Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Higher productivity and Baumol’s diseases service“

The main trend in the development of dairy farming in the Russian Federation suggests maximising milk yield and reducing milk net cost. The economic effectiveness of industrial dairy farming is largely determined by adequate feeding, as well as effective system of measures to ensure animal health and prevent infectious and non-infectious mass diseases. The main reason for the premature retirement of highly productive cows is based on the factors typical of the intensive technologies used in dairy cattle breeding, which lead to the occurrence of metabolic diseases. It is established that the intensity of metabolism is directly linked to the high productivity of cows. With a highly concentrated, mainly silage-based type of feeding, an imbalance of nutrients is often recorded, in particular as regards the sugar/ protein ratio, leading to deep metabolic disorders and the development of immunodeficiency states. Metabolic disorders in highly productive cows occur as a result of unbalanced diets as far as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are concerned. Acidosis, ruminitis and hepatosis are recorded in disordered cows and heifers. The service period exceeds 100 days in 70–75% of cows. Hepatosis and immunodeficiency states are often found in calves born to cows with signs of deep metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders often remain unnoticed and become apparent only when pronounced pathological changes occur resulting in decreased productivity and ability to reproduce resistant young animals, as well as culling of animals. Metabolic diseases were recorded in 30–70% of cows examined in large dairy farms. The average lifetime productivity of high-yielding cows is (2.1 ± 0.15) lactations in Russia. The results of epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing of sera samples showed that emulsion inactivated vaccines administered to immunodeficient cattle induce higher titres of virus-specific antibodies than those in animals vaccinated with adsorbed vaccines.

During its formation and improvement, cattle acquired a number of biological and economic-useful qualities, which allowed identifying separate groups of animals with high productivity and productive longevity. One of the main criteria for cow selection for further breeding is the quantity and quality of dairy products [4]. Profitability of dairy farming largely depends on both milk yield and the reproductive ability of cows. Troubled calving and subsequent diseases and complications affect the state of the animal organism; preservation and restoration of the health of a cow after troubled calving require considerable expenses. This research was aimed at examining milk production in cows with easy and troubled calving. To achieve this goal, in the studied number of cows with easy and troubled calving, the authors analyzed the following parameters: milk yield during the first lactation, fat and protein mass fraction, the amount of milk fat and milk protein; milk productivity was also studied, depending on the age at first insemination and the duration of the service period. It has been found that milk yields in the cows with troubled calving were higher than in the cows with easy calving. The influence of the age at the first fruitful insemination on the further milk productivity has been determined: the highest yields were obtained from the cows with the age at the first fruitful insemination in the interval between 15.1 and 17.0 months. The maximum milk yields during the first lactation – 6,206 kg - were observed in the cows with relatively short service period (61 to 90 days).

ObjectivesTo examine non-communicable diseases (NCDs) multimorbidity level and its relation to households’ socioeconomic characteristics, health service use, catastrophic health expenditures and productivity loss.DesignThis study used panel data of the Indonesian Family Life Survey conducted in 2007 (Wave 4) and 2014 (Wave 5).SettingThe original sampling frame was based on 13 out of 27 provinces in 1993, representing 83% of the Indonesian population.ParticipantsWe included respondents aged 50 years and above in 2007, excluding those who did not participate in both Waves 4 and 5. The total number of participants in this study are 3678 respondents.Primary outcome measuresWe examined three main outcomes; health service use (outpatient and inpatient care), financial burden (catastrophic health expenditure) and productivity loss (labour participation, days primary activity missed, days confined in bed). We applied multilevel mixed-effects regression models to assess the associations between NCD multimorbidity and outcome variables,ResultsWomen were more likely to have NCD multimorbidity than men and the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity increased with higher socioeconomic status. NCD multimorbidity was associated with a higher number of outpatient visits (compared with those without NCD, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 4.25, 95% CI 3.33 to 5.42 for individuals with >3 NCDs) and inpatient visits (IRR 3.68, 95% CI 2.21 to 6.12 for individuals with >3 NCDs). NCD multimorbidity was also associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing catastrophic health expenditure (for >3 NCDs, adjusted OR (aOR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.81) and lower participation in the labour force (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.33) compared with no NCD.ConclusionsNCD multimorbidity is associated with substantial direct and indirect costs to individuals, households and the wider society. Our study highlights the importance of preparing health systems for addressing the burden of multimorbidity in low-income and middle-income countries.

Cotton is an essential commercial crop. Unfortunately, this crop is affected by many pests and diseases, which can cause considerable loss in yield. Climate has a strong correlation with the occurrence of pests and diseases in crops. Currently, weather forecasting services are available to the farmers, which help with weather-based planning of farm operations. Still, weather-based pest and disease forewarning services are not available to all the farmers. Unfortunately, cotton cultivation consumes about one-third of total pesticide consumption, which increases the cost of production apart from polluting the environment. An information and communication technology (ICT) based intelligent pest and disease forewarning system for cotton is an innovative system for providing forewarning on pests and diseases. It aims at improving farm productivity through better crop management. In this paper, the proposed method aims to predict the occurrence of pests and diseases based on microclimatic parameters. This pest and disease forewarning information and appropriate crop management practices will be disseminated to the farmers using electronic media through short message service (SMS), the Internet, etc. In this way, both livelihood security and environmental security are achieved. The proposed model shows a higher optimal performance then the two related works in terms of the average root mean square error rate, average accuracy rate, average percentage error rate, and prediction accuracy.

This study estimated the economic burden of people with brain disability in Korea during 2008-2011 using nationally representative data and was conducted to use the results as an evidence for determining the resources allocation of people with brain disability. We used a prevalence-based approach to estimate the economic burden, classified by direct costs (medical costs and nonmedical costs) and indirect costs (productivity loss of morbidity and premature death). Data from the National Health Insurance Service, the National Disability Registry, the National survey on persons with disabilities, the Korea National Statistical Office’s records of causes of death, and the Labor Statistics were used to calculate direct and indirect costs. The treated prevalence of brain disability increased from 0.26% (2008) to 0.35% (2011). Total economic burden of brain-related diseases was US$1.88 billion in 2008 and increased to US$2.90 billion in 2011, with a 54% rate of increase. The economic burden of all diseases, which was 1.2 to 1.4 times higher than that of brain-related diseases, accounted for US$2.61 billion in 2008 and US$3.62 billion in 2011, increasing by 39%. Owing to the growing occurrence of brain disability, the annual prevalence and related costs are increasing. Health management programs are necessary to reduce the economic burden of brain disability in Korea.

This study aims to determine the level of development and strategies for rural development based on industrial plants. This study uses primary and secondary data in the form of village potential data, supporting facilities, population numbers, accessibility, service facilities, institutions, disasters, and infectious diseases. Rural development based on industrial plants in Takalar District is spread in most rural areas. Industry with leading commodity of sugar cane is expected to be the spearhead of village development. However, based on BPS data, there was a decrease in sugar cane productivity during 2012–2016. The result of the analysis shows that the level of rural development based on industrial plants in North Polombangkeng district was higher than that South Polombangkeng district. It can be seen from the result of the scoring analysis which shows that two villages namely Palleko village and Massamaturu village, each weights 75 and 74, are located in North Polombangkeng district. This study recommends that in balancing the level of village development based on sugarcane plants, the local government and private sector should improve infrastructure and human resources as a whole.

The health care access rate can highly contribute to society’s living quality, and further influence the general labor productivity and economic growth of a country. However, the health expenditure per person in Australia is very high and not able to decrease immediately, which can gradually impact the proportion of people visiting health care services. Thus, it is important to reveal other important factors influencing health care utilization and seek solutions via the results. This study aimed to reveal the factors associated with the healthcare service utilization in Australia. We first hypothesized that insurance coverage will be the factor with the most contribution. The data, collected from the health survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 1978-1978, were analyzed via regression model and exploratory data analysis. Model comparison was also performed to receive a more accurate conclusion. The overall results showed that factors influencing health conditions, such as higher age, diseases affecting daily activities appeared to have the greatest relevance with utilization rate. Insurance is also a significant factor, but has a lower contribution compared to the health-related ones. The results can act as an important indicator in introducing policies in health care system and enhance citizen’s health conditions.

Изучили репродуктивные функции коров в зависимости от молочной продуктивности и количества лактаций путем регулярных гинекологических обследований, а так же причины и характер нарушений. Установлено, что нарушения воспроизводительной функции коров увеличиваются с ростом молочной продуктивности, максимально осложняясь у 43 коров 6 и более лактаций, а продолжительность сервиспериода достигает 145 дней при средних значениях индекса осеменения 3,2. У коров по 1 и 2 лактации частота репродуктивных осложнений составляет в среднем 21. Анализ материалов исследований по состоянию репродуктивной активности обследованных коров чернопестрой породы в условиях Республики Башкортостан показывает, что основной причиной снижения плодовитости является наличие гипофункции яичников, которая может составлять до 37,1, кист 15,2 в высокопродуктивных стадах и 34,5 персистентных желтых тел в низкопродуктивных. Применение комплекса биорегуляторов позволяет получать достаточно высокие показатели прихода коров в охоту от 74 до 91 животных от общего их числа. Наибольшие значения показателя плодотворного осеменения (до 75) были установлены у коров по 3 и 4 лактациям. Обследование выявило, что увеличение молочной продуктивности приводит к увеличению нарушений воспроизводительной функции. По нашим данным, в высокопродуктивных стадах диагностировано гинекологически больных коров в 2,1 раз больше, чем в низкопродуктивных.Reproductive functions of cows depending on milk productivity and the number of lactation periods, as well as the reasons of reproductive impairments, were studied using regular gynecological examinations. It was found that reproductive function impairment in cows is increased with the growth of milk productivity with the complication reaching maximum in 43 of cows for 6 and more lactation, and the length of the service period amounts to 145 days with the average value of insemination index being equal to 3.2. During lactation periods up to 1 and 2 the average frequency of reproductive impairment in cows is 21. The analysis of research materials concerning reproductive activity of examined cows of blackandwhite breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan shows that the main reason of decrease in breeding performance lies in the presence of ovary hypofunction which can amount to 37.1, cysts 15.2 in highly productive herds, and 34.5 of persistent yellow bodies in those with low productivity. The use of bioregulator complexes allows achieving rather high values of cows coming in heat from 74 to 91 of animals from the total quantity. The highest values of successful insemination (up to 75) were registered in cows during lactation periods 3 and 4. Examination found that improvement of milk productivity leads to the increase in reproductive function impairment rate. According to our information, the number of cows with gynecological diseases in highly productive herds was higher than in those with low productivity by 2.1 times.

As a result of research and production experience in the economy of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the effect of three-time administration of the drug «Selenopiran» at a dose of 300 mg during the dry season on the ease of calving, milk productivity and reproductive functions of cows was studied. For this purpose, two groups of cows (n=10) were selected: an experimental group and a control group. Starting from the confirmation of 6-month pregnancy, 25% oil solution of the drug «Selenopiran» at a dose of 30 ml was administered three times at intervals of 5–6 days to animals of the experimental group. 14 days after last injection from experimental and control animals were taken blood samples for haematological study determined the red blood indices: the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, white blood: white blood cell count and leukocyte formula, and lysozime and bactericidal activity of blood serum. Further, the animals were monitored both during calving and postpartum period, and during subsequent artificial insemination and lactation, the duration of independent and manual separation of the afterbirth, the frequency of occurrence, form, duration of the course and outcome of specific diseases of the postpartum period (endometritis and early mastitis) were recorded. Fruitful insemination was determined based on the results of rectal studies. Based on these observations, the main indicators of herd reproduction were calculated, i.e. the insemination index (the number of inseminations per 36 fruitful), the duration of the period and the interbody period. As a result, the service period in the experimental group decreased by 113,7% relative to the control animals (178,2 days versus 2,3), the insemination index also improved in the experimental group – 3,8, against 1,6 in the control group. The average daily milk yield in the experimental group is 2,9 kg higher, and the live weight of calves at birth is XNUMX kg. A comparative analysis of hematological parameters of experimental and control cows obtained a higher level of markers of nonspecific immunity in the experimental group. Consequently, along with relatively rapid recovery of reproductive organs and shortening of the service period, the cows of the experimental group also had higher indicators of non-specific resistance compared to the cows of the control group.

It has been claimed that artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative potential for the healthcare sector by enabling increased productivity and creative methods of delivering healthcare services. Recently, there has been a major shift to artificial intelligence by businesses, government, and private sectors in general and the health sector in particular. Many studies have proven that artificial intelligence is contributing greatly to the health sector by discovering diseases and determining the best treatments for patients. Dentistry requires new innovative methods that serve both the patient and the service provider in obtaining the best and appropriate medical services. Artificial intelligence has the ability to develop the field of dentistry through early diagnosis and prediction of dental implant cases. This research develops a set of four machine learning algorithms to predict when a patient might need dental implants. These models are the Bayesian network, random forest, AdaBoost algorithm, and improved AdaBoost algorithm. This work shows that the developed algorithms can predict when a patient needs dental implants. Also, we believe that this proposal will advise managers and decision-makers in targeting patients with particular diagnoses. Analysis of the obtained results indicates good performance of the developed machine learning. As a result of this research, we note that the proposed improved AdaBoost algorithm increases the level of prediction accuracy and gives significantly higher performance than the other studied methods with the accuracy for the improved AdaBoost algorithm reaching 91.7%.

The doctoral dissertation intends to explore the level and patterns of production transformation, centering the analysis on sample economies from East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and SSA. It consists of seven parts. The general introduction gives outline of the research theme, claims (problem statement), objectives and research questions. It also introduces the motivation, content and contributions of each of the six parts to the dissertation. Part two intends to give conceptual discussions on production transformation and to review relevant theoretical strands on structural transformation and structural change. The aim is to grasp useful insights on how the dynamic evolution of the production structure of an economy towards the increasing returns sector (chiefly manufacturing) pertains to employment creation, cumulative productivity increases and sustainable development. As a continuation of part two, part three seeks to discuss sectoral role of growth, framing the analytical framework in favor of the dynamic synergetic relationship between sectors (which is related to the multi-sectoral multiplier approach). With the aim at contributing to the debate on sector-led development route and wealth creation in today’s low-income economies that failed to have their own industrialization imitating the advanced economies as well as to the debate on industrialization and service transformation, part three devotes to critically and thoroughly review the tenet of the different theoretical strands (past and present) on engine of growth hypothesis. It contributes to the industrialization or the production transformation and development literature by synthesizing the role of manufacturing and other sectors (agriculture and services) to economic development and poverty reduction in the developing economies context in SSA and Asia. The lengthy discussion of part three vindicated the existence of a synergetic relation between economic sectors and production activities [and the “stimulus complement” role of services to manufacturing] through addressing hosts of questions. The remaining parts of the dissertation were intended to validate the proposed synergetic relationship between economic sectors as well as the “stimulus complement” role of services to manufacturing rather than substitute to it. The possibility for synergetic relationship between manufacturing and services activities in the transformation and development process has been missing or received very little attention in the debate hitherto – advocates of each sector completely ignore or place little focus on the existence of a dynamic synergetic relationship between them. The dissertation calls for synergy because everything is interconnected in the economic system. One cannot discuss about development without acknowledging structural heterogeneity of the economy. So, it is difficult to separately discuss or define anything clearly; difficult to draw stylized fact with respect to sectoral role in economic transformation and development process that is clear and accepted by all. This is simply because synergy by its conception involves logging a middle course between polarized ideas (extremes). In short, synergy rejects extremes and often calls for the ‘middle way,’ neither too far to the right nor to the left. Often the truth in real world production is neither one alternative nor the other but both. Choosing synergy generally requires one to accept ambiguity, uncertainty, mystery and paradox. For instance, manufacturing has indispensable role in the economy; but, agriculture should not be marginalize and belittled, nor services be ignored. The economy needs both, despite manufacturing conventionally has special place to play pivotal role than others.