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Thematische Bibliographien / Herbivory attack / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Herbivory attack“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 20. Februar 2023

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de Bobadilla, Maite Fernández, Roel Van Wiechen, Gerrit Gort, and Erik H. Poelman. "Plasticity in induced resistance to sequential attack by multiple herbivores in Brassica nigra." Oecologia 198, no. 1 (October 13, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05043-1.

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AbstractIn nature, plants interact with multiple insect herbivores that may arrive simultaneously or sequentially. There is extensive knowledge on how plants defend themselves against single or dual attack. However, we lack information on how plants defend against the attack of multiple herbivores that arrive sequentially. In this study, we investigated whether Brassica nigra L. plants are able to defend themselves against caterpillars of the late-arriving herbivore Plutella xylostella L., when plants had been previously exposed to sequential attack by four other herbivores (P. xylostella, Ath

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SCHMIDT, GEROLD, and GERHARD ZOTZ. "Herbivory in the epiphyte, Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal (Bromeliaceae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, no. 6 (November 2000): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001747.

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Although herbivory in ground-rooted flora is well documented, current knowledge of the herbivore pressure on vascular epiphytes remains mostly anecdotal. Here, we present the results of a 3-year study on the herbivory in a population of the epiphytic bromeliad Vriesea sanguinolenta. In different years, 26–61% of all epiphytes showed traces of herbivore attack, while up to 4.4% of the entire leaf area of the epiphyte population was consumed annually. The recorded levels of damage to photosynthetic tissue, mostly caused by the larvae of Napaea eucharilla (Riodinidae, Lepidoptera), indicate that

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Bont, Zoe, Marc Pfander, Christelle A. M. Robert, Meret Huber, Erik H. Poelman, Ciska E. Raaijmakers, and Matthias Erb. "Adapted dandelions trade dispersal for germination upon root herbivore attack." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1921 (February 26, 2020): 20192930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2930.

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A plant's offspring may escape unfavourable local conditions through seed dispersal. Whether plants use this strategy to escape insect herbivores is not well understood. Here, we explore how different dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale agg.) populations, including diploid outcrossers and triploid apomicts, modify seed dispersal in response to root herbivore attack by their main root-feeding natural enemy, the larvae of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha. In a manipulative field experiment, root herbivore attack increased seed dispersal potential through a reduction in seed weight in pop

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Kliebenstein, Daniel, Deana Pedersen, Bridget Barker, and Thomas Mitchell-Olds. "Comparative Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Glucosinolates, Myrosinase and Insect Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genetics 161, no. 1 (May 1, 2002): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/161.1.325.

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Abstract Evolutionary interactions among insect herbivores and plant chemical defenses have generated systems where plant compounds have opposing fitness consequences for host plants, depending on attack by various insect herbivores. This interplay complicates understanding of fitness costs and benefits of plant chemical defenses. We are studying the role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase chemical defense system in protecting Arabidopsis thaliana from specialist and generalist insect herbivory. We used two Arabidopsis recombinant inbred populations in which we had previously mapped QTL controlli

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Campos, Wellington G., Ana P. Faria, Maria Goreti A. Oliveira, and Hérica L. Santos. "Induced response against herbivory by chemical information transfer between plants." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 20, no. 4 (December 2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202008000400001.

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Plants respond to herbivores and pathogens attack with increased emission of volatile organic compounds. These molecules act as indirect defences when attracting natural enemies of herbivores and thus benefit the plant. It remains controversial whether undamaged plants capture chemicals released by damaged neighbouring plants and respond to them by increasing their defensive barriers against an imminent attack. In spite of public appeal and of this being the 25th year of the Talking Trees Hypothesis, only recently have the most sceptical scientists been convinced. The induced response to herbi

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Bebber, Dan, Nick Brown, and Martin Speight. "Drought and root herbivory in understorey Parashorea Kurz (Dipterocarpaceae) seedlings in Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 5 (August 21, 2002): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002511.

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The influence of herbivory on dipterocarp seedling growth and survival in Bornean primary lowland forest understorey during and after the 1997–8 El Niño-Southern Oscillation was investigated. During the drought, a coleopteran (Scolytidae) root borer attacked dipterocarp seedlings, primarily of the genus Parashorea. Infestation was spatially heterogeneous on a large (c. 100 m) scale. Attack rate decreased with plant vigour within infested areas. Experiments showed that root damage was fatal under drought conditions, but not after rain. Defoliation and apical meristem removal did not increase mo

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Rusman, Quint, Peter N. Karssemeijer, Dani Lucas-Barbosa, and Erik H. Poelman. "Settling on leaves or flowers: herbivore feeding site determines the outcome of indirect interactions between herbivores and pollinators." Oecologia 191, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04539-1.

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Abstract Herbivore attack can alter plant interactions with pollinators, ranging from reduced to enhanced pollinator visitation. The direction and strength of effects of herbivory on pollinator visitation could be contingent on the type of plant tissue or organ attacked by herbivores, but this has seldom been tested experimentally. We investigated the effect of variation in feeding site of herbivorous insects on the visitation by insect pollinators on flowering Brassica nigra plants. We placed herbivores on either leaves or flowers, and recorded the responses of two pollinator species when vis

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Castro, Jorge. "Postfire Burnt-Wood Management Affects Plant Damage by Ungulate Herbivores." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/965461.

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I analyze the effect of post-fire burnt wood management on herbivore attack on a woody plant species (Ulex parviflorus). Two experimental plots of ca. 20 hectares were established at two elevations in a burnt area in a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain). Three replicates of three treatments differing in post-fire burnt wood management were established per plot: “no intervention” (NI, all trees remained standing), “partial cut plus lopping” (PCL, felling the trees, cutting the main branches, and leaving all the biomassin situ), and “salvage logging” (SL; removal of logs and eliminati

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García-Guzmán, Graciela, and Julieta Benítez-Malvido. "Effect of litter on the incidence of leaf-fungal pathogens and herbivory in seedlings of the tropical tree Nectandra ambigens." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 2 (February 6, 2003): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003195.

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Effects of litter cover on insect herbivory, leaf-fungal damage, and seedling performance (survival, growth in height and leaf number), were assessed on established Nectandra ambigens seedlings in three sites of a Mexican tropical rain forest. Naturally occurring seedlings were measured for height, leaf number and standing levels of leaf damage by herbivores and pathogens. Thereafter, seedlings were exposed for 1 y to three litter treatments: (1) litter addition, (2) control and (3) continuous litter removal. There was a significant effect of site on the proportion of surviving seedlings and o

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Lawrence, Susan D., Nicole G. Novak, Chelsea J. T. Ju, and Janice E. K. Cooke. "Examining the molecular interaction between potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata." Botany 86, no. 9 (September 2008): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-074.

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Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is a devastating herbivorous pest of solanaceous plants. Despite the economic impact, little is known about the molecular interaction of CPB with these plants. Using an 11 421 expressed sequence tag (EST) potato microarray, we identified 320 genes differentially expressed in potato leaves in response to CPB herbivory. Amongst these were genes putatively encoding proteinase inhibitors along with enzymes of terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways, suggesting the defensive chemistries that constitute potato’s defense against CPB herbivory. Sever

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Cooper-Driver, Gillian. "Anti-predation strategies in pteridophytes—a biochemical approach." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000008381.

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SynopsisSince they first evolved, pteridophytes have been subjected to attack by micro-organisms and arthropods. Present-day ferns are associated with a complex array of, not only phytophagous, scavenging, predatory and parasitic arthropod species but also fungi, bacteria, viruses and herbivorous mammals.Recent research has tended to stress the importance of secondary plant chemistry in deterring feeding by herbivores and attack by pathogens. Although ferns have a more limited chemical repertoire than the angiosperms, many of the classes of secondary compounds isolated from ferns have been sho

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Malé, Pierre-Jean G., Kyle M. Turner, Manjima Doha, Ina Anreiter, Aaron M. Allen, Marla B. Sokolowski, and Megan E. Frederickson. "An ant–plant mutualism through the lens of cGMP-dependent kinase genes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1862 (September 13, 2017): 20170896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0896.

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In plant–animal mutualisms, how an animal forages often determines how much benefit its plant partner receives. In many animals, foraging behaviour changes in response to foraging gene expression or activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) that foraging encodes. Here, we show that this highly conserved molecular mechanism affects the outcome of a plant–animal mutualism. We studied the two PKG genes of Allomerus octoarticulatus, an Amazonian ant that defends the ant–plant Cordia nodosa against herbivores. Some ant colonies are better ‘bodyguards’ than others. Working in the field i

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Faraone, Nicoletta, and N. Kirk Hillier. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Granite Rock Dust Product for Pest Herbivore Management in Field Conditions." Insects 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11120877.

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The effects of granite rock dust in dry and aqueous formulations were evaluated under field conditions for control of insect pests in different crop systems and ornamental plants. We tested efficacy of crop protection following foliar applications on lily, squash, and cabbage plants by evaluating subsequent pest damage, overall plant health, and quantity of crops produced over one season. Lily plants treated with dry and aqueous formulations of rock dust were subject to lower herbivore damage (>1% and 11% herbivory damage, respectively) when compared to the controls (30% herbivory damage).

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Norghauer, Julian M., Jay R. Malcolm, and Barbara L. Zimmerman. "Juvenile mortality and attacks by a specialist herbivore increase with conspecific adult basal area of Amazonian Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 4 (July 2006): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003257.

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According to the Janzen–Connell model, host-specific natural enemies can promote species coexistence of canopy trees in tropical forests by attacking progeny where they are most concentrated. However, empirical evidence relating negative density-dependent mortality to herbivory and, in particular, attack by specialist herbivores, remains rare. We investigated density dependence in a natural population of Swietenia macrophylla in a south-eastern Amazon forest of Brazil. Across 24 adult trees, we found that initial juvenile densities were positively correlated with basal area of adult conspecifi

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Dávila-Lara, Alberto, Asifur Rahman-Soad, Michael Reichelt, and Axel Mithöfer. "Carnivorous Nepenthes x ventrata plants use a naphthoquinone as phytoanticipin against herbivory." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 22, 2021): e0258235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258235.

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Carnivorous plants feed on animal prey, mainly insects, to get additional nutrients. This carnivorous syndrome is widely investigated and reported. In contrast, reports on herbivores feeding on carnivorous plants and related defenses of the plants under attack are rare. Here, we studied the interaction of a pitcher plant, Nepenthes x ventrata, with a generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis, using a combination of LC/MS-based chemical analytics, choice and feeding assays. Chemical defenses in N. x ventrata leaves were analyzed upon S. littoralis feeding. A naphthoquinone, plumb

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Lee Díaz, Ana Shein, Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin, Hans Zweers, Jos M. Raaijmakers, and Paolina Garbeva. "Exploring the Volatiles Released from Roots of Wild and Domesticated Tomato Plants under Insect Attack." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051612.

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Plants produce volatile organic compounds that are important in communication and defense. While studies have largely focused on volatiles emitted from aboveground plant parts upon exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses, volatile emissions from roots upon aboveground stress are less studied. Here, we investigated if tomato plants under insect herbivore attack exhibited a different root volatilome than non-stressed plants, and whether this was influenced by the plant’s genetic background. To this end, we analyzed one domesticated and one wild tomato species, i.e., Solanum lycopersicum cv Moneym

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Silva, Nathália Thaís Cavalcante da, Maria Aline Soares da Silva, Alissandra Trajano Nunes, and Hiram Marinho Falcão. "Effect of herbivory by goats on primary and secondary metabolism of Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) in a semi-arid environment in Brazilian Northeast." Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24221/jeap.5.3.2020.3446.337-345.

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The relationship between herbivores and plants has important ecological implications for both organisms and directly affects the plant’s physiological responses, which need to invest in structures and secondary metabolites to overcome the damages. This study aimed to evaluate functional attributes related to the primary and secondary metabolism of Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) submitted to herbivory by goats. Five individuals of C. nucifera were selected in two areas, one with and one without goats. The carbohydrate content, specific leaf mass, and phytochemical screening were obtained, evalua

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Witwicka, Alicja, Danuta Frydryszak, Andrzej Antoł, and Marcin Czarnoleski. "Effects of habitat, leaf damage and leaf rolling on the predation risk of caterpillars in the tropical rain forest of Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, no. 5 (July 11, 2019): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000191.

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AbstractAddressing what affects predation among caterpillars, we conducted an experiment in a Bornean rain forest on 212 clay models of Tortricidae caterpillars (the herbivore) and 53 trees of Kopsia pauciflora (the host), located either in the open or under closed canopies. We predicted that the frequency of predatory attacks towards caterpillars increases (1) in canopy gaps and (2) on leaves damaged by herbivory, but (3) decreases among caterpillars that wrap their body in leaves. Each plant with caterpillar models was consecutively allocated to one of four treatments: caterpillars artificia

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Farnsworth, Elizabeth J., and Aaron M. Ellison. "Dynamics of herbivory in Belizean mangal." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 4 (November 1993): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007501.

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ABSTRACTWe report long-term observations on leaf herbivory in the mangroves Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans, on the Placencia Peninsula of Belize. We labelled and traced leaves and recorded the amount of damage appearing over a period of 310 days. Herbivores had damaged 1–4% of total mean leaf area within the first 10 days, but damage rates levelled off thereafter, to a final total of 4–10% damage. Herbivores did not concentrate on leaves of younger age classes. Rhizophora mangle growing in the high tidal zone (HHW) exhibited the highest initial and total attack rates at all but the

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Blatt, S. E., R. C. Smallegange, L. Hess, J. A. Harvey, M. Dicke, and J. J. A. van Loon. "Tolerance of Brassica nigra to Pieris brassicae herbivory." Botany 86, no. 6 (June 2008): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-040.

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Black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, is a wild annual species found throughout Europe and fed on by larvae of the large cabbage-white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. We examined the impact of herbivory from P. brassicae, a gregarious herbivore, on B. nigra grown from wild seed collected locally. In greenhouse studies, the response of B. nigra to four herbivore densities in two developmental stages of the plant was quantified by measuring leaf damage, plant height, days to flowering, silique number, and seed production. Pieris brassicae readily attacked B. nigra leaves, although the timing o

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Bacht, Michael, Mika T. Tarkka, Iván Fernández López, Markus Bönn, Roland Brandl, François Buscot, Lasse Feldhahn, Thorsten E. E. Grams, Sylvie Herrmann, and Martin Schädler. "Tree Response to Herbivory Is Affected by Endogenous Rhythmic Growth and Attenuated by Cotreatment With a Mycorrhizal Fungus." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-18-0290-r.

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Herbivores and mycorrhizal fungi interactively influence growth, resource utilization, and plant defense responses. We studied these interactions in a tritrophic system comprising Quercus robur, the herbivore Lymantria dispar, and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum under controlled laboratory conditions at the levels of gene expression and carbon and nitrogen (C/N) allocation. Taking advantage of the endogenous rhythmic growth displayed by oak, we thereby compared gene transcript abundances and resource shifts during shoot growth with those during the alternating root growth flushes.

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Murata, Mika, Kotaro Konno, Naoya Wasano, Atsushi Mochizuki, and Ichiro Mitsuhara. "Expression of a gene for an MLX56 defense protein derived from mulberry latex confers strong resistance against a broad range of insect pests on transgenic tomato lines." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): e0239958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239958.

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Insect pests cause serious damage in crop production, and various attempts have been made to produce insect-resistant crops, including the expression of genes for proteins with anti-herbivory activity, such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxins. However, the number of available genes with sufficient anti-herbivory activity is limited. MLX56 is an anti-herbivory protein isolated from the latex of mulberry plants, and has been shown to have strong growth-suppressing activity against the larvae of a variety of lepidopteran species. As a model of herbivore-resistant plants, we produced transgenic

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Engelberth, Jurgen, and Marie Engelberth. "The Costs of Green Leaf Volatile-Induced Defense Priming: Temporal Diversity in Growth Responses to Mechanical Wounding and Insect Herbivory." Plants 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8010023.

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Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) have long been associated with plant defense responses against insect herbivory. Although some of their biological activities appear to directly affect the attacking herbivore, one of the major functions of GLVs seems to be the priming of these defense responses. This priming is generally considered to impose low costs on the plant should no direct attack happen. Here, we demonstrate that priming of maize seedlings with GLVs is costly for the plants as it results in significantly reduced growth. We further demonstrate that priming very selectively affects growth res

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Costa, Fernanda Vieira da, Antônio César Medeiros de Queiroz, Maria Luiza Bicalho Maia, Ronaldo Reis Júnior, and Marcílio Fagundes. "Resource allocation in Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae): how a supra-annual fruiting affects plant traits and herbivory?" Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.18586.

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<p>Plants have limited resources to invest in reproduction, vegetative growth and defence against herbivorous. Trade-off in resources allocation promotes changes in plant traits that may affect higher trophic levels. The trade-off between vegetative growth and defence, and their indirect effects on herbivory in <em>Copaifera langsdorffii </em>was evaluated during two consecutive years of high and low reproductive investment of host plant. We asked: (i) does the resource investment on reproduction causes a depletion in vegetative growth as predicted by CNBH, resulting in more

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Li, Ao-Mei, Miao Wang, Zhong-Liang Chen, Cui-Xian Qin, Fen Liao, Zhen Wu, Wei-Zhong He, Prakash Lakshmanan, You-Qiang Pan, and Dong-Liang Huang. "Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis to Identify Sugarcane Gene Defense against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Herbivory." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 13712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213712.

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Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop, contributing ≥80% to total sugar production around the world. Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main pests of sugarcane, potentially causing severe yield and sugar loss. The identification of key defense factors against S. frugiperda herbivory can provide targets for improving sugarcane resistance to insect pests by molecular breeding. In this work, we used one of the main sugarcane pests, S. frugiperda, as the tested insect to attack sugarcane. Integrated transcriptome and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the changes in gene expressi

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Becerra, Judith X. "On the factors that promote the diversity of herbivorous insects and plants in tropical forests." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 19 (April 20, 2015): 6098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418643112.

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Some of the most fascinating and challenging questions in ecology are why biodiversity is highest in tropical forests and whether the factors involved are unique to these habitats. I did a worldwide test of the hypotheses that plant community divergence in antiherbivore traits results in higher insect herbivore diversity, and that predominant attack by specialized herbivores promotes plant richness. I found strong correlative support for both ideas. Butterfly diversity was greatest in regions where the community average species-pairwise dissimilarity in antiherbivore traits among plant species

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Radny, Janina, and Katrin M. Meyer. "The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model." PeerJ 6 (August 8, 2018): e5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5342.

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Background Establishment success of non-native species is not only influenced by environmental conditions, but also by interactions with local competitors and enemies. The magnitude of these biotic interactions is mediated by species traits that reflect competitive strength or defence mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the importance of species traits for successful establishment of non-native species in a native community exhibiting biotic resistance in the form of competition and herbivory. Methods We developed a trait-based, individual-based simulation model tracking the survival of non

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Dobesberger, Erhard John. "Stochastic simulation of growth loss in thinned balsam fir stands defoliated by the spruce budworm in Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-042.

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A stochastic simulation model was developed to derive a damage function for the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., herbivore interaction at the stand level for open-grown trees. Both aggregated and uniform models of attack pattern by late-instar larvae based on k of the negative binomial were evaluated to determine the impact of larval density and attack pattern on the loss in stemwood volume increment of young, thinned balsam fir stands in Newfoundland. Percentage loss in stemwood increment was a nonlinear, neg

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Palacios-Mosquera, Y., D. Mondragón, and A. Santos-Moreno. "Vertebrate florivory of vascular epiphytes: the case of a bromeliad." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 2 (April 2019): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.176023.

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Abstract The avoidance of vertebrate herbivory is thought to be one of the possible drivers for the evolution of epiphytism. Scarce literature suggests that epiphyte herbivory is mainly related to insect attack on reproductive structures. In a pine-oak forest we observed almost all inflorescences of an epiphytic bromeliad (Tillandsia carlos-hankii) with signs of florivory; the degree of damage suggested that vertebrate herbivores could be involved. To assess the intensity of vertebrate florivory damage we recorded the percentage of damaged individuals in a 500 m2 plots during two flowering sea

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Pan, Yu, Shi-wen Zhao, Xin-long Tang, Shang Wang, Xiao Wang, Xin-xin Zhang, Jing-Jiang Zhou, and Jing-hui Xi. "Transcriptome analysis of maize reveals potential key genes involved in the response to belowground herbivore Holotrichia parallela larvae feeding." Genome 63, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2019-0043.

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The larvae of Holotrichia parallela, a destructive belowground herbivore, causes tremendous damages to maize plants. However, little is known if there are any defense mechanisms in maize roots to defend themselves against this herbivore. In the current research, we carried out RNA-sequencing to investigate the changes in gene transcription level in maize roots after H. parallela larvae infestation. A total of 644 up-regulated genes and 474 down-regulated genes was found. In addition, Gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were

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Paulo, P. D., C. G. Lima, A. B. Dominiquini, M. A. M. Fadini, S. M. Mendes, and C. G. S. Marinho. "Maize plants produce direct resistance elicited by Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.19915.

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Abstract Plants can be attacked by a wide variety of herbivores. Thus, developing protective mechanisms for resistance against these agents is an advantage for survival and reproduction. Over the course of evolution, many resistance mechanisms against herbivory have been developed by the plants. Induced direct and indirect resistance mechanisms can manifest in plants after herbivore attack. The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is not a pest of maize crops (Zea mays), despite being reported infesting plants that may have resistances against this herbivore. We tested the hypothesis th

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Moreira, Xoaquín, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Hans Henrik Bruun, Felisa Covelo, Pieter De Frenne, Andrea Galmán, Álvaro Gaytán, et al. "Latitudinal variation in seed predation correlates with latitudinal variation in seed defensive and nutritional traits in a widespread oak species." Annals of Botany 125, no. 6 (December 20, 2019): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz207.

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Abstract Background and Aims Classic theory on geographical gradients in plant–herbivore interactions assumes that herbivore pressure and plant defences increase towards warmer and more stable climates found at lower latitudes. However, the generality of these expectations has been recently called into question by conflicting empirical evidence. One possible explanation for this ambiguity is that most studies have reported on patterns of either herbivory or plant defences whereas few have measured both, thus preventing a full understanding of the implications of observed patterns for plant–her

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MARQUIS, ROBERT J., IVONE R. DINIZ, and HELENA C. MORAIS. "Patterns and correlates of interspecific variation in foliar insect herbivory and pathogen attack in Brazilian cerrado." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001080.

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Patterns of insect herbivore and leaf pathogen attack are described for 25 plant species (10 trees, 10 shrubs and five herbs) at a Brazilian savanna (cerrado) site. Plant and leaf traits were correlated with interspecific variation in attack by herbivores and pathogens in order to account for differences among plant species. Across all species, pathogen damage was 1.5 times higher than insect damage (17.3% vs. 6.8%, respectively). Most insect damage occurred to young leaves while they were expanding (end of the dry season). In contrast, pathogen attack was low on young expanding leaves at the

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Singh, Archana, Amit Kumar, Susan Hartley, and Indrakant Kumar Singh. "Silicon: its ameliorative effect on plant defense against herbivory." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 21 (June 27, 2020): 6730–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa300.

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Abstract Plants protect themselves against pest attack utilizing both direct and indirect modes of defense. The direct mode of defense includes morphological, biochemical, and molecular barriers that affect feeding, growth, and survival of herbivores whereas the indirect mode of defense includes release of a blend of volatiles that attract natural enemies of the pests. Both of these strategies adopted by plants are reinforced if the plants are supplied with one of the most abundant metalloids, silicon (Si). Plants absorb Si as silicic acid (Si(OH)4) and accumulate it as phytoliths, which stren

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Johnson, Scott N., Olivia L. Reynolds, Geoff M. Gurr, Jessica L. Esveld, Ben D. Moore, Gavin J. Tory, and Andrew N. Gherlenda. "When resistance is futile, tolerate instead: silicon promotes plant compensatory growth when attacked by above- and belowground herbivores." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 20190361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0361.

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Plants have evolved numerous herbivore defences that are resistance- or tolerance-based. Resistance involves physical and chemical traits that deter and/or harm herbivores whereas tolerance minimizes fitness costs of herbivory, often via compensatory growth. The Poaceae frequently accumulate large amounts of silicon (Si), which can be used for herbivore resistance, including biomechanical and (indirectly) biochemical defences. To date, it is unclear whether Si improves tolerance of herbivory. Here we report how Si enabled a cereal ( Triticum aestivum ) to tolerate damage inflicted by above- an

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Iason, Glenn R., Julianne M. O'Reilly-Wapstra, Mark J. Brewer, Ron W. Summers, and Ben D. Moore. "Do multiple herbivores maintain chemical diversity of Scots pine monoterpenes?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1569 (May 12, 2011): 1337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0236.

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A central issue in our understanding of the evolution of the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) is whether or not compounds are functional, conferring an advantage to the plant, or non-functional. We examine the hypothesis that the diversity of monoterpene PSMs within a plant species (Scots pine Pinus sylvestris ) may be explained by different compounds acting as defences against high-impact herbivores operating at different life stages. We also hypothesize that pairwise coevolution, with uncorrelated interactions, is more likely to result in greater PSM diversity, than diffuse co

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Mundim, Fabiane M., Emilio M. Bruna, Ernane H. M. Vieira-Neto, and Heraldo L. Vasconcelos. "Attack frequency and the tolerance to herbivory of Neotropical savanna trees." Oecologia 168, no. 2 (August 2, 2011): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2088-8.

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Svensson, Brita M., Bengt Å. Carlsson, and Jerry M. Melillo. "Changes in species abundance after seven years of elevated atmospheric CO2 and warming in a Subarctic birch forest understorey, as modified by rodent and moth outbreaks." PeerJ 6 (May 29, 2018): e4843. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4843.

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A seven-year long, two-factorial experiment using elevated temperatures (5 °C) and CO2 (concentration doubled compared to ambient conditions) designed to test the effects of global climate change on plant community composition was set up in a Subarctic ecosystem in northernmost Sweden. Using point-frequency analyses in permanent plots, an increased abundance of the deciduous Vaccinium myrtillus, the evergreens V. vitis-idaea and Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum and the grass Avenella flexuosa was found in plots with elevated temperatures. We also observed a possibly transient community shif

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Denham, Sander O., David R. Coyle, A. Christopher Oishi, Bronson P. Bullock, Kari Heliövaara, and Kimberly A. Novick. "Tree resin flow dynamics during an experimentally induced attack by Ips avulsus, I. calligraphus, and I. grandicollis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 1 (January 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0024.

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The success of tree colonization by bark beetles depends on their ability to overcome host tree defenses, including resin exudation and toxic chemicals, which deter bark beetle colonization. Resin defenses during insect outbreaks are challenging to study in situ, as outbreaks are stochastic events that progress quickly and thus preclude the establishment of baseline observations of non-infested controls. We use synthetic aggregation pheromones to demonstrate that confined Ips bark beetle herbivory can be successfully initiated to provide opportunities for studying interactions between bark bee

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Pena, João Carlos De Castro, Pedro Luna, Felipe Aoki-Gonçalves, María Fernanda Chávez Jacobo, TAMARA MARTÍNEZ PATIÑO, KASSANDRA SÁNCHEZ MORALES, MIGUELINA VIVER VÁZQUEZ, JUAN HECTOR GARCÍA-CHÁVEZ, and WESLEY DÁTTILO. "I Can See You: Temporal Variation in Ant Aggressiveness Towards Herbivores under Continuous Provision of High- or Low-quality Food Sources." Sociobiology 67, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i1.4727.

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To reduce herbivory, plants bearing extrafloral nectaries interact with ants and attract them by providing food. As plant bodyguards, ants respond to the resource provision and, using their antennae, detect chemical messages from the host plants that help them to locate herbivores. Ants can also use their vision to explore the environment; however, information is lacking on how interactions between visual signs and the availability of extrafloral nectar affect ant aggressiveness near resources. We addressed the following question in this study: does the ants’ ability to visualize potential her

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Havko, Nathan E., Michael R. Das, Alan M. McClain, George Kapali, Thomas D. Sharkey, and Gregg A. Howe. "Insect herbivory antagonizes leaf cooling responses to elevated temperature in tomato." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 4 (January 21, 2020): 2211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913885117.

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As global climate change brings elevated average temperatures and more frequent and extreme weather events, pressure from biotic stresses will become increasingly compounded by harsh abiotic stress conditions. The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) promotes resilience to many environmental stresses, including attack by arthropod herbivores whose feeding activity is often stimulated by rising temperatures. How wound-induced JA signaling affects plant adaptive responses to elevated temperature (ET), however, remains largely unknown. In this study, we used the commercially important crop plant Solanum

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Johnson, Scott N., Matthias Erb, and Susan E. Hartley. "Roots under attack: contrasting plant responses to below- and aboveground insect herbivory." New Phytologist 210, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13807.

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Barboza, Deise Mari, Márcia Cristina Mendes Marques, José Henrique Pedrosa-Macedo, and Terence Olckers. "Plant population structure and insect herbivory on Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae) in southern Brazil: a support to biological control." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000200019.

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Solanum mauritianum Scopoli (Solanaceae), a native Brazilian shrub, has become naturalized and invasive in several countries. In South Africa, where invasions are severe, herbivorous insects that attack S. mauritianum in its native area have been considered for introduction as biological control agents. To assess the action of such herbivores on the plant, studies were carried out on a population of S. mauritianum in an area undergoing regeneration in southern Brazil. An analysis of the structure of that population was performed, as well as of herbivory by insects, in particular of Anthonomus

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Wetterer, James K. "Attack by Paraponera clavata Prevents Herbivory by the Leaf-Cutting Ant, Atta cephalotes." Biotropica 26, no. 4 (December 1994): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389241.

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Ohata, Yuto, Yuuki Tetsumoto, Sayo Morita, Naoki Mori, Yoichi Ishiguri, and Naoko Yoshinaga. "Triterpenes induced by young apple fruits in response to herbivore attack." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, no. 7 (May 4, 2021): 1594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbab077.

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ABSTRACT Apples Malus domestica, known as a rich source of triterpene acids, induced more variety and quantity of triterpene acids in response to herbivory or mechanical damage. There were 3 major induced compounds: pomaceic acid and euscaphic acid, both of which are known apple triterpene acids, and 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxours-12-en-28-oic acid (named eriobotoric acid), which was first identified in apples. In this study, the 3 compounds’ induction curves after damage, varietal differences in induction amounts, and physiological roles against pest insects were further investigated. Eriobotoric

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Hettenhausen, Christian, Juan Li, Huifu Zhuang, Huanhuan Sun, Yuxing Xu, Jinfeng Qi, Jingxiong Zhang, et al. "Stem parasitic plant Cuscuta australis (dodder) transfers herbivory-induced signals among plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 32 (July 24, 2017): E6703—E6709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704536114.

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Cuscuta spp. (i.e., dodders) are stem parasites that naturally graft to their host plants to extract water and nutrients; multiple adjacent hosts are often parasitized by one or more Cuscuta plants simultaneously, forming connected plant clusters. Metabolites, proteins, and mRNAs are known to be transferred from hosts to Cuscuta, and Cuscuta bridges even facilitate host-to-host virus movement. Whether Cuscuta bridges transmit ecologically meaningful signals remains unknown. Here we show that, when host plants are connected by Cuscuta bridges, systemic herbivory signals are transmitted from att

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Morrell, Kimberly, and André Kessler. "The scent of danger: Volatile-mediated information transfer and defence priming in plants." Biochemist 36, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03605026.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are constantly emitted by plants, and play a major role in information transfer between plants and other organisms. One of the consequences of VOC-mediated information transfer is that plants ‘warn’ neighbouring plants when they are attacked, enabling these neighbours to prime defence responses in anticipation of future attack. Priming refers to a memory effect in which previous exposure to a stimulus (i.e. VOCs) enables plants to respond faster and more strongly when presented with a future stimulus (i.e. herbivory, pathogen infection). In recent years, our k

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Kadarsah, Anang. "Analysis of Avicennia Sp. Plants Herbivory and Associated Insects in Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 9, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v9i1.261.

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Herbivory is<strong> </strong>a<strong> </strong>natural mechanisms for adjustment of tree growth, form, survivorship, and reproductive output of forest ecology including in mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to compare herbivory and insect diversity in various growth stages of <em>Avicennia</em> Sp. related with restoration of mangrove ecosystem. The research was carried out four months (July-October 2020) in Pagatan Besar mangrove ecosystem in Tanah Laut District, South Kalimantan Province. The results showed that marginal pattern is the mos

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Chitty, Ruth P., and Alan C. Gange. "Reciprocal interactions between aphids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across plant generations." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 16, no. 1 (November 20, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09875-9.

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AbstractThe conditions experienced by one plant generation can influence the growth of the offspring generation. These maternal effects can reduce performance of foliar-feeding insects, through accumulation of plant defences. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inhabit the roots of plants and are known to influence the performance of foliar-feeding insects. However, all published studies of the interactions between insects and AMF have taken place within one plant generation, but none across generations. Thus, in the present study, Senecio vulgaris plants were grown with or without aphids and A

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Bodenhausen, Natacha, and Philippe Reymond. "Signaling Pathways Controlling Induced Resistance to Insect Herbivores in Arabidopsis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 20, no. 11 (November 2007): 1406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-20-11-1406.

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Insect attack triggers changes in transcript level in plants that are mediated predominantly by jasmonic acid (JA). The implication of ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and other signals in this response is less understood and was monitored with a microarray containing insect- and defense-regulated genes. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants coi1-1, ein2-1, and sid2-1 impaired in JA, ET, and SA signaling pathways were challenged with the specialist small cabbage white (Pieris rapae) and the generalist Egyptian cotton worm (Spodoptera littoralis). JA was shown to be a major signal controlling the upr

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