrenal medulla PC-12 cells, and there is interplay between both cellular events. As an important cellular stress sensor, phosphoprotein p53 can trigger cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and regulate autophagy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the p53 pathway in colistin-induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells. Specifically, cells were treated with colistin (125 μg/ml) in the absence and presence of a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α (PFT-α; 20 nM), for 12 h and 24 h, and the typical hallmarks of autophagy and apoptosis were examined by fluorescence/immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. The results indicate that colistin had a stimulatory effect on the expression levels of the target genes and proteins involved in autophagy and apoptosis, including LC3-II/I, p53, DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator), PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), Bax, p-AMPK (activated form of AMP-activated protein kinase), and caspase-3. In contrast, colistin appeared to have an inhibitory effect on the expression of p-mTOR (activated form of mammalian target of rapamycin), which is another target protein in autophagy. Importantly, analysis of the levels of p53 in the cells treated with colistin revealed an increase in nuclear p53 at 12 h and cytoplasmic p53 at 24 h. Pretreatment of colistin-treated cells with PFT-α inhibited autophagy and promoted colistin-induced apoptosis. This is the first study to demonstrate that colistin-induced autophagy and apoptosis are associated with the p53-mediated pathway.
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WANG, YINGHUI, und QIANG WANG. „A superfluous name of Premna (Lamiaceae)“. Phytotaxa 449, Nr. 1 (16.06.2020): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.449.1.10.
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While preparing the manuscript of Flora of Pan-Himalaya, volume 44(1) of Lamiaceae (Wang 2019), we encountered a species of the genus Premna Linnaeus (1771: 587), Premna velutina Wu (1977: 428), which was described by Wu (1977) in Flora Yunnanica, and was accepted in Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae (Chen 1982) and Flora of China (Chen & Gilbert 1994). However, this is clearly a later homonym of Premna velutina Gürke (1895: 338). Thus, in Flora of Pan-Himalaya Vol. 44(1), a replaced name Premna wuana Wang (2019: 155) was proposed for this illegitimate name. Nonetheless, we actually made a superfluous name, since Boufford and Bartholomew (2012) had proposed Premna wui (noted as “wuii”) Boufford & Bartholomew (2012: 1) to replace the illegitimate name. We thought that all the names of Premna reported from the Pan-Himalaya region and other involved names had been dealt with in our Flora of Pan-Himalaya, volume 44(1). However, we are very sorry for ignoring the correct name Premna wui by mistake, and also for ignoring the name Premna cordiformis Li Bing Zhang & Y.F.Duan in Duan & Zhang (2014: 281), which is another superfluous name of Premna wui. We noticed that Li (2018) had reduced the superfluous name Premna cordiformis to a synonym of Premna wui.
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Nie, Yu, Shang-Fu Xu, Yan-Liu Lu, Xiu-Rong Zhao, Cen Li, Li-Xin Wei und Jie Liu. „Zuotai (β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei Zhen-Zhu-Wan differs from mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic cytochrome P450 in mice“. F1000Research 10 (24.06.2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.40667.2.
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Background: Zuotai (mainly β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei-Zhen-Zhu-Wan (70W, Rannasangpei) is a famous Tibetan medicine for treating cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. We have shown that 70W protected against CCl4 hepatotoxicity. CCl4 is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) to produce reactive metabolites. Whether 70W has any effect on CYPs is unknown and such effects should be compared with mercury compounds for safety evaluation. Methods: Mice were given clinical doses of 70W (0.15-1.5 g/kg, po), Zuotai (30 mg/kg, po), and compared to HgCl2 (33.6 mg/kg, po) and MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, po) for seven days. Liver RNA and protein were isolated for qPCR and Western-blot analysis. Results: 70W and Zuotai had no effects on hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1, and corresponding nuclear receptors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα); farnesoid X receptor (FXR)]. In comparison, HgCl2 and MeHg increased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1 except for Cyp3a11, and corresponding nuclear receptors except for PXR. Western-blot confirmed mRNA results, showing increases in CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2E1, CYP4A and CYP7A1 by HgCl2 and MeHg only, and all treatments had no effects on CYP3A. Conclusions: Zuotai and Zuotai-containing 70W at clinical doses had minimal influence on hepatic CYPs and corresponding nuclear receptors, while HgCl2 and MeHg produced significant effects. Thus, the use of total Hg content to evaluate the safety of HgS-containing 70W is inappropriate.
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Nie, Yu, Shang-Fu Xu, Yan-Liu Lu, Xiu-Rong Zhao, Cen Li, Li-Xin Wei und Jie Liu. „Zuotai (β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei Zhen-Zhu-Wan differs from mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic cytochrome P450 in mice“. F1000Research 10 (11.03.2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.40667.1.
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Background: Zuotai (mainly β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei-Zhen-Zhu-Wan (70W, Rannasangpei) is a famous Tibetan medicine for treating cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. We have shown that 70W protected against CCl4 hepatotoxicity. CCl4 is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) to produce reactive metabolites. Whether 70W has any effect on CYPs is unknown and such effects should be compared with mercury compounds for safety evaluation. Methods: Mice were given clinical doses of 70W (0.15-1.5 g/kg, po), Zuotai (30 mg/kg, po), and compared to HgCl2 (33.6 mg/kg, po) and MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, po) for seven days. Liver RNA and protein were isolated for qPCR and Western-blot analysis. Results: 70W and Zuotai had no effects on hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1, and corresponding nuclear receptors [aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα); farnesoid X receptor (FXR)]. In comparison, HgCl2 and MeHg increased mRNA expression of Cyp1a2, Cyp2b10, Cyp4a10 and Cyp7a1 except for Cyp3a11, and corresponding nuclear receptors except for PXR. Western-blot confirmed mRNA results, showing increases in CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2E1, CYP4A and CYP7A1 by HgCl2 and MeHg only, and all treatments had no effects on CYP3A. Conclusions: Zuotai and Zuotai-containing 70W at clinical doses had minimal influence on hepatic CYPs and corresponding nuclear receptors, while HgCl2 and MeHg produced significant effects. Thus, the use of total Hg content to evaluate the safety of HgS-containing 70W is inappropriate.
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Kampen, Thomas. „Wang Jiaxiang, Mao Zedong and the ‘Triumph of Mao Zedong-Thought’ (1935–1945)“. Modern Asian Studies 23, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1989): 705–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010179.
