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Dissertationen zum Thema „Import and Export performance“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 13. Juni 2025

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Woldemichael, Martha Tesfaye. "Essays on international trade and export performance." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD010.

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Certains pays se sont historiquement développés en s'ouvrant au commerce et en adoptant une stratégie de croissance tirée par les exportations manufacturières. Le commerce promeut l'allocation efficace des ressources suivant l'avantage comparatif, les importations favorisant les transferts technologiques et la croissance de la productivité, alors que les exportations jouent un rôle-clé en soutenant la balance des paiements et les efforts de mobilisation des recettes domestiques. En stimulant la croissance, le commerce offre la possibilité de réduire la pauvreté et d'améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. En se fondant sur le cas du Cambodge où l'industrie du textile et de l'habillement fournit la majorité des emplois manufacturiers et représente l'essentiel des exportations du pays, le Chapitre 2 montre que l'ouverture commerciale à travers les exportations manufacturières permet d'améliorer le bien-être des ménages. Nous utilisons la méthode d'appariement par score de propension pour montrer que le secteur textile améliore le bien-être des ménages faisant partie des 40 pourcent les plus pauvres en augmentant leur consommation, l'accumulation d'actifs et la part des enfants allant à l'école, ainsi qu'en réduisant l'insécurité alimentaire et l'incidence et l'ampleur de la pauvreté. L'application de la méthode des variables instrumentales indique également que les transferts de migrants travaillant dans le secteur textile permettent de relâcher la contrainte budgétaire des ménages récipiendaires et d'augmenter les dépenses d'éducation, de santé et les investissements agricoles propices à la hausse de la productivité. Le Chapitre 3 adopte une approche macroéconomique et explore les déterminants d'épisodes de croissance forte et soutenue des exportations. Il en ressort que la qualité des institutions appuyée par la stabilité macroéconomique, la dépréciation du taux de change, la diversification des exportations, la participation aux chaînes de valeur mondiales et les réformes agricoles orientées vers le marché sont sources d'accélérations des exportations. L'accroissement de la concurrence sur le marché des industries de réseau et la levée des restrictions aux mouvements de capitaux stimulent surtout les exportations de services, alors que les flux d'investissements directs étrangers favorisent les accélérations des exportations de biens. L'application de la méthode du contrôle synthétique aux cas illustratifs du Brésil et du Pérou révèle que les accélérations des exportations sont suivies par une croissance du PIB par tête réel et une baisse du chômage et des inégalités de revenu. Les résultats du chapitre indiquent une complémentarité entre les biens et les services et suggèrent que l'abaissement des barrières au commerce des services serait également favorable à celui des biens. Le Chapitre 4 quantifie une nouvelle source de barrières au commerce liée au temps de traitement des importations en douanes. L'imprévisibilité des délais d'attente liés au dédouanement des marchandises importées entache la fiabilité de la chaîne d'approvisionnement et affecte la performance à l'export des firmes importatrices de biens intermédiaires. En utilisant l'estimateur Poisson du pseudo maximum de vraisemblance, nous trouvons que l'incertitude liée aux délais de traitement en douanes des biens intermédiaires importés n'impacte ni le taux d'entrée, ni le taux de sortie des firmes manufacturières, mais se traduit par une réduction des taux de survie des nouveaux exportateurs. Cet effet s'avère hétérogène à travers les industries, croît avec le temps en raison de la dégradation de la réputation des exportateurs et semble tiré par le commerce Sud-Nord, sans doute parce que les acheteurs dans les pays développés sont plus sensibles au temps. Il est également atténué par les coûts irrécupérables d'entrée sur les marchés Historical evidence shows that countries can successfully develop by opening up to trade and pursuing manufacturing export-led strategies. Trade promotes efficient allocation of resources according to comparative advantage, with imports acting as a vehicle for technology transfers and productivity growth while exports are key to relaxing balance-of-payments constraints and supporting domestic revenue mobilization efforts. By spurring growth, trade has the potential of alleviating poverty and delivering better livelihoods. Drawing on the case of Cambodia where the garment industry provides the bulk of manufacturing jobs and accounts for the lion's share of the export bundle, Chapter 2 provides micro evidence of the welfare-enhancing potential of trade openness through manufacturing exports. It relies on propensity score matching estimators to show that the textile and apparel sector enhances the welfare of households in the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution, boosting consumption, asset ownership and the proportion of children attending school, while curbing exposure to food insecurity and lowering the incidence and depth of poverty. Based on instrumental variables, we also show that remittances from the export-oriented garment industry relax household budget constraints, increasing expenditures in education, health and productivity-raising investments in agriculture. Chapter 3 adopts a macro approach to investigate the determinants of episodes of strong and sustained export growth. Institutional quality underpinned by macroeconomic stability, a depreciated exchange rate, export diversification, global value chain participation and market-oriented agricultural reforms show up as strong predictors of export takeoffs. Lowering barriers to competition in network industries and lifting capital movement restrictions mainly bolster services exports, while foreign direct investment inflows are conducive to goods export accelerations. Applying the synthetic control method to the illustrative cases of Brazil and Peru yields evidence of higher real GDP per capita and lower unemployment and income inequality in the years following the export surge. Our results point to significant complementarities between goods and services, and suggest that lowering barriers to trade in services is likely to support trade in goods. Chapter 4 quantifies a new source of domestic trade costs related to import processing times at the border that generate supply chain unreliability by exposing importing firms to unexpected delays in the provision of critical inputs, ultimately undermining their export performance. Using the Poisson-pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator, we find that uncertainty in the time required to clear imported inputs through Customs impacts neither the entry nor the exit rate of manufacturing firms, but translates into lower survival rates for new exporters. This effect is heterogeneous across export industries, grows larger over time owing to rising reputational costs to input-importing exporters, and is mainly driven by South-North trade, possibly reflecting the time-sensitivity of buyers in developed countries. It is also attenuated by sunk costs of entry in foreign markets

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Shamsuddoha, A. K. "Antecedents of firm export performance: the role of export promotion programs." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16153/1/A._K._Shamsuddoha_Thesis.pdf.

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This study empirically investigates the direct and indirect effects of export promotion programs (EPPs) on firm export performance. Government export promotion programs normally define the premise for successful exporting activities of the corporate sector and play a key role in stimulating international business activities of firms (Cavusgil and Michael, 1990; Marandu, 1995; Seringhaus and Rosson, 1990). While the extant literature on export performance mostly neglected EPPs as an antecedent of export performance, the literature on export promotion fails to relate it to export performance. A very few researchers in this area have focused on a direct relationship between EPPs and firm export performance, however, no study has investigated the effect of EPPs on other determinants of export performance toward establishing any indirect relation between EPPs and export performance. This study attempts to develop and test a comprehensive model of firm export performance that investigates how EPPs directly and indirectly influence firm export performance. Theoretical foundations are drawn from internationalization process and resource-based theories as frameworks for the analysis of the study. The model integrates the use of EPPs, management perception of export market environment, export knowledge, export commitment, and export strategy that influence firm export performance and develops a number of hypotheses. Export promotion programs are classified into two categories according to their similarity of purpose- "market development", and "finance and guarantee" related programs. All other variables in the model are latent and are measured by a set of observed items. The model is tested on primary data obtained from a sample survey of exporting firms drawn from three major export oriented industries in Bangladesh. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques (in AMOS 5) are used to test the validity of the overall model and the relationship between variables hypothesized in the model. A two stage process is employed whereby the construct measurements are first evaluated, followed by an evaluation of the structural relationships. Analysis of the structural relationships supports most of the hypothesized relationships. The dimensions of export promotion programs are found to positively impact overall export performance. The research findings demonstrate that the use of market development-related export promotion programs influence firm export performance directly as well as indirectly through management perception of the export market environment, export knowledge and commitment. However, finance and guarantee-related export promotion programs indirectly influence export performance through export commitment. The study provides a guideline for managers of firms suggesting how they can benefit from EPPs in improving their positive attitude towards the export market environment, building their knowledge and enhancing commitment to exporting for better success in their international operations. This study provides guidelines to policymakers in designing and targeting export promotion programs effectively. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the indirect impact of EPPs on firm export performance. Finally, the limitations of the study are considered and possible directions for further research outlined.

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Shamsuddoha, A. K. "Antecedents of firm export performance: the role of export promotion programs." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16153/.

