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1
Raj, Aniket, Utkarsh Gupta, Prabhakar Tiwari und Asheesh K. Singh. „Market power analysis of the Indian power market“. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 13, Nr. 1 (09.07.2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v13i1.6s.
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Emerging electricity reforms in the power market aims at removing the monopolistic oligopoly power market and promoting competition in the market by providing opportunities to more producers. This paper seeks to investigate various existing structures of the Power Market. Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL) facilitates transparent trading of electricity, a larger market spectrum and allows the participation of other players in the market. Market power is an indicator of an non-competitive market, that is increase in the market power will result in the degradation of competition. This research will help modify the current parameters (HHI Index and Concentration ratio) which are used for measuring the market power of the power markets. As there is always deviation in unconstrained cleared volume and actual cleared or scheduled volume, deviation arises due to the volume of electricity that could not be cleared because of congestion in the power exchange. The researchers have also examined the Indian Power market and analyzed different developed power markets of the world like the US Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland Interconnection (PJM) and the Nordpool.
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Girish, G. P., Badri Narayan Rath und Vaseem Akram. „Spot electricity price discovery in Indian electricity market“. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82 (Februar 2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.009.
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3
Siddiqui, Md Zakaria, Gauthier de Maere d'Aertrycke und Yves Smeers. „Demand response in Indian electricity market“. Energy Policy 50 (November 2012): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.030.
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Prabavathi, M., und R. Gnanadass. „Electricity trading in Indian restructured power market“. International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy 10, Nr. 3/4 (2014): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2014.066886.
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5
Bajpai, Prabodh, und Sri Niwas Singh. „Effective market monitoring for surveillance of the Indian electricity market“. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 3, Nr. 3 (11.09.2009): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506220910986806.
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Ryan, Nicholas. „The Competitive Effects of Transmission Infrastructure in the Indian Electricity Market“. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13, Nr. 2 (01.05.2021): 202–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20180191.
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The integration of markets may improve efficiency by lowering costs or reducing local market power. India, seeking to reduce electricity shortages, set up a new power market, in which transmission constraints sharply limit trade between regions. During congested hours, measures of market competitiveness fall and firms raise bid prices. I use confidential bidding data to estimate the costs of power supply and simulate market outcomes with more transmission capacity. Counterfactual simulations show that transmission expansion increases market surplus by 22 percent, enough to justify the investment. One-third of this gain is due to sellers’ response to a more integrated grid. (JEL H54, L13, L94, O13, Q41)
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Girish, G. P. „Spot electricity price forecasting in Indian electricity market using autoregressive-GARCH models“. Energy Strategy Reviews 11-12 (Juni 2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2016.06.005.
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Kumar, B. Rajesh, und K. S. Sujit. „Debt Strategy Trends of Emerging Market Firms“. International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 8, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2017): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2017100104.
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Different industry sectors have high degree of variation with respect to financial leverage. The excessive use of financial leverage by firms had played a paramount role in the 2008 financial crisis. This study examines the average debt intensity of different industrial sectors during different time period. The study was based on a sample of approximately 20,000 companies representing 19 different industry sectors. The study explores whether there exist persistent differences in leverage ratios across different industry sectors in India. The study examines whether the leverage measures of the Indian firms have changed during different period of analysis. The study also examines the determinants of an optimal capital structure. Electricity sector is the most debt intensive sector among the different industry sectors. Communication, construction and real estate sectors were the next debt intensive sectors among the Indian industrial sectors. The average debt equity ratio of all the industry sectors was 16.57 reflecting the high debt intensity characteristics of Indian Industry. The mean debt equity ratio ranged from 1.45 (Machinery & Transport) to 85.64(Electricity) during the period 2005-2016. The average return on capital employed was negative for all the sectors during the period 2000-2016 except for electricity sector. The average leverage of 10 industry sectors increased in the period 2010-2016 compared to the period 2000-2009. The study document statistically significant variation in mean leverage ratio for industry sectors like communication, construction and real estate, electricity and miscellaneous manufacturing. The most leverage intensive sector construction and real estate sector was the only sector with positive average return on capital and had highest cash flow intensity during the period 2010-2016. Regression results finds statistically significant negative relationship between profitability and leverage. Less profitable firms tend to use more financial leverage. Firms that have more profits tend to have lower leverage. This result is in line with pecking order theory. Some evidence suggest that debt ratio is inversely related to the costs of financial distress. Firms with higher discretionary expenditures tend to have higher cash flows and hence lower costs of bankruptcy. Textile, metal, financial services, electricity and consumer goods are highly debt intensive industries.
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Chattopadhyay, D., S. K. Chatterjee und S. K. Soonee. „Spotlight on the spot market: A review of the indian wholesale electricity market“. Electricity Journal 36, Nr. 1 (Januar 2023): 107239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2023.107239.
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Chawda, Sandeep, und S. Deshmukh. „Assessment of Price Risk of Power under Indian Electricity Market“. International Journal of Computer Applications 59, Nr. 11 (18.12.2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/9590-4207.