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While Mao Zedong might still be China's most famous communist, only scholars of the history of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) have heard of Wang Jiaxiang and even they have never studied his career in detail. But recent Chinese publications show that there were very few CCP leaders who had such a tremendous impact on the Chinese communist movement in general and Mao Zedong's career in particular. This article will show that Wang not only supported Mao during the power struggles of the 1930s and helped convince Stalin that Mao should be acknowledged as the CCP's leader, but that Wang also played a decisive role in establishing Mao Zedong-Thought as the Party's guiding ideology. The release of numerous Party documents in the last five years also throws some light upon the relations and conflicts between Mao Zedong and other CCP leaders such as Wang Ming, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Guotao and Liu Shaoqi in the decade between the Long March and the Seventh Party Congress of 1945.
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Hu, De-Long, Quan-Zhan Chen, Chao-Jun Zhang, Ye Wang, Bian-Jiang Zhang und Can-Ming Tang. „Identification of cotton SKP1-like gene GhSKP1 and its function in seed germination and taproot growth in tobacco“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, Nr. 5 (September 2013): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-312.
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Hu, D-L., Chen, Q-Z., Zhang, C-J., Wang, Y., Zhang, B-J. and Tang, C-M. 2013. Identification of cotton SKP 1-like gene GhSKP1 and its function in seed germination and taproot growth in tobacco. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 817–825. The SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated-protein1) protein, a key component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex, has been reported to play many important roles in many organisms, including regulation of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, seed germination, taproot growth and auxin signaling, though no study of this gene in cotton has been performed. In this study, a SKP1 gene was isolated from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method and was named Gossypium hirsutum SKP1 (GhSKP1). The cDNA sequence of GhSKP1 was 813 bp containing a 474 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 156 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 17.63 kDa. The deduced amino acid of GhSKP1 had a conserved SKP1 domain. GhSKP1 expression was tested in all organs of cotton plants, and the strongest expression was observed in stamens and radicles that have actively dividing cells. Overexpression of the full-length GhSKP1 cDNA in tobacco caused delayed seed germination and shortened taproots. Our results suggest that the presence of functional conservation between GhSKP1 and SKP1 in plant developmental processes may exist.
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Xu, D., X. Tian, X. Zeng, F. Zhang, L. Zhao, S. Zhang, J. Zhou, J. L. Zhao und X. Kong. „FRI0224 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR POLYARTERITIS NODOSA PATIENTS WITH DIGITAL GANGRENE“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (Juni 2020): 695.2–695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.817.
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Background:Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a segmental, necrotizing vascular disease that primarily impacts medium-sized muscle arteries. The estimated annual incidence of PAN is still lacking in China. Digital gangrene is an ischemic manifestation of the limb. However, the causes and the treatment methods vary from case to case, and the outcome is unpredictable. These features emphasize the need to identify measurable variables that accelerate digital gangrene development in PAN patients. However, little effort has been made to identify the clinical and laboratory factors that affect PAN patients with digital gangrene to anticipate their natural history and response to therapy.Objectives:Many patients with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) complicated with digital gangrene have poor outcomes and related research information is limited. This study was carried out to identify the associated risk and prognostic factors.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of 148 PAN patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from September 1986 to December 2018. The characteristics, therapeutic regimens, and outcome data for patients with and without gangrene were compared. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox hazard regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic factors.Results:Forty-seven (31.8%) PAN patients had digital gangrene complications. The average age was 40.4±17.9 years and the average disease duration was 11 (4-27) months. The presence of digital gangrene was correlated with smoking history [odds ratio (OR), 4.27; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.56-11.66] and eosinophil elevation (28.12; 10.30-76.8). Thirty-two (68.1%) gangrene patients received methylprednisolone pulse therapy and all of these patients were treated with cyclophosphamide. Nine patients suffered irreversible organ injury and two died. Disease duration ≥ 24 months and elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were identified as hazardous factors for poor prognosis in patients with gangrene (P=0.003, HR=8.668, 95% CI 2.11, 35.55 andP=0.042, HR=27.062, 95% CI 1.13, 648.57, respectively).Conclusion:Smoking history and eosinophil elevation in PAN patients were more prone to digital gangrene and high serum CRP level predicted poor outcomes. PAN patients with smoking history and elevated eosinophils need to be seriously evaluated by clinicians. Furthermore, the CRP level should be efficiently controlled for good prognosis.References:[1]De Virgilio A, Greco A, Magliulo G, Gallo A, Ruoppolo G, Conte M, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa: A contemporary overview. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15:564-70.[2]Pagnoux C, Seror R, Henegar C, Mahr A, Cohen P, Le Guern V, et al. Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: a systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:616-26.[3]Xu D, You X, Wang Z, Zeng Q, Xu J, Jiang L, et al. Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment and Research Group Registry VI: Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Clinical Phenotype of Chinese Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0134451.Acknowledgments:NoDisclosure of Interests:Dong Xu: None declared, Xinping Tian: None declared, Xiaofeng Zeng Consultant of: MSD Pharmaceuticals, Fengchun Zhang: None declared, Lin Zhao: None declared, Shangzhu Zhang: None declared, Jiaxin Zhou: None declared, Jiu-liang Zhao: None declared, Xiaodan Kong: None declared
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Zhang, B.-B., H. Sun, Y. Zhan, Q.-F. He, Y. Zhu, Y.-K. Wang und C.-F. Luo. „Reliability and repeatability of tibial plateau fracture assessment with an injury mechanism-based concept“. Bone & Joint Research 8, Nr. 8 (August 2019): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.88.bjr-2018-0331.r1.
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Objectives CT-based three-column classification (TCC) has been widely used in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures (TPFs). In its updated version (updated three-column concept, uTCC), a fracture morphology-based injury mechanism was proposed for effective treatment guidance. In this study, the injury mechanism of TPFs is further explained, and its inter- and intraobserver reliability is evaluated to perfect the uTCC. Methods The radiological images of 90 consecutive TPF patients were collected. A total of 47 men (52.2%) and 43 women (47.8%) with a mean age of 49.8 years (sd 12.4; 17 to 77) were enrolled in our study. Among them, 57 fractures were on the left side (63.3%) and 33 were on the right side (36.7%); no bilateral fracture existed. Four observers were chosen to classify or estimate independently these randomized cases according to the Schatzker classification, TCC, and injury mechanism. With two rounds of evaluation, the kappa values were calculated to estimate the inter- and intrareliability. Results The overall inter- and intraobserver agreements of the injury mechanism were substantial (κinter = 0.699, κintra = 0.749, respectively). The initial position and the force direction, which are two components of the injury mechanism, had substantial agreement for both inter-reliability or intrareliability. The inter- and intraobserver agreements were lower in high-energy fractures (Schatzker types IV to VI; κinter = 0.605, κintra = 0.721) compared with low-energy fractures (Schatzker types I to III; κinter = 0.81, κintra = 0.832). The inter- and intraobserver agreements were relatively higher in one-column fractures (κinter = 0.759, κintra = 0.801) compared with two-column and three-column fractures. Conclusion The complete theory of injury mechanism of TPFs was first put forward to make the TCC consummate. It demonstrates substantial inter- and intraobserver agreement generally. Furthermore, the injury mechanism can be promoted clinically. Cite this article: B-B. Zhang, H. Sun, Y. Zhan, Q-F. He, Y. Zhu, Y-K. Wang, C-F. Luo. Reliability and repeatability of tibial plateau fracture assessment with an injury mechanism-based concept. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:357–366. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.88.BJR-2018-0331.R1.
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Zhou, W., M. He, R. Zhao, C. Dong und Z. Gu. „AB1331-HPR ACTIVE DISEASE ACTIVITY IN ANKYLOSIS SPONDYLITIS: WORSE OUTCOMES AND POORER HR-QOL“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (Juni 2020): 1954.2–1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6288.
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Background:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine, resulting in decline in quality of life[1,2]. Poor QoL is significantly related to high disease activity[3]. However, there is no systematic report on which prognosis indicators are affected by disease activity in AS patients.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the patient-reported outcome measures and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in AS patients defined on the basis of the Bath Spondylitis Ankylosing Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).Methods:204 AS patients were involved in this study. A serious of questionnaires were used to overall assess AS patients, which include: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), the Fatigue Severity Scale(FSS) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square analysis and Pearson /Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data.Results:The results demonstrated 31.4% AS patients were in active disease activity stage. Active AS patients were older, unemployed, and had less exercise therapy than stable AS patients. Besides, AS patients with active disease activity presented more severe pain(P<0.001), poor physical function(P<0.001) and spinal mobility(P<0.001). They were more anxious(P<0.001), depressed(P<0.001) and had more sleep disturbance(P=0.001). Compared with active AS patients, stable AS patients had more leukocytes(P=0.040), lymphocytes(P=0.002), erythrocytes(P=0.001) and hemoglobin(P<0.001). Active disease activity had a significant impact on all dimensions of quality of life in AS patients(P<0.001).Conclusion:These findings suggested that medical personnel should pay more attention to active AS patients and make effective interventions to improve quality of life.References:[1]Exarchou S, Lindstrom U, Askling J, Eriksson JK, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Neovius M, Turesson C, Kristensen LE, Jacobsson LT (2015) The prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis and its clinical manifestations: a nationwide register study. Arthritis research & therapy 17:118. doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0627-0[2]Qian Q, Xu X, He H, Ji H, Zhang H, Ding Y, Dai SM, Zou Y, Zhu Q, Yang C, Ye S, Jiang L, Tang JP, Tong Q, He D, Zhao D, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Jin L, Zhou X, Reveille JD, Zou H, Wang J (2017) Clinical patterns and characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis in China. Clinical rheumatology 36 (7):1561-1568. doi:10.1007/s10067-017-3660-3[3]Huang JC, Qian BP, Qiu Y, Wang B, Yu Y, Zhu ZZ, Hu J, Qu Z (2017) Quality of life and correlation with clinical and radiographic variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective case series study. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 18 (1):352. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1711-1Acknowledgments:Thanks to all the authors for their efforts and thanks to all members of the Department of Rheumatology of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University for their helpfulness in the acquisition of data.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
Dissertationen zum Thema "Hai wan zhan zheng"
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Shih, Liang-Yu, und 施亮宇. „The Interpretation and Analysis on He Zhan-Hao's Zheng Music - Based on Three 1990's Zheng Works of "Lin-an Grudge", "King of Western Chu", and "Lu You and Tang Wan"“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70013524372698212243.
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碩士國立臺南藝術大學
民族音樂學研究所
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The development of Zheng music culture has evolved over two thousand years. Since the 1980s, due to the combination with western composing techniques, not only has the quantity of Zheng music works increased, but also there were significant breakthroughs in the form of rendering and creation style. In the 1990s, large-scale Zheng music concerto creations had been developed. Since then, Zheng music has reached a new level in its composition structure, content and depth. Taking Professor He Zhan-Hao’s three 1990’s works ─ "Lin-an Grudge", "King of Western Chu", and "Lu You and Tang Wan" for examples, the author will study Prof. He’s music creation style based on composition analysis, music aesthetic and rendering interpretation, etc. After analyzing and understanding the works profoundly, for the purpose of interpretation, the author will accurately convey the composer's ideas and feelings by performing. Finally, the composer's unique style will be interpreted, being sure to include Professor He’s four creation characteristics ─ "music with a unique mood shaping", "using familiar historical background", "the meaning of creation is clear and easily understood", and "a vivid symphonic color of traditional Chinese music".
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Chen, Kuan-Wei, und 陳冠薇. „The Orphan writing of Educated Youth Generations in Contemporary China：Study of Li Rui, Han Shao-gong, Wang An-yi, Zhang Wei“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c434bn.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Hai wan zhan zheng"
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Hai wan zhan zheng quan shi. Beijing: Jie fang jun chu ban she, 2000.
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Rodney, P. Charlisle. M eiguo ren yan zhong de Hai wan zhan zheng. Beijing: Jun shi ke xue yuan chu ban she, 2006.
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Mei wan mei liao de zhan zheng: Zhong dong hai wan zhan huo pin ran. Beijing: Zhong yang wen xian chu ban she, 2000.
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Qingzhong, Liu, Hrsg. Mei jun hai wai zheng zhan ji. Zhongqing: Zhongqing chu ban she, 2007.
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Dengnigen, J. F. Mei jun da gai ge: Cong yue nan zhan zheng dao hai wan zhan zheng = GETTING IT RIGHT. Haikou: Hai nan chu ban she, 1999.
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Taiping yang zhan zheng hai zhan shi, 1941-1945. Beijing: Hai chao chu ban she, 1997.
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Zheng zhan si wang zhi hai: Talimu shi you hui zhan. Beijing Shi: Zhong gong dang shi chu ban she, 2013.
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Tian hun hai an: Taiping yang zhan zheng. Beijing: Lan tian chu ban she, 1994.
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Ke, Cao, und Xie Yuexiong, Hrsg. Yue, Hai jun min zheng zhan ji shi. 2. Aufl. Beijing Shi: Jie fang jun wen yi chu ban she, 2002.
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Ke, Cao, und Xie Yuexiong, Hrsg. Yue, Hai jun min zheng zhan ji shi. 2. Aufl. Beijing Shi: Jie fang jun wen yi chu ban she, 2002.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Hai wan zhan zheng"
1
Jaguścik, Justyna. „In Search of Spaces of Their Own: Woolf, Feminism and Women’s Poetry From China“. In The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature, 314–31. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448475.003.0018.
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This chapter discusses the traveling of Woolf's writing, especially A Room of One's Own, into twentieth-century China. It argues, that since 1928, when this text had first been discussed by Xu Zhimo, A Room has remained an important point of reference in the Chinese-language feminist theory and literature. Particularly in post-Mao China, many female authors have been inspired by Woolf's spatial metaphoric and her reflections on female authorship. This chapter proposes close readings of poems and essays by Chinese contemporary female poets, such as Lu Yimin, Wang Xiaoni, Zhai Yongming and Zhang Zhen. It demonstrates that Woolf’s ideas have reverberated throughout works by the most innovative avant-garde female poets of the post-Mao era.
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Zhang, Ji, Qigang Gao und Hai Wang. „Outlying Subspace Detection for High-Dimensional Data“. In Handbook of Research on Innovations in Database Technologies and Applications, 555–61. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-242-8.ch059.
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Knowledge discovery in databases, commonly referred to as data mining, has attracted enormous research efforts from different domains such as databases, statistics, artificial intelligence, data visualization, and so forth in the past decade. Most of the research work in data mining such as clustering, association rules mining, and classification focus on discovering large patterns from databases (Ramaswamy, Rastogi, & Shim, 2000). Yet, it is also important to explore the small patterns in databases that carry valuable information about the interesting abnormalities. Outlier detection is a research problem in small-pattern mining in databases. It aims at finding a specific number of objects that are considerably dissimilar, exceptional, and inconsistent with respect to the majority records in an input database. Numerous research work in outlier detection has been proposed such as the distribution-based methods (Barnett & Lewis, 1994; Hawkins, 1980), the distance-based methods (Angiulli & Pizzuti, 2002; Knorr & Ng, 1998, 1999; Ramaswamy et al.; Wang, Zhang, & Wang, 2005), the density-based methods (Breuning, Kriegel, Ng, & Sander, 2000; Jin, Tung, & Han, 2001; Tang, Chen, Fu, & Cheung, 2002), and the clustering-based methods (Agrawal, Gehrke, Gunopulos, & Raghavan, 1998; Ester, Kriegel, Sander, & Xu, 1996; Hinneburg & Keim, 1998; Ng & Han, 1994; Sheikholeslami, Chatterjee, & Zhang, 1999; J. Zhang, Hsu, & Lee, 2005; T. Zhang, Ramakrishnan, & Livny, 1996).
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Gryk, M. R., und O. Jardetzky. „Flexibility and Function of the Excherichia coli trp Represser“. In Biological NMR Spectroscopy. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0011.
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The trp repressor from Escherichia coli is a DNA binding protein, which in the presence of the ami no acid tryptophan inhibits the transcription of at least five operons: trpEDCBA, trpR, aroH, mtr, and aroL (Zubay et al., 1972; Rose et al., 1973; Zurawski et al., 1981; Heatwole and Somerville, 1991, 1992). The ligand-free form (aporepressor) shows only weak binding (KD ~ 106 - 107 M) to DNA, independent of the nucleotide sequence (Carey, 1988; Hurlburt and Yanofsky, 1990). The tryptophan containing form (holorepressor) binds preferentially to specific operator sequences with a much higher binding constant (KD ~ 1010 - 1011 M) (Carey, 1988; Chou et al., 1989; Hurlburt and Yanofsky, 1990). The binding of the repressoris thus regulated by tryptophan, which acts as a corepressor (Rose et al., 1973). With a molecular weight of approximately 25kD, the trp repressoris one of the smallest regulatory systems known, which makes it attractive as a prototype for the study of the molecular mechanism of allosteric regulation. In the twelve years since it was isolated and purified (Joachimiak et al., 1983), it has become one of the most extensively studied allosteric systems. Although Perutz has justly pointed out that the trp repressoris not allosteric in a classical sense (Perutz, 1989), in fact, the control site is too close to the DNA binding site to separate direct and indirect (allosteric) effects, the system does manifest an essential feature of all allosteric control mechanisms - a structural change induced by ligand binding. Structures of both the apo- and the holorepressor have been determined both by x-ray diffraction (Zhang et al., 1987; Schevitz et al., 1985; Lawson et al., 1988) and by NMR (Arrowsmith et al., 1991a; Zhao et al., 1993). Structures of the operator DNA have also been reported (Lefèvre et al., 1987; Shakked et al., 1994a,b), and several structures of operator-repressor complexes are available: two crystal structures (Otwinowski et al., 1988, Lawson and Carey, 1993), and a family of NMR solution structures (Zhang et al., 1994).
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Lee, Sangjoon. „Constructing the Anticommunist Producers’ Alliance“. In Cinema and the Cultural Cold War, 92–113. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752315.003.0005.
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This chapter explains the strategic significance of Hong Kong to the Asia Foundation (TAF), which was attributed to its geographical, political, and economic weight among overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. It mentions Robert Blum, who understood the importance of Hong Kong as the primary center in Asia for the production of Chinese media in the Mandarin language. It also talks about the film industry in Hong Kong that had been believed to be heavily dominated by communist producers as it had been subsidized by Chinese communist capital. The chapter identifies film production companies, such as Great Wall Pictures, The Phoenix Studio, and Dragon Horse, that had been markedly successful in local markets since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. It discusses how Great Wall Pictures was cofounded by Zhang Shankun, who is known as the king of Chinese cinema in wartime Shanghai.
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Costanzo, William V. „Film Comedy in East Asia“. In When the World Laughs, 299–332. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190924997.003.0014.
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Informed by centuries of Daoist, Buddhist, Shinto, and Confucian thought as well as the particularities of Eastern languages and customs, film comedy in China, Korea, and Japan offers fascinating new viewpoints for Westerners. In contrast to the Greek distinction between comedy and tragedy, laughter in East Asia tends to be allied with equilibrium, an integral part of a balanced state and state of mind. This chapter highlights major figures and trends associated with humor in Japan (Yasujiro Ozu, Juzo Itami, Toshiro Mifune), Korea (Jee-won Kim, Sang-jin Kim), Hong Kong (Jackie Chan, Stephen Chow), Taiwan (Chun Han Wang, Ang Lee), and the People’s Republic of China (Zhang Yimou, Xiaogang Feng).
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Zhang, Y. J. „Advanced Techniques for Object-Based Image Retrieval“. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 68–73. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch014.
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Along with the progress of imaging modality and the wide utility of digital images (including video) in various fields, many potential content producers have emerged, and many image databases have been built. Because images require large amounts of storage space and processing time, how to quickly and efficiently access and manage these large, both in the sense of information contents and data volume, databases has become an urgent problem. The research solution for this problem, using content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques, was initiated in the last decade (Kato, 1992). An international standard for multimedia content descriptions, MPEG-7, was formed in 2001 (MPEG). With the advantages of comprehensive descriptions of image contents and consistence to human visual perception, research in this direction is considered as one of the hottest research points in the new century (Castelli, 2002; Zhang, 2003; Deb, 2004).
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Hoefle, Arnhilt Johanna. „The Ideal Woman?“ In China's Stefan Zweig. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824872083.003.0005.
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Zweig’s female protagonists have become famous in China as the “Zweig-style female figures” (Ciweige shi de nüxing xingxiang). Chapter Five asks what role the portrayal of femininity has played in Zweig’s poetics and their reception in post-Mao China. Employing a longstanding rhetoric that correlates the status of society and the status of women, Chinese critics argued that the depiction of suffering, emotional, and self-sacrificing female figures was the most powerful tool in Zweig’s critique of bourgeois society. Similar to female Chinese writers of the 1980s, such as Zhang Jie, feminist intellectuals thus started to return to a seemingly anachronistic concept of femininity. In this way, however, they were able to express their rejection of the Maoist gender policy and its promotion of gender sameness, thus also supporting a new regime that was eager to distance itself from its Maoist past. A discussion of how Zweig’s “women novellas” also crossed the Taiwan Strait and served the leadership under Deng Xiaoping in its new “peaceful” strategy to promote reunification concludes the chapter.
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Taber, Douglass. „Alkaloid Synthesis: Crispine A (Zhou), Cermizine C (Zhang), Tangutorine (Poupon), FR901483 (Kerr), Serratezomine A (Johnston)“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0061.
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Enantioselective hydrogenation of enamides is a well-established transformation. The corresponding reduction of enamines has been elusive. Qi-Lin Zhou of Nankai University designed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1366) an Ir catalyst that reduced 2 to the Carpus alkaloid Crispine A 3 in high ee. Direct conversion of C-H to C-C bonds is a powerful synthetic transformation. Liming Zhang, now at the University of California, Santa Barbara, observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 8394) that a gold catalyst converted the N-oxide of 4 into 5, that was then deoxygenated to give Cermizine C 6. The gold catalyst and the N-oxide combined to convert the alkyne into an α-keto carbene, in the process reducing the N-oxide back to the amine. The carbene then abstracted a hydride from the carbon adjacent to the amine, generating an intermediate that collapsed to give 5 with high diastereocontrol. Tangutorine 10, isolated from the leaves of Nitraria tangutorum, affects the morphology of human colon cancer cells. In a biomimetic approach, Erwan Poupon of the Université Paris-Sud stirred (Organic Lett . 2009, 11, 1891) glutaraldehyde 7 with bicarbonate to give an unstable carbocyclic dimer. Addition of tryptamine in acetic acid delivered the pentacyclic product 9, that was reduced with borohydride to give the crystalline Tangutorine 10. FR901483, a potent immunosuppressive isolated from a Cladobotyrum fermentation broth, presents an challenging array of stereogenic centers in its tricyclic skeleton. Michael A. Kerr of the University of Western Ontario prepared (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 777) the activated cyclopropane 11, then effected intramolecular dipolar opening with an intermediate imine, yielding the tricyclic 12. The Lycopodium alkaloid Serratezomine A 21 presents a similarly challenging array of stereogenic centers in its tetracyclic structure. Jeffrey N. Johnston of Vanderbilt University constructed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3470) the pyrrolidine ring of 15 using the imine free radical acceptor that he had previously developed. Having the alkene-Sn bond in place then enabled coupling with the acid chloride 16. Oxidative deprotection of 17 freed the enamine, that added in a conjugate sense to the unsaturated ester, kinetically setting the axial branch of 18.
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Guoqiang, Dong, und Andrew G. Walder. „The Final Struggle“. In A Decade of Upheaval, 156–76. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691213217.003.0008.
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This chapter illustrates how the local standoff was broken in the last three months of 1974. At a central party work conference in mid-October, Wang Hongwen and Zhang Chunqiao, ranking central leaders associated with the radical group that had supported Mao Zedong in launching the Cultural Revolution, harshly criticized the crackdown against May 16 elements in Jiangsu Province. This was part of their drive to push military officers out of revolutionary committees in the wake of Lin Biao's purge. It was also due to their perception that the crackdowns were part of a military effort to persecute genuine rebel groups who had spearheaded the mass movements that they had sponsored back in 1967. The veteran cadres who now headed Jiangsu immediately relayed these instructions to party committees across the province, because it helped them push out lingering army control over civilian administration. In December of 1974, Shao Wen was transferred far away from Feng County. However, the new county leaders seemed indifferent to Paolian's grievances against Liansi. This is the primary reason why, after these leaders were later attacked by Liansi at the end of 1975 and early 1976, Paolian did not actively defend them. The chapter then looks at the death of Mao and considers the final major campaign to rid leading bodies across China of individuals who had risen into positions as a result of their earlier factional activity.
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Lambert, Tristan H. „Reactions Involving Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage“. In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0028.
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Although they have historically played a relatively lesser role in organic synthesis, the appearance of a number of interesting methods that utilize C–C bond cleavage has prompted coverage in this chapter. Christopher W. Bielawski at the University of Texas at Austin found (Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 2986) that the diamidocarbene 1 inserted into the C(O)–C(O) bond of dione 2 to produce 3 at room temperature. The use of oxalate monoester 5 for the decarboxylative cross-coupling with pyridine 4 to produce 6 was reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 5796) by Yi-Si Feng at Hefei University of Technology. The team of Junichiro Yamaguchi and Kenichiro Itami at Nagoya University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13573) a decarbonylative C–H coupling method that allowed for the merger of oxazoles 7 and 8 to form 9, an intermediate on the way to muscoride A. The decarboxylative alkenylation of alcohols, such as in the conversion of 10 and n-propanol to alcohol 11, was reported (Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 2853) by Zhong-Quan Liu at Lanzhou University. Guangbin Dong at the University of Texas at Austin reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 134, 20005) a rhodium-catalyzed C–C bond activation strategy for the enantioselective conversion of benzocyclobutenone 12 to tricycle 13. Rhodium catalysis was also employed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 17502) by Masahiro Murakami at Kyoto University in the ring expansion of benzocyclobutenol 14 to form 15, the regioselectivity of which is opposite to that of the thermal reaction. The tandem semipinacol-type migration/aldol reaction of cyclohexenone 16 to produce 17 was developed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5114) by Yong-Qiang Tu and Fu-Min Zhang at Lanzhou University. A procedure for the synthesis of complex cyclopentenone 19 by the addition of vinyl Grignard to cyclobutanedione 18 was reported (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 6327) by Teresa Varea at the University of Valencia in Spain. Michael A. Kerr at the University of Western Ontario found (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 6634) that treatment of cyclopropane hemimalonate 20 with azide led to the formation of 21, which can be readily reduced to the corresponding γ-aminobutyric ester.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Hai wan zhan zheng"
1
Rushton, P. A., F. Taheri und D. C. Stredulinsky. „Threshold and Variable Amplitude Crack Growth Behavior in 350WT Steel“. In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1291.
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A number of models are currently available for the prediction of fatigue crack growth (FCG). Among them, Zhang and Hirt model has been identified as the most promising, based on the fact that it requires knowledge of only the basic mechanical properties of the material and the threshold stress intensity factor (Kth). To determine an appropriate value for Kth, an experimental program was designed to investigate the crack growth threshold behavior of 350WT steel. The resulting Kth was found to be similar to that suggested by other workers. However, our investigation showed that when used in conjunction with the Zheng and Hirt model, the experimentally determined Kth yields poor fatigue life predictions (FLP). An experimental testing program was also developed to investigate the fatigue crack growth behavior of center-cracked 350WT steel specimens when subjected to semi-random loading comprised of various combinations of intermittent tensile overloads and compressive underloads. Taheri et al. [1] proposed an exponential delay model for the prediction of crack growth behavior under the influence of intermittently applied tensile overloads. The current investigation proposes a modification to the exponential delay model to include the effects of not only overload ratio, but also stress ratios and overload/underload ratios. The modified delay model predictions proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Feng, Yu, und Clement Kleinstreuer. „Transport and Deposition of Ellipsoidal Fibers in Subject-Specific Lung Airways“. In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87032.
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Fine to ultrafine materials, such as spherical particles and fibers with their diverse applications ranging from cosmetics, cleaners and composites to nanomedicine are increasingly ubiquitous in the air we breathe. For example, the unique lung deposition patterns of nanoparticles and their ease-of-migration into the blood stream may cause severe health problems, as discussed by Oberdoerster et al. (2005). In contrast, multifunctional nanoparticles as well as micron fibers are also being used as drug carriers for cancer treatment (Zhang et al., 2011). While the transport and deposition of spherical nanoparticles has been analyzed (Kleinstreuer and Zhang, 2010; among others), the fate of ellipsoidal particles in subject-specific lung airways has hardly been addressed. In this study, the Euler-Lagrange fluid-particle modeling approach (i.e., the Discrete Phase Method solver) has been employed in Fluent 13.0 (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA). User-supplied C-programs have been added to simulate ellipsoidal fibers transport and orientation effects. The computer simulation model has been validated for fiber transport and deposition in a circular tube (Tian et al., 2012). Additionally, transitional airflow patterns were analyzed and local deposition efficiencies compared for spherical particles and fibers in a realistic human respiratory system. The capability of ellipsoidal fibers migrating into deeper lung regions was indicated and fiber deposition “hot spots” were discussed. The numerical results expand the basic understanding of the dynamics of non-spherical particles in realistic shear flows, and can be used to investigate the fate of inhaled toxic or therapeutic materials.
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Yan, Hong-Sen, und Kuo-Hung Hsiao. „The Development of Ancient Earthquake Instruments“. In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99107.
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This paper studies sensing element designs in ancient seismometers and describes the developments of ancient earthquake instruments. A basic seismograph comprises a seismometer, a recording system, and a timing system. The major difficulty in the development of a seismograph was the design of the seismometer. And, the break through was the use of a pendulum system as a sensing element that responded to ground motion and did not move with the ground. Early seismoscopes were primarily intended to determine that an earthquake had happened. The first seismoscope invented by Zhang Heng was Hou Feng Di Dong Yi made in ancient China around the year 132 AD. The truly successful seismographs were first designed and built in the 1880s by a group of British scientists in Japan. In 1906, Boris Galitzin developed a working electromagnetic seismograph with a great sensitivity. Finally, a comparison with the recording systems of ancient seismographs is concluded.
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Okita, Risa, Yongli Zhang, Brenton S. McLaury, Siamack A. Shirazi und Edmund F. Rybicki. „Experimental and CFD Investigations to Evaluate the Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Particle Size on Erosion Damage in Oil and Gas Production Equipment“. In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31271.
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Zhang et al (2006) utilized CFD to examine the validity of erosion models that have been implemented into CFD codes to predict solid particle erosion in air and water for Inconel 625. This work is an extension of Zhang’s work and is presented as a step toward obtaining a better understanding of the effects of fluid viscosity and sand particle size on measured and calculated erosion rates. The erosion rates of Aluminum 6061-T6 were measured for direct impingement conditions of a submerged jet. Fluid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP and sand particle sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm were tested. The average fluid speed of the jet was maintained at 10 m/s. Erosion data show that erosion rates for the 20 and 150 μm particles are reduced as the viscosity is increased, while surprisingly the erosion rates for the 300 μm particles do not seem to change much for the higher viscosities. For all viscosities considered, larger particles produced higher erosion rates, for the same mass of sand, than smaller particles. Concurrently, an erosion equation has been generated based on erosion testing of the same material in air. The new erosion model has been compared to available models and has been implemented into a commercially available CFD code to predict erosion rates for a variety of flow conditions, flow geometries, and particle sizes. Since particle speed and impact angle greatly influence erosion rates of the material, calculated particle speeds were compared with measurements. Comparisons reveal that, as the particles penetrate the near wall shear layer, particles in the higher viscosity liquids tend to slow down more rapidly than particles in the lower viscosity liquids. In addition, CFD predictions and particle speed measurements are used to explain why the erosion data for larger particles is less sensitive to the increased viscosities.
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Xu, Jie, Zhiliang Zhang, Erling O̸stby, Ba˚rd Nyhus und Dongbai Sun. „Axisymmetric Modeling of Constraint Effect on the Ductile Crack Growth Resistance of Circumferentially Cracked Pipes“. In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20083.
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Ductile crack growth plays an important role in the analysis of the fracture behavior of structures. Crack-like defects in pipe systems often develop during fabrication or in-service operation. The standard single edge notched bending (SENB) specimen with crack depth of a/W = 0.5 has a significantly higher geometry constraint than actual pipes with circumferential surface cracks, which therefore introduces a high degree of conservatism in engineering critical assessment (ECA) of pipes. Moreover, it is difficult to know how conservative the results are, because the geometry constraint is highly material-dependent. For circumferential surface flaws in pipes, the single edge notched tension (SENT) specimen has frequently been used because it has a geometry constraint in front of the crack tip that is similar to the cracks in pipes. Much work has been carried out on tensile testing for the SENT specimen as an alternative fracture mechanics specimen of pipes. In studying fully circumferential cracks in pipes, the crack geometry, applied load and boundary conditions are symmetrical about the axis of revolution. A typical radial plane containing the axis of rotational symmetry can represent these axisymmetric bodies; therefore the three-dimensional analysis can be reduced to a two-dimensional problem. This work systemically applies 2D axisymmetric models to study the ductile crack growth behavior of pipes with fully internal and external circumferential cracks under large scale yielding conditions. The complete Gurson model (CGM) developed and implemented by Zhang was utilized to predict the ductile crack growth resistance curves. Pipes with various internal pressure, diameter-to-thickness ratios, crack depths and material properties, as denoted by hardening and initial void volume fraction, have been analyzed. The results have been compared with those of corresponding clamped-loaded SENT (with same crack depth) and standard SENB specimens. It clearly indicates that the SENT specimen is a good representation of circumferentially flawed pipes and an alternative to the conventional standard SENB specimen for the fracture mechanics testing in ECA of pipes.
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Zhang, Junjing, D. Zhu und A. D. Hill. „Water-Induced Fracture Conductivity Damage in Shale Formations“. In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173346-ms.
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Abstract Shale fracture conductivity can be reduced significantly due to shale-water interactions. Factors that may influence shale fracture conductivity include shale mineralogy, proppant embedment, shale fines migration, proppant fines migration, brine concentration, longer term rock creep, and residual water in the fracture. The study of excessive proppant embedment has been reported in our previous work (Zhang et al. 2014a). This paper presents the studies of the rest of these factors. Laboratory experiments were run to understand each of these factors. To study the effect of rock mineralogy, recovered fracture conductivities after water damage for the Barnett Shale, the Eagle Ford Shale, and Berea Sandstone were measured. During conductivity measurements, water flow directions were switched to study the effect of shale fines migration. The size of shale fines was measured by microscopic imaging techniques, and scanning electron microscopic observations are also presented. Proppant fines migration was examined by placing two colors of sand on each half of the fracture surface and a microscope was used to identify the migrated crushed sands of one color mixed in the other color sand. Fresh water and 2% KCl were injected to study the effect of brine concentration. After water injection, the proppant pack was either fully dried or kept wet to investigate the damage by residual water. Results showed that clay content determines the fracture conductivity damage by water. Fines generated from the shale fracture due to fracture face spalling, slope instability, and clay dispersion can migrate inside the fracture and are responsible for approximately 20% of the conductivity reduction. There is no evidence of crushed proppant particle migration in this study. Longer term rock creep accounts for a 20% reduction of the fracture conductivity. Fresh water does not further damage the fracture conductivity when initial conductivities are above 65 md-ft. Removal of the residual water from the fracture by evaporation helps recover the fracture conductivity to a small extent. A theoretical model of propped fracture conductivity was extended to include the effects of water damage on fracture conductivity. An empirical correlation for the damage effects in the Barnett shale was implemented in this model.
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Yabo Guan und Thomas A. Gennarelli. „Experimental Study on Non-Exit Ballistic Induced Traumatic Brain Injury“. In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176407.
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Ballistic-induced traumatic brain injury remains the most severe type of injury with the highest rate of fatality. Yet, its injury biomechanics remains the least understood. Ballistic injury biomechanics studies have been mostly focused on the trunk and extremities using large gelatin blocks with unconstrained boundaries [1, 2]. Results from these investigations are not directly applicable to brain injuries studies because the human head is smaller and the soft brain is enclosed in a relatively rigid cranium. Thali et al. developed a “skin-skull-brain” model to reproduce gunshot wounds to the head for forensic purposes [3]. These studies focused on wound morphology to the skull rather than brain injury. Watkins et al. used human dry skulls filled with gelatin and investigated temporary cavities and pressure change [4]. However, the frame rate of the cine X-ray was too slow to describe the cavity dynamics, and pressures were only quantified at the center of skull. In addition, the ordnance gelatin used in these studies is not the most suitable simulant to model brain material because of differences in dynamic moduli [5]. Sylgard gel (Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI) demonstrates similar behavior as the brain and has been used as a brain surrogate to determine brain deformations under blunt impact loading [6, 7]. Zhang et al. used the simulant for ballistic brain injury and investigated the correlation between temporary cavity pulsation and pressure change [8, 9]. However, the skulls used in these models were not as rigid as the human cranium. The presence of a stronger cranial bone may significantly decrease the projectile velocity and change the kinematics of cavity and pressure distribution in the cranium. In addition, projectiles perforated through the models in these studies. Patients with through-and-through perforating gunshot wounds to the head have a greater fatality rate than patients with non-exit penetrating wounds [10]. Therefore, it is more clinically relevant to investigate non-exit ballistic traumatic brain injuries. Consequently, the current study is designed to investigate the brain injury biomechanics from non-exit penetrating projectile using an appropriately sized and shaped physical head model.
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Zhang, Lingzhu, und Alain CHIARADIA. „How to design the metro network for maximal accessibility potential? A comparative analysis of Shanghai.“ In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.4975.
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In Shanghai, the high-capacity metro network has been proved to play an important role in the urban movement and urban morphology generating pattern. Previous studies on the metro network analysis such as London Underground network (Chiaradia, 2005) and Shanghai Metro network (Zhang, 2014) have shown that topological configuration of metro network can explain at least 50% of entry/exit movement at metro stations. The Shanghai metro network uses a core ring (Inner ring Line 4) to encircle a core of stations which are characterized by higher line connectivity. Branches radiate from the core and reach further areas of the urban system. However, the core lines and stations have over-congested especially at peak time, at the same time, the link mean distance doesn’t minimized because the inner ring core is not big enough for the ever growing metro network. How should the network be designed to achieve best accessibility potential? Through the use of sDNA (spatial design network analysis) and geographic information system, this paper compared current 2016 and planned 2020 Shanghai metro network (Fig 1). There was an increase of 23% in the metro station amount, however, the mean distance only decreased by 2.6%, and the line connectivity increased by 0.68%. Inspired by the Shanghai City Planning 2015-2040 which will reserve place for a ring-shaped metro line near mid-ring, and by the two orbital rail rings for the Greater Paris, we did a comparison between 4 network plans based on the 2016 network: a) a mid-ring line added; b)a mid-ring line & mid-ring express line added; c) two ellipse rings added; d) two ellipse rings & ellipse express lines added (Fig 2). The results showed that the plan D works best for minimizing mean distance and maximizing line connectivity, followed by plan C, plan B, and plan A. Two ellipse rings and express lines led to a reduction of more than 30% of network mean distance and an increase of 18.5% of line connectivity, corresponding to only 13% increase of the metro station amount. The proposed approach enables us to configurationally examine urban metro network accessibility potential and provides decision support for urban development.
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Mohamed, Mohamed Ibrahim, und Vladimir Alvarado. „Geochemical Modeling on Effect of Active Species, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO2-4 on the Carbonate Rock Surface, in Connection to Wettability Alteration of the Rock“. In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200829-ms.
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Abstract A large percentage of petroleum reserves are located in carbonate reservoirs, which can be divided into limestone, chalk and dolomite. Roughly the oil recovery from carbonates is below the 30% due to the strong oil wetness, low permeability, abundance of natural fractures, and inhomogeneous rock properties Austad (2013). Injection of adjusted brine chemistry into carbonate reservoirs has been reported to increase oil recovery by 5-30% of the original oil in place in field tests and core flooding experiments. Previous studies have shown that adjusted waterflooding recovery in carbonate reservoirs is dependent on the composition and ionic strength of the injection brine (Morrow et al. 1998; Zhang 2005). Many research works have focused on the role of the brine composition in altering the initial wettability state of carbonate rock, which is usually intermediate- to oil-wet. Crude oils contain carboxyl group, -COOH, that can be found in the resin and asphaltenes fractions. The negatively charged carboxyl group, -COOH bond very strongly with the positively charged, sites on the carbonate surface. The carbonate surface, which is positively charged is believed to adsorb the SO42− that is negatively charged. On the other side cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ bind to the negatively charged carboxylic group and release it from the surface. In this study we use a closed system geochemical model to study the effect of the surface-charge dominant species; Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42− on the carbonate surfaces at 80 °C. The proposed geochemical interactions can possibly lead to a change in the surface charge, altering wettability of the rock by exchanging ions/cations. Brines with various concentrations of Mg2+ and SO42− were prepared in the lab and contact angle between carbonate substrate and crude oil was measured using a rising/captive bubble tensiometer at 80 °C. The composition of the carbonate system was collected from previous literature review and the composition of adjusted brines was used to build a surface sorption database to develop a geochemical model. This model is focused on identifying the reaction paths and the surface behavior that may represent the real system. Changes in carbonate surface wettability were further evaluated using a series of contact angle experiments. Experimental observations and modeling results are concordant and imply that SO42− ions may alter the wettability of carbonate surface at high temperature.
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Yamamoto, Brennan E., und A. Zachary Trimble. „Investigating the Feasibility of Tuning the Natural Frequency of an Electromagnetically-Transduced Energy Harvester Using Passively-Controlled Inductance“. In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7720.
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As the required power for wireless, low-power sensor systems continues to decrease, the feasibility of a fully self-sustaining, onboard power supply, has increased interest in the field of vibration energy harvesting — where ambient kinetic energy is scavenged from the surrounding environment. Current literature has produced a number of harvesting techniques and transduction methods; however, they are all fundamentally similar in that, the harmonic excitation frequency must fall within the resonant bandwidth frequency of the harvesting mechanism to maintain acceptable energy output. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential for natural frequency tuning by means of passive electrical components, that is, using an imposed electrical inductance to adjust the equivalent stiffness, and resulting resonant frequency of a vibration energy harvester. In past literature, it was concluded that an “active” frequency tuning mechanism would be infeasible, as the power required by an equivalent “stiffening transducer” would require more power to maintain the system at resonance, than the system would actually produce as a result of maintaining resonance, i.e., a net energy loss (Roundy and Zhang 2005). It is believed that the model used in this conclusion can be improved by directly modeling changes in system stiffness as an equivalent mechanical spring, instead of an external inertial loading. Due to the conservative nature of the harmonic spring, the compliance of a harvesting mechanism can be theoretically altered without energy losses, whether the actuation is applied using “active” or “passive” means. This revised model departs from the traditional, base excitation model in most vibration energy harvesting systems, and includes additional stiffness, and damping elements, representative of induced mechanical spring, and related losses. We can validate the feasibility of this technique, if it can be shown that the natural frequency of an energy harvester can be altered, and still maintain energy output similar to its “untuned” natural frequency. If feasible, this tuning method would provide a viable alternative to other bandwidth-increasing techniques in literature, e.g., wideband harvesting, bandwidth normalizing, high-damping, etc. In this research, a change in natural frequency of the experimental energy harvesting system of 0.5 Hz was demonstrated, indicating that adjusting the natural frequency of a vibration energy harvesting system is possible; however, there are many new challenges associated with the revised energy harvesting model, related to the new introduced losses to the system, as well as impedance matching between the mechanical and electrical domains. Further research is required to better quantitatively characterize the relationship between natural frequency shift, and imposed electrical inductance.