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George, Romy Leigh. "A critical investigation and performance management in the import and export industry in Cape Town, South Africa." Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1757.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR TECHNOLOGIAE Human Resource Management CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2014 This study sought to gain a better understanding of the recruitment and performance management functions in the import and export industry in Cape Town, South Africa. While many studies have been conducted on recruitment and performance management, there is a paucity of research on these two functions within the industry. Recruitment and performance management are vital human capital and human resource (HR) functions that play a crucial role in guaranteeing an organisation’s ability to achieve its business strategy. Furthermore, studies have shown that in recent years, performance management has become intrinsic to most organisations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop awareness relating to the importance of the recruitment and performance management functions, among all levels of management. The research comprised five phases of data collection from 151 randomly selected respondents. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to gain insight into how these two functions were executed within the industry under investigation. Thereafter a performance management module was developed and implemented, and the questionnaire was redistributed after six months. The results support the view that the functions of recruitment and performance management are poorly managed within the industry. Furthermore, the intervention of the performance management module indicates that interaction with employees relating to individual performance enhances both their work performance and general awareness of inter-personal and organisational issues. The findings from this research suggest that recruitment and performance management are essential HR practices often overlooked in an environment that is random and extremely demanding. Disregard of these practices, especially performance management, has proved to have a negative impact on employee job performance. It is therefore recommended that organisations follow processes and invest in such programmes, not only to achieve their organisational goals, but also to develop and enhance employee performance. This study has specific and important implications for the import and export industry in Cape Town, substantiating the researcher’s premise that effective recruitment and performance management can improve and facilitate the management of the industry’s employees.

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Tamang, Karan. "Examiation of complementary and competitive aspects of trade relations between India and Chaina." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5124.

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Mota, Likese Angelinah. "Analyzing the relationship between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Lesotho and manufacturing :1997to 2007." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4707_1297857069.

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The study draws on secondary data from the Bureau of Statistics in Lesotho. Simple and multiple linear regression models techniques are used to analyze the relationship between the GDP of Lesotho and the GDP of manufacturing. The secondary data is analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. The major finding is that there exists a strong positive linear relationship ( r = 0.986) between the GDP of Lesotho and the GDP of manufacturing. This means that every time the GDP of manufacturing increases the GDP of Lesotho does the same. Based on this finding, the study recommends that in order to improve, sustain and maintain the economic growth and to avoid further deterioration in the manufacturing industry, the manufacturing capacity must be strengthened for it to effectively deal with growing competition and rapid economic changes.

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Lu, Nhat Vinh. "Export marketing performance of Australian export market ventures : investigating the impact of the internet, firm-specific characteristics, market characteristics, and export marketing strategy /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09C/09cl9261.pdf.

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Simões, Luís Carlos Ganhão. "Why some firms succeed in exporting while others do not? The impact of resources and capabilities on firms' export performance." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/953.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Negócios Internacionais apresentada à ESTG - Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria. Why do some firms succeed in exporting while others do not? Export activities are a crucial area of international business but the drivers of superior export performance are not yet well understood. In this study, employing a sample of 52 Portuguese firms, we examine what are the distinctive resources and capabilities associated to superior export performance through the establishment of sustainable competitive advantages. Resource-based view supports the development of explicit hypothesis. Different combinations of export-related resources and capabilities are identified as source of cost, product and service-type advantages and how do these advantages impact economic, strategic and relational dimensions of export performance. The findings of this study have important implications for theory, managers and policymakers. Limitations of the study are considered, and future research directions are identified.

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Souchon, A. L. "The use of information in an export setting : the construct, its antecedents, and its impact on export performance." Thesis, Swansea University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639090.

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The study of export information use is in its infancy stage since the export information literature has tended to focus on acquisition rather than use issues. The objectives were thus the development of reliable and valid measures of export information use, and the assessment or antecedents and impact on export performance. After reviewing the literature, an exploratory study of export decision-makers was undertaken. The results suggested the existence of two types of export information use: instrumental/conceptual and symbolic. A mail questionnaire was developed on the basis of both the literature review (Chapter Two) and the exploratory study (Chapter Three). The research instrument was pretested. For the main mail survey, a sample of 198 cases was achieved. Established measure development procedures were employed for producing scales of use of information acquired via different types of sources. In addition, measures of export information acquisition, intra-organisational use (reflecting extent of use) and export performance were developed to enhance the analysis. Finally, an overall model of export information use was tested via a series of multiple regression and moderated regression approaches. The antecedents to export information use examined in this study encompassed company size, export experience, export structure, export dependence, and export complexity, acquisition from different types of sources, awareness of export information sources, information intensity, over-acquisition, overload and environmental turbulence. Some of these variables were found to be directly related to export information use while others were linked to use through acquisition. Intra-organisational use of export information was found to have a positive link with export performance, as did instrumental/conceptual use of export market intelligence information. Instrumental/conceptual use of both export marketing research and export assistance information were found to be negatively related to export performance.

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Mert, Ayse. "The Impact Of Ceo And Human Capital Characteristics On Sme Export Performance." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608947/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of the export behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey. In SMEs, key decision makers play important roles therefore, studying the impact of managerial characteristics is of paramount importance for understanding the determinants of SME export behavior. Particularly, possible relations between CEO age, tenure, level of education, international experience and foreign language skills and the export performance of SMEs will be examined. While doing this, two distinct theories, namely, upper echelons perspective and resource-based view of the firm (RBV) will be integrated. Furthermore, the study will focus on the role of the human capital as a strategic resource that may enhance the SME export performance. The relations between international experience and foreign language skills of the human capital and SME export performance will be analyzed from upper echelons perspective and RBV point of view. Overall, this study attempts to illustrate that CEOs and human resources are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable resources for SMEs, and that studying their attributes in SME internationalization context is crucial to understanding the determinants of expert activities of SMEs. As a result, this study expects to reveal important implications for those who aim at increasing the export performance of SMEs. Practitioners may benefit from the findings by addressing which managerial and human capital characteristics influence SME export behavior and in which directions, so that they can better match the characteristics of CEOs and human capital with SMEs in order to attain higher export performance.

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Choga, Ireen. "The impact of export diversification on economic performance in South Africa: 1980-2012." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1018223.

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A widely held view is that export diversification constitutes an important component of export led growth, and poses a major challenge for many developing countries. Given this, the role of export diversification on economic growth warrants a fresh analysis in South Africa. The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. In this context, the study seeks to establish the relationship between export diversification, export stability and export growth. Initially, the study examines the extent and structure of export diversification in South Africa; it then empirically establishes the link between export diversification, export stability and export growth. Finally, it develops a model and investigates the effects of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. As an attempt to fulfill the proposed objectives, this study uses quarterly data for the period 1980 to 2012 as well as data for 28 selected groups of commodities to investigate the effects of export diversification on economic growth in South Africa. Measures of export diversification and structural changes in exports in the context of South Africa were discussed. The findings of this study are that the Commodity Specific Cumulative Experience function showed that plots for manufactured commodities are shifted to the right indicating that the commodities are non-traditional in nature whereas, plots for primary commodities are shifted to the left. Results also indicated that South Africa relies more on traditional exports than manufactured exports. Various measures of export instability were used to calculate the export instability index in South Africa. The results of the study reveal that the South African export basket is slightly diversified, and the less diversified or primary commodities are associated with high instability VECM approach was used to allow us to establish the extent of influence of export diversification and other explanatory variables on economic growth. Consistent with other researchers, the study found that export diversification plays significant roles to economic growth in South Africa. A number of diagnostic checks were employed to validate the parameter evaluation of the outcomes achieved by the model. The model passed all the diagnostic checks. On the whole, the results to a larger extent painted a pictured that export diversification is important or drives economic growth in South Africa. Corroborating our findings with work of other scholars, we conclude that our results are complementary.

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Descotes, Raluca. "The valorization of export information and its impact upon the international performance of SMEs." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN22001/document.

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La Capacité d'Absorption (CA) de l'information et la perspective « Knowledge Based View » (KBV) ont fait l'objet d'un intérêt académique significatif et croissant à travers un grand nombre de disciplines pendant la dernière décennie. En dépit de cet important intérêt académique, la littérature développée sur la CA et la perspective KBV a privilégié l'étude des entreprises à forte composante technologique, visant à modéliser principalement l'innovation sur la base de l'absorption de l'information technologique. En conséquence, la connaissance et l'information concernant l'environnement du marché international d'une organisation ont été principalement ignorées, malgré leur importance accrue pour le développement des activités d'exportation des entreprises, laquelle a été fréquemment soulignée dans la littérature portant sur l'internationalisation. Particulièrement dans le cas des PME, il est unanimement accepté qu'afin de mieux faire face à la turbulence de marchés internationaux, les PME doivent mieux gérer l'information et développer des niveaux supérieurs de connaissances et compétences de gestion des activités internationales (Kuivalainen et Bell 2004). Ce travail de thèse vise à répondre au moins en partie à ce manque dans la littérature et fournit deux principales contributions. En premier lieu, cette thèse propose une conceptualisation de la CA de l'information à l'export, adaptée dans le cas des PME, basée sur la réitération du concept de CA par Zahra et George (2002) en tant que capacité dynamique. En second lieu, des éléments de la littérature sur la CA, la KBV, l'orientation de marché (OM), le marketing et le management international ont été combinés pour développer un cadre conceptuel qui décrit l'évolution de l'état d'information à l'export des PME et son impact sur leur niveau de performance internationale. La nature causale de la problématique de recherche nous a mené à retenir une méthodologie quantitative. Néanmoins, tenant compte de la nature qualitative et multidimensionnelle de l'information, une première recherche préliminaire qualitative a été entreprise afin d'explorer si l'utilisation des éléments des perspectives KBV, AC et OM est appropriée pour décrire l'impact de l'évolution de l'état d'information à l'export dans les PME sur leur niveau de performance internationale. De plus, il nous a semblé important de vérifier si la mobilisation de ces éléments de la littérature est congruente avec les perceptions managériales. Ainsi, 24 entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés avec les dirigeants des entreprises exportatrices. Par la suite, sur la base de la revue de la littérature et de la recherche qualitative préliminaire, un questionnaire a été développé. Le questionnaire a été pré-testé et envoyé aux dirigeants des PME de l'industrie des métaux. 107 questionnaires exploitables ont été recueillis (taux de réponse de 19,1%). L'évaluation des relations causales de l'influence qui composent le modèle de recherche selon l'approche PLS a mené à la validation de neuf des dix propositions de recherche énoncées. Ainsi, les résultats suggèrent que la perspective de la CA de Zahra et de George (2002) constitue un cadre attrayant et efficace pour explorer l'impact de la dynamique liée au traitement de l'information à l'export sur le niveau de la performance internationale des PME. Les résultats suggèrent que la qualité de l'exposition aux sources d'information à l'export des PME (évaluée à travers la richesse des sources d'information à l'export) et la richesse des expériences internationales des employés export (évaluée en termes de variété, complémentarité et durée), ainsi que la réelle expérience internationale de PME apparaissent comme des causes déterminantes de la capacité des PME à acquérir efficacement de l'information à l'export The Absorptive Capacity (AC) and the Knowledge-Based View (KBV) perspectives have generated significant scholarly interest across a large number of disciplines over the last decade. Despite this important scholarly interest, both the AC and KBV literature streams have focused primarily on technology-intensive and dynamic industries, aiming to model innovation on the basis of technological and R&D knowledge absorption. As a result, knowledge and information relating to an organization's international market environment were mainly ignored, even though their utmost importance for foreign business development is overall emphasized within the international marketing literature. Especially in the case of SMEs, it is oftenly suggested that in order to handle the international market place turbulence, they shall better manage information and develop superior knowledge and capabilities relative to the management of foreign operations (Kuivalainen and Bell 2004). This dissertation aims to address this gap in the literature and provides two major contributions. First, a conceptualization of the AC of export information adapted in the case of SMEs is proposed, based on Zahra and George's (2002) re-lecture of the AC concept. Second, insights from the AC, marketing, international business, market orientation (MO) and knowledge management literature were combined to develop and test a research model for describing the export information state evolution in SMEs and its impact on their international performance. The causal nature of the research question led us to the retaining of a quantitative methodology. Nonetheless, taking into account the preponderant qualitative and multi-dimensional nature of information, a first qualitative preliminary research has been undertaken aiming to explore whether the use of insights from the KBV, MO and AC literature for describing the impact of the evolution of export information state in SMEs on their levels of international performance was consistent with the managerial perceptions. To this end, 24 semi-structured interviews were realized with French and Romanian SMEs' managers. Furthermore, based on the literature review and the preliminary qualitative investigation, a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was pre-tested and then sent to the managers of exporting SMEs from the steel industry. 107 usable questionnaires were gathered, yielding for a response rate of 19,1%. The estimation of the causal relationships of influence composing the research model with PLS path modeling (XLSTAT software) led to the validation of nine out of the ten research propositions composing the research model. The results suggest that the AC perspective of Zahra and George (2002) is an appealing and efficient framework for exploring the dynamics associated with export information processing in small firms and their impact upon SMEs' international performance levels. The results suggest that the richness of export information sources, the real export experience of SMEs, and the richness of the international experiences of export employees positively and significantly influence the efficiency of export information acquisition in small firms. Furthermore, the efficiency of export information acquisition and assimilation practices, namely knowledge transfer and integration and coordination efficiency, determine the export responsiveness capacity of SMEs. In turn, the export responsiveness capacity has a strong impact upon the SMEs' positional advantage in terms of international marketing competences. The results suggest that by means of responding and taking corrective action in order to better manage foreign market shifts, firms appear to build superior levels of positional advantage in terms of foreign market-related competences compared to their competitors

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Pyper, Keith. "Investigating the impact of strategic brand management on export performance in the B2B context." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29530.

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Mounir, Saad Khalil Cherry. "The Impact of Egypt's Political Transition and Economic Disruption on its Export Performance : Three Essays." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE0504.

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L’Égypte a été témoin de vagues d’événements qui ont affecté son instabilité politique et qui ont finalement entraîné des perturbations économiques. Fin 2010, les soulèvements ont commencé en Tunisie. Peu de temps après, particulièrement en janvier 2011, l'Égypte a pris la vague et des gens sont descendus dans la rue pour exprimer leur insatisfaction face à la situation économique et réclamer « Liberté, Dignité et justice sociale !». Ces événements ont entraîné des troubles politiques, suivis de perturbations économiques qui ont affecté différemment les classes sociales, les secteurs économiques et les régions géographiques. Dans une seconde vague, après plus de deux ans de perturbations et un climat d'incertitude politique et économique, une nouvelle vague de soulèvements a commencé à appeler à un changement de système, exprimant son mécontentement vis-à-vis des décisions gouvernementales, des services et de la qualité des infrastructures, notamment de l'alimentation électrique. Pendant cette période d'instabilité, des perturbations économiques ont eu lieu lorsque les investissements étrangers se sont éloignés de l'Égypte, les entreprises ont été affectées différemment et l'approvisionnement en électricité des ménages ainsi que des entreprises a été interrompu. En utilisant des données au niveau des entreprises, la thèse étudie l’impact de la transition politique et des perturbations économiques sur la performance des exportations de l’Égypte à travers trois angles : L’impact du type de propriété et de la conversion de propriété sur les résultats à l’exportation des entreprises, l’impact des coupures d’électricité sur les résultats à l’exportation des entreprises, et l’effet des événements par type sur les résultats à l’exportation des entreprises Egypt has witnessed waves of events which affected its political instability and eventually resulted in economic disruption. In late 2010, uprisings started in Tunisia. Not long after, specifically in January 2011, Egypt caught the wave and people took to the street expressing dissatisfaction with the economic situation and calling for “Freedom, Dignity, and Social justice!”. These events resulted in political unrest, followed by economic disruption which affected social classes, economic sectors and geographical regions, differently. In a second wave, after over two years of disruption and an environment of political and economic uncertainty, a new wave of uprisings began to call for a change of system, expressing dissatisfaction with government decisions, services and quality of infrastructure especially the power supply. During this period of instability, economic disruption took place where foreign investments shied away from Egypt, businesses where affected differently, and power supply to households as well as to companies was disrupted. Using firm level data, the thesis researches the impact of Egypt’s political transition and economic disruption on its export performance through three angels: The impact of ownership type and ownership conversion on firms’ export performance, the impact of electricity outages on firms’ export performance, and the effect of events by type on firms’ export performance

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Ajayi, Busayo John. "The impact of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities on the export performance of Nigerian agricultural SMEs." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616989.

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SME internationalisation is growing apace, signifying the global importance of SMEs to local and global economies. A key form of SME internationalisation is export. This research provides an empirical basis to understand how aspects of institutional factors could affect export performance of the Nigerian agricultural sector's SMEs. Nigeria is one of the fastest growing ' frontier' countries with growth rates 'second only to the BRICs and SMEs are playing a key role in this growth phenomenon. The agricultural sector is critical to growth in the Nigerian economy, in terms of both job creation and innovative outcomes, much of which- is achieved as a result of their ability to exploit their products. The study ,!assesses the relationship between entrepreneurial oriel1tation, networking capability, institutional environment factors and exploit performance of Nigerian agricultural sector SMEs using correlation analysis; the result affirms that there is a strong positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, network capabilities, institutional environment factors and export performance of agricultural sector SMEs in Nigeria. The study investigates the role of institutional environment factors using regression analysis; the result shows that institutional environment factors have a significant and negative effect on the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities to Nigerian agricultural SMEs' export performance. Our results suggest that the ability of agricultural SMEs to be proactive, innovative, take risks, manage its networking capabilities and institutional environment factors have a direct impact on exploit performance of Nigeria Agricultural SME's. The institutional environment factors like government policies, procedures and regulations lessen the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and networking capabilities on Nigerian agricultural SMEs' exploit performance. This analysis aims to alleviate the findings on SMEs' internationalisation literatures. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on SMEs' internationalisation, international business and entrepreneurship. The study provides insights for the 1 government policy makers, administrators and Nigerian exploit promotion institutions; on the interventions necessary to progressively promote agricultural sector SMEs' export performance. This research offers guidance for future research on agricultural SMEs' internationalisation.

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Parhizkar, Omid. "Identifying Impact Factors on Successful Exporting of the United States Hardwood Industries to Mexico, Asia, and Europe." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26560.

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Transportation and competitiveness practices of hardwood lumber exporters and other firms were studied and compared to determine the most important factors associated with exporting hardwood products. It was found that exporters differed significantly in their transportation methods, marketing activities, and production profiles from those other hardwood lumber firms. They also were significantly larger than expected in their total production and employment. As the forest products business continues to become more global, an analysis of the importance of these factors can be used how firms can begin exporting, or increase sales in international markets. It was found that certain elements of a sawmillâ s marketing strategy are a major determinant to the likelihood of its being an exporter. Results from logistic regression methods showed that transportation factors such as using intermodal transportation and inland port facilities and competitiveness factors such as species selection, marketing practices, and using government export assistance programs increased the probability of a firmâ s high involvement in international markets. Finally, data from exporting hardwood sawmills to Mexico, Europe, and Asia were analyzed to determine what makes successful exporting to these markets. Factors including export distribution methods, relationship with export distribution partner, competitiveness, transportation, and export assistance were analyzed. Such information might be useful for government agencies that wish to promote business commitment to sawmills throughout the United States for the following international markets. Hardwood sawmills should be encouraged by state officials to plan more aggressively to enter the Mexico market. Efforts are needed from U.S. trade associations to better identify the Mexican market segments, sources of market demand, and credit opportunities for US sawmills. Ph. D.

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Langhof, Jesper, and Simon Olsson. "To Invest, or Divest, the Enternal Internationalization Question? : The impact of external factors on Swedish SMEs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74664.

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The purpose of this thesis is to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of what impact external factors could have on international active Swedish SME’s. Since these factors influence the firm throughout the internationalization process we will investigate how firms mitigates the impact of external factors at later stages in the internationalization process. Furthermore, we will investigate how companies prepare themselves when it comes to external factors. To conduct this research, we have decided to use a qualitative research approach so that we as researcher can receive a deeper understanding of the international business environment. The thesis will use the abductive research approach since we match the theory regarding external factors with the empirical findings. The Literature review has been conducted to conclude theroies regarding external factors, internationalization, export performance and finally a theory regarding divestment. This has resulted in a conceptual framework, which show how the theories are linked to each other. The conceptual framework has later been used to analyze the empirical data. The empirical data has been gathered through four case companies, which has been presented in the chapther empirical findings. The analysis includes a discussion that compares the differnces and similarities between the theoretical framework and the empirical findings. It also includes the differences and similarities between our respondents and their experience from external factors and its impact. The final chapter concludes the thesis with results from our resource questions and further includes implications, recommendations, limitations and suggestions for further research in this subject. The main theoretical implication is the filling of the research gap regarding external factors and their impatcs for Swedish SMEs. Furthermore, the thesis concluded that it would be beneficial for companies to develop a strategy to overcome the obstacles that come from external factors when a company is internationalized. Our thesis has concluded that it is better to be proactive to external changes rather than be reactive on the international market.

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Jatuphatwarodom, Akarawat. "The role of experiential foreign market knowledge and exporter-importer relationship quality on export performance satisfaction : empirical evidence from SMEs in Thailand." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16685.

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Export performance has an important role for firm survival, profitability and growth. Given these benefits and the challenges that firms may face when exporting, scholars have dedicated considerable efforts to understand the factors that enable export success. The current study investigates the role of experiential foreign market knowledge and exporter-importer (EI) relationship quality for export performance. A conceptual model involving the relationship between the role of experiential foreign market knowledge, E-I relationship quality and export performance satisfaction is developed and empirically tested using data from 264 Thai exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Findings suggest SME managers' knowledge of foreign customers, culture and political environment have a positive influence on E-I relationship quality and satisfaction with export performance. Drawing upon the relational exchange theory, goodwill trust was found to be the most significant aspect that builds long-term E-I relationship quality. Secondly, the findings show that calculative approach (e.g. commitment based on cost and benefits) is a mainstream type of commitment between exporters and importers. However, a personalised tie between the exchange partners has a positive influence on commitment, resulting in the affective commitment to E-I relationship. Thirdly, in a collaborative business partnership, decision-makers emphasise information exchange and coordinating actions for taking strategic decisions, which are informed by the feedback recived in their collaboration. In addition, the study finds that political instability negatively moderates the link of competence trust and information exchange on export performance satisfaction. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications of these findings are discussed and areas for future research are proposed.

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Lawrence, Denis Anthony. "Export supply and import demand elasticities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27368.

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The aim of this thesis is to extend the empirical research which has been undertaken using the GNP function approach to measuring export supply and import demand responsiveness. Exports and imports are divided into several components and detailed sets of elasticities produced. In the second part o£ the thesis imperfect adjustment is allowed for in the GNP function model. The GNP function framework treats imports as an input to the domestic technology while exports are an output. The aggregate technology can then be represented by a restricted profit function facilitating the derivation of net output supply elasticities. In this study the aggregate net outputs are exports, imports, labour and domestic sales supply. Capital is treated as a fixed input. Time-series of input-output data for Canada are used covering the period 1961 to 1980. In the first model estimated, four export and four import components are included by the use of aggregator functions and a two-stage estimation process. The recently developed Symmetric Generalised McFadden functional form which permits imposition of the correct curvature conditions while retaining flexibility is used at both the aggregator and GNP function levels. The aggregate export own-price supply elasticity was found to be 1.67 in 1970 while the aggregate import own-price demand elasticity was -1.62. Increases in the prices of both imports and labour were found to decrease the supply of exports while exports were found to be complementary to the output of domestic sales supply. The demand for labour was found to be more elastic than in earlier studies and a general trend towards increasing price responsiveness in the Canadian economy was observed. The own-price elasticities for the four export and four import components were stable and of reasonable magnitude. All the export and import components were found to be complementary. To remove the assumption of separability, modelling was extended to two larger disaggregated Generalised McFadden GNP function models containing four export (import) components, aggregate imports (exports), labour and domestic sales as net outputs. Using this procedure more substitution between the export and import components was found. A planning price model whereby the producers' notional price adjusts gradually to actual price changes indicated that imperfect adjustment is particularly important in the traded goods sector. Exports fully adjusted to price changes only over an extended period. Finally, an adjustment costs model was estimated which indicated that the main effect of allowing for imperfect adjustment was on input use. Differences between long-run and short-run export supply and import demand responsiveness were relatively small. Considerable substitutability between labour and capital in the long-run was observed and since labour was also variable in the short-run this produced overshooting of labour demand. An increase in export prices thus caused a large short-run increase in labour demand but in the long-run the capital stock was increased and substituted for much of the short-run labour increase. Arts, Faculty of Vancouver School of Economics Graduate

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Karlsson, Stefan. "Experimental Database Export/Import for InPUT." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21089.

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The Intelligent Parameter Utilization Tool (InPUT) is a format and API for thecross-language description of experiments, which makes it possible to defineexperiments and their contexts at an abstract level in the form of XML- andarchive-based descriptors. By using experimental descriptors, programs can bereconfigured without having to be recoded and recompiled and the experimentalresults of third-parties can be reproduced independently of the programminglanguage and algorithm implementation. Previously, InPUT has supported theexport and import of experimental descriptors to/from XML documents, archivefiles and LaTex tables. The overall aim of this project was to develop an SQLdatabase design that allows for the export, import, querying, updating anddeletion of experimental descriptors, implementing the design as an extensionof the Java implementation of InPUT (InPUTj) and to verify the generalapplicability of the created implementation by modeling real-world use cases.The use cases covered everything from simple database transactions involvingsimple descriptors to complex database transactions involving complexdescriptors. In addition, it was investigated whether queries and updates ofdescriptors are executed more rapidly if the descriptors are stored in databasesin accordance with the created SQL schema and the queries and updates arehandled by the DBMS PostgreSQL or, if the descriptors are stored directly infiles and the queries and updates are handled by the default XML-processingengine of InPUTj (JDOM). The results of the test case indicate that the formerusually allows for a faster execution of queries while the latter usually allowsfor a faster execution of updates. Using database-stored descriptors instead offile-based descriptors offers many advantages, such as making it significantlyeasier and less costly to manage, analyze and exchange large amounts of experi-mental data. However, database-stored descriptors complement file-baseddescriptors rather than replace them. The goals of the project were achieved,and the different types of database transactions involving descriptors can nowbe handled via a simple API provided by a Java facade class.

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Besong, Fred Tanyi. "BUSINESS PLAN : Import, Export and Car Trading Company." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-896.

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Being entrepreneurial is pathly being creative. This Master thesis presents a business plan of BEFCO Trading Ltd geared towards solving a problem in the Cameroonian Economy. The English speaking Cameroonians of South West and North West provinces of Cameroon are presently underserved with car sales offerings as there is presently no registered Company in this section of the Country.An attempt is presently being made through this business plan thanks to the peaceful and favourable circumstances sorrounding the entrepreneurs and the opportunity gap of a niche market. The business plan shows a win to win situation in which the founding entrepreneurs become self employed by solving a problem in the market through novel business combinations.

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Малярець, Л., Віталія Василівна Койбічук, Виталия Васильевна Койбичук, and Vitaliia Vasylivna Koibichuk. "Evaluating the effectiveness of an enterprise’ export-import activity." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86975.

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Койбічук, Віталія Василівна, Виталия Васильевна Койбичук, Vitaliia Vasylivna Koibichuk та Л. М. Малярець. "Еvaluating the effectiveness of an enterprise’ export-import activity". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84679.

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Провідними показниками економічного розвитку країни є перевага експорту товарів над імпортом, і інтенсивність цього розвитку залежить від співвідношення експорту та імпорту протягом певного часу. Робота присвячена розробці моделей, що дозволяють прогнозувати критерії ефективності експортно-імпортної діяльності Важными показателями экономического развития страны являются преимущество экспорта товаров над импортом, а интенсивность этого развития зависит от соотношения экспорта и импорта в течение некоторого времени. Работа посвящена разработке моделей, позволяющих прогнозировать критерии эффективности экспортно-импортной деятельности. The leading indicators of the country's economic development are the advantage of exports of goods over imports, and the intensity of this development depends on the ratio of exports and imports for some time. The work is devoted to the development of models which allow forecasting of criteria of export-import activity efficiency

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Lanz, Jose I. "Import and export requirements and procedures Venezuela-United States." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002lanzj.pdf.

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VICHETH, Pisey. "The impact of South-South FDI : knowledge spillovers from Chinese FDI to local firms in the Cambodian light manufacturing industries." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/33.

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The study of the extent to which incoming FDI results in ‘spillovers’ (technology, R&D, management practices and know-how) has so far yielded only mixed results, and research has largely been restricted to north-north and north-south interactions; this study develops a model of knowledge spillovers based on previous literature and extends inquiry into south-south FDI by investigating spillovers from Chinese FDI to the Cambodian garment and light manufacturing industries. Several significant factors including the nature and extent of FDI linkages, local industry absorptive capacity, nature of the network relationship, and local firms’ learning orientation have been found to influence the extent to which knowledge spillovers occur. These variables are integrated within this paper which develops a conceptual model of knowledge spillovers based on the Awareness-Motivation- Capability framework to examine knowledge spillovers derived through both horizontal and vertical linkages. One area of interest examined in the study is the FDI influence on domestic firms’ export performance since light manufacturing represents the most significant portion of Cambodia's total export products. The thesis, addresses two primary questions: (1) when, where and under what conditions are significant knowledge spillovers created? And (2) what are the effects of the spillovers on domestic companies' technological capability and export performance? The research contributes to the previous literature by further developing the theory on the realisation of knowledge spillovers as well as exploring the nature and channels of knowledge spillovers from South-South FDI in labour-intensive industry, an area of study previously unexplored. Our results show that knowledge spillovers occur through both horizontal and vertical linkages and Cambodian firms receive more spillovers from Chinese FDI than they do from FDI from developed countries.

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CÃmara, Juliano JoÃo Romcy. "AnÃlise da competitividade das exportaÃÃes de pimenta-do-reino do ParÃ e do Brasil no perÃodo de 1997 a 2007 e as perspectivas do comÃrcio." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5640.

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nÃo hÃ O Brasil e, particularmente, o Estado do ParÃ vem aumentando consideravelmente seus valores de exportaÃÃes de pimenta-do-reino, e consequentemente gerando divisas para o paÃs. Entretanto, pouco se sabe a respeito do grau de competitividade do estado do ParÃ em relaÃÃo aos outros estados produtores, bem como o grau de competitividade do Brasil em relaÃÃo aos outros paÃses produtores. Para tanto, procurou-se identificar qual o desempenho competitivo do ParÃ em relaÃÃo aos outros estados produtores e consequentemente do Brasil em relaÃÃo a seus concorrentes nesse segmento. Para atingir esta proposta foram traÃados os seguintes objetivos: analisar a competitividade das exportaÃÃes de pimenta-do-reino do ParÃ e do Brasil no perÃodo de 1997 a 2007 e apresentar as principais conclusÃes e perspectivas de comÃrcio. A anÃlise foi baseada no conceito de competitividade compreendida como: capacidade de uma empresa ou paÃs permanecer no mercado atravÃs de uma posiÃÃo competitiva criada para um produto ou grupo de produtos, sendo essa, fruto de estratÃgias capazes de manter ou elevar eficientemente a posiÃÃo competitiva no comÃrcio internacional. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na anÃlise tabular descritiva e no cÃlculo de indicadores de desempenho das exportaÃÃes: Vantagem Comparativa Revelada (VCR); Taxa de Cobertura (TC); Intensidade de ComÃrcio (IC) e PosiÃÃo no Mercado Mundial (Sik). Os resultados demonstram que tanto o estado do ParÃ quanto o Brasil foram competitivos no comÃrcio internacional de pimenta-do-reino durante todo o perÃodo analisado, onde apresentaram VCR e TC superiores a unidade, indicando, assim, eficiÃncia e dinamismo comercial. A anÃlise do Ãndice de Intensidade de ComÃrcio (IC) demonstrou que as maiores tendÃncias de comÃrcio bilateral do estado do ParÃ foram, pela ordem de importÃncia, com a Argentina, MÃxico e Espanha e para o Brasil, tambÃm em respectiva ordem de importÃncia, foram: Argentina, Espanha e MÃxico. Pelo indicador de PosiÃÃo no Mercado Mundial (Sik), constatou-se que apenas o VietnÃ e o Brasil apresentaram ganhos de mercado ao longo de todo perÃodo estudado. Apesar de o VietnÃ ter absorvido grande parte da fatia de mercado mundial ao longo desses Ãltimos 10 (dez) anos, o Brasil tambÃm conquistou uma pequena parte desse mercado, o que nos leva a crer que, com a incorporaÃÃo de tecnologias voltadas para a produÃÃo qualitativa da pimenta-doreino, juntamente com uma elaboraÃÃo de um plano de marketing sistemÃtico, o Brasil se tornarÃ mais competitivo e, consequentemente, terÃ condiÃÃes de ampliar consideravelmente a sua participaÃÃo no comÃrcio internacional dessa especiaria. Brazil and particularly the state of ParÃ is increasing considerably its export values of black and white pepper and thus generating income for the country. However, little is known about the degree of competitiveness in the state of ParÃ in relation to other producing states as well as the degree of competitiveness of Brazil in relation to other producing countries. To understand this better we sought to identify the competitive performance of the state of ParÃ relative to the other producing states of Brazil and consequently in relation to its competitors in this segment. To achieve this proposal were outlined the following objectives: To analyze the competitiveness of black and white pepper from ParÃ and Brazil in the period between 1997 to 2007 and present the main conclusions and trade prospects. The analysis was based on the concept of competitiveness understood as: The ability of a company or country to stay in business through a competitive position created for a product or product group, and that the fruit of its strategies are capable of effectively maintaining or increasing efficiently its competitive position in the international market. The methodology used was based on descriptive tabular analysis and index calculation of export performance: Revealed Comparative Advantage (VCR); Coverage Rate (TC) Trade Intensity (IC) and Position in the World Market (Sik). The results showed that the state of ParÃ and the country as a whole were competitive in the international trade of black and white pepper during the period under investigation with the VCR and the TC above the standard index, indicating efficiency and commercial dynamism. The analysis of the Trade Intensity Index (IC) showed that the major trends in bilateral trade in the state of ParÃ were, in order of importance; Argentina, Mexico and Spain while for Brazil as a whole, also in order of importance were; Argentina, Spain and Mexico. According to the Position in the World Market index (Sik), it was found that only Vietnam and Brazil had market share gains throughout the entire period under study. Although Vietnam has absorbed much of the global market share over the last ten years, Brazil has also gained a small part of that market, which leads us to believe that with the adoption of technologies for quality production of black and white pepper together with the development of a systematic marketing plan, Brazil will ultimately become more competitive and will therefore be able to considerably expand its participation in international trade in this product.

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Singleton, David Rivers. "A yeast gene that affects both nuclear import and export." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1061561214.

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Abdalla, Essam. "Import and Export Strategies to Sustain Business Under Economic Sanctions." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4191.

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Economic sanctions can result in more than a 70% decrease in business activities in a sanctioned country. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to identify the strategies import and export small business owners use to sustain businesses under economic sanctions. The population for this study was import and export small business owners in the state of Khartoum, Sudan. General systems theory served as the conceptual framework and underpinned the study. The data collection included semistructured interviews and government financial reports. Adhering to an interview protocol, conducting transcript reviews of participants' interviews, member checking, and methodological triangulation represented the measures to ensure dependability, trustworthiness, creditability, transferability, and confirmability of the research. The thematic data analysis involved data cleaning, uploading the transcribed interviews into qualitative data analysis software, reorganizing the data, coding relevant information, and methodological triangulation against financial reports from the Central Bank of Sudan and the World Development Bank Indicators. The results from the thematic data analysis led to the identification of some major themes, notably, innovative strategies to secure funding and increase business sustainability despite the unfavorable economic climate consequent to the prevalent economic sanctions. The consensus among participants denoted that creative strategies presented the only choice to overcome the adverse business climate. The study findings may contribute to positive social change as the knowledge from it may aid in the improvement of employment, the living standards, and the prosperity of small businesses and societies in Sudan.

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Oliveira, Joao. "Export marketing adaptation and export performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17457.

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Identifying the antecedents of export performance is critical for researchers, due to the many benefits of exporting for firms and nations. Many researchers have, thus, devoted their research efforts to identifying export performance antecedents. Export marketing adaptation and firm level export market orientation (or EMO) have emerged as two critical export performance predictors. However, two important research questions remain unexamined. The first is whether firms ought to pursue heterogeneous levels of marketing adaptation across ventures in order to boost venture performance, and whether the answer to this question is contingent upon internal firm resources which support adaptation (namely EMO) and upon the environments faced across ventures. The second question concerns what the total amount (i.e. quantity) of export marketing adaptation firms should undertake in order to boost firm export performance is, and whether the answer to this question depends on internal firm resources supporting adaptation (more specifically, EMO) and on the overall export environments faced by firms. Underpinned by a contingent approach to the study of business performance, this study set out to answer to such questions, via developing and testing two conceptual models. The models were tested using data collected from British exporting companies. The findings of the first model indicate that marketing adaptation across ventures becomes increasingly beneficial for venture performance (directly in the case of sales performance and indirectly in the case of profit performance) as EMO rises and as the levels of environmental differences across ventures increase. Results of the second model suggest that, under greater levels of EMO, firm export sales performance attains its highest values when the firm practices either very low or very high levels of marketing adaptation quantity. Also, under greater levels of EMO, firm export sales performance is increasingly reduced the more the firm deviates from extreme (low/high) marketing adaptation quantities. Additionally, as the firm s export environments become more heterogeneous, the firm benefits increasingly more from pursuing either very low or very high marketing adaptation quantity levels (with sales performance being maximized when the firm pursues very high levels of marketing adaptation quantity), and the reductions in firm export sales performance accruing from undertaking intermediate marleting adaptation quantity levels are increasingly higher. Findings also suggest that enhancing marketing adaptation quantity is beneficial for firm export profit performance up to an optimal point. The returns brought by additional increments in marketing adaptation quantity are increasingly smaller as marketing adaptation quantity increases. Beyond an optimal point, additional increments in marketing adaptation quantity diminish firm export profit performance. The marketing adaptation quantity-firm export profit performance link was not found to be moderated directly neither by EMO nor by firm export environmental differences. EMO was found to have a positive impact on firm export sales and profit performance.

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Subotič, Sven. "Export Strategies of Intertrade CS a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16829.

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The work describes the notion of international trade with focus on the theory interlinked with pracice. The extended focus is on business environment of Slovenia and the Czech Republic. The thesis presents the risks, purposes and advantages of doing business internationally. Furthermore, there are examples of specific companies in related industries and the products that are offered on different markets. The idea of the work is to give an insight to those who are interested in international business (exporting and importing) with various application of strategies.

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Neves, Carole M. P. "The Export Import Bank of the United States: decay or renewal?" Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76462.

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The Export-Import Bank of the U.S. (Eximbank) is a Federal government agency engaged in the financing of U.S. exports. It is entrusted with maintaining the competitiveness of U.S. exports in various key sectors of the economy. It is a product of F. D. Roosevelt's administration and recently celebrated its fiftieth birthday. Over the years, Eximbank's missions and activities have changed, both expanding and curtailing its responsibilities. The Bank's reputation in business and government circles has been and continues to be high; however, in recent years, the Bank has been subject to criticism by the Reagan administration which contends that the financial costs of the Bank outweigh its benefits. The Reagan Administration suggested reforms designed to limit the role of the Bank including elimination of the direct loan program. This thesis traces the development of Eximbank. It reviews literature on Eximbank. It sets forth the history of the Bank and discusses internal and external political and economic structures and processes. It explains some of the functional strengths and weaknesses that affect the Bank's behavior. It discusses four themes that have ordered the Bank's outlook, defined the Bank's priorities and influenced the Bank's performance: the organizational life cycle, the process of institutionalization, the public corporate orientation and the corporate characteristics; and the organizational-environmental adaptations. Finally, it reflects upon the Bank's ability to reformulate its activities and change its behavior for the politics and economics of the 1980s. Ph. D.

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Boso, Nathaniel. "Export entrepreneurial-oriented behaviour and export performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8226.

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Predicting export performance remains an important issue at the heart of export research and management. This is because of the primary role of exporting to ensuring the profitability, growth and survival of firms. Given these and other benefits that firms stand to gain (and the challenges that firms face) for their active engagement in exporting, scholars have exerted efforts into explaining the causes of export success. Export marketing strategy, firm characteristics, capabilities and firms' orientations towards export markets are some the variables studied. Firms' entrepreneurial orientation towards export markets has been one important variable that has captured the attention of researchers. This study is an attempt to introduce an export context-specific entrepreneurial-oriented behaviour (or export EOB) to the study of antecedents of export performance. A theoretical model involving the relationship between export EOB (and its dimensions) and export performance is, therefore, developed and empirically tested using data from 212 exporting organisations. Findings suggest that firms' overall level of export EOB is a major driver of export success. The study further establishes that a high level of market-oriented behaviour in exporting organisations can help firms to derive stronger benefits from their entrepreneurial activities. At the specific level of the export EOB components, results suggest that development of novel product innovations, high export risk-taking, and strong proactive and competitively aggressive behaviours can help exporting organisations to improve their performance. However, product innovation intensity and autonomy are negatively related to export performance, suggesting that high levels of these two behaviours might lead to poor export performance. Nevertheless, further analysis shows that the negative association between product innovation intensity and export performance becomes positive when moderated by product innovation novelty. In addition, the study shows that autonomy has indirect positive association with export performance through interaction with proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness. In other words, autonomy facilitates the effectiveness of proactive and competitive aggressive behaviours. Further analyses of moderating effect relationships reveal mixed results. Specifically, the study finds that export market orientation positively moderates the link between production innovation intensity and export performance. In addition, export customer dynamism positively moderates the association of product innovation novelty and risk-taking with export performance. On the contrary, export customer dynamism negatively moderates the link between product innovation intensity and export performance. Theoretical, export managerial and policy implications of these findings are discussed and useful areas for future research are proposed.

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Potapov, Nikita. "Světový obchod s vybranou komoditou - Případová studie obchodu se zbraněmi." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256609.

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This thesis deals with the problems of the world arms trade. In the theoretical part are defined through literature and Internet sources basic definitions of weapons and military materials and explains the meaning of the foreign trade as a whole. It is also described in detail commodity and regional structure of world trade and the main indicators in the global arms trade. It also mentioned the most important exporters and importers on the international market and take into account the most important indicator of how military spending. The work also bars the legislative and the first trade arrangements with military equipment and technology. Another point of work is determined by the trend in the arms industry and its influencing factors. The practical part is described by means of the most famous institutes characterization of the main parties and their position on the arms market as the US, Russia, China, Germany, France. There are mentioned the most important trade partners and strongest companies in the armaments industry. The practical part also includes a small history of the arms industry of the Czech Republic in the global arms market, and said the most important products of the last century

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Abali, Elif Ege. "Exchange Rate Pass-through Into The Export And Import Prices Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605462/index.pdf.

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In this study, exchange rate pass-through into the export prices and import prices is analyzed separately at the disaggregate level. The study also attempts to differentiate exchange rate pass-through in the short-run and long-run. To analyze pass-through in the short-run, dynamic modeling is used. To analyze pass-through in the long-run, cointegration analysis is conducted. Estimation results show that exchange rate pass-through into the import prices is complete even at the disaggregate level. However, there is variation in the pass-through into the export prices across sectors both in the short-run and long-run. Not all exporting sectors, even in a small open economy like Turkey, are price takers in the foreign markets.

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Pathóová, Anikó. "Podnikatelský plán Vinotéky Agrovaria export-import spol.s.r.o pro Slovenskou a Českou republiku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-667.

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Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vysvětlení teorie tvorby podnikatelského plánu, která je následně aplikována na podnikatelský plán společnosti Agrovaria export-import spol.s.r.o. Dále tvoří část práce i vysvětlení analýz, které jsou obvykle součástí podnikatelského plánu(SWOT analýza, analýza konkurence). Vybrané problémy mezinárodního marketingu upozorní na časté chyby a rizika s kterými při vstupu na mezinárodní trh třeba počítat, dále uvádí možné formy vstupu pro MSP na mezinárodní trhy a vysvětluje postup eurokontroly. Výsledkem praktické aplikace výše zmíněné teorie je podnikatelský plán Vinotéky Agrovaria export-import spol.s.r.o.

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Machovská, Gabriela. "Hospodářské vztahy ČR s JAR s přihlédnutím ke kulturním odlišnostem." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11980.

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The diploma thesis is diveded into 4 parts: basic information about the Republic of South Africa, Export of the goods to the Republic of South Africa, Import of goods from the Republic of South Africa, cultural differences. The thesis focuses on the atractivity of the Republic of South Africa as a business partner for the Czech companies.

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Korobilis-Magas, Evagelos. "Symbolic uses of export information : implications for export performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8390.

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As export competition becomes more intense and export success vital for survival (Katsikeas, 1994), so the effective processing and use of information regarding the international environment becomes a critical prerequisite for gaining competitive advantage (Leonidou and Theodosiou, 2004). Symbolic use of information is one type of information use, which although relatively underexplored to date, may be the most prevalent form of information use within organisations – especially in an export setting (Beyer and Trice, 1982). Symbolic use occurs when information is used for purposes other than the ones which led to its collection (Menon and Varadarajan, 1992). Symbolic use of information has been conceptualised as a multi-dimensional construct encompassing various dimensions (Vyas and Souchon, 2003). Examples include “exporters that engage in distorting market research findings, taking conclusions out of context, disclosing only the findings that confirm an executive‟s predetermined position or consciously ignoring information” (Toften and Olsen, 2004, p. 106). Symbolic use can also legitimate decisions reached on the basis of intuition or managerial assumptions (Vyas and Souchon, 2003). Although conceptual propositions of the potential relationship between each of the symbolic use dimensions and performance exist (Vyas and Souchon 2003), no empirical research has yet been undertaken. As a result, little is known about how and why symbolic use of export information may affect export performance, and under what circumstances. Furthermore, reliable and valid measures for each one of the symbolic use dimensions are absent in the literature. The purpose of this thesis is to fill in these research gaps. In so doing, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods is employed. The exploratory phase takes the form of in depth interviews with export decision makers in the UK. The data collected in this exploratory phase are analysed through the use of within-case and cross-case displays as per Miles and Huberman (1994) and are used not just for hypothesis development, but also to identify potential outcomes of using information symbolically in specific ways and to create pools of items for the development of measures of symbolic use. (Continues...).

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Li, Min. "Determinants of the export channel selection and export performance." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12571/.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore how firms can make better use of channel selections to create value from their organisational capabilities, such as product development capabilities (PDC), in export operations by considering the role of resource-based factors such as entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and institutional factors such as cultural-cognitive institutional distance (CCID). Through a systematic review of the contemporary empirical studies on export channel selection, it is found that although previous studies have made advancements in improving our understanding of export channel selection using a variety of theoretical bases, this domain is still immature, in that significant theoretical and methodological gaps exist. Based on this review, the author then carries out an empirical study to explore PDC as the determinant of export channel selection and export performance to address the gaps in current export channel research, integrating resource-based view and institutional theory. Using the data collected from multiple respondents of 294 Chinese export firms, the study finds that firms with higher levels of PDC are more likely to select the hierarchical channel. In addition, the possession of EO negatively moderates the propensity of high PDC-firms to select the hierarchical channel. The study has also found that the moderating effect of EO on PDC-channel selection becomes stronger when the CCID between the home and export market increases, and that the alignment between PDC, EO, CCID, and channel selection can help firms to achieve better export performance. This thesis contributes to the literature by extending the application of RBV and institutional theory in export channel selection, and adds knowledge to the roles of PDC, EO, and CCID in helping firms to achieve better performance in export markets by means of export channel selection.

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Seydlitz, Josefine. "Import : An Analytic and Econometric Study of Regions." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1133.

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This is unique study of import is of the greatest importance, since no studies of importacross regions have earlier been performed. Import is a driving force of innovations andtherefore most important for a stable growth. This master thesis is about interregional import,as well as the strong spatial concentration of imports in the Swedish system of network.Five hypothesises are presented in the last section of chapter two. The variables to be usedin the analysis are then divided into two main groups, before empirically tested in differentcombinations of regression models.The main conclusion of this thesis is a significant correlation between import, and the twoindependent variables export and firm R&D, and its result goes in line with the theoreticalframework of this thesis, regional specialisation in import and export nodes

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Baratto, Alessandro <1987&gt. "Water footprint e Virtual water: l’impronta idrica dell’ import-export nella regione veneto." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5020.

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L’elaborato tratterà inizialmente il tema della scarsità idrica introducendo i concetti di water footprint e virtual water. Successivamente verranno approfonditi i concetti specificando alcune tra le più importanti organizzazioni che trattano il problema: Water Footprint Network, International Organization for Standardization e Global Reporting Initiative. Riguardo l’impronta idrica, si espliciteranno il Life Cycle Assessment e il Water footprint Assessment come metodi di calcolo. Il secondo capitolo verterà, invece, sul calcolo dell’impronta idrica nella Regione veneto relativa all’import ed export di prodotti agricoli. Il terzo ed ultimo capitolo sarà dedicato alle conclusioni che si possono trarre dallo studio dell’impronta idrica del caso affrontato portando se necessario delle critiche.

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Cardoso, Rebeca. "HPV11 E7 Protein Interacts with Nup62 and CRM1 Nuclear Export Receptor." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104423.

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Thesis advisor: Junona Moroianu In this study we investigated the hydrophobic interactions between HPV11 E7 and the FG regions of Nup62N through transfection assays with EGFP-11E7 fusion plasmids in HeLa cells and binding assays with GST-Nup62N immobilized on Glutathione-Sepharose beads. We found that EGFP-11cE7 binds to Nup62N. This suggests a possible mechanism for the nuclear import of HPV11 E7 through direct hydrophobic interactions between its carboxy-terminus and the FG region of Nup62. The interaction between HPV11 E7 and CRM1 nuclear export receptor was also examined using similar methods. Binding between these proteins suggest that nuclear export of 11E7 is mediated by CRM1 binding to its leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2013 Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences Discipline: College Honors Program Discipline: Biology

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Akbar, Mohammad. "Pakistan's export performance : 1972-1998." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327093.

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Ho, To Ming. "Export supply and import demand functions of Hong Kong : a dual production theory approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239404.

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Bezchlebová, Martina. "Export a import zboží a služeb zemí EU v období let 2007 až 2011." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113595.

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Diploma thesis deals with the development of export and import of goods and services of EU in years 2001 - 2007. There is the summary of the course before the crisis in 2001-2007 described in this work. The crisis didn't start in all EU countries at the same time. Old member countries were mostly hit by the crisis earlier than new member countries. Current crisis has had big influence at the export and the import of goods and services of EU. Crisis showed us lack both in Eurozone and in EU too.

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Worwood, Brady K. "Analysis of the Import, Export, and Bioavailability of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Within Pineview Reservoir." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1124.

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This study was conducted to provide new and useful data about Pineview Reservoir and its watershed, produce water and phosphorus (P) budgets for Pineview Reservoir, test the validity of conclusions made in the Pineview Reservoir Total Maximum Daily Loading (TMDL) document, and create estimates of nitrogen (N) loading to the reservoir from both surface and ground water sources. The production of the water and P budgets, as well as the N loading estimates, was accomplished by measuring flow, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus (TP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) that was entering and exiting the reservoir through surface water sources and the reservoir outlet over a period of approximately 2 years (2008 to 2010). Estimates of ground water contributions to the reservoir were also made using ground water P and N concentration data from a parallel study and ground water flow estimates from the literature. In order to test the validity of claims made in the TMDL, internal reservoir parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, TP, orthophosphorus (OP), nitrate, ammonium and dissolved iron (Fe) were measured at the surface, thermocline, and hypolimnion of five sampling locations within the reservoir over the same sampling period. Chlorophyll A was also measured near the surface of the sites during each sampling event. Contrary to the conclusions made by the TMDL it was found that the internal cycling of nutrients, especially P, is occurring in Pineview Reservoir and that annually observed phytoplankton blooms can be attributed to the release of benthic nutrients. It was also found that there is a large store of sediment P that is currently or potentially could be made available for transfer into the water column. It was estimated that 14,800 kg of P was exported from the reservoir over the one-year sample period of 4/15/2009 to 4/14/2010. This large P release is due to the practice of exporting P rich hypolimnetic water throughout the summer irrigation season. It was shown that more P could be exported if outflows were increased during this period. P budgets indicated that P may not currently be building up within Pineview Reservoir, but given the limited amount of ground water data available for the Reservoir’s watershed, further ground water flow and nutrient data are necessary to substantiate this claim. This study has helped to provide a clearer picture of the trophic status and internal P cycles of Pineview Reservoir. It has also helped to answer questions about the reservoir that have been overlooked in previous studies, such as the magnitude of internal P loading and the importance of Spring Creek and Geertsen Creek in the reservoir’s water budget. This and other information gathered during this study could prove to be a useful benchmark for measuring the effectiveness of future efforts to improve water quality in the reservoir.

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Назаренко, З. В. "Умови договору по здійсненню експортно-імпортних операцій". Thesis, Житомирський державний технологічний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63381.

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У тезах доповіді розкрито питання умов договору по здійсненню експортно-імпортних операцій. The theses of the report disclosed the issue of contract for the implementation of export-import operations.

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Ngansathil, Wichitra. "Market orientation and business performance: empirical evidence from Thailand." 2001. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2438.

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This thesis studies the business performance of Thai firms in both domestic and export markets by using the market orientation theoretical framework to explain why some firms are more successful than others. It also investigates how firms become more market-oriented and whether the relationship between market orientation and business performance is moderated by business environment.

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Chen, Yang-Ru, and 陳央儒. "The Impact of Inter-Organizational Relationships and Export Market Orientation on Export Performance: Moderating Effect of Internationalization Degrees." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50397759330683702139.

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碩士 國立中興大學 企業管理學系所 98 Under a changing global economic environment, how manufacturers establish good relations with oversea channel partners and obtain the knowledge of international trade are important issues for a firm doing export business. Previous studies pointed out that both of inter-organizational relationships and market orientation contributed to the development of organizational core competence and competitive advantage. However, the relationship between the two factors has yet to be clarified. In addition, most of previous studies that elucidated antecedents of export market-oriented (EMO) behavior emphasized the organizational internal mechanism, only few of them investigated the effects of external factors. Hence, based on relationship perspective, this study will explore whether the inter-organizational relationships facilitate firms’ EMO activities, and further promote the export performance. Furthermore, firm’s internationalization was included as one moderator variables between export market-oriented behavior and export performance. In empirical research, this research examined the Taiwan industrial manufacturing exporters. Using data from the list of CommonWealth magazine top 1000 Manufacturers and 500 random sample from Taiwan Machine Tool & Accessory Bullders’ Association (TMBA). We also increase 100 firms form Taichung Industrial Park and Changhua Industrial Park. 1600 questionnaires were mailed and 232 usable samples were returned. The hypotheses are identified by descriptive statistic analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression and structural equation model (SEM). The major findings of this study are as follows. First, Social capital (commitment, trust and social interaction) in the inter-organizational relationships are positively related to EMO behavior. Second, firm’s EMO behavior is positively related to their export performance. Third, the level of exports’ internationalization has no moderating effect on the relationship between EMO behavior and export performance. Finally, based on the empirical results, we propose theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research.

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Stamate, Victor. "Price strategies as a determinant of performance on romanian companies in export markets." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9312.

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JEL Classification System: M10- General; L1-Market Structure, Firm Strategy and Market Performance; L11-Production, Pricing and Market Structure Pricing strategy is considered to be one of the more critical components of the marketing mix (Product, Place, Price and Promotion) and is focused on generating revenue and ultimately profit for the company. The current research study aims to analyze what pricing strategies Romanian exporting companies use in order to strife for better results. As the study focuses on exporting companies, not only setting one or more pricing strategy is important, but also how do these companies adapt their strategies to different industries and different geographical markets. The applied methodology sustains, that the results are rooted on a case study within the preferred pricing strategies of the analyzed companies. The information towards the research was gathered throughout in-depth interviews with the managers in charge of this process, document analysis and observations. The systematic approach of identifying the most adequate price strategies is opening the path for factors taking in account when adaptation process begins and also for analyzing the impact of pricing adaptation. This can lead to measure the data for export performance and what influence did it had on a company’s turnover. By analyzing the export data provided, a comparison can be made, taking into consideration price strategies used, price adaptation processes, level of impact on different geographical markets, the market response to exported products and terms and conditions necessary for conducting international trade

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Wondemu, Kifle Asfaw, and David J. Potts. "The Impact of the Real Exchange Rate Changes on Export Performance in Tanzania and Ethiopia." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10336.

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Yes The importance of trade as an engine of growth is well established. Empirical literature shows that the growth impact of exports is much stronger when the export basket is vertically and horizontally diversified. This paper aims to assess the role of the real exchange rate in enhancing export supply and promoting export diversification in Ethiopia and Tanzania. The empirical results suggest that, while overvaluation is harmful to exports, undervaluation of the real exchange rate boosts export supply as well as export diversification. A high rate of growth in exports is associated with periods of undervalued currencies. A major share of the difference in export performance between the two countries can be explained by differences in real exchange rate policy. Tanzania has maintained an undervalued real exchange rate for a long time and as a result, performs better in terms of export supply and diversification. However, export expansion achieved through undervaluation raises the rate of inflation for Tanzania. Tanzania managed to maintain an undervalued real exchange rate through the accumulation of reserves and a high rate of inflation.

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