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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Hydrology|Climate Change“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 14. September 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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1

Hattermann, Fred Fokko, Shaochun Huang und Hagen Koch. „Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources“. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 24, Nr. 2 (13.04.2015): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2014/0575.

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2

Gleick, Peter H. „Climate change, hydrology, and water resources“. Reviews of Geophysics 27, Nr. 3 (1989): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg027i003p00329.

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3

Kutics, Károly, und Gabriella Kravinszkaja. „Lake Balaton hydrology and climate change“. Ecocycles 6, Nr. 1 (2020): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v6i1.165.

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4

Huntingford, Chris, John Gash und Anna Maria Giacomello. „Climate change and hydrology: next steps for climate models“. Hydrological Processes 20, Nr. 9 (2006): 2085–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6208.

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5

Brubaker, K. L., und A. Rango. „Response of snowmelt hydrology to climate change“. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 90, Nr. 1-2 (Juli 1996): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00619293.

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6

Darling, W. G. „The isotope hydrology of quaternary climate change☆“. Journal of Human Evolution 60, Nr. 4 (April 2011): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.05.006.

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7

Lamichhane und Shakya. „Integrated Assessment of Climate Change and Land Use Change Impacts on Hydrology in the Kathmandu Valley Watershed, Central Nepal“. Water 11, Nr. 10 (02.10.2019): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102059.

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The population growth and urbanization are rapidly increasing in both central and peripheral areas of the Kathmandu Valley (KV) watershed. Land use/cover (LULC) change and climate variability/change are exacerbating the hydrological cycle in the KV. This study aims to evaluate the extent of changes in hydrology due to changes in climate, LULC and integrated change considering both factors, with KV watershed in central Nepal as a case study. Historical LULC data were extracted from satellite image and future LULC are projected in decadal scale (2020 to 2050) using CLUE-S (the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional contest) model. Future climate is projected based on three regional climate models (RCMs) and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios, namely, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. A hydrological model in soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was developed to simulate hydrology and analyze impacts in hydrology under various scenarios. The modeling results show that the river runoff for RCP4.5 scenarios is projected to increase by 37%, 21%, and 12%, respectively, for climate change only, LULC only, and integrated changes of both. LULC change resulted in an increase in average annual flow, however, a decrease in base-flow. Furthermore, the impacts of integrated changes in both LULC and climate is not a simple superposition of individual changes.

8

Mujumdar, P. P., und Subimal Ghosh. „CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES“. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 14, Nr. 3 (Januar 2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2008.10514918.

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9

Miller, Norman L., Kathy E. Bashford und Eric Strem. „POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CALIFORNIA HYDROLOGY“. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39, Nr. 4 (August 2003): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04404.x.

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10

Hagemann, S., C. Chen, D. B. Clark, S. Folwell, S. N. Gosling, I. Haddeland, N. Hanasaki et al. „Climate change impact on available water resources obtained using multiple global climate and hydrology models“. Earth System Dynamics 4, Nr. 1 (07.05.2013): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-129-2013.

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to alter the hydrological cycle resulting in large-scale impacts on water availability. However, future climate change impact assessments are highly uncertain. For the first time, multiple global climate (three) and hydrological models (eight) were used to systematically assess the hydrological response to climate change and project the future state of global water resources. This multi-model ensemble allows us to investigate how the hydrology models contribute to the uncertainty in projected hydrological changes compared to the climate models. Due to their systematic biases, GCM outputs cannot be used directly in hydrological impact studies, so a statistical bias correction has been applied. The results show a large spread in projected changes in water resources within the climate–hydrology modelling chain for some regions. They clearly demonstrate that climate models are not the only source of uncertainty for hydrological change, and that the spread resulting from the choice of the hydrology model is larger than the spread originating from the climate models over many areas. But there are also areas showing a robust change signal, such as at high latitudes and in some midlatitude regions, where the models agree on the sign of projected hydrological changes, indicative of higher confidence in this ensemble mean signal. In many catchments an increase of available water resources is expected but there are some severe decreases in Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, the Mississippi River basin, southern Africa, southern China and south-eastern Australia.

11

Ahn. „Assessment of Climate and Land Use Change Impacts on Watershed Hydrology for an Urbanizing Watershed“. Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 35, Nr. 3 (2015): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2015.35.3.0567.

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12

Steele-Dunne, Susan, Peter Lynch, Ray McGrath, Tido Semmler, Shiyu Wang, Jenny Hanafin und Paul Nolan. „The impacts of climate change on hydrology in Ireland“. Journal of Hydrology 356, Nr. 1-2 (Juli 2008): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.025.

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13

Prudhomme, C., T. Haxton, S. Crooks, C. Jackson, A. Barkwith, J. Williamson, J. Kelvin et al. „Future Flows Hydrology: an ensemble of daily river flow and monthly groundwater levels for use for climate change impact assessment across Great Britain“. Earth System Science Data 5, Nr. 1 (13.03.2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-101-2013.

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Abstract. The dataset Future Flows Hydrology was developed as part of the project "Future Flows and Groundwater Levels'' to provide a consistent set of transient daily river flow and monthly groundwater level projections across England, Wales and Scotland to enable the investigation of the role of climate variability on river flow and groundwater levels nationally and how this may change in the future. Future Flows Hydrology is derived from Future Flows Climate, a national ensemble projection derived from the Hadley Centre's ensemble projection HadRM3-PPE to provide a consistent set of climate change projections for the whole of Great Britain at both space and time resolutions appropriate for hydrological applications. Three hydrological models and one groundwater level model were used to derive Future Flows Hydrology, with 30 river sites simulated by two hydrological models to enable assessment of hydrological modelling uncertainty in studying the impact of climate change on the hydrology. Future Flows Hydrology contains an 11-member ensemble of transient projections from January 1951 to December 2098, each associated with a single realisation from a different variant of HadRM3 and a single hydrological model. Daily river flows are provided for 281 river catchments and monthly groundwater levels at 24 boreholes as .csv files containing all 11 ensemble members. When separate simulations are done with two hydrological models, two separate .csv files are provided. Because of potential biases in the climate–hydrology modelling chain, catchment fact sheets are associated with each ensemble. These contain information on the uncertainty associated with the hydrological modelling when driven using observed climate and Future Flows Climate for a period representative of the reference time slice 1961–1990 as described by key hydrological statistics. Graphs of projected changes for selected hydrological indicators are also provided for the 2050s time slice. Limitations associated with the dataset are provided, along with practical recommendation of use. Future Flows Hydrology is freely available for non-commercial use under certain licensing conditions. For each study site, catchment averages of daily precipitation and monthly potential evapotranspiration, used to drive the hydrological models, are made available, so that hydrological modelling uncertainty under climate change conditions can be explored further. doi:10.5285/f3723162-4fed-4d9d-92c6-dd17412fa37b

14

Prudhomme, C., T. Haxton, S. Crooks, C. Jackson, A. Barkwith, J. Williamson, J. Kelvin et al. „Future Flows Hydrology: an ensemble of daily river flow and monthly groundwater levels for use for climate change impact assessment across Great Britain“. Earth System Science Data Discussions 5, Nr. 2 (04.12.2012): 1159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-5-1159-2012.

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Abstract. The dataset Future Flows Hydrology was developed as part of the project "Future Flows and Groundwater Levels" to provide a consistent set of transient daily river flow and monthly groundwater levels projections across England, Wales and Scotland to enable the investigation of the role of climate variability on river flow and groundwater levels nationally and how this may change in the future. Future Flows Hydrology is derived from Future Flows Climate, a national ensemble projection derived from the Hadley Centre's ensemble projection HadRM3-PPE to provide a consistent set of climate change projections for the whole of Great Britain at both space and time resolutions appropriate for hydrological applications. Three hydrological models and one groundwater level model were used to derive Future Flows Hydrology, with 30 river sites simulated by two hydrological models to enable assessment of hydrological modelling uncertainty in studying the impact of climate change on the hydrology. Future Flows Hydrology contains an 11-member ensemble of transient projections from January 1951 to December 2098, each associated with a single realisation from a different variant of HadRM3 and a single hydrological model. Daily river flows are provided for 281 river catchments and monthly groundwater levels at 24 boreholes as .csv files containing all 11 ensemble members. When separate simulations are done with two hydrological models, two separate .csv files are provided. Because of potential biases in the climate-hydrology modelling chain, catchment fact sheets are associated with each ensemble. These contain information on the uncertainty associated with the hydrological modelling when driven using observed climate and Future Flows Climate for a period representative of the reference time slice 1961–1990 as described by key hydrological statistics. Graphs of projected changes for selected hydrological indicators are also provided for the 2050s time slice. Limitations associated with the dataset are provided, along with practical recommendation of use. Future Flows Hydrology is freely available for non-commercial use under certain licensing conditions. For each study site, catchment averages of daily precipitation and monthly potential evapotranspiration, used to drive the hydrological models, are made available, so that hydrological modelling uncertainty under climate change conditions can be explored further. doi:10.5285/f3723162-4fed-4d9d-92c6-dd17412fa37b.

15

Collins, Daniel B. G. „New Zealand River Hydrology under Late 21st Century Climate Change“. Water 12, Nr. 8 (01.08.2020): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082175.

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Climate change is increasingly affecting the water cycle and as freshwater plays a vital role in countries’ societal and environmental well-being it is important to develop national assessments of potential climate change impacts. Focussing on New Zealand, a climate-hydrology model cascade is used to project hydrological impacts of late 21st century climate change at 43,862 river locations across the country for seven hydrological metrics. Mean annual and seasonal river flows validate well across the whole model cascade, and the mean annual floods to a lesser extent, while low flows exhibit a large positive bias. Model projections show large swathes of non-significant effects across the country due to interannual variability and climate model uncertainty. Where changes are significant, mean annual, autumn, and spring flows increase along the west and south and decrease in the north and east. The largest and most extensive increases occur during winter, while during summer decreasing flows outnumber increasing. The mean annual flood increases more in the south, while mean annual low flows show both increases and decreases. These hydrological changes are likely to have important long-term implications for New Zealand’s societal, cultural, economic, and environmental well-being.

16

Hagemann, S., C. Chen, D. B. Clark, S. Folwell, S. N. Gosling, I. Haddeland, N. Hanasaki et al. „Climate change impact on available water resources obtained using multiple global climate and hydrology models“. Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, Nr. 2 (04.12.2012): 1321–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-1321-2012.

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to alter the hydrological cycle resulting in large-scale impacts on water availability. However, future climate change impact assessments are highly uncertain. For the first time, multiple global climate (three) and hydrological models (eight) were used to systematically assess the hydrological response to climate change and project the future state of global water resources. The results show a large spread in projected changes in water resources within the climate–hydrology modelling chain for some regions. They clearly demonstrate that climate models are not the only source of uncertainty for hydrological change. But there are also areas showing a robust change signal, such as at high latitudes and in some mid-latitude regions, where the models agree on the sign of projected hydrological changes, indicative of higher confidence. In many catchments an increase of available water resources is expected but there are some severe decreases in central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, the Mississippi river basin, Southern Africa, Southern China and south eastern Australia.

17

Robertson, Dale M., und William J. Rose. „Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change“. Journal of Water and Climate Change 2, Nr. 1 (01.03.2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2011.026.

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To determine how climate-induced changes in hydrology and water level may affect the trophic state (productivity) of stratified lakes, two relatively pristine dimictic temperate lakes in Wisconsin, USA, were examined. Both are closed-basin lakes that experience changes in water level and degradation in water quality during periods of high water. One, a seepage lake with no inlets or outlets, has a small drainage basin and hydrology dominated by precipitation and groundwater exchange causing small changes in water and phosphorus (P) loading, which resulted in small changes in water level, P concentrations, and productivity. The other, a terminal lake with inlets but no outlets, has a large drainage basin and hydrology dominated by runoff causing large changes in water and P loading, which resulted in large changes in water level, P concentrations, and productivity. Eutrophication models accurately predicted the effects of changes in hydrology, P loading, and water level on their trophic state. If climate changes, larger changes in hydrology and water levels than previously observed could occur. If this causes increased water and P loading, stratified (dimictic and monomictic) lakes are expected to experience higher water levels and become more eutrophic, especially those with large developed drainage basins.

18

Aygün, Okan, Christophe Kinnard und Stéphane Campeau. „Impacts of climate change on the hydrology of northern midlatitude cold regions“. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 44, Nr. 3 (11.10.2019): 338–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319878123.

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Cold region hydrology is conditioned by distinct cryospheric and hydrological processes. While snowmelt is the main contributor to both surface and subsurface flows, seasonally frozen soil also influences the partition of meltwater and rain between these flows. Cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes have been shown to be sensitive to climate change. Assessing the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of this region is therefore crucial, as it supports a significant amount of population relying on hydrological services and subjected to changing hydrological risks. We present an exhaustive review of the literature on historical and projected future changes on cold region hydrology in response to climate change. Changes in snow, soil, and streamflow key metrics were investigated and summarized at the hemispheric scale, down to the basin scale. We found substantial evidence of both historical and projected changes in the reviewed hydrological metrics. These metrics were shown to display different sensitivities to climate change, depending on the cold season temperature regime of a given region. Given the historical and projected future warming during the 21st century, the most drastic changes were found to be occurring over regions with near-freezing air temperatures. Colder regions, on the other hand, were found to be comparatively less sensitive to climate change. The complex interactions between the snow and soil metrics resulted in either colder or warmer soils, which led to increasing or decreasing frost depths, influencing the partitioning rates between the surface and subsurface flows. The most consistent and salient hydrological responses to both historical and projected climate change were an earlier occurrence of snowmelt floods, an overall increase in water availability and streamflow during winter, and a decrease in water availability and streamflow during the warm season, which calls for renewed assessments of existing water supply and flood risk management strategies.

19

Flint, Lorraine E., und Alicia Torregrosa. „Evaluating Hydrological Responses to Climate Change“. Water 12, Nr. 6 (12.06.2020): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061691.

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This Special Issue of the journal Water, “The Evaluation of Hydrologic Response to Climate Change”, is intended to explore the various impacts of climate change on hydrology. Using a selection of approaches, including field observations and hydrological modeling; investigations, including changing habitats and influences on organisms; modeling of water supply and impacts on landscapes; and the response of varying components of the hydrological cycle, the Issue has published nine articles from multi-institution, often multicountry collaborations that assess these changes in locations around the world, including China, Korea, Russia, Pakistan, Cambodia, United Kingdom, and Brazil.

20

Chen, Jie, François P. Brissette, Pan Liu und Jun Xia. „Using raw regional climate model outputs for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology“. Hydrological Processes 31, Nr. 24 (26.10.2017): 4398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11368.

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21

Sangelantoni, Lorenzo, Barbara Tomassetti, Valentina Colaiuda, Annalina Lombardi, Marco Verdecchia, Rossella Ferretti und Gianluca Redaelli. „On the Use of Original and Bias-Corrected Climate Simulations in Regional-Scale Hydrological Scenarios in the Mediterranean Basin“. Atmosphere 10, Nr. 12 (10.12.2019): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120799.

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The response of Mediterranean small catchments hydrology to climate change is still relatively unexplored. Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are an established tool for evaluating the expected climate change impact on hydrology. Due to the relatively low resolution and systematic errors, RCM outputs are routinely and statistically post-processed before being used in impact studies. Nevertheless, these techniques can impact the original simulated trends and then impact model results. In this work, we characterize future changes of a small Apennines (Central Italy) catchment hydrology, according to two radiative forcing scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs, 4.5 and 8.5). We also investigate the impact of a widely used bias correction technique, the empirical Quantile Mapping (QM) on the original Climate Change Signal (CCS), and the subsequent alteration of the original Hydrological Change Signal (HCS). Original and bias-corrected simulations of five RCMs from Euro-CORDEX are used to drive the CETEMPS hydrological model CHyM. HCS is assessed by using monthly mean discharge and a hydrological-stress index. HCS shows a large spatial and seasonal variability where the summer results are affected by the largest decrease of mean discharge (down to −50%). QM produces a small alteration of the original CCS, which generates a generally wetter HCS, especially during the spring season.

22

Valeo, Caterina, Jianxun He und Kasiapillai S. Kasiviswanathan. „Urbanization under a Changing Climate–Impacts on Hydrology“. Water 13, Nr. 4 (03.02.2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040393.

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23

Jamali, Saeed, Ahmad Abrishamchi, Miguel A. Marino und Aida Abbasnia. „Climate change impact assessment on hydrology of Karkheh Basin, Iran“. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 166, Nr. 2 (Februar 2013): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.11.00034.

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24

MEHROTRA, DIVYA, und R. MEHROTRA. „Climate change and hydrology with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent“. Hydrological Sciences Journal 40, Nr. 2 (April 1995): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626669509491406.

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25

Pumo, D., E. Arnone, A. Francipane, D. Caracciolo und L. V. Noto. „Potential implications of climate change and urbanization on watershed hydrology“. Journal of Hydrology 554 (November 2017): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.002.

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26

Stadnyk, Tricia, und Stephen Déry. „Canadian Continental-Scale Hydrology under a Changing Climate: A Review“. Water 13, Nr. 7 (26.03.2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070906.

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Canada, like other high latitude cold regions on Earth, is experiencing some of the most accelerated and intense warming resulting from global climate change. In the northern regions, Arctic amplification has resulted in warming two to three times greater than global mean temperature trends. Unprecedented warming is matched by intensification of wet and dry regions and hydroclimatic cycles, which is altering the spatial and seasonal distribution of surface waters in Canada. Diagnosing and tracking hydrologic change across Canada requires the implementation of continental-scale prediction models owing the size of Canada’s drainage basins, their distribution across multiple eco- and climatic zones, and the scarcity and paucity of observational networks. This review examines the current state of continental-scale climate change across Canada and the anticipated impacts to freshwater availability, including the role of anthropogenic regulation. The review focuses on continental and regional-scale prediction that underpins operational design and long-term resource planning and management in Canada. While there are significant process-based changes being experienced within Canadian catchments that are equally—if not more so—critical for community water availability, the focus of this review is on the cumulative effects of climate change and anthropogenic regulation for the Canadian freshwater supply.

27

Wilby, R. L. „Greenhouse hydrology“. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900304.

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Hydrological processes are an integral component of both global climate change arising from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and the assessment of subsequent terrestrial impacts. This article examines the potential sensivity of water resources in the UK to climatic change as exemplified by the 1988-92 drought. The representation of hydrological processes at three distinct model scales is then discussed with reference to global hydrology, regional downscaling and catchment-scale responses. A final section speculates on future directions of research for an emerging greenhouse hydrology.

28

Lauri, H., H. de Moel, P. J. Ward, T. A. Räsänen, M. Keskinen und M. Kummu. „Future changes in Mekong River hydrology: impact of climate change and reservoir operation on discharge“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, Nr. 5 (25.05.2012): 6569–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-6569-2012.

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Abstract. The transboundary Mekong River is facing two on-going changes that are estimated to significantly impact its hydrology and the characteristics of its exceptional flood pulse. The rapid economic development of the riparian countries has led to massive plans for hydropower construction, and the projected climate change is expected to alter the monsoon patterns and increase temperature in the basin. The aim of this study is to assess the cumulative impact of these factors on the hydrology of the Mekong within next 20–30 yr. We downscaled output of five General Circulation Models (GCMs) that were found to perform well in the Mekong region. For the simulation of reservoir operation, we used an optimisation approach to estimate the operation of multiple reservoirs, including both existing and planned hydropower reservoirs. For hydrological assessment, we used a distributed hydrological model, VMod, with a grid resolution of 5 km × 5 km. In terms of climate change's impact to hydrology, we found a high variation in the discharge results depending on which of the GCMs is used as input. The simulated change in discharge at Kratie (Cambodia) between the baseline (1982–1992) and projected time period (2032–2042) ranges from −11% to +15% for the wet season and −10% to +13% for the dry season. Our analysis also shows that the changes in discharge due to planned reservoir operations are clearly larger than those simulated due to climate change: 25–160% higher dry season flows and 5–24% lower flood peaks in Kratie. The projected cumulative impacts follow rather closely the reservoir operation impacts, with an envelope around them induced by the different GCMs. Our results thus indicate that within the coming 20–30 yr, the operation of planned hydropower reservoirs is likely to have a larger impact on the Mekong hydrograph than the impacts of climate change, particularly during the dry season. On the other hand, climate change will increase the uncertainty of the estimated hydropower impacts. Consequently, both dam planners and dam operators should pay better attention to the cumulative impacts of climate change and reservoir operation to the aquatic ecosystems, including the multibillion-dollar Mekong fisheries.

29

Chen, Jie, François P. Brissette, Xunchang J. Zhang, Hua Chen, Shenglian Guo und Yan Zhao. „Bias correcting climate model multi-member ensembles to assess climate change impacts on hydrology“. Climatic Change 153, Nr. 3 (25.02.2019): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02393-x.

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30

Speich, Matthias J. R., Massimiliano Zappa, Marc Scherstjanoi und Heike Lischke. „FORests and HYdrology under Climate Change in Switzerland v1.0: a spatially distributed model combining hydrology and forest dynamics“. Geoscientific Model Development 13, Nr. 2 (11.02.2020): 537–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-537-2020.

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Abstract. We present FORHYCS (FORests and HYdrology under Climate Change in Switzerland), a distributed ecohydrological model to assess the impact of climate change on water resources and forest dynamics. FORHYCS is based on the coupling of the hydrological model PREVAH and the forest landscape model TreeMig. In a coupled simulation, both original models are executed simultaneously and exchange information through shared variables. The simulated canopy structure is summarized by the leaf area index (LAI), which affects local water balance calculations. On the other hand, an annual drought index is obtained from daily simulated potential and actual transpiration. This drought index affects tree growth and mortality, as well as a species-specific tree height limitation. The effective rooting depth is simulated as a function of climate, soil, and simulated above-ground vegetation structure. Other interface variables include stomatal resistance and leaf phenology. Case study simulations with the model were performed in the Navizence catchment in the Swiss Central Alps, with a sharp elevational gradient and climatic conditions ranging from dry inner-alpine to high alpine. In a first experiment, the model was run for 500 years with different configurations. The results were compared against observations of vegetation properties from national forest inventories, remotely sensed LAI, and high-resolution canopy height maps from stereo aerial images. Two new metrics are proposed for a quantitative comparison of observed and simulated canopy structure. In a second experiment, the model was run for 130 years under climate change scenarios using both idealized temperature and precipitation change and meteorological forcing from downscaled GCM-RCM model chains. The first experiment showed that model configuration greatly influences simulated vegetation structure. In particular, simulations where height limitation was dependent on environmental stress showed a much better fit to canopy height observations. Spatial patterns of simulated LAI were more realistic than for uncoupled simulations of the forest landscape model, although some model deficiencies are still evident. Under idealized climate change scenarios, the effect of the coupling varied regionally, with the greatest effects on simulated streamflow (up to 60 mm yr−1 difference with respect to a simulation with static vegetation parameters) seen at the valley bottom and in regions currently above the treeline. This case study shows the importance of coupling hydrology and vegetation dynamics to simulate the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Nevertheless, it also highlights some challenges of ecohydrological modeling, such as the need to realistically simulate the plant response to increased CO2 concentrations and process uncertainty regarding future land cover changes.

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Lauri, H., H. de Moel, P. J. Ward, T. A. Räsänen, M. Keskinen und M. Kummu. „Future changes in Mekong River hydrology: impact of climate change and reservoir operation on discharge“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, Nr. 12 (05.12.2012): 4603–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4603-2012.

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Abstract. The transboundary Mekong River is facing two ongoing changes that are expected to significantly impact its hydrology and the characteristics of its exceptional flood pulse. The rapid economic development of the riparian countries has led to massive plans for hydropower construction, and projected climate change is expected to alter the monsoon patterns and increase temperature in the basin. The aim of this study is to assess the cumulative impact of these factors on the hydrology of the Mekong within next 20–30 yr. We downscaled the output of five general circulation models (GCMs) that were found to perform well in the Mekong region. For the simulation of reservoir operation, we used an optimisation approach to estimate the operation of multiple reservoirs, including both existing and planned hydropower reservoirs. For the hydrological assessment, we used a distributed hydrological model, VMod, with a grid resolution of 5 km × 5 km. In terms of climate change's impact on hydrology, we found a high variation in the discharge results depending on which of the GCMs is used as input. The simulated change in discharge at Kratie (Cambodia) between the baseline (1982–1992) and projected time period (2032–2042) ranges from −11% to &plus;15% for the wet season and −10% to &plus;13% for the dry season. Our analysis also shows that the changes in discharge due to planned reservoir operations are clearly larger than those simulated due to climate change: 25–160% higher dry season flows and 5–24% lower flood peaks in Kratie. The projected cumulative impacts follow rather closely the reservoir operation impacts, with an envelope around them induced by the different GCMs. Our results thus indicate that within the coming 20–30 yr, the operation of planned hydropower reservoirs is likely to have a larger impact on the Mekong hydrograph than the impacts of climate change, particularly during the dry season. On the other hand, climate change will increase the uncertainty of the estimated reservoir operation impacts: our results indicate that even the direction of the flow-related changes induced by climate change is partly unclear. Consequently, both dam planners and dam operators should pay closer attention to the cumulative impacts of climate change and reservoir operation on aquatic ecosystems, including the multibillion-dollar Mekong fisheries.

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Yuan, Fei, Liliang Ren, Zhongbo Yu, Yonghua Zhu, Jing Xu und Xiuqin Fang. „Potential natural vegetation dynamics driven by future long-term climate change and its hydrological impacts in the Hanjiang River basin, China“. Hydrology Research 43, Nr. 1-2 (01.02.2012): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2011.111.

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Vegetation and land-surface hydrology are intrinsically linked under long-term climate change. This paper aims to evaluate the dynamics of potential natural vegetation arising from 21st century climate change and its possible impact on the water budget of the Hanjiang River basin in China. Based on predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC-SRES) A1 scenario from the PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) regional climate model, changes in plant functional types (PFTs) and leaf area index (LAI) were simulated via the Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model. Subsequently, predicted PFTs and LAIs were employed in the Xinanjiang vegetation-hydrology model for rainfall–runoff simulations. Results reveal that future long-term changes in precipitation, air temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration would remarkably affect the spatiotemporal distribution of PFTs and LAIs. These climate-driven vegetation changes would further influence regional water balance. With the decrease in forest cover in the 21st century, plant transpiration and evaporative loss of intercepted canopy water will tend to fall while soil evaporation may rise considerably. As a result, total evapotranspiration may increase moderately with a slight increase in annual runoff depth. This indicates that, for long-term hydrological prediction, climate-induced changes in terrestrial vegetation cannot be neglected as the terrestrial biosphere plays an important role in land-surface hydrological responses.

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Keim, Richard F., und J. Blake Amos. „Dendrochronological analysis of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) responses to climate and contrasting flood regimes“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, Nr. 3 (März 2012): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-001.

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Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) has been used extensively for dendrochronological reconstruction of climate and is a key species in globally important wetlands with complex, poorly understood relationships between hydrological and ecological processes. To better understand ecosystem responses to changing climate and hydrology and to test whether hydrological or climatological variables are most reflected in chronologies, we developed tree-ring chronologies for six stagnant or riverine swamps in the Mississippi River deltaic plain and modeled growth responses to historical hydrology (51 years of data) and climate (111 years of data). Decoupled flooding and local climate in this deltaic setting allowed for relatively independent assessments of the roles of hydrology and climate in baldcypress growth. Depth of annual flooding was positively correlated with growth that year but negatively correlated with growth in the ensuing year for both riverine and stagnant swamps. Depth of 10-year mean flooding was positively correlated with growth in riverine swamps but negatively correlated with growth in stagnant swamps. Results corroborate previous findings that long-term, stagnant flooding reduces productivity, but growth at these deltaic sites was less correlated with climatic variables than elsewhere. At least in these frequently flooded sites, baldcypress tree rings appear to be a better long term record of hydrological history than of climatic history.

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Blair, Anne, und Denise Sanger. „Climate Change and Watershed Hydrology—Heavier Precipitation Influence on Stormwater Runoff“. Geosciences 6, Nr. 3 (18.07.2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences6030034.

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Garba, Haruna, Abubakar Ismail, Rabia Lawal Batagarawa, Saminu Ahmed, Abdullahi Ibrahim und Faustinus Bayang. „Climate Change Impact on Sub-Surface Hydrology of Kaduna River Catchment“. Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 03, Nr. 03 (2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmh.2013.33015.

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Wong, Kaufui V., und Craig Lennon. „Innovations Related to Hydrology in Response to Climate Change – A Review“. Open Hydrology Journal 9, Nr. 1 (26.06.2015): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874378101509010017.

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Brock, B. W. „Remote sensing in snow hydrology: runoff modelling, effect of climate change“. Photogrammetric Record 21, Nr. 113 (März 2006): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2006.00359_1.x.

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Ferguson, Ian M., und Reed M. Maxwell. „Human impacts on terrestrial hydrology: climate change versus pumping and irrigation“. Environmental Research Letters 7, Nr. 4 (31.10.2012): 044022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044022.

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Garfin, Gregg, Nancy Lee, Victor Magaña, Ronald Stewart, J. Terry Rolfe und Jamie McEvoy. „CHANGE: Climate and Hydrology Academic Network for Governance and the Environment“. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, Nr. 8 (01.08.2011): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010bams2927.1.

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Boyer, Claudine, Diane Chaumont, Isabelle Chartier und André G. Roy. „Impact of climate change on the hydrology of St. Lawrence tributaries“. Journal of Hydrology 384, Nr. 1-2 (April 2010): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.01.011.

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Michel, Matt J., Huicheng Chien, Collin E. Beachum, Micah G. Bennett und Jason H. Knouft. „Climate change, hydrology, and fish morphology: predictions using phenotype-environment associations“. Climatic Change 140, Nr. 3-4 (21.11.2016): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1856-1.

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Singh, Umesh Kumar, und Balwant Kumar. „Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of Indian River basin“. Current World Environment 13, Nr. 1 (20.04.2018): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.1.04.

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Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission is altering the global hydrological cycle due to change in rainfall pattern and rising temperature which is responsible for alteration in the physical characteristics of river basin, melting of ice, drought, flood, extreme weather events and alteration in groundwater recharge. In India, water demand for domestic, industrial and agriculture purposes have already increased many folds which are also influencing the water resource system. In addition, climate change has induced the surface temperature of the Indian subcontinent by 0.48 ºC in just last century. However, Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basins have great importance for their exceptional hydro-geological settings and deltaic floodplain wetland ecosystems which support 700 million people in Asia. The climatic variability like alterations in precipitation and temperature over GBM river basins has been observed which signifies the GBM as one of the most vulnerable areas in the world under the potential impact of climate change. Consequently, alteration in river discharge, higher runoff generation, low groundwater recharge and melting of glaciers over GBM river basin could be observed in near future. The consequence of these changes due to climate change over GBM basin may create serious water problem for Indian sub-continents. This paper reviews the literature on the historical climate variations and how climate change affects the hydrological characteristics of different river basins.

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Barron, E. „EOS science priorities for physical climate and hydrology: key measurements“. Global and Planetary Change 7, Nr. 4 (Juni 1993): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(93)90001-5.

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Bucşe, Ionela Gabriela, Olimpia Ghermec und Mariana Ciobanu. „Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in Mehedinţi County - Case Study“. Advanced Engineering Forum 34 (Oktober 2019): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.34.215.

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The increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases results in climate changes which cause the rise of sea level and an increased frequency of extreme climatic events including intense storms, heavy rainfall and droughts. There is a lower consensus on the magnitude of changes in climate variables, but several studies show that climate change has an impact on the availability and demand for water resources. Major rivers worldwide have experienced dramatic changes in flow, reducing their natural ability to adjust to and absorb disturbances. Given expected changes in global climate and water needs, this may create serious problems, including loss of native biodiversity and risks to ecosystems and humans from increased flooding or water shortages. This document analyzes the potential impact of climate change on water resources in Romania, Mehedinți County. The work ends with quantitative assessments of the effects of climate change on hydrology for a part of the Mehedinți County basins.

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Peel, Murray C. „Hydrology: catchment vegetation and runoff“. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, Nr. 6 (12.10.2009): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309350122.

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The interactions between catchment vegetation and runoff continue to be a staple area of hydrological research. Drawing mainly upon material published since 2002, this report briefly reviews progress in this area with specific reference to: (1) paired and single catchment studies; (2) top-down models; and (3) the likely impact of climate change. Results from a wider range of paired and single catchments studies are revealing the complex relationship between catchment vegetation and runoff and prompting a reassessment of the methodologies used to generalize this relationship. Vegetation appears to have a significant influence on runoff at small scales, which reduces to a second-order influence, relative to aridity, at larger scales. Top-down models of catchment behaviour generally reflect this second-order influence at the large scale. As vegetation responds to CO2 enrichment under climate change, the magnitude and direction of associated changes in runoff remains uncertain. A key element in quantifying the hydrological impact of climate change is the relationship between catchment vegetation and runoff, which continues to be a productive area of research within hydrology.

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Beltaos, Spyros, und Brian C. Burrell. „Climatic change and river ice breakup“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, Nr. 1 (01.02.2003): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-042.

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The flow hydrograph, thickness of the winter ice cover, and stream morphology are three climate-influenced factors that govern river ice processes in general and ice breakup and jamming in particular. Considerable warming and changes in precipitation patterns, as predicted by general circulation models (GCMs) for various increased greenhouse-gas scenarios, would affect the length and duration of the ice season and the timing and severity of ice breakup. Climate-induced changes to river ice processes and the associated hydrologic regimes can produce physical, biological, and socioeconomic effects. Current knowledge of climatic impacts on the ice breakup regime of rivers and the future effects of a changing climate are discussed.Key words: breakup, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, hydrology, ice, ice jam, impacts, prediction, river ice.

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Ehret, U., H. V. Gupta, M. Sivapalan, S. V. Weijs, S. J. Schymanski, G. Blöschl, A. N. Gelfan et al. „Advancing catchment hydrology to deal with predictions under change“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, Nr. 7 (02.07.2013): 8581–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-8581-2013.

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Abstract. Throughout its historical development, hydrology as an engineering discipline and earth science has relied strongly on the assumption of long-term stationary boundary conditions and system configurations, which allowed for simplified and sectoral descriptions of the dynamics of hydrological systems. However, in the face of rapid and extensive global changes (of climate, land use etc.) which affect all parts of the hydrological cycle, the general validity of this assumption appears doubtful. Likewise, so does the application of hydrological concepts based on stationarity to questions of hydrological change. The reason is that transient system behaviours often develop through feedbacks between the system constituents, and with the environment, generating effects that could often be neglected under stationary conditions. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present and discuss paradigms and theories potentially helpful to advancing hydrology towards the goal of understanding and predicting hydrological systems under change. For the sake of brevity we focus on catchment hydrology. We begin with a discussion of the general nature of explanation in hydrology and briefly review the history of catchment hydrology. We then propose and discuss several perspectives on catchments: as complex dynamical systems, self-organizing systems, co-evolving systems and open dissipative thermodynamic systems. We discuss the benefits of comparative hydrology and of taking an information-theoretic view of catchments, including the flow of information from data to models to predictions. In summary, we suggest that the combination of these closely related perspectives can serve as a paradigm for the further development of catchment hydrology to address predictions under change.

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Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W. „Water and Climate – The IPCC TAR Perspective“. Hydrology Research 34, Nr. 5 (01.10.2003): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2003.0013.

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The aim of the present contribution, opening a session on climate change and hydrology at the 2002 Nordic Hydrological Conference in Røros, Norway, is to discuss essential water-related findings of the Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with particular reference to region-specific issues of the Nordic region. Discussion of impacts of climate variability and change embraces both already observed effects and projections for the future. After review of changes in hydrological processes, climate-related impacts on extreme hydrological events – floods and droughts – are outlined. Finally, adaptation and vulnerability are dealt with, including presentation of key water-related regional concerns in various parts of the World.

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Bauwens, A., C. Sohier und A. Degré. „Hydrological response to climate change in the Lesse and the Vesdre catchments: contribution of a physically based model (Wallonia, Belgium)“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, Nr. 6 (06.06.2011): 1745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1745-2011.

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Abstract. The Meuse is an important rain-fed river in North-Western Europe. Nine million people live in its catchment, split over five countries. Projected changes in precipitation and temperature characteristics due to climate change would have a significant impact on the Meuse River and its tributaries. In this study, we focused on the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of two sub-catchments of the Meuse in Belgium, the Lesse and the Vesdre, placing the emphasis on the water-soil-plant continuum in order to highlight the effects of climate change on plant growth, and water uptake on the hydrology of two sub-catchments. These effects were studied using two climate scenarios and a physically based distributed model, which reflects the water-soil-plant continuum. Our results show that the vegetation will evapotranspirate between 10 and 17 % less at the end of the century because of water scarcity in summer, even if the root development is better under climate change conditions. In the low scenario, the mean minimal 7 days discharge value could decrease between 19 and 24 % for a two year return period, and between 20 and 35 % for a fifty year return period. It will lead to rare but severe drought in rivers, with potentially huge consequences on water quality.

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Khadka, A., L. P. Devkota und R. B. Kayastha. „Impact of Climate Change on the Snow Hydrology of Koshi River Basin“. Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology 9, Nr. 1 (30.08.2016): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v9i1.15580.

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Koshi river basin which is one of the largest river basins of Nepal has its headwaters in the northern Himalayan region of the country covered with perennial snow and glaciers. Increased warming due to climate change is most likely to impact snowpack of this Himalayan region. Snowmelt Runoff Model, a degree day based method, was used in this study to assess the snowmelt hydrology of the five sub-basins, viz. Tamor, Arun, Dudhkoshi, Tamakoshi and Sunkoshi of the Koshi river basin, with and without climate change impacts. The model has been fairly able to simulate the flow. Daily bias-corrected RCM data of PRECIS-ECHAM05 and PRECIS-HadCM3 for the period of 2041-2060 were used for future projection. A period of 2000-2008 was set as baseline period to evaluate changes in future flow. In climate change scenarios, magnitude and frequency of peak flows are expected to increase and snowmelt contribution to total river flows are likely to be more. Simulated flow results indicate that the annual flow would still be governed by monsoon flow even in the future under the climate change impact. A high probability of having more flows and snowmelt in 50’s decade than that in 40’s decade is seen. The estimated future flow by ECHAM05 is found more than those estimated by HadCM3 both seasonally and annually.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 9(1) 2015, p.28-44