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Ghosh, Dipak, Srimonti Dutta und Sayantan Chakraborty. „Multifractal behavior of Electricity Bid Price in Indian Energy Market“. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 74 (Januar 2016): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.07.026.
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Kambli, Rujuta O. „Electric Vehicles in India: Future and Challenges“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 2 (28.02.2022): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40297.
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Abstract: For the transportation sector, vehicle electrification is a game changer due to major energy and environmental implications driven by high vehicle efficiency i.e. EVs are approximately 3–4 times more efficient than comparable internal combustion engines vehicles (ICEV), zero tailpipe emissions, and reduced petroleum dependency as great fuel diversity and flexibility exist in electricity production. Far-reaching implications for vehicle grid integration extend to the electricity sector and to the broader energy system. The Indian Government is also planning to increase the electric vehicle in the automobile industries. In this paper the future and challenges of the electric vehicles in Indian market is discussed. The different factors like economic, social, technical and environmental which are affecting the electric vehicles market in India are discussed in this paper. The battery and infrastructure development are related to economic and technological factors. Based on the challenges, recommendations are made and it also helps to promote the market growth of electric vehicles. Keywords: Electric vehicle (EV), Comparable Internal Combustion Engines Vehicles (ICEV), carbon emissions.
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Garg, N., D. Palwalia und Harish Sharma. „Transmission Pricing Practices: A Case Study“. Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13, Nr. 1 (01.06.2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.13.1.1.
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This paper presents a case study on transmission pricing practices. Now a days, restructuring of the power system market through deregulation is gaining attention as technical and economical benefits at generator and user. In India, after the Electricity Act 2003, restructuring has been introduced in the Indian power system market. Researchers are continuously working towards improvement of deregulation based on restructuring to improve transmission pricing practices and calculations in a better way. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of MWMile and postage stamp methods to estimate the transmission cost. Further, the North Indian practical power system of 37 bus test system has been analyzed by reverse, absolute and dominant Mw-Mile methods. The results obtained to be expected for deregulated power market.
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Sreekanth, K. J., S. Jayaraj und N. Sudarsan. „Economic Impact of CDM Implementation through Alternate Energy Resource Substitution“. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, Nr. 1 (02.02.2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.1.13-18.
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Since the Kyoto protocol agreement, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) hasgarnered large emphasis in terms of certified emission reductions (CER) not only amidst the globalcarbon market but also in India. This paper attempts to assess the impact of CDM towardssustainable development particularly in rural domestic utility sector that mainly includes lightingand cooking applications, with electricity as the source of energy. A detailed survey has undertakenin the state of Kerala, in southern part of India to study the rural domestic energy consumptionpattern. The data collected was analyzed that throws insight into the interrelationships of thevarious parameters that influence domestic utility sector pertaining to energy consumption byusing electricity as the source of energy. The interrelationships between the different parameterswere modeled that optimizes the contribution of electricity on domestic utility sector. The resultswere used to estimate the feasible extent of CO2 emission reduction through use of electricity as theenergy resources, vis-à-vis its economic viability through cost effectiveness. The analysis alsoprovides a platform for implementing CDM projects in the sector and related prospects withrespects to the Indian scenario.
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Kaur, Jasmine, und Rahul Prashar. „Microgrids in Competitive Market Environment: An Indian Perspective“. Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (22.04.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2023.12.1.3572.
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Microgrids are believed to be the befitting green solution to the ever-rising energy crisis in the developing nations. The resource rich nations are rapidly shifting their dependence on microgrids to meet the reduced carbon footprint target at a global level. This paper addresses this issue and presents a detailed technical review on microgrid integration in competitive electricity market scenario. An in-depth coverage of the need for and importance of microgrid deployments across India is presented in this work. The relevant literature that highlights the significance of various energy storage systems is reviewed. The authors present the perspective of microgrid integration in a competitive market scenario covering both day ahead and real time market scenarios thereby discussing the concept of maximizing social benefit in a grid integrated microgrid framework. This work also focuses on microgrid optimization techniques and outlines a detailed comparison showing merits and demerits of all the techniques implemented by the researchers so far. The authors highlight the fact that green energy holds the potential to not only outgrow the fossil fuels but it shall do so by fetching the requisite economic benefit to the investors as well.
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Satapathy, Suchismita. „An analysis for service quality enhancement in electricity utility sector of India by SEM“. Benchmarking: An International Journal 21, Nr. 6 (30.09.2014): 964–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-10-2012-0071.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a new model – namely service quality enhancement – in the electricity utility sector of south India and to test this model's fitness. Design/methodology/approach – Effective customer satisfaction investigation is a very important precondition for a power supply enterprise to win in the market competition. The problems that need to be solved for the power supply enterprise are how to use advanced and practiced methods to evaluate electricity customer satisfaction, and how to use results of the evaluation to improve their service. Planning and operating modern electric power systems involves several interlinked and complex tasks. In this paper, structural equation modeling (SEM) is applied to the electricity utility service model to verify service quality satisfaction. To determine the scope of the electricity industry and its relationship with overall service quality, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted and a standard questionnaire was designed for all customers in different groups of stakeholders (i.e. domestic, industrial, agricultural, public organization). To investigate the respondents’ perceptions regarding the service quality of the electricity utility industry, 200 questionnaires were sent, and from these 169 responses were collected, consisting of 53 responses from the domestic sector, 43 industrial, 30 agricultural, and the remaining 43 from public organization consumers. Then a model was constructed using SEM and tested by Amos 18 to verify the casual relationship between the measured dimensions and the electricity service quality. Findings – The results indicate that electricity service has a direct relationship with the dimensions of reliability, tangibility, empathy responsiveness, assurance, security and stability. Originality/value – In this era electricity is the vital need, but due to regular interruptions in the electricity service, customer dissatisfaction is the measured issue. At the current time, the Indian electricity utility sector enjoys a monopolistic business. Therefore, there is hardly any effort to improve the service quality in this sector due to a lack of administrative pressure and reformation measures. Indian electricity consumers face many quality-related problems as far as the distribution of electricity is concerned. In order to assess service quality in electricity distribution, a survey has been conducted in this work to extract quality constructs from a customer's perspective. One of the contributions of this work is that on the basis of results obtained from factor analysis of the survey data, an instrument has been proposed for the first time in the Indian context, consisting of seven dimensions (reliability, tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, assurance, security and stability). This instrument would help to measure the service quality of the Indian electricity utility sectors, and it provides insights for managers and administrators to set a service standard to fill the service gap. SEM is a tool is used for confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. It is used to test and validate standard instruments. Through confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis using SEM, the proposed service quality model has been tested and validated for practical acceptance in Indian electricity industry.
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Gopinathan, Nandan, und Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam. „Energy Anxiety in Decentralized Electricity Markets: A Critical Review on EV Models“. Energies 15, Nr. 14 (19.07.2022): 5230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145230.
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The automobile sector is a promising avenue for enhancing energy security, economic opportunity, and air quality in India. Before penetrating a large number of electric vehicles (EV) into the power grid, a thorough investigation and assessment of significant parameters are required, as additional nonlinear and EV loads are linked to the decentralized market. Many automobile companies have already invested in electric vehicle research; hence, a detailed analysis on range anxiety and grid connectivity concerns are the important factors affecting the future of the electric vehicle industry. In this paper, the initial review is about the decentralized market in India and sustainable aspects of electric mobility based on the Indian context, as it is a developing nation with an enormous resource and scope for EV markets. With recent literature from the last three years, the substantial constraints observed in benefits and challenges are reviewed. The financial stability aspects and the incentives to overcome the barriers to EV adoption are briefly discussed. From the review, it has come to the limelight that infrastructure availability, technology, load demand, and consumer behaviour are all major obstacles in the electric vehicle ecosystem. For the overall design and study of the vehicle to grid (V2G) infrastructure, this paper also provides insight into the representation of electric vehicles in different energy-efficient models and their categorization while connecting to the grid. The methodology adopted for energy-efficient models includes lifecycle emissions, economy, smart charging, real-time optimization, aggregated EV resource modelling, and a support vector machine (SVM)-based method. This paper gives a positive impact on EV fleet integration and electric mobility in general, as it critically reviews the influential parameters and challenges. This classification depends on crucial parameters that are at the frontline of EV grid integration research. This review is a solution to enhance grid stability in regard to new EV models. With the advanced electric motors development and renewed battery technology models, longer-distance automobiles are now available on the market. This paper investigates the constraints of EV grid integration and analyzes different EV models to ease the grid stability for a decentralized market.
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Paul, Dipen, Dharmesh K. Mishra und Arzaan Dordi. „Commercializing Battery Storage for Integration of Renewable Energy in India: An Insight to Business Models“. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, Nr. 4 (26.08.2021): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160419.
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The research study focuses on exploring different business models that can be used for the deployment of battery storage in India. It further provides a perspective on the different business models adopted across the globe. It also focuses on the key market drivers that can be considered to build the country's storage ecosystem. The objective of the study was to bridge the gap between technology and commercialization. A comparative analysis of different business models adopted by other countries for battery storage and their relevance in the Indian Context was done. It also considered the business models that have been used in different sectors and looks feasible for the battery storage sector. The study recommends the model of “Trading stored electricity on Power Exchanges or Whole-Sale Market” and the model of “introducing battery storage as a package” as the most suitable models for implementation in the Indian context. Further the study identifies few critical factors for the success of commercializing battery storage in India which are choosing the right business model, knowing the needs of the customers and the Government's stand on policies.
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Maitra, Sumit Kumar, Mathewos Lolamo und Umakanta Choudhury. „Deregulation of Power System in India: A Review“. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, Nr. 2 (2017): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521710.
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World-wide, many countries and jurisdictions are advancing down the road of electricity privatization, deregulation, and competition. As the deregulation process develops questions are often raised about design of existing markets. Studies and descriptions of market designs are common but it is more difficult to discover the success or failure of initiatives in other countries and markets. Indian power industry restructuring with a limited level of competition, since 1991, has already been introduced at generation level by allowing participation of Independent Power Producers (IPPs). It is felt that the prevailing conditions in the country are good only for wholesale competition and not for the retail competition at this moment. A suitable model is suggested based on the current and future market participants.
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Aruna, Bhagavatula, und Rajesh H. Acharya. „Is the effect of Indian energy price shocks asymmetric on the stock market at the firm level? A panel SVAR approach“. ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Nr. 1 (November 2020): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2020-001009.
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This paper examines, using monthly data from 1995 to 2016, whether the oil, coal and electric-ity price shocks have an asymmetric influence on stock returns and inflation. The paper has employed Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive (PSVAR) model with various measures of the oil, coal and electricity price shocks on a dataset containing 1168 firms. Results from Pan-el-SVAR reveal that all oil, coal and electricity price specifications have an asymmetric impact on stock returns. Further, impulse response function reveals that the various dimensions of oil, coal and electricity price shocks lead to volatility in the response variables. It can also be ob-served that negative coal and electricity price shock has a radical impact on stock returns. Overall, the study on asymmetric impact of net oil and coal price increase, deserves attention from the investors and policy makers.
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Singh, Anoop. „Towards a competitive market for electricity and consumer choice in the Indian power sector“. Energy Policy 38, Nr. 8 (August 2010): 4196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.047.
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Pun, Santa Bahadur. „Reflections on India’s ‘Guidelines on Cross Border Trade of Electricity’ Vis-a-vis Nepal’s ‘Electricity Development Decade 2016/’026’ and ‘2017/’018 Budget’“. Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 21 (18.07.2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v21i0.17814.
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Nepal unfurled her 10,000 MW in 10 years Electricity Development Decade 2016/’026 in February 2016 supposedly with one eye on her own domestic consumption but definitely with the other eye on India’s growing hungry market. India, for ‘strategic, national and economic’ reasons, issued her Guidelines on December 5, 2016 whereby preferential treatment is given to Indian entities that wish to export power from Nepal to India. While Indian entities with 51% or more ownership require a one-time approval, all other participating entities are eligible to participate on ‘case to case basis.’ The concerned authorities of Nepal, thick-skinned as they are, made no fuss at all about India’s Guidelines. In fact, Nepal held the 5th Power Summit on December 16, 2016 concluding that, though the 10,000 MW is ambitious, it is realistic and achievable. In the immediate aftermath in January 2017, the USAID financed Delhi-based IRADe launched its report in Kathmandu wherein the Nepalese media was all agog reporting ‘Nepal can earn Rs 1 Trillion a year by selling power.’ This was then followed by the Nepal Investment Summit jamboree in March 2017 that boasted of garnering 13.6 billion US$ foreign commitments. All these were then topped by the Nepal government’s 2017/’018 budget that sanguinely hiked up the “10,000 MW in 10 years’ to an inconceivable ‘17,000 MW in 7 years!’Sans the electricity regulatory commission, sans the Indo-Nepal downstream benefit sharing mechanism from storage projects and sans the huge required capital skillfully throttled by India’s Guidelines, Nepal’s 17,000 MW in 7 years is an extremely tall order, more likely to end up in the manner of Som Sharma’s sattu! HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 21, July, 2017Page: 5-10Upload Date: July 18, 2017
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Pradhan, Ashis Kumar, Sandhyarani Rout und Imran Ahmed Khan. „Does market concentration affect wholesale electricity prices? An analysis of the Indian electricity sector in the COVID-19 pandemic context“. Utilities Policy 73 (Dezember 2021): 101305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2021.101305.
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Agrawala, Ramachandra, Prakash Kumar Hota und Ranjan Kumar Mallick. „Optimal bidding of market players in competitive electricity markets based on a novel hybrid PSO-IGWO method“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 2.12 (03.04.2018): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11359.
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Strategic bidding is an important issue in the restructured electric marketplace. In an hour ahead actual power market having sealed bid auc-tion policy involving incomplete information of symmetrical and unsymmetrical nature have been addressed separately in the present work. Various constraints either equality type or inequality type have been properly analysed to model a market very close to a real one. Social welfare, where all the players individually benefitted is the prime objective. Hence, the bidding coefficients are to be selected very carefully. At present, the digital advancement supports each participant to optimize its desired objective through the optimization methods available so far. But, the proposed Particle Swarm Optimization-Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (PSO-IGWO) is a very novel hybrid method. Its supremacy compared to the other methods has been clearly evidenced by implementing in the present work. The standard IEEE-30 bus sys-tem and a practical 75 Bus Indian system have been considered to validate the effectiveness of the novel technique suggested and the excel-lent outputs evidence this fact on comparison with the results, of a very recently published article, found adopting GA optimization tech-nique [28].
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Khan, M. F., und M. R. Khan. „Wind Power Generation in India: Evolution, Trends and Prospects“. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, Nr. 3 (30.10.2013): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.3.175-186.
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In the present context of shrinking conventional resources coupled with environmental perils, the wind power offers an attractive alternative. Wind power generation in India started way back in early 1980s with the installation of experimental wind turbines in western and southern states of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. For first two decades of its existence until about 2000 the progress was slow but steady. In last one decade Indian wind electricity sector has grown at very rapid pace which has promoted the country to the fifth position as largest wind electric power generator and the third largest market in the world. The galvanization of wind sector has been achieved through some aggressive policy mechanisms and persistent support by government organizations such as MNRE and C-WET. This paper articulates the journey of Indian wind program right since its inception to the present trends and developments as well as the future prospects. Keywords: mnre, c-wet, renewable energy, wind power, wind turbines.
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Kumar Sharma, Naveen, und Yog Raj Sood. „Reduction in subsidy for solar power as distributed electricity generation in Indian future competitive power market“. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 4, Nr. 5 (September 2012): 053120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757856.
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Saini, Vikash Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Rajesh Kumar und Ameena S. Al-Sumaiti. „Proof of Work Consensus Based Peer to Peer Energy Trading in the Indian Residential Community“. Energies 16, Nr. 3 (24.01.2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031253.
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Rooftop solar power generation is becoming more widespread in residential microgrids. As well as new concepts of electricity markets, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) markets, where consumers and prosumers can directly exchange locally generated energy with each other without any intermediary third party for sustainable development. Data security is a big concern with energy trading; therefore, blockchain technology is being used more and more in energy markets. It has the potential to simplify P2P energy trading. In this paper, blockchain is designed to fit into the decentralized nature of the P2P market, securing the payment mechanism and transaction data store. The blockchain-enabled platform is developed using the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm, and is verified with the help of the Postman application programming interface (API). All transactions involving the buying and selling of energy are handled by a miner without the help of any third parties. The study of a five-user residential community, whether the strategy is recommended or not, is validated through simulation findings. An overview of the results revealed that all users benefited from the developed, secure P2P platform.
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Yadav, Harendra Kumar, Yash Pal und Madan Mohan Tripathi. „A novel GA-ANFIS hybrid model for short-term solar PV power forecasting in Indian electricity market“. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 40, Nr. 2 (17.02.2019): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2019.1580880.
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Kumar Shukla, Anoop, Zoheb Ahmad, Meeta Sharma, Gaurav Dwivedi, Tikendra Nath Verma, Siddharth Jain, Puneet Verma und Ali Zare. „Advances of Carbon Capture and Storage in Coal-Based Power Generating Units in an Indian Context“. Energies 13, Nr. 16 (10.08.2020): 4124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164124.
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India is a nation with a diverse economy that requires tremendous resources to completely meet the desires of its compatriots in various sectors. In terms of energy resources and requirements, coal-based power plants can fulfill the bulk of these electricity needs. India is very reliant on coal, which is used in power plants as a primary energy source. However, the usage of coal energy at a higher level continuously pollutes the atmosphere. The Indian power market alone accounts for half of the country’s CO2 emissions, which implies that significant action is needed to contain environmental pollution. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a bridging technique and feasible alternative for the carbon fired plant processing of CO2. However, the application of CCS in coal-fired power stations is still uncommon in the nation. At the UNFCCC Paris Summit, India committed to reduce its carbon emission intensity by approximately 30–33% by 2030. In this work, several CCS systems, possible CO2 origins, and emission levels in India are discussed. Various advanced methods for CO2 capture and separation are also highlighted. Furthermore, the current work discusses CCS situations and the applications of CCS in India along with its manifold challenges.
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Shinghal, Ajay, Vibhor Paliwal und Harish Nagar. „Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Diesel: A Boon or Bane in the Indian Context“. Journal of International Business and Economy 21, Nr. 1 (01.07.2020): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2020.1.3.
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The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the global economy and has brought a considerable part of the industry, worldwide, to a standstill. Long unprecedented lockdowns worldwide, to control the spread of corona virus, have affected many individuals and businesses which led to a fall in consumption of commodities to a level never seen before. Shutdown of travel and commercial activities during the lockdowns resulted in reduction of oil import and diesel consumption in India. The reduced consumption of commodities has, in turn, affected the government’s tax revenue. Despite the biggest drop in crude oil price in global market since 1991, the retail price of diesel in India has touched a new high-level record. It was because, in order to overcome the debilitating effects on both the central and state finances, the Indian government has doubled the taxes on diesel. Across the world, diesel is commonly used by various sectors as a means of transporting and electricity generating fuel. It is essentially a price-determining commodity. Therefore, any change in its price may affect the economy to the micro-level, including nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study aims to assess the significant effects of the pandemic situation of Covid-19 on diesel in the Indian context.
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Lugovoy, Oleg, Varun Jyothiprakash, Sourish Chatterjee, Samridh Sharma, Arijit Mukherjee, Abhishek Das, Shreya Some et al. „Towards a Zero-Carbon Electricity System for India in 2050: IDEEA Model-Based Scenarios Integrating Wind and Solar Complementarity and Geospatial Endowments“. Energies 14, Nr. 21 (28.10.2021): 7063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217063.
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This study evaluated a potential transition of India’s power sector to 100% wind and solar energy sources. Applying a macro-energy IDEEA (Indian Zero Carbon Energy Pathways) model to 32 regions and 114 locations of potential installation of wind energy and 60 locations of solar energy, we evaluated a 100% renewable power system in India as a concept. We considered 153 scenarios with varying sets of generating and balancing technologies to evaluate each intermittent energy source separately and their complementarity. Our analysis confirms the potential technical feasibility and long-term reliability of a 100% renewable system for India, even with solar and wind energy only. Such a dual energy source system can potentially deliver fivefold the annual demand of 2019. The robust, reliable supply can be achieved in the long term, as verified by 41 years of weather data. The required expansion of energy storage and the grid will depend on the wind and solar energy structure and the types of generating technologies. Solar energy mostly requires intraday balancing that can be achieved through storage or demand-side flexibility. Wind energy is more seasonal and spatially scattered, and benefits from the long-distance grid expansion for balancing. The complementarity of the two resources on a spatial scale reduces requirements for energy storage. The demand-side flexibility is the key in developing low-cost supply with minimum curtailments. This can be potentially achieved with the proposed two-level electricity market where electricity prices reflect variability of the supply. A modelled experiment with price signals demonstrates how balancing capacity depends on the price levels of guaranteed and flexible types of loads, and therefore, can be defined by the market.
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Saxena, Nitin Kumar, Ashwani Kumar und Varun Gupta. „Enhancement of system performance using STATCOM as dynamic compensator with squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) based microgrid“. International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 22, Nr. 2 (19.01.2021): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2020-0228.
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Abstract Value based services are the new emerging area in Indian Electricity Market. Technically, such value added services in the electricity market are known as Ancillary Services. Voltage Control Ancillary Service (VCAS) deals with local level voltage control problem of power sector. According to IEEE standards 1159:1995, 1250:2011, only ±5% voltage variation is allowed with almost 0 deviations in frequency (±0.03% maximum variation limit) to interconnect any new generating plant with a grid. The utilization of squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG) as wind operated micro grid may be in a fix without adequate availability of reactive power. Besides SCIG, load changes also cause voltage varying problems and so, this paper investigates how load change can be coped up with fast acting reactive power compensator for such arrangements. To demonstrate this real time Simulink models for fixed capacitor and STATCOM are developed using MATLAB software. The SCIG starting and load change conditions are tested with fixed capacitor, six and 12 pulse STATCOM as reactive power compensators. The SCIG performances in terms of rotor speed, voltage, and frequency control characteristics during starting of the machine as well as at the time of load perturbation are compared.
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Gangopadhyay, Utpal, Sukhendu Jana und Sayan Das. „State of Art of Solar Photovoltaic Technology“. Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (30.05.2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/764132.
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Solar electricity is more expensive than that produced by traditional sources. But over the past two decades, the cost gap has been closing. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) technology has emerged as a useful power source of applications such as lightning, meeting the electricity needs of villages, hospitals, telecommunications, and houses. The long and increasing dominance of crystalline silicon in photovoltaic (PV) market is perhaps surprising given the wide variety of materials capable of producing the photovoltaic effect. PV based on silicon wafers has captured more than 90% market share because it is more reliable and generally more efficient than competing technologies. The crystalline silicon PV is reliable as far as long term stability in real field but it is not economically viable due to starting material silicon itself costly. But still, research continues on developing a diverse set of alternative photovoltaic technology. Now PV technology is being increasingly recognized as a part of the solution to the growing energy challenge and an essential component of future global energy production. In this paper, we give a brief review about PV technology particularly crystalline silicon PV including the world and Indian PV scenarios.
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Khekale, Shailesh, Sushil Lanjewar, Nikhil Bhave, Prasanna Mahankar und Mahesh R. Shukla. „Analysis of the Performance of Green Pea Depoding Machine using Treadle Mechanism“. SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 13, SUP 2 (31.12.2021): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v13spli02.30.
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In the food industry green pea is an important material for making different food products. It is cool season crop of India and also plays major role in Indian crops. It is a rabbi season crop and it’s sowing begins from October to November mid in plains. To remove the peas from pedals, more labor and time is used to be consumed. To overcome the problem of labor and time, machine is designed for maximum removal of pea seeds from pea pods without using electricity. It is operated by treadle mechanism. This machine is fabricated by keeping in view for farmers, small scale industries and for that low cost material available in market was used. Treadle mechanism, roller gears, shaft,tray, hand pulley, are the major components of this machine. Principle of this Depoding of green peas is based on the friction generated between the two rollers and pea pods.
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Reddy, V. Madhu Sudana, und B. Subramanyam. „A Paper ON Bidding Strategy in an Open Access of Indian Electricity Power Market: An Overview and Key Issues“. i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering 6, Nr. 1 (15.09.2012): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jee.6.1.1952.
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Sangeeth L R, Silpa, Saji K. Mathew und Vidyasagar Potdar. „Information Processing view of Electricity Demand Response Systems: A Comparative Study Between India and Australia“. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems 12 (30.06.2020): 27–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1thci.12402.
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Abstract Background: In recent years, demand response (DR) has gained increased attention from utilities, regulators, and market aggregators to meet the growing demands of electricity. The key aspect of a successful DR program is the effective processing of data and information to gain critical insights. This study aims to identify information processing needs and capacity that interact to improve energy DR effectiveness. To this end, organizational information processing theory (OIPT) is employed to understand the role of Information Systems (IS) resources in achieving desired DR program performance. This study also investigates how information processing for DR systems differ between developing (India) and developed (Australia) countries. Method: This work adopts a case study methodology to propose a theoretical framework using OIPT for information processing in DR systems. The study further employs a comparative case data analyses between Australian and Indian DR initiatives. Results: Our cross case analysis identifies variables of value creation in designing DR programs - pricing structure for demand side participation, renewable integration at supply side, reforms in the regulatory instruments, and emergent technology. This research posits that the degree of information processing capacity mediates the influence of information processing needs on energy DR effectiveness. Further, we develop five propositions on the interaction between task based information processing needs and capacity, and their influence on DR effectiveness. Conclusions: The study generates insights on the role of IS resources that can help stakeholders in the electricity value chain to take informed and intelligent decisions for improved performance of DR programs. Recommended Citation Sangeeth L R, Silpa; Mathew, Saji K.; and Potdar, Vidyasagar (2020) "Information Processing view of Electricity Demand Response Systems: A Comparative Study Between India and Australia," Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 12: Iss. 4, Article 2. DOI: 10.17705/1pais.12402 Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol12/iss4/2
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Saroha, Sumit, Marta Zurek-Mortka, Jerzy Ryszard Szymanski, Vineet Shekher und Pardeep Singla. „Forecasting of Market Clearing Volume Using Wavelet Packet-Based Neural Networks with Tracking Signals“. Energies 14, Nr. 19 (23.09.2021): 6065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196065.
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In order to analyze the nature of electrical demand series in deregulated electricity markets, various forecasting tools have been used. All these forecasting models have been developed to improve the accuracy of the reliability of the model. Therefore, a Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) was implemented to decompose the demand series into subseries. Each subseries has been forecasted individually with the help of the features of that series, and features were chosen on the basis of mutual correlation among all-time lags using an Auto Correlation Function (ACF). Thus, in this context, a new hybrid WPD-based Linear Neural Network with Tapped Delay (LNNTD) model, with a cyclic one-month moving window for a one-year market clearing volume (MCV) forecasting has been proposed. The proposed model has been effectively implemented in two years (2015–2016) and unconstrained MCV data collected from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) for 12 grid regions of India. The results presented by the proposed models are better in terms of accuracy, with a yearly average MAPE of 0.201%, MAE of 9.056 MWh, and coefficient of regression (R2) of 0.9996. Further, forecasts of the proposed model have been validated using tracking signals (TS’s) in which the values of TS’s lie within a balanced limit between −492 to 6.83, and universality of the model has been carried out effectively using multiple steps-ahead forecasting up to the sixth step. It has been found out that hybrid models are powerful forecasting tools for demand forecasting.
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Ambika, R., und Ramachandran Rajeswari. „The Path of the Smart Grid in India“. Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (Juli 2014): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.1005.
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The 21st century world is more dependent on electrical power than ever. This dependency will increase manifold in the near future with more systems being computerized and a plethora of new electronic devices emerging for household, commercial and industrial applications. In such a scenario, availability of secure, reliable and efficient power is crucial for sustaining current development and economic growth trends. India is struggling to meet electric power demands of the fast expanding economy. In this situation, “smart grid” is the only solution, as it provides an open platform for electricity market and power transactions and offers high quality service and optimizes resource allocation. Simply stating smart grid refers to the application of information technology to power systems. Due to the complexity of such systems, the possibilities have yet to be clearly defined. Undertaking smart grid research in India is necessary for safe and stabilization of national power grid, optimization of national energy structure etc. This paper explores the definition, characteristics of smart grid and the gap between today’s grid and smart grid and its milestones are analyzed. Also the necessity of smart grid and enormous challenges which Indian power enterprises are facing is analyzed through which the inspiration of developing smart grid in India can be gained. Finally some of the ongoing smart grid activities in India and the barriers to implement the smart grid are discussed. The power system development as the world’s new trend of change, smart grid will lead the Indians to restore confidence, revive industry and promote sound and fast economic growth.
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Harriss-White, Barbara, Alfred Gathorne-Hardy und Gilbert Rodrigo. „Towards Lower-Carbon Indian Agricultural Development: An Experiment in Multi-criteria Mapping“. Review of Development and Change 24, Nr. 1 (30.05.2019): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972266119845952.
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Agricultural development research and policy has to address climate change. Against the mainstream focus on adaptation, this article reports on public policy implications for climate change mitigation of a project measuring environmental, social and economic aspects of India’s rice economy: greenhouse gases (GHGs), energy and water; the quantity and quality of work and a systematic analysis of market and social costs and returns. A detailed life cycle assessment of GHG production generates four different kinds of technological possibilities helping the transition towards lower-carbon agriculture: rain-fed rice production (RR), System of Rice Intensification (SRI), solar pumps (SPs) and halving transmission and distribution (T&D) losses in the electricity grid. Through quantitative ranking and qualitative discursive analysis, a new method, multi-criteria mapping (MCM), is trialled in which the benefits of alternatives are evaluated by incommensurable criteria. These are costs, employment and GHGs. This experimental application crosses two languages (English and Tamil), compares participants with expert knowledge (EKs) with agrarian participants with situated knowledge (SKs), and explores the influence of identity (urban-rural, gender, and education).
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Sangeeth L R, Silpa, Saji K. Mathew und Vidyasagar Potdar. „Information Processing view of Electricity Demand Response Systems: A Comparative Study Between India and Australia“. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems 12 (Juni 2020): 27–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1pais.12402.
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Abstract Background: In recent years, demand response (DR) has gained increased attention from utilities, regulators, and market aggregators to meet the growing demands of electricity. The key aspect of a successful DR program is the effective processing of data and information to gain critical insights. This study aims to identify information processing needs and capacity that interact to improve energy DR effectiveness. To this end, organizational information processing theory (OIPT) is employed to understand the role of Information Systems (IS) resources in achieving desired DR program performance. This study also investigates how information processing for DR systems differ between developing (India) and developed (Australia) countries. Method: This work adopts a case study methodology to propose a theoretical framework using OIPT for information processing in DR systems. The study further employs a comparative case data analyses between Australian and Indian DR initiatives. Results: Our cross case analysis identifies variables of value creation in designing DR programs - pricing structure for demand side participation, renewable integration at supply side, reforms in the regulatory instruments, and emergent technology. This research posits that the degree of information processing capacity mediates the influence of information processing needs on energy DR effectiveness. Further, we develop five propositions on the interaction between task based information processing needs and capacity, and their influence on DR effectiveness. Conclusions: The study generates insights on the role of IS resources that can help stakeholders in the electricity value chain to take informed and intelligent decisions for improved performance of DR programs.
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Meil, Pamela, und Hal Salzman. „Technological entrepreneurship in India“. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 9, Nr. 1 (06.03.2017): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-08-2015-0044.
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Purpose Is the rise of the Indian software industry simply another Asian state-dominated industrial growth story or is India distinctive, an economy where small technology entrepreneurs also find niches for development and can be drivers of innovation? Research has focused on the large integrated Indian and international service providers. This study examines the opportunity for growth among smaller innovative technology entrepreneurial firms. Two areas of inquiry are: What factors have been responsible for spurring growth in the Indian IT industry? What type of work is being carried out at Indian firms and is this profile changing? This paper aims to examine the emergence of technology entrepreneurs, particularly in terms of their links to multinational firms and their role and position in global value chains. The paper takes a multi-level approach to understanding development trajectories in the IT sector in India: a global value chain approach to the extent that company processes are seen in their larger networked context across organizations and an institutional approach in terms of state policies that influence the creation of infrastructure that, in turn, shapes organizational development trajectories. Additionally, it examines the role of the various actors within IT sector organizations – the workers, the managers and, in the case of the small companies in our sample, the owners – on the outcome of growth trajectories in the Indian IT sector. We find that the various levels of change and policy all contribute to the outcome in company trajectories: the dominance of multinational enterprises on the market, the entrepreneurial vision and survival strategies of returned technology expatriates, and the changing policies of the government in promoting indigenous business. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research interviews; comparative case study; literature review; multi-tier analysis. Findings The technology entrepreneurial development in India appears to represent quite a distinctive path in terms of both firm development and broader economic development. It is focused on the IT sector, in which high skill “knowledge work” is carried out and which has been able to develop despite lack of basic infrastructure (roads and reliable electricity). Research limitations/implications After the opening up of the business environment to large Western multinational enterprises (MNEs), it was difficult for indigenous Indian entrepreneurs to compete in innovative product development markets. Developing such companies depended on individual risk taking, as no specific infrastructure existed for niche production. However, the knowledge base and innovation clusters did offer opportunities for obtaining contracts. The Indian entrepreneurs did have to make a lot of compromises about defining their business and the tasks they could undertake. More research is needed on the paths and development opportunities for these smaller Indian-owned firms. Practical implications Unique opportunities are emergent and defy easy policy prescriptions, other than precluding change that does not foreclose emergent possibilities (e.g. such as strong state controlled business development). Social implications Indian-owned innovative companies, although having difficulties competing with large Indian and Western MNEs, do put pressure on these MNEs to move work up the value chain, thereby providing more interesting and challenging opportunities for Indian knowledge workers. Originality/value This paper provides a unique company-level perspective about entrepreneurialism in the Indian software sector from the perspective of different actors in the process. It then links this company-level perspective to a larger context both in terms of trajectories of development at the macro level, as well as the role that the company’s place in multinational value chains has in its development perspectives. It gives a special insight into the motivations and obstacles facing entrepreneurs in India’s dynamic software sector.
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Joshi, Mahesh Chandra, Gaurav Gupta und Deepak Bansal. „Role of Business Technologies in the Outperformance of Firms“. International Journal of Business, Technology and Organizational Behavior (IJBTOB) 2, Nr. 6 (09.12.2022): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v2i6.249.
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Since the onset of Industrial Revolution in Europe and United States, Technology becameintegral part of production and business. Started in 1712 the pace of research and innovation has becomemultifold. Started with technologies like Spinning Jenny, Newcomen steam engine, Locomotive,Telegraