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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Health and hygiene“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Health and hygiene"
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Abuosi, Aaron Asibi, Samuel Kaba Akoriyea, Gloria Ntow-Kummi, Joseph Akanuwe, Patience Aseweh Abor, Anita Anima Daniels, and Robert Kaba Alhassan. "Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Ghana’s health care institutions: An observational study." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 25, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043520958579.
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Objective To assess hand hygiene compliance in selected primary hospitals in Ghana. Design A cross-sectional health facility-based observational study was conducted in primary health care facilities in five regions in Ghana. A total of 546 healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, midwives and laboratory personnel from 106 health facilities participated in the study. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures included availability of hand hygiene materials and alcohol job aids; compliance with moments of hand hygiene; and compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing. These were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results The mean availability of hand hygiene material and alcohol job aids was 75% and 71% respectively. This was described as moderately high, but less desirable. The mean hand hygiene compliance with moments of hand hygiene was 51%, which was also described asmoderately high, but less desirable. It was observed that, generally, hand hygiene was performed after procedures than before. However, the mean compliance with steps in hygienic hand washing was 86%, which was described as high and desirable. Conclusion Healthcare workers are generally competent in performance of hygienic hand washing. However, this does not seem to influence compliance with moments of hand hygiene. Efforts must therefore be made to translate the competence of healthcare workers in hygienic hand washing into willingness to comply with moments of hand hygiene, especially contact with patients.
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Tarafder M A. "Good Personal Hygiene: Need to Fight against the Spread of Infectious Diseases." Journal of Diabetic Association Medical College, Faridpur 4, Number 1 (January 1, 2020): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.70357/jdamc.2020.v0401.08.
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According to World Health Organization (WHO) “Health is the state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity”. Health is a perception of positive state of well being, where there is harmony between body and mind. It has been well said that only that person can be called really healthy who has a sound mind in a sound body. Health is the state of life that allows people to live and work. Hygiene is defined as conditions or practices conducive tomaintaining health and preventing disease. Hygiene hasbeen shown to reduce communicable diseases and improvesocial outcomes in the community. There are barriers inimproving hygiene especially in countries with low socio-economic conditions. Now days, developing countries likeBangladesh continually struggling to cope with scarceresources and poor hygienic practices in the community.The common type of hygiene includes personal hygiene,food hygiene, water hygiene and hygiene during wastedisposal. There are several challenges in achieving highlevel of hygiene which include poverty, lack of politicalcommitment, lack of community participation, genderinequality, inadequate data, lack of inadequatecoordination between stakeholders, and behavioral issues.To reduce these challenges, measures to be taken arecommunity empowerment and involvement, equitableaccess to hygiene needs, strong political commitment,promoting gender equality, and enhancing young adolescents in different levels.
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LUBIS, FITHRI HANDAYANI, and Hengki Frengki Manullang. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSONAL HYGIENE PADA SISWA DALAM MANAJEMEN LAYANAN USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH (UKS) SMK GANDA HUSADA TEBING TINGGI TAHUN 2022." Jurnal Penelitian Kesmasy 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpksy.v5i1.1115.
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Personal hygiene comes from the Greek words meaning individual, and cleanliness, meaning health. Personal hygiene is taking care of your body to improve your physical and mental health. Clean and healthy living behavior is behavior done by the community to take care of their own health and play an active role in maintaining the cleanliness and health of the environment. Poor personal hygiene can cause various diseases such as diarrhea, tooth decay, and asthma. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of personal hygiene on school health services. The research design used is descriptive observation with a qualitative approach. Sampling is done using the probability sampling method. The survey method is a questionnaire. This data was analyzed using chi-square statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between knowledge and personal hygiene with a P value of 0.004. There is an Influence of Attitude with Personal Hygiee at SMK Ganda Husada Tebing Tinggi with a P value of 0.001. There is an influence of Educator Support with Personal Hygiene with P value of 0.003. There is an influence of family support with personal hygiene with a P value of 0.003. There is an influence of PHBS Facilities with Personal Hygiene with a P value of 0.004. In schools, it is recommended that personal hygiene education be taught more in accordance with the school curriculum. Schools can collaborate with local start-ups through the UKS program and conduct regular personal hygiene sessions
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Nurhidayah, Suhartini, and Dewi Retno Puspitosari. "The Influence of Health Education About Dental Health on The Attitudes of Parents in Maintaining the Dental Health of Preschool Children in Paud Lentera Alam Campurdarat Village, Tulungagung District." Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET) 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v1i2.277.
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The children’s dental hygiene is an effort of parents to keep the children’s teeth healthy and run its functions normally. The hygienic teeth was clean and no porous. The dental care was important, since some dental problems caused by unclean teeth such as dental plaque, dental caries, gum infection and dental porous. So the health education is very important. The design of this research was comparative analysis with pe-pascates approach in a group (One-group pre-test post-test design), the population was all parents of PAUD Lentera Alam Campurdarat Villlage Tulungagung Sub District, 40 respondents were taken a samples by total sampling technique. The independent variable was the health education about dental hygiene and the dependent one was the parents’ behavior to care the pre-school children’s dental hygiene. The data was obtained from questionnaires, analyzed with “Willcoxon Signed Rank Test” with Mean value p < 0,05. The research result was 29 respondents (73%) had good behavior, and there was an effect of health education about dental hygiene towards the parents’ behavior to care the pre-school children’s dental hygiene, (Willcoxon Signed Rank Test, p value 0.000 < 0.05, and then H0 was rejected). The conclusion was the health education in this research could changes the respondent’s’ behavior to care the pre-school children’s dental hygiene at present and in the future.
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Amin, Ulfat, Yasir Yousuf, Rabia Ismail, Rabia Khalil, Salma Ramzan, Iflah Rashid, and Aqeela Kausar. "Assessment of Hand Hygiene Compliance among Health Care Workers at selected Govt Hospital of Kashmir." Nursing Journal of India CXV, no. 03 (2024): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2024.cxv305.
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Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major contributor to death, morbidity, diminished quality of life, and growing healthcare expenditures. To protect patient health, it is crucial to reduce the risk of HAI by organising and putting into practice efficient preventative measures. The most important method of infection prevention generally agreed upon is hand cleanliness. Washing your hands can keep you healthy and stop the transmission of many respiratory and diarrheal illnesses. On any given day, 1 in 31 hospital patients develops an HAI while being treated. Hand hygiene is the simplest and effective method for the prevention of these. This study aimed to assess the hand-hygiene compliance among health care workers at GMC Anantnag and associated hospitals. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among HCWs and 313 opportunities were observed using WHO tool for hand hygiene according to WHO “5 moments of hand hygiene.” The sampling technique adopted for selection of sample was non-probability convenience sampling. Out of total 244 opportunities of nurses, 181 (74%) had non-hand hygienic actions while 63 (26%) had hand hygienic actions. Out of total 59 opportunities of doctors, 29 (49%) had non-hand hygienic actions while 30 (51%) had hand hygienic actions. Out of total 10 opportunities of nursing aides, 9 (90%) had non-hand hygienic actions while 1 (10%) had hygienic actions. The overall hand hygienic observed among health care workers as per WHO Guidelines was 30 percent only. Nurses had an adherence rate of 26 percent, doctors 51 percent and nursing aids had 10 percent only. The present study showed low levels of adherence to best hygiene practices with overall compliance of 30 percent revealing that there is need to implement immediate strategies for infection control at GMC Anantnag and associated hospital.
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Kuchma, Vladislav R., S. G. Safonkina, V. V. Moldovanov, and N. Yu Kuchma. "HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN MODERN SCHOOL MEDICINE." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 11 (March 27, 2019): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1024-1028.
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Hygiene of children and adolescents makes a significant contribution in solving the problems of health protection and promotion of the younger generation. However, its achievement is not fully used by such sectors as health, sanitary and epidemiological supervision and education. Objective to justify the place for hygiene of children and adolescents in the school health system. The work is expert-analytical. In accordance with the number of students in the country the number of doctors on hygiene of children and adolescents in the health care organization must exceed 8500 persons. The provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the students as medical activity includes: hygienic control of the educational conditions; hygienic control of educational tools; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions and management of nutrition in school; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to the conditions and organization of physical training in the educational organization; preventive measures; hygienic training; the formation of stereotypes of a healthy lifestyle. Technologies of the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of students in educational institutions include: the algorithm of visual and laboratory control over the compliance with sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions of the organization of education and training in educational institutions; the algorithm for the determination of the level of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the educational organization, hygienic assessment of the load training activities in students; control over the compliance with the sanitary-hygienic requirements to conditions and organization of lessons with the use of e-learning in educational institutions; algorithm of the interaction between physician on hygiene of children and adolescents in medical organization and Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare and other agencies for the protection of health of minors. The practical activity of the doctor on hygiene of children and adolescents is an important component of the medical support in educational institutions and sanitary-epidemiological well-being of children population in the country. Training students should be carried out with taking into account the specifics of the activity of the doctor on hygiene of children and adolescents in medical institutions for children and modern technologies for their practical activities in educational institutions.
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Agarwal, Aditi, Sudipti Arora, Saniya Chawla, Amanpreet Kaur, and Sonika Saxena. "Empowering rural women through sustainable menstrual hygiene practices for enhanced reproductive health." Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine 5 (December 18, 2024): 15. https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_20_2024.
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Objectives: To assess menstrual hygiene practices in Aandhi village, Rajasthan, and evaluate the impact of educational interventions on menstrual health. Material and Methods: A survey was conducted with 3290 males, 2994 females, and 242 senior citizens using structured questionnaires. Educational interventions promoting hygienic menstrual practices were implemented. Results: Findings revealed poor menstrual hygiene practices, with 75% disposing of products improperly. Post-intervention, there was a significant improvement in hygiene practices and awareness. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for better menstrual hygiene education, proper waste disposal systems, and access to sustainable menstrual products in rural India.
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Kaur*, Pavneet, R. K. Patil, Romi Bansal, and H. C. Patil. "A review of practices related to genital hygiene and its awareness in women." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2025): 366–69. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2021.074.
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Genital hygiene is a significant segment of women's reproductive health and the practices related to it vary worldwide depending on numerous factors. Improper hygiene of the genital area might incline the vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV) and other genital infections and morbidities. These infections can result in cervicitis, vaginitis, urethritis and trichomoniasis which have been related with serious pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, genital hygiene has a key role in preventing genital infections. But there is very little awareness about the correct and healthy hygienic practices among the adolescent girls and women. Access to correct and pragmatic information is an important prerequisite to hygienic practices. Women having better knowledge regarding genital hygiene are less vulnerable to genital infections and its consequences. The clinical pharmacist has a role to educate the females about correct hygiene practices and provide proper counseling to clear their myths, misconceptions and taboos related to menstruation.
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Makeeva, I. M., A. Yu Turkina, Zagidat Sirazhutdinovna Budaychieva, and E. G. Margaryan. "ORAL HYGIENE AND DENTAL HEALTH OF FIRST MOSCOW STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2017-21-6-337-339.
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In the prevention oforal diseases, dental hygienic status, proper oral hygiene, the proper choice ofmeans and methodsfor performing hygienic dental activities are essential. However, even among future doctors, the hygienic state of the oral cavity leaves much to be desired. Basic knowledge of oral hygiene and the principles ofprevention ofdental diseases are necessary for physicians of various specialties, since there is often a relationship between dental diseases and diseases of other organs and systems of the body. The article gives an assessment of the hygienic status of students of different courses and identifies the sources that they use to gain knowledge on oral care.
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Evans, Roger. "Home Hygiene and Health." Nursing Standard 29, no. 1 (September 3, 2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.1.32.s38.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Health and hygiene"
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Wythe, Helena Fleur. "Meeting food hygiene challenges in older people : mobilising health assets for health promotion." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2016. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25538/.
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Background: Listeriosis is a serious foodborne infection with significant rates of morbidity and mortality in the older population. The majority of food safety research has focused on food behaviour, practices and perceptions of 'risk'; isolating actions from their social and health context and historical significance. The alternative, positive and novel approach presented in this dissertation is to identify the accumulated resources, or health 'assets', that older people draw upon in daily life at home to protect themselves against foodborne illness informing future health promotion interventions. This research will also further the theoretical development of the 'asset model' and its contribution to health promotion theory and practice. Methods: There were three chronological phases to the study. Phase I: Sought to gather contextual information about the older people recruited in Phase II through the collection of socio-demographic, health and summary current food hygiene asset related data collected through a researcher completed questionnaire at i) five AgeUK lunch clubs ii) one County Council-run lunch club and iii) via a 'University of the Third Age' webpage advert across Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. Fifty respondents were recruited via self-selection (20 men, 30 women, mean age of 78.98 years (SD 8.82) mean Visual Analogue Scale of subjective health, 6.89 cm/10cm). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS. Phase II: Fifteen semi-structured interviews with older people selected via purposive sampling from the questionnaire cohort to seek their accounts of how food is acquired, stored and cooked and the historical events and influences that shaped these practices (7 men and 8 women, mean age 77.87 (SD 8.06) years, mean Visual Analogue Scale of subjective health, 6.62cm/10cm). Phase III: Three semi-structured interviews with sheltered housing staff in Buckinghamshire recruited via snow-ball sampling. Qualitative data were analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach with NVivo software. Results and Discussion: All of the data indicated that older people have a multiplicity of external food hygiene assets through which to acquire 'safe' and 'fresh' food. Differences in the frequency and type of external asset utilisation were identified between men and women and those reporting severe restrictions in activities of daily living recorded by the EQ5D Quality of Life tool from the questionnaire employed in Phase I. The qualitative data from Phases II and III indicated that food hygiene assets were contextdependent, many being accumulated through the life course and fulfilling non-food related purposes. A number of historically formed internal assets were also identified which served to either facilitate or hinder access to the external food hygiene assets. Members of the social network, specifically the family, were identified as being the principal food hygiene asset throughout the life course from all data sources, fulfilling the newly conceptualised role of 'foodcarers' in the lives of (older) people in a context-dependent manner. Conclusions: The cause of foodborne infections in the older population may be influenced by complex historical factors beyond specific food hygiene knowledge and practice. Current competing or allied concerns in daily life may also serve to motivate or demotivate the employment of 'safe' food hygiene practice. Strategies aimed to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness in the older population could be addressed by placing health promotion within the home setting through the mobilisation of the social network. The contextdependent nature of asset mobilisation has called in to question the validity of some sections of the asset model for use in negotiated small-scale health promotion initiatives and whether the model can serve as a coherent whole.
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Berger, Brittany. "Hand Hygiene Perceptions of Student Nurses." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/176.
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Compliance with hand hygiene is widely recognized as the most important factor in preventing transmission of infection to patients in healthcare settings (Haas and Larson, 2007). Hand hygiene dramatically decreases the potential pathogens on hands and is considered the first measure for decreasing the risk of transmitting organisms to patients, healthcare professionals, and family members. Noncompliance with hand hygiene practices has been shown to increase healthcare-associated infections, costing hospitals $35.7-$45 billion each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012). Education about hand hygiene starts in school and should transfer into the real world of nursing. The purpose of this research is to determine how student nurses in a baccalaureate nursing program in northeastern Tennessee perceive hand hygiene and the importance of conducting the act of hand washing. Students who do not perceive it as important, or do not have the correct information, are unlikely to use principles of good hand hygiene in their practice. Few studies were found assessing nursing school students’ perception of the importance of hand hygiene.
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Ubah, Veronica. "Re-educating Healthcare Providers on Hand Hygiene Practice." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10279506.
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<p> The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that there are approximately 1.4 million cases of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) at any given time worldwide. Recent reports indicate that 722,000 patients acquire HAIs, with 75,000 or more succumbing to the infections and dying. This quality improvement project focused on the value of re-educating practicing nurses on hand hygiene practices as an approach to reduce the incidence of HAIs. Pre-intervention rates of HAIs were compared with post-intervention rates of HAIs across 2 units (Unit A and Unit B) in an acute care setting to determine if re-educating nurses about hand hygiene was a plausible strategy in reducing HAIs in the acute care setting. The pre-intervention mean rate of Unit A was 0.146% and the post-mean rate was 0.00%. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the educational intervention did not elicit a statistically significant change in infection rates (z = -1.63, p > 0.05). Similarly, the pre-intervention mean rate of Unit B was 0.12% and the post-mean rate was 0.00%. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the educational intervention did not elicit a statistically significant change in infection rates (z = 1.732, p > 0.05). Despite the lack of statistical significance, there was a reduction in the mean rate to 0.00% following the educational intervention. The results of this quality improvement project suggest a value in re-educating nurses on the importance of hand hygiene as a strategy to reduce and prevent HAIs in health care organizations in order to promote positive patient outcomes. </p>
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Waterkeyn, Juliet Anne Virginia. "Cost-effective health promotion and hygiene behaviour change through community health clubs in Zimbabwe." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682348/.
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Although safe sanitation and hygiene is critical for improving family health, rural communities in Sub Saharan Africa have shown little inclination to change their traditional behaviour, and sanitation coverage has now dropped to 47% (Cairncross 2003). With the Millennium Development Goals seeking to halve the 2.4 billion people without sanitation by the year 2015, there is an urgent need to find cost-effective health promotion strategies that will actively engage rural householders in modifying risky hygiene behaviour. This thesis evaluates an approach, developed over the past ten years in Zimbabwe, in which Community Health Clubs have successfully galvanised rural communities into active behaviour change leading to a strong demand for sanitation. In Tsholotsho District, after six months of weekly hygiene promotion sessions, at the cost of US 35c per beneficiary, good health knowledge of nine different topics was 47% higher in the intervention than for the control, and latrine coverage rose to 43% contrasted to 2% in the control area, with the remaining 57% members without latrines practicing faecal burial, a method previously unknown (p>0.0001). Spot observations of 736 Health Club households in two districts was contrasted to 172 in a control group, and showed highly significant changes in 17 key hygiene practices (p>0.0001) including hand washing. The study demonstrates that if a strong community structure is developed and the norms of a community are altered by peer pressure from a cyclical to linear world view, hygiene behaviour change will ensue and a demand for sanitation can be created. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1954) is adapted to a rural context to analyse the qualitative data, providing some insight into the socio-cultural mechanisms at work. Despite adverse socio-economic conditions in Zimbabwe over the past five years, Health Clubs have flourished, providing a sustainable and cost-effective case study.
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Said, Dina. "Effect of Hand Hygiene Procedures on Skin Biomarkers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1146608923.
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Bunten, A. "The application of health psychology to public health." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20309/.
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Background: There is strong evidence linking obesity to health issues and long term conditions such as high blood pressure, type II diabetes, heart disease and some cancers (NICE, 2006). Despite this growing evidence base, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise and rates have more than doubled in England in the last 25 years (Public Health England, 2014). Currently 26% of adults are obese (Health Survey for England, 2014), and the proportion of women that are classified as overweight and obese has risen to 57% (Health Survey for England, 2014). Weight loss can reduce the risk of an individual developing these conditions and can increase their healthy life expectancy. It is estimated that approximately one in every two adults in England are actively trying to lose weight, the majority of which are over-weight or obese women (Piernas, Aveyard and Jebb, 2016). This indicates that over-weight and obese women are motivated to lose weight but are struggling to achieve or maintain a healthy weight. To-date potentially effective weight management interventions have been identified as long term multi-component interventions including diet and exercise components along with behavioural strategies. However, weight changes have been small and weight regain has been found to be very common (Loveman, Frampton, Shepherd, Picot, Cooper et al, 2011; Dombrowski, Knittle, Avenell, Araújo-Soare & Sniehotta, 2014). Despite the primary focus on weight loss being to improve health, research suggest that people’s prime motivation to lose weight is unrelated to health (Piernas, Aveyard and Jebb, 2016). Aim: This study aims to improve the understanding of the challenge of achieving and maintaining a healthy weight in overweight and obese young women. In particular, it aims to i) better understand the barriers and facilitators to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight as experienced by these young women, ii) further understand the relationships and influences of these factors, to iii) inform and develop a new theoretical framework in which to capture this social phenomena and societal challenge. Recruitment: This study recruited 14 female participants aged 18- 35 years, with a BMI over 30 (or 28 with co-morbidity), actively seeking support to lose weight. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling in two primary care practices in East London as part of the ‘Peer Support Weight Action Programme’ (SWAP). This was a Randomised Controlled Trial run by Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment fund. Design: The research is qualitative in design utilising in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews took place with women recruited to take part in a weight loss programme before commencing the intervention, and follow up interviews took place approximately six months after completion of the weight management programme. Grounded Theory Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results and Findings: An overarching theoretical framework is presented from the findings of the data analysis of the pre and post weight loss attempt interviews. A new ‘Emotion and Mindset’ model is presented to explain the challenge of achieving and maintaining a healthier weight in young women. It includes the core categories of sense of self, emotion and mindset, self-efficacy, and stress and conflicting priorities and has been theoretically framed around the concept of Finding the Health Enhancing Equilibrium - maintaining a positive sense of self whilst generating action to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. It describes the balancing act required between these key contributing elements to engage in positive health behaviour which contributes to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Recommendations: Based on the findings from this study, and supported by previous findings (Cochrane, 2008), weight management interventions targeting young women need to build in coping strategies to support individuals cognitively, behaviourally and emotionally. These should include building self-efficacy (NOO, 2011; Ashford, Edmunds, French, 2010), sense of self and re-aligning identity (West & Brown, 2013). Individuals need to be taught how to identify, address and re-orient dysfunctional thoughts, to identify potential stressors such as triggers and environmental cues to prevent relapse. Consideration needs to be given to weight loss maintenance and ongoing tailored support. Further research is needed to identify what type and method of support is most effective and for whom.
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Goss-Bottorff, Barbara. "Hand hygiene compliance in the emergency department| A project report." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527943.
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<p> The purpose of this project was to demonstrate whether a multifaceted quality improvement intervention program would improve hand hygiene compliance of healthcare providers (HCPs) in the Emergency Department (ED). A descriptive design with an observational approach was used with a convenience sample of ED healthcare personnel at a large, 500 bed community hospital. Seven hundred and fifty-eight hand hygiene compliance direct observations were collected during 3 time periods (baseline, pre-intervention and post-intervention observation periods). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze differences in hand hygiene compliance across the observation periods and by HCP job category. </p><p> The results indicated a statistically significant increase in hand hygiene compliance among all groups combined after a multifaceted intervention program was implemented. Efforts to change behavior, lifestyle and the environment must be varied and the target audience must be involved to be effective. This model can be applied to HCPs in other healthcare settings to improve compliance with hand hygiene, a fundamental infection prevention practice to prevent healthcare acquired infections.</p>
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Ubah, Veronica Ihuoma. "Re-educating Healthcare Providers on Hand Hygiene Practice." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3641.
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The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that there are approximately 1.4 million cases of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) at any given time worldwide. Recent reports indicate that 722,000 patients acquire HAIs, with 75,000 or more succumbing to the infections and dying. This quality improvement project focused on the value of re-educating practicing nurses on hand hygiene practices as an approach to reduce the incidence of HAIs. Pre-intervention rates of HAIs were compared with post-intervention rates of HAIs across 2 units (Unit A and Unit B) in an acute care setting to determine if re-educating nurses about hand hygiene was a plausible strategy in reducing HAIs in the acute care setting. The pre-intervention mean rate of Unit A was 0.146% and the post-mean rate was 0.00%. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the educational intervention did not elicit a statistically significant change in infection rates (z = -1.63, p > 0.05). Similarly, the pre-intervention mean rate of Unit B was 0.12% and the post-mean rate was 0.00%. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the educational intervention did not elicit a statistically significant change in infection rates (z = 1.732, p > 0.05). Despite the lack of statistical significance, there was a reduction in the mean rate to 0.00% following the educational intervention. The results of this quality improvement project suggest a value in re-educating nurses on the importance of hand hygiene as a strategy to reduce and prevent HAIs in health care organizations in order to promote positive patient outcomes.
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Delport, S. V. "Health and health care of the preschool child in Hout Bay." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27215.
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At present not enough is known about the health of preschool children in the poorer communities of Cape Town. This study, was undertaken to assess the health and health care of preschool children in one such community: that of the Hout Bay harbour township. A clinic and community-based surveillance programme was devised to make this assessment. Data were obtained by monitoring the records at the Community Health Centre in the township. A study sample of 214 children from the community was also selected by random stratified cluster sampling. This sample was assessed by means of a questionnaire and a full physical examination. Analysis of data was performed on the IBM main-frame computer. A large number of medical problems were identified on screening the community sample. Most of these problems were minor ones and could be managed appropriately at the Health Centre. On the basis of the referral patterns and the small number of newly diagnosed functionally important health problems, the provision of health care in-the area was considered to be adequate. The high immunisation rate in the preschool children and the excellent attendance figures at the child health clinics indicates that the services provided are well utilised by the population. Dental caries was found to be a major health problem in the area. A strong case for the introduction of a dental health educational programme and for the fluoridisation of drinking water can made on the basis of these findings. An ongoing health screening programme would be beneficial. It could be accomplished by utilising appropriately trained nursing personnel.
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Sprague, Daniel Alexander. "Modelling health behaviour." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77458/.
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Many diseases can be prevented or mitigated through behaviour change, but we lack a quantitative model that can accurately predict these changes and inform policies designed to promote them. Here we introduce a quantitative model of health behaviour that takes into account individual-level barriers, the health system, and spread between individuals. We investigate limits of the model where each of these determining factors is dominant, and use them to predict behaviour from data. We apply the model to individual-level geographic barriers to mothers giving birth in a health facility, and find evidence that ease-of-access is a major determinant of delivery location. The geographic barriers allow us to explain the observed spatial distribution of this behaviour, and to accurately predict low prevalence regions. We then apply the model to the role of the health system in determining health facility usage by mothers of sick children. We show that local health facility quality does predict usage, but that this predictive power is significantly less than that gained by including unaccounted-for spatial correlation such as social influence. We also show evidence that results-based funding, rather than traditional input-based funding, increases usage. We develop a psychologically-motivated ‘complex contagion’ model for social influence and incorporate it into a general model of behaviour spread. We apply this model to short-lived behavioural fads, and show that ‘nudges’ can be very effective in systems with social influence. We successfully fit the model to data for the online spread of real-world behaviour, and use it to predict the peak time and duration of a fad before the peak occurred. Finally, we discuss ways to incorporate disease state into the model, and to relax the limits used in the rest of the thesis. We consider a model which links health behaviour to disease, and show that complex contagion leads to a feature that is not present in traditional models of disease: the survival of an epidemic depends non-trivially on the initial fraction of the population that is infected. We then introduce two possible models that include both social influence and an inhomogeneous population, and discuss the type of data that might be required to use them predictively. The model introduced here can be used to understand and predict health behaviours, and we therefore believe that it provides a valuable tool for informing policies to combat disease.
Bücher zum Thema "Health and hygiene"
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Baldwin, Dorothy. Health and hygiene. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Enterprises, 1987.
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Baldwin, Dorothy. Health and hygiene. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Enterprises, 1987.
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Andrew, Aloof, ed. Health and hygiene. London: F. Watts, 1988.
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Nardo, Don. Hygiene. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1993.
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Denshire, Jayne. Hygiene. Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2011.
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W, Stout G., ed. Health, hygiene and safety. London: Murray, 1988.
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Stranks, Jeremy W. Occupational health and hygiene. London: Pitman, 1995.
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Powell, Jillian. Hygiene and your health. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1998.
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Powell, Jillian. Hygiene and your health. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Health and hygiene"
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Laverack, Glenn. "Hygiene." In A–Z of Public Health, 89–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42617-8_36.
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Soper, Roland. "Health and Hygiene." In Human Biology GCSE, 231–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12789-4_15.
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Dines, Philip L. "Sleep Hygiene." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 1219–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_407.
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Hullah, Esther A., Maud E. Nauta, and Wai Yoong. "Oral Hygiene." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 1157–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_563.
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Laverack, Glenn. "Hygiene Promotion." In A–Z of Health Promotion, 97–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-35049-7_36.
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Basler, A. "Environment and Health." In Environmental Hygiene II, 259–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46712-7_58.
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Mattson, Jennifer M. Gillis, Matthew Roth, and Melina Sevlever. "Personal Hygiene." In Evidence-Based Practices in Behavioral Health, 43–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27297-9_3.
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Moore, Tracye A. "Teledentisry and Dental Hygiene." In Health Informatics, 53–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08973-7_6.
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Bashford, Alison. "Sex: Public Health, Social Hygiene and Eugenics." In Imperial Hygiene, 164–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508187_8.
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Alston, Frances E., and Emily J. Millikin. "Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace." In Industrial Hygiene, 1–12. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032645902-1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Health and hygiene"
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Raman, Ramakrishnan, Vikram Kumar, Sanjay C. P, Dhaval Rabadiya, Shailesh Rastogi, and Neelesh Kumbhojkar. "Advancing Tomato Leaf Hygiene with Machine Learning for Enhanced Plant Health and Productivity." In 2025 International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (IITCEE), 1–6. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iitcee64140.2025.10915494.
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Ulitovskiy, Sergey Borisovich, and Olga Vladimirovna Kalinina. "INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT METHODS AND MEANS OF ORAL HYGIENE ON DENTAL HEALTH IN THE POPULATION." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign intemational scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Medical sciences . Part 2. Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. June 2023. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230629.2023.33.95.046.
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Dental education plays a significant role in the formation of dental health in the adult population. Dynamic monitoring of the level of dental hygiene knowledge determines the means and methods of individual oral hygiene affecting the hygienic and periodontological status of the population.
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Ciufudean, Calin, and Corneliu Buzduga. "Portable System for Health Hygiene Monitoring." In 2023 International Conference on Control, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics & Optimization (ICCAIRO). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccairo58903.2023.00028.
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Paltsev, Yu P., and L. V. Pokhodzey. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LASER HYGIENE." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-381-384.
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Annotation. The widespread introduction of laser products in various fields of science, technology and medicine, as well as the possibility of serious damage to the organ of vision and skin during their operation, put forward new and increasingly complex tasks for laser hygiene. An analysis of the hygienic normative and methodological documents currently in force on the territory of the Russian Federation showed that they cannot fully ensure laser safety. Differences in the approaches to the hygienic standardization of laser radiation (LR), adopted in the Russian Federation and the USA and the European Union, have been established. The LR hygienic standards in GOST R IEC 60825-1-2013 are practically identical to foreign IEC 60825 standards, that is, in most spectral ranges they exceed the MPL by an order of magnitude or more (SanPiN 1.2.3685-21). The necessity of correcting the hygienic standards of LR, harmonizing the classification of lasers according to the degree of hazard, and developing effective means of control and protection was revealed. Draft documents have been developed: "Hygienic standards for laser radiation" and "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for working conditions during the operation of laser products", the introduction of which into the practice of sanitary and epidemiological supervision will ensure the preservation of the health of workers. Key words: lasers, correction of hygienic standards, classification, methods and means of control and protection, laser safety.
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Cowin, P. "124. Industrial Hygiene Career Development Program." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764784.
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Ulitovskiy, Sergey Borisovich, Olga Vladimirovna Kalinina, Elena Sergeevna Soloveva, and Lidiya Igorevna Pankrateva. "SURVIVAL OF PREVENTIVE KNOWLEDGE AS A FACTOR OF DENTAL HEALTH IN THE POPULATION." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference « Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). Мау 2023. - Caracas (Venezuela). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230527.2023.95.36.014.
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Today, the leading task of primary prevention is hygienic training and education of the adult population to improve their dental health. A high level of survival of preventive knowledge correlates with the level of oral hygiene, reducing the prevalence of dental caries in various population groups.
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Umami, Afriza, Bhisma Murti, Tegar Wahyu Yudha Pratama, Istiqlal Fithri, and Dede Nasrullah. "Factors Related to Genital Hygiene Behavior Among Female Underwent Treatment at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.27.
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ABSTRACT Background: Maintaining genital cleanliness is very important for women because intimate organ problems can cause female tract infections. This study aimed to find out the factors associated with genital hygiene behavior in women. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in female underwent treatment at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, Indonesia, from December 2017 to February 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 178 participants, who consisted of 56 cases and 122 controls. The dependent variable was genital hygiene behavior. The independent variables were stress, exposure to social media regarding genital hygiene, environmental sanitation, husband’s education, and support. Logistic regression was employed for data analysis. Results: Genital hygiene behavior increased with exposure to social media related to genital hygiene (OR= 9.20; 95% CI= 3.87 to 21.87, p<0.001), good environmental sanitation (OR= 5.16; 95% CI= 2.19 to 12.14, p<0.001), high husband’s education (OR= 6.49; 95% CI= 2.23 to 18.91, p=0.001) and support (OR= 2.88; 95% CI= 1.24 to 6.67, p=0.013). While women who experienced psychological problems such as stress decreased genital hygiene behavior (OR= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.94 to 0.71, p=0.009). Conclusions: Genital hygiene behavior in women increases with exposure to social media related to genital hygiene, adequate environmental sanitation, high husbands’ income, and support. In contrast, stress decreases women’s behavior in practicing genital hygiene. Keywords: Genital hygiene behavior, social media, environmental sanitation, stress, husband’s education, and support. Corresponding author: Afriza Umami, MPH. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Dóm tér 10 H-6720, Hungary. E-mail: umami.afriza@med.u-szeged.hu DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.27
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Pihahey, Priscilla Jessica, Bhisma Murti, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "Personal Hygiene and the Risk of Leprosy: A Meta-Analysis from Case Control Study." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.53.
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ABSTRACT Background: Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) which is transmitted through nasal and oral fluids. The incubation period for M. leprae ranging from 3 years to 20 years. The impact of leprosy is a disability that reduces the quality of life. Social contact to patients can increase the risk of leprosy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal hygienic and the risk of leprosy. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review on the Leprosy determinants. This study was conducted by search published articles from PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, Spinger Link, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Embase, LILACS, Embase, Emerald, PLOS, and Indonesian National Library (Perpusnas) electronic databases. “leprosy OR hansen desease AND risk factor AND Personal hygiene OR sanitation AND odds ratio” keywords were inserted to find related articles. The inclusion criteria were full text, open access article, published from 1949 to 2020, using Indonesian or English language, case control study, and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were analyzed using PRISMA flow chart and Revman 5.3. Results: 4 articles were met the criteria. A sample of 297 cases and 297 controls was selected for this study. This study reported that poor personal hygiene increased the risk of Leprosy 3.52 times (aOR= 3.52; 95%CI= 2.30 to 5.40; p<0.001). Conclusion: Poor personal hygiene increases the risk of Leprosy. Keywords: personal hygiene, Leprosy, meta-analysis Correspondence: Priscilla Jessica Pihaheys. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: pihaheypriscilla@gmail.com. Mobile: 08114852336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.53
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Paik, N. "37. Practice of Industrial Hygiene in Korea." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765058.
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Nawakowski, A. "250. Industrial Hygiene Initiatives in Eastern Europe." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764919.
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Brandt, M., J. Jackson, C. Sutcliffe, O. White, E. Premuzic, S. Morris, M. Haxhiu, A. Abazi, M. Jockic, and B. Jonuzi. Kosova coal gasification plant health effects study: Volume 2, Industrial hygiene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5697865.
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Barasa, Violet, and Linda Waldman. Exploring the Intersection of Sanitation, Hygiene, Water, and Health in Pastoralist Communities in Northern Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.004.
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This paper explores access to water, sanitation, and health in pastoral communities in northern Tanzania. It argues that the concept of gender, used on its own, is not enough to understand the complexities of sanitation, hygiene, water, and health. It explores pastoralists’ views and perspectives on what is ‘clean’, ‘safe’, and ‘healthy’, and their need to access water and create sanitary arrangements that work for them, given the absence of state provision of modern water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. Although Tanzania is committed to enhancing its citizens’ access to WASH services, pastoral sanitation and hygiene tend to be overlooked and little attention is paid to complex ways in which access to ‘clean’ water and ‘adequate sanitation’ is structured in these communities. This paper offers an intersectional analysis of water and sanitation needs, showing how structural discrimination in the form of a lack of appropriate infrastructure, a range of sociocultural norms and values, and individual stratifiers interact to influence the sanitation and health needs of pastoralist men, women, boys, and girls.
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Boyer, Renee. Enhancing The Safety of Locally Grown Produce: Farm Worker Hygiene, Health and Training. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-40np_fst-337np.
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Ciapponi, Agustín, and Sebastián García Martí. Are interventions to increase hand hygiene among healthcare workers effective? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1608107.
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Healthcare-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and constitute a significant burden on health systems. Hand hygiene is regarded as an effective preventive measure but the frequency of hand hygiene by healthcare workers is low.
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OLUWASANYA, Grace, Ayodetimi OMONIYI, Duminda PERERA, Manzoor QADIR, and Kaveh MADANI. Unmasking the Unseen: The Gendered Impacts of Water Quality, Sanitation and Hygiene. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU INWEH), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/inr24gar011.
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This report investigated the interplay between water quality, sanitation, hygiene and gender by examining distinct variables of water quality and their varying impacts on gender like reported water-related illnesses of males and females, and the consequences of water quality, sanitation, and hygiene on menstrual hygiene practices, particularly focusing on a low- and middle-income country- LMICs. This report presents the key findings, outlining a framework and guidance for examining gender-specific impacts stemming from poor water quality and WASH practices through a piloted case study in Abeokuta City, Nigeria, to serve as a preliminary guide for conducting comprehensive, site-specific assessments. The piloted Differential Impacts Assessment, DIA framework is a 5-step approach, guiding the evaluation of gendered impacts from method design to the field activities, which include water sampling and laboratory analysis, public survey, and health data collection, to the data and gender analysis. The focus on low- and middle-income countries underscores the importance of DIA in such regions for better health and socioeconomic outcomes, promoting inclusive development. The study results reveal unsettling, largely unseen gender disparities in exposure to health-related risks associated with non-utility water sources and highlight pronounced differences in water source preferences and utilization, the burden of water sourcing and collection, and health- and hygiene-related practices. Specifically, this preliminary assessment indicates an alarming inadequacy in accessing WASH services within the pilot study area, raising considerable doubts about achieving SDG 6 by 2030. While this finding is worrying, this report also discusses the lack of a standardized protocol for monitoring water-related impacts utilizing sex-disaggregated data, shedding light on the unseen global-scale gendered impacts. The report warns about the water safety of non-utility water sources. Without point-of-use treatment and water safety protocols, the water sources are unsuitable for potable uses, potentially posing compounded health risks associated with microbial contaminations and high calcium content, particularly affecting boys. Girls are likely the most affected by the repercussions of water collection, including time constraints, health implications, and safety concerns. Men and boys face a higher risk related to poor hygiene, while women may be more susceptible to health effects stemming from toilet cleaning responsibilities and shared sanitation facilities. Despite the preference for disposable sanitary pads among most women and girls, women maintain better menstrual hygiene practices than girls. This age-specific disparity highlights potential substantial health risks for girls in the near and distant future. Enhancing women's economic status could improve access to superior healthcare services and significantly elevate household well-being. The report calls for targeted actions, including urgent planning and implementation of robust water safety protocols for non-utility self-supply systems and mainstreaming gender concerns and needs as the “6th” accelerator for SDG 6. The piloted methodology is scalable and serves as an introductory guide that can be further refined to explore and track site-specific differential health and socioeconomic effects of inadequate water quality, especially in locales similar to the study area. The report targets policymakers and donor organizations advocating for sustainable water resource development, public health, human rights, and those promoting gender equality globally
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Ulep, Valerie Gilbert, Jann Trizia Talamayan, Lyle Daryll Casas, Jon Michael Villaseñor, and Elmira Bacatan. The Last-Mile Challenge: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, November 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.19.
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Over the years, the Philippines has made progress in improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Despite this progress and sustained economic growth, waterborne diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalization, particularly among the poorer segments of the population. Furthermore, much still needs to be done to achieve universal coverage of safely managed WASH services across all settings—schools, child development centers, health facilities, and households. These disparities contribute to a substantial disease burden that drives poor health and nutrition outcomes. Using various secondary data sources, this paper delves into the current state of WASH in the Philippines, including its link to nutrition. This paper explores the disease burden associated with WASH, the current conditions of WASH in the Philippines pertaining to both demand and supply factors, and the governance challenges hindering the achievement of universal WASH coverage. Significant disparities in access to WASH persist, particularly among the poorest households in the most disadvantaged areas. The last mile challenge in WASH is particularly evident in the poorest regions, where even basic water and sanitation services are lacking. This highlights the need to improve services for vulnerable populations. Bridging these gaps through streamlined governance, efficient resource allocation, and targeted local interventions in underserved areas is vital to achieving universal and equitable access to safe water and sanitation.
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Woolley, Julian, Tatjana Gibbons, Kajal Patel, and Roberto Sacco. Does oil pulling with coconut oil improve oral health and dental hygiene? A protocol of a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.6.0084.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.
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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.025.
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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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Palmer, Jennifer, and Diane Duclos. Key Considerations: Community-Based Surveillance in Public Health. Institute of Development Studies, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.010.
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Recent large-scale epidemics and pandemics have demonstrated the importance of engaging communities as partners in preventing, detecting and responding to public health emergencies. Community-based surveillance (CBS), which relies on communities to report public health information, can be an important part of effective, inclusive and accountable responses to humanitarian and public health emergencies, as well as long-term disease control. This brief offers key considerations for CBS programming to guide policymakers, public health officials, civil society organisations, health workers, researchers, advocates, and others interested in health surveillance. It is based on a rapid review of CBS guidance and social science literature. It was written by Jennifer Palmer and Diane Duclos (both London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LSHTM) with contributions by Mariam Sharif (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, EHESS). It was reviewed by Ruwan Ratnayake (LSHTM), Maysoon Dahab (LSHTM) and Luisa Enria (LSHTM). This brief is the responsibility of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP).