Dissertationen zum Thema „Immigrés – Pays en développement“
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Roton, Armelle de. „Migrants et politiques de développement : Le cas des migrants originaires du Maghreb et des pays du bassin du fleuve Sénégal“. Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNaseem, Muhammad. „The Role of FDI and Migrant Remittances in Economic Growth : An Empirical Analysis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis contributes to the literature on the impact of external financial inflows on economic growth. Chapter 2 studies the impact of FDI and migrant remittances on economic growth in a sample of developing countries to empirically explore the combined impact of remittances and FDI on economic growth. Additionally, identifying transmission channels through which they can impact economic growth. In this respect, we investigate the impact of FDI and migrant remittances on economic growth and introduce the interaction of FDI and remittances. Moreover, total factor productivity (TFP) is used as a transmission channel to investigate productivity growth in recipient economies. The increase in TFP can result from technology spillovers from foreign companies that bring in advanced production techniques and knowledge, which can enhance the productive capacity of domestic firms. At the same time, remittances can influence TFP through their effects on investment in physical and human capital and innovation in recipient countries. Therefore, TFP is a helpful transmission channel to analyze the impact of FDI and remittances on economic growth in developing countries. By doing so, a more comprehensive understanding of how FDI and remittances affect economic growth in developing countries can be achieved. These results indicate a strong complementarity between these two financial inflows in promoting productivity growth in recipient economies. In other words, when FDI and migrant remittances work together, they have a significantly more positive impact on TFP than when they work separately.Chapter 3 draws on the role of remittances on economic complexity to help improve understanding of the economic effects of remittances and inform policies and interventions aimed at leveraging remittances to promote economic transformation and diversification. The empirical analysis reveals that the interaction of remittances and education is positively associated with economic complexity. Specifically, we find that the positive effect of migrant remittances on economic complexity is amplified in the presence of higher education levels. These findings suggest that while migrant remittances may not necessarily lead to economic complexity on their own, they can contribute to it when combined with higher levels of education. Our study sheds light on the potential role of education in maximizing the positive impact of remittances on economic development. The results of this study carry significant implications for policymakers and highlight the need for a more nuanced approach to understanding the impact of remittances on economic development.Chapter 4 analyzes the role of sectoral-level greenfield FDI on economic growth in developing and developed economies. In our analysis, we use the data of greenfield FDI at aggregated and sector-level to check their impact on economic growth. Using 2SLS regression analysis, we find that the overall impact of greenfield FDI on economic growth is positive and statistically significant. Moreover, at the sector level, the manufacturing sector is the main driver in stimulating the economy. The positive impact of manufacturing greenfield FDI on economic growth can be attributed to various factors, such as the transfer of technology, increased competition, job creation, and increased productivity. These factors can help to spur innovation, enhance efficiency, and ultimately increase output in the manufacturing sector. A key policy implication of our findings is that greenfield FDI directed towards the manufacturing sector is more helpful in bringing economic development and increasing overall welfare. Although, a favorable political and social environment is required for productive investment. Moreover, a well-developed institutional framework and enabling environment are necessary to ripe the benefits of FDI
Renaud, Thomas. „Action sanitaire et changement social dans un pays en voie de développement : Le cas du Sénégal“. Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe sanitary situation in Africa is the aim of a lot of actions. One of the successes in prevention and sanitary education is the exemple of the catholic private dispensaries in Senegal. By studying health as a complicated element of a cultural system, we show that , behind the proper qualities of theses dispensaries, we must look for the conditions of the sanitary behaviouring change in the transformation of the interaction system of the designed social group. This transformation is the product of foreign constraining elements and inner elements of the system. The emigrated workers'situation is a good picture of it. By the comparative studying of two ethnic groups of economical immigrated people in France, we tend to show that sanitary education is subjected to complicated sociological mechanisms, especially in acculturation, and that it cannot be alone, mover of change in its sphere
Mohamed, Youssouf. „Parcours migratoire, mobilisation transnationale et efforts de développement villageois aux Comores - Les migrants et leurs descendants à l’épreuve de l’engagement solidaire“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the northern entrance to the Mozambique Channel, the Comoros archipelago’s four islands – Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli and Mayotte – are situated between Madagascar and Mozambique. Until the first half of the 19th century, the islands of this archipelago of the Southwest Indian Ocean shared a tragic common destiny, being exposed to the conflicts of fighting sultans and looting by Malagasy pirates. The consequences of these abuses were the impoverishment of the archipelago and the deportation of men out of the Comoros. Since Mayotte was ceded to France in 1841, Franco-British rivalries in the Indian Ocean allowed the other three islands of the archipelago to remain more or less independent.This thesis analyzes the factors at the origin of the different waves of Comorian migration in the Southwest Indian Ocean since the second half of the 19th century, as well as their consequences, based on archives documents, literature and some testimonies. Towards the end of the 19th century, the arrival of western planters, followed by the signing of conventions and commercial agreements with the sultans, disinherited the Comorian peasants from their lands. The protectorate agreements with France from 1886 onwards exacerbated the vulnerability of the peasants by attributing remaining lands to the colonial societies. Dispossessed and hungry, many Comorians’ only choices were slave labor or exile. With the arrival of maritime couriers in the Indian Ocean, many Comorians fleeing misery chose to settle in Zanzibar, Madagascar and Reunion island. Later, in Zanzibar, the Okello revolution of 1964 led to Comorian migratory surges on the island, and twelve years later, in 1975, those settled in Madagascar were ultimately victims of the massacres perpetrated against them in Majunga. These two events marked the end of Comorian migration in the sub-region.Additionally, the migration of Comorians to France in the 1970s, a consequence of the bloody events that occurred in the Indian Ocean, are subsequently discussed. The development of this new migration, its mode of organization and the migrants’ relationship to the country of origin are broadly analyzed. For this, we relied on directed and semi-directed interviews, participant observation, as well as on existing literature. Today, a quarter of all Comorians live in France and Marseille, welcoming more Comorians than Moroni, the capital of Comoros. The Comorian diaspora in France keeps very strong links with the country of origin, it is one of the most active in sub-Saharan Africa both in terms of social associations and in terms of remittances. This diaspora is by far the largest funder of the Comoros. Village development is supported by migrants through their association structures and every village in the Comoros has its migrant associations in France. The current migration policy in France is generating drip-feed entries at a time when the first generation of migrants is gradually weakening and fading. From now on, the exchanges with the village will rest on the descendants of migrants who alone will decide to maintain or abandon these ties
Baudet-Caille, Véronique. „Le retour du travailleur étranger dans son pays d'origine : politiques nationales et négociations internationales“. Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the seventy's crisis, in all common market countries, the aspects of the immigration policy tends to be the foreign workers momecoming. The main purpose of such a policy is to unblock the labor market, mainly composed of unskilled. The homecoming policy isn't only authorities' privilege. Different private organizations are favorable to reintegration within the scope of developing aids. All they do is based on partnership with the morkers and their countries. Thus, those public initiatives haven't reached their quantitative aims. The foreign morkers come back home either when they retire or when they don't succed. That's how only private initiatives play a promissing part in reintegration policy
Beduschi, Ana. „La garantie par l'Union européenne des droits sociaux fondamentaux des ressortissants de pays tiers“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThird-country nationals have become veritable subjects of the EU Law. Nevertheless, their protection is fragmented by the increasing categorization of their status, in consequence of their fact and juridical situation. The emergence of a common standard of protection of fundamental social rights based on the EU regulations and policies may be however noted. Thus the coordination of social security systems applies explicitly to the regular staying third-country nationals. EU social regulations and directives also apply to those persons when the nationality condition is not specified. The same situation is also considered on the non-discrimination principle field. Then, this common standard of protection can offers a base to the development of a social status that is an attribute of the social citizenship, materialized by the social participation in the community. This social status could come itself the foundation of the construction of a truly European status dedicated to the regular staying third-country nationals. It could contribute to the realization of the European Council Tampere's objective to give a fair treatment to those persons. It could also contribute to the reinforcement of their integration at the member States community. It consists in a social integration, by the practice of fundamental social rights like working, funding social security, or getting involved with trade unions representation
Mercier, Marion. „Migration, development and politics in the homeland“. Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis tackles the effects of migration on the political economy of development in the homeland. The first part of the thesis is based on a case study of Mali. In Chapter 1, we explore the impact of return migrants on political behaviors, and put forward the existence of transfers of electoral norms from Malian returnees toward non-migrants. Chapter 2 focuses on monetary transfers sent collectively by migrants through hometown associations, and shows that the provision of local public goods has increased relatively more rapidly in the Malian villages which have been targeted, since the 1990s, by hometown associations settled in France. The second part of the thesis leaves the Malian soil and adopts a more macro-economic approach. In Chapter 3, we study the migration background of political leaders, and find that, between 1960 and 2004, developing countries headed by foreign-educated leaders reached higher average levels of democracy. Last, Chapter 4 presents a theoretical model that analyzes the effect of a diaspora on civil war in the homeland, and the circumstances under which diasporas can fuel violence or promote peacebuilding. The thesis thus highlights four mechanisms through which migration can affect local political economy and opens numerous new research questions. It also emphasizes the importance of adopting different approaches, based on both theoretical and empirical tools, and of implementing innovative methodologies and data collection devices in order to investigate these questions
Ukrayinchuk, Nadiya. „La localisation des personnes d'origine étrangère dans les pays d'accueil“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms guiding the residential choices of immigrants, especially those leading to geographical concentrations inside host countries. The thesis is rooted in recently developed theoretical and empirical advances in many fields, in particular the spatial analysis methods. This work followed three main objectives. Firstly, a consistent and sound theoretical framework has been coherently developed to conduct such an analysis. To do so, 1 synthesized results on migration, even though they did not have explicitly analyzed immigrants' location problems, from economics and related fields, in particular sociology. Secondly, 1 developed an applied comparative study of the location choices of immigrants in three European countries (France, Switzerland, and Italy) using spatial methods. ln general, the results confirm the existence of network effects in immigrants' location patterns. The results of the econometric estimations show however, that the theoretical assumption that economic factors fundamentally explain an immigrant's location decision does not prevail empirically. It is also worth noting that the model gives to local characteristics a significant role in the residential decisions of immigrants. Finally, 1 studied the economic performance of immigrants located in ethnically concentrated areas and addressed the role of ethnic employment
Rakotomalala, Arilantovao Jean Bruno. „L'indépendance financière des Pays en développement“. Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe knowledge of the nature, the evolution and the financial independence statement of the developing countries constitute an analysis tool to project the future economic policies and to plan the various axes of economic orientation in sync with the existing local and international context. How and in what measure does the financial independence exist ? Can we draw up a global typology of the developing countries by their financial independence level ? The object of this article is to treat these questions by highlighting the configuration of financial reports between United Nations and the other actors of the economy of the developing countries focusing the analysis on the two approaches of financial independence that are rhe flow approach and monetary approach. The first part will be dedicated to a positive analysis of the financial independence and is particularly interested in his reality. The second part will be dedicated on the normative analysis by trying to see the existence or not of a level of desirable financial independence
Salmi, Merzouk. „Le retour définitif des immigrés algériens et leur réinsertion dans le pays d'origine“. Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMama, Touna. „L'endettement supportable pour un pays en développement“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaillacar, Reeve Rodrigo. „Économies d'agglomération dans les pays en développement“. Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450673.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNaoussi, Defonkou Claude Francis. „Croissance et cycles des pays en développement“. Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9d0be975-e676-49de-bd02-fbf2eeecbce8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe economies of developing countries are characterized by a great poverty and a strong macroeconomic instability, costly in terms of welfare and susceptible to participate in the weak growth of these economies. The objective of this thesis, which is consisting of four chapters, is to examine this macroeconomic instability by the means of the modeling in dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium. In the first chapter, we present a review of the literature on dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium models applied on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The second chapter presents a comparative analysis of the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations depending on the level of economic development. The estimation of a small open economy model for a set of developed, emerging and developing economies shows that the weight of trend shocks is higher in sub-Saharan Africa countries and is significantly correlated with the level of income, the quality of institutions and the size of the credit sector. The third chapter is devoted to the role of oil revenues in the business cycle of Cameroon. Calibration of a bisectorial model, where oil revenues act as an exogenous transfer of tradable goods, shows that these revenues play an important role in the business cycle and are the cause of the phenomenon of "dutch disease". The fourth chapter by the means of econometrics of panel data, studies the dynamic relationships between governance and growth. In contrast with the results obtained in cross section, estimations in panel data show a weak effect of governance on growth over the last fifteen years
Mbaye, Linguère Mously. „Essays on the Economics of Migration from Developing Countries“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10420.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study through four essays the economics of migration from developing countries. The first chapter assesses the effect of natural disasters (mainly due to climate change), in developing countries, on migration rates and looks at how this effect varies according to the level of education of people. Our results show that natural disasters are positively associated with emigration rates and also involve the migration of highly skilled people. The second chapter presents the different channels explaining the intention to migrate illegally. One of the novelties of the analysis is that it uses a tailor-Made survey among urban Senegalese individuals. We find that potential illegal migrants are willing to accept a substantial risk of death and tend to be young, single and with a low level of education. We also show that the price of illegal migration, migrant networks, high expectations, tight immigration policies and the preferred destination country all play a role in the willingness to migrate illegally. The third chapter completes the second one by studying the role of risk-Aversion and discount rate in illegal migration from Senegal. Our results show that these individual preferences matter in the willingness to migrate illegally and to pay a smuggler. Finally in the fourth chapter, we are interested in the effect of migrants on credit markets in a rural Senegalese context. According to our results, having a migrant in a household increases both the likelihood of having a loan and its size, whether the loan is formal or informal. We also find that this positive effect remains significant no matter if the loan is taken for professional activities or simply to buy food
Ghazouani, Semia. „Les télévisions arabophones et leurs impacts sur les immigrés : cas de la chaîne tunisienne TV7“. Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaillacar, Rodrigo. „Les économies d'agglomérations dans les pays en développement“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450673.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenamara, Lakhdar. „Conception d’éléments de toiture pour pays en développement“. Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe appropriate roofing materials are a great problem in developing countries. Materials like asbestos-cement, steel-sheets; or tiles set problems because of their price and a bad utilization by the majority of people. The aim of this work _is to prepare an economical material for tile production. A mixture of 50% laterite and 50% Portland cement is autoclaved during 24 hours at 130°C. This objective therefore obtained. If elements contain or not sisal fibres, the flexural strengths reach from 7 to 10 MPa. All lime produced by cement hydration is consumed by laterite to produce tobermorite and hydrogarnets; thus the capillary absorption and the permeability are very low. The absence of residual lime guarantees the tint stability
Noumen, Robert. „Développement coopératif et transformation sociale en pays Bamileké“. Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe country of the bamileke is an environment where two organizations of domestic economy co-exist and interpenetrate. - The first, rising from the bare, develops in the network of traditional solidarity. It is more a community than an organization and has difficulty in evolving into a more structured economy. - the second, coming down from the top, is an outside organization which, in the context of bamileke, finds that its mode of management does not permit it to attain the levels of efficiency and competence necessary for functioning smoothly. This is why it would be useful, in the framework of an authentic regional development, to look to the establishment of new structures which would soften the conflict between different ways of thinking, thus making more harmonious - the passage from community to economic organization - the passage from solidarity to high turnover
Biko, Recxon Kabuasa. „L'insertion des pays en développement dans les blocs comme approche de développement face au nouveau contexte : le cas des pays Andins“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0025/MQ52285.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYatera, Samba. „Migration et développement dans la région du fleuve Sénégal. : le rôle des associations d'immigrés mauritaniens“. Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE2020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe african immigrants' specificity is not only in their capacity to put by to help their families who stay in their village. Now immigrants don't privilege symbolic actions which is quite useless to development. We can notice, because of the mobilisation of collective identityn that the immigrants introduce in their village a socio-economic transformation process. To face up to the disengagement state in several sectors, they have built schools, welfare centres. To go in search of partners is also becoming leaders associations' target. These one can, with certains o. N. G. , invest with productive sectors (market-gardening, irrigate "perimeters"). The immigrants, by their dynamism, participate to the development of their region
Akbi, Amine. „Les implications du développement des biocarburants : Quel impact sur les pays en développement?“ Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936588.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbdelkafi, Rami. „Développement soutenable et croissance endogene“. Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenhamouche, Zoubir. „Inégalités, institutions et développement“. Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZotti, Rabih. „Y a-t-il convergence du développement en Europe ? : Concepts, mesures et politiques de développement“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince its foundation, one of the main objectives of the European Union has been the « harmonization » of the development levels of its member states and their regions. The European « harmonious development » is based on improving economic, social and territorial cohesion. Measured by the level of economic convergence, this cohesion seems to be well established at the national level (at least for the EU-15 countries) but remains mixed at the regional levels. Furthermore, the European Commission’s cohesion policies are based on economic convergence not only as an indicator for poor regions’ eligibility for funds; but also as an evaluation tool for its European policy. Nevertheless, « harmonious development » cannot be reduced to the single economic convergence. Social and environmental convergence would show different trends of « harmonious development ». In this thesis, we consider the converging development of the EU-27 member states and regions according to other concepts of development. European convergence is then re-analyzed for the last two decades through indicators going beyond the economic growth paradigm
Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. „Essais sur la Politique Budgétaire dans les Pays de l'OCDE et les Pays en Développement“. Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01025266.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlkazraji, Thouria Abdul Rahem. „Les relations financières entre les pays arabes pétroliers et les pays en voie de développement“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent economic importance of oil trade at an international level has generated various financial problems. We may give as a first example the financial surplus which are leading up to the absorption capacity problem, including of the financial market. This encourages the oil producing countries to invest their funds abroad in various ways: investments, assistance to development. Through this strategy these oil producing countries are trying to secure an income to the future generations and consequently for the post-oil era. In other words, these countries are led by the security criterion and by their will of adquiring a technological knowledge and know-how, in order to secure the development process. The search for profit is not the chief motivation of arab oil producing countries in this matter. How could we otherwise explain that, the assistance to development and the south to south cooperation policy has been going on in spite of all kinds of difficulties (political, economic, financial and so on). As a matter of fact we may say that arab countries in spite of their still young bank-system, interfere sometimes where international financial institutions proove to be reluctant due to a lack of guarantee (most underdevelopped african and asian countries). Meanwhile, arab oil producing countries still have a lot to do as far as this matter is concerned. They must invest their financial, political and other potentialities in order to gain a financial personality (arab financial system). .
Abdou, Elwahab Moussa. „L'évolution des conventions fiscales internationales conclues entre les pays développés et les pays en développement“. Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuarma, Issouf. „Croissance économique et gouvernance dans les pays en développement“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCG004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo abstract
Andrau, Philippe. „L'ONUDI et l'industrie pharmaceutique dans les pays en développement“. Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUNIDO has carried on a large-scale action for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the developing countries for over a decade. By means of international consultations it organizes, of its experts' works in the field and more recently by means of contractual arrangements in favour of transfer of technology, it helps these countries to create and develop their own structures of pharmaceutical production. The aim of this strategy is to manage to reduce the developing countries' dependency with regard to medicine imports and finally to end in the substitution of these imports by the local manufacture, at least concerning essential medicines. In this view, the developing countries' gratification of the needs in pharmaceutical products undergoes the acquiring of and accommodation to technologies, professional training, and improvements in sanitary infrastructure and distribution systems. The accomplishment of such an undertaking requires the starting of proper national policies and close and steady international cooperation, which favour the developing countries' access to engineering and know-how, while taking the trading demands of the tradesmen of these technologies into account. In this way UNIDO can play a very important part as a responsible middleman in the rivalries between the industrialized countries' pharmaceutical firms and the developing countries' governments
Labat, Corinne. „Pays et patrimoine, économie et développement, ethnologie et idéologie“. Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor more twenty years, one notes the emergence of the concept of "land" and the rediscovery of patrimony too. This double resurgence has concretized oneself in 1995 with the creation of the "lands" by a law, which is often, the occasion to mobilize the patrimony, to define these new spaces, to make them identifiable. In order to understand and to explain this phenomenon we chose to observe and study the construction of one of these new territories, the Lauragais, as a practitioner an ethnology of the alive one. Many are those which considered themselves, particularly in rural areas, life forgotten by the development ; the "land" allows to assert their reality, to build their identity, to be even opposed to national directives decided elsewhere. A significant question arises : attend one a transfer of the relations of domination in the social representations ? It will be necessary for us to define the concepts, and to treat many questions : heterogeneity and extension of the patrimonial field, the creation of a territorial identity, the use of the knowledge, the return of the myth, the commercialization of the culture, the political strategies. .
Sadqi, Mohamed. „Émigration temporaire et développement économique dans le pays d'origine“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27884.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlrubaie, Mayssoun. „Le défi de l'exportation vers les pays en développement“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2537/1/000694992.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDestrée, Nicolas. „"Remittances" et activité économique dans les pays en développement“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0628.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the twentieth century, migratory flows have largely increased entailing financial flows - named remittances - from immigration areas to emigration areas. These transfers that migrants send to their families in their home countries may empirically lead to positive or negative effects on physical and human capital. This thesis aims at explaining this mixed evidence in developing countries.The first chapter underlines the negative impact of remittances on capital stock but also on labour supply. Due to this additional income in their last-period of life, agents have less incentive to work and save. Remittances may bring economies closer to their golden rule of capital accumulation or further from their golden rule according to their features. A taxation policy is provided in order to maximise the welfare in the home country of the migrants. The second chapter extends the analysis to open economies facing exogenous credit constraints on the international capital market. Even if remittances reduce incentive to save, these flows may increase investment in physical capital in some countries, through capital inflows, by directly relaxing the credit constraints. The third chapter considers a growth model with human capital accumulation in which agents borrow to finance their education. Borrowing constraints are, in this non-commitment framework considered as endogenous: agents may choose to default and are excluded from the financial market in case of default. In accordance with empirical literature, this model is able to explain a negative or a positive impact of remittances on economic growth
Maftei, Viviana. „Localisation de la recherche-développement de la firme multinationale dans les pays en développement“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResearch and development-related foreign direct investment in developing countries continues to grow since the mid-1990s, and this growth is highly concentrated geographically, large emerging countries being the main destinations.This thesis thus examines the determinants of multinational firms’ R&D location in such countries by placing innovation factors in the forefront of the analysis. The literature on the internationalization of R&D suggests that innovation activities, being highly knowledge-intensive, are located in developed countries, while R&D deployed in developing countries is confined to adapting products and processes to local conditions. We build an analytical framework and develop a model that allows to identify the determinants of multinational firms’ R&D location in developing countries, while distinguishing between supply and demand factors. The former explain innovative R&D, and the latter, adaptive R&D. The crucial role of host-country’s technological capabilities and foreign affiliates’ local sales in the location decision shows that R&D-related foreign direct investment in developing countries is mainly determined by the opportunities for technological development and by the need of adaptation to local market conditions, innovation-related motivations having little importance. Furthermore, when the location choice is made between developing and developed economies, belonging to the former type of countries has a deterrent effect on foreign direct investment in R&D
Bréger, Thomas. „L'accès des pays en développement aux médicaments : enjeu d'une rénovation des politiques de développement“. Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the manner of international economic relations, health follows the rhythm of globalization. Thus we speak of a globalized economy health as well as of an internationalization of health risks. However developed countries and developing countries are not on an equal footing in view of the weight of disease. The evidence is that of a "health gap" symbolized since many decades by the plague of AIDS in low-income countries. While scientific advances allow to cure many diseases, the majority of people in the "South" do not have regular access to medicines. At the heart of public health policies, medicine has become at the same time a tradable commodity in a global economy that focuses on the commercial exploitation of knowledge, in this case of pharmaceutical innovation. Lack of access to treatment can be then analyzed as the result of the exclusion of developing countries toward the pharmaceutical market, caused as well by their socio-economic situation as by the structure of the market and WTO rules on intellectual property. Generating a broad mobilization, access to medicines in poor countries has been part of the debate on the failures of the neoliberal model of development, and reinforces the claims for a process of emancipation focused on improving social indicators and human rights. Today, a renewal of the right to "human" development defines the access to medicines as a component of the fundamental right to health. This access constitutes an international security issue crucial to the rise of "South" countries and justifies the integration of these countries into the market of pharmaceutical innovation
Iskandar, Jouli. „Le rôle des femmes dans le développement économique et social des pays en développement“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT4002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we develop a reflection on the contribution of the women to economic and social development, in particular in the developing countries. We focus on the one hand on the difficulties that the women face and which prevent their active participation in economy, on the other hand on the importance of the policies of insertion of the women in the saleable output for the development. In spite of the fast increase in the level of education of the women and their rate of participation at the job market, most between them remain victims of professional discriminations. The wages of the women are still lower than for men for the same work. The entry of the women on the job market has consequences on all the aspects of the economic and social life. The paid work of the women accelerates the growth and supports the exit of the poverty. There are two parts in this thesis. The first part presents the inequalities between women and men concerning education, wages, work and unemployment. It focuses primarily on the role of women’s paid work in the development of the developing countries. The second part will supplement the first part by two statistical tests. The first test measures the principal factors of women’s difficulties and the relation between the level of development of a country and the degree of equality between men and women. The second test measures the relations between women’s economic activities and the economic growth. It appears that the improvements of the economic activity due to participation of women are more important during the emergence of the economies than they are in industrialized economies. The opening of the economic world and social to th
Chendjovo, Emile. „Le sous-développement volontaire : enquête sur les causes endogènes du sous-développement“. Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040461.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCling, Jean-Pierre. „Commerce, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités dans les pays en développement“. Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relationship between trade, growth, poverty and inequalities in developing countries can be broken down into three separate relationships: 1/ a relationship between trade and growth; 2/ a relationship between growth and poverty (and inequalities); a relationship between trade and poverty (and inequalities). This thesis presents first a survey of the many recent theoretical and empirical papers studying these relationships. We then build new tools used for analysing the relationship between growth, poverty and inequality. Our survey of literature and the lessons drawn from our analytical tools lead us to make a critical study of the international institutions’ trade and poverty reduction policies in developing countries. Last of all, we present two case studies on the macro and micro impact of export growth strategies in Madagascar and Tunisa based on textile & clothing and analyse the impact on both countries of the dismantling of export quotas in this sector
Ben, Makhlouf Fouad. „Le droit international et le commerce des matières premières entre pays développés et pays en développement“. Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe raw materials question has known several sudden changes in the history of international relations and is actually centered around the north-suth relations. Raw materials are at the base of wealth and economical development of any nation. The interest around raw materials is not only limited to supplying problems, it also extends to the supervision of the production and its trading. It explains the importance of the dominion principal concerning natural resources. Raw materials are there for the reason for a aclaim to a new international economic order witch coult permit to restructurize the north-suth trade system. Excessif fluctuations of prices, and deterioration of the exchange relations hip of raw materials exported by all developping countries, are the basic of the north-suth trade. The negociations, led by international suits, between developped and developping countries have not resulted into a transformation of the international economical system, where from the need to work on new rules viable to considere the contrast interest between the two kinds of countries. International law has to fix its duty around that matter
Kone, Salif. „Intégration économique entre pays en développement : le rôle des structures (pays et régions) dans un essai de généralisation théorique“. Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMijiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. „Institutions et développement : analyse des effets macroéconomiques des institutions et de réformes institutionnelles dans les pays en développement“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/49/05/PDF/These_Abdoul_MIJIYAWA.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is a contribution to the economic analysis of institutions. In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. While the need of institutional reforms in developing countries seems to raise consensus, the literature rarely takes into account the costs related to the improvement in the quality of institutions. In addition, improving the quality of institutions may induce costs in the short run whereas benefits will show themselves in the long run. The lag between the costs and benefits of better institutional quality may thus reduce developing countries’ incentives to reform their institutions. Moreover, the literature tackles few, the question of factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. This dissertation attempts to provide clarifications on these points and has two main objectives. The first bjective is to analyse the rationale of the choice of a strategy of economic development based on institutional reform in developing countries. In other words, in spite of the delay in the positive effect of institutional quality improvement, the dissertation seeks to know whether it is economically justified to reform institutions in developing countries. The second objective is to analyse factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1960-2005 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to choose a strategy of economic development based on the reform of their institutions. Likewise, this dissertation shows that an effective combination of internal factors -the existence in developing countries of effective institutions of constraints on the executive- and external factors -FDI inflows in developing countries- are likely to facilitate the reform of private property rights institutions in developing countries. Indeed, our empirical analyses show that: (1) An improvement in the quality of democratic institutions, property rights institutions and regulatory institutions in particular, are favourable to economic growth sustainability in developing countries. (2) The improvement in the quality of institutions induces costs in the short run and benefits in the long run, however, the long run benefits might outweigh the short run costs. We highlight this result through a comparison of the short and the long run effects of democratic institutions on economic growth in developing countries. (3) The probability of reforming private property rights institutions increases with FDI inflows in developing countries endowed with effective institutions of constraints on the executive
Attila, Gbewopo. „Corruption, fiscalité et croissance économique dans les pays en développement“. Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486440.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHardy, Pascale. „Développement et migrations: une étude appliquée aux pays du Maghreb“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, El Hadj Ali Ihsen. „La privatisation dans les pays en développement : l'efficacité économique recherchée“. Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn post independence era, the development strategies which have contributed to the government a main role to promote development, during the eighties and following the debt crises, a fundamental change in the government role thought has occurred. This widespread ideological change in the thought of government role within economic development process enabled us to take a new look on the private sector as a principal growth engine. In fact, even if it is necessary, in order to ensure the highest efficiency level, the ownership transfer from public to private is not, in general, a sufficient condition. Privatization efficiency benefits could be related to other logics than those of ownership change. Particularly, competition extent and market regulation conditions and, more generally, macroeconomic environment constitute the economic results’ key factors. Besides, efficiency gap between public and private enterprises in general is due to a labor cost differential vs. Public enterprises resulting from the presence of syndicate. In addition, even if privatization constitutes frequently a factor of social dissatisfaction, the evaluation of its employment achievement within public services enterprises, where the monopolistic entity status is often followed by an overstaffing, is, however, difficult. In general, the sale of public enterprises is part of a structural adjustment process where each component has an employment impact, and thus, a difficulty in isolating privatization particular effects. The real challenge is to get through a better division of responsibilities and factors between public and private sectors in order to benefit an advantage from each one and to get over their respective limitations. Hence, it is necessary to get beyond traditional approach consisting of giving separate tasks to public and private sectors. It is more convenient to consider, from now on, that public authorities and private sector are partners rather than rivals
Mansouri, Brahim. „Le mimétisme institutionnel : dans un pays en développement : La Tunisie“. Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGignoux, Jérémie. „Analyse empirique de politiques d'éducation dans les pays en développement“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat12424o.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis deals with the empirical analysis of conditional cash transfer programs, applied in Latin American countries since the mid of 1990. We analyse the effects of these policies on levels of education and economic inequalities. The first part of the thesis studies the impacts of these programs on educational outcomes. We use data from a social experiment realised for the evaluation of the Mexican program Progresa. We analyse the impacts of the program on the schooling and labour of children from beneficiary households and the externalities effects of the program on children whose families did not benefit the program. We then study methods for the prevision of effects of those programs using microeconomic models of household educational behaviours. The second part deals with the activities and economic behaviour of the youth in Rio de Janeiro favelas. Using data from a household survey we realised with Brazilian partners, we analyse social interactions effects on the activities, as well as the use made of their economic resources (participation to family incomes and personal expanses), of the youth living in the same neighbourhoods. The third part of the thesis studies long term effects of educational expansion on earnings inequalities in Brazil between 1976 and 1996. Using for waves of the nationally representative household survey Pnad, we analyse the evolution of global inequalities and of inequality of opportunities for men from 40 to 49 years old. We design and implement semi-parametric decompositions of the respective effects of (i) schooling expansion (ii) changes in the structure of earnings, and (iii) changes in intergenerational educational mobility
Aoun, Marie-Claire. „La rente pétrolière et le développement économique des pays exportateurs“. Paris 9, 2008. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/theses/2008PA090034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImbert, Clément. „Trois essais sur l'emploi public dans les pays en développement“. Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEconomics often study public employment from the point of view of the efficient provision of collective goods and services. This dissertation is composed of three papers which look at public employment in developing countries from three different perspectives. The firs paper studies the wage gap between the public and private sector in Vietnam and their evolution between 1993 and 1998; in this period, the gap in favor of public employees is increasing. We show that this evolution is due to a raise in wages of the most qualified workers in the public and not to the selection of more productive workers. Our interpretation of this result is that the wage increase in the public sector is motivated by political reasons. The second paper studies the national employment guarantee program in India, which offers to each rural household 100 days of employment on public works. We show that the program crowds-out private employment and raises wages for unskilled workers. The wage increase benefits to the poorest households at the expenses of the richest, which doubles the redistributive impact of the program. The third paper evaluates the effect of an information campaign held during local elections in Rajasthan (India), which emphasized village leader responsibilities in implementing the employment guarantee. We show that the campaign discouraged the worse performing incumbents and encouraged new candidates from disadvantaged background to enter. This suggest that public employment provision is an important issue which has the potential to change the local political equilibrium
Silva, Adyr da. „Les infrastructures aéroportuaires dans les pays en voie de développement“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction : civil aviation as development factor, essential role and elements of air transportation, state of act of air transportation in developing countries, icao and development. Economical utility of airports. Requirements and decision making process. National airport policy and its implementation. Airport cost and efficiency. Airport management. International cooperation. Airport resources and revenues. Benefits of airport on its community
Accoce, Jean-Vincent. „Globalisation et politique économique nationale dans les pays en développement“. Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40013.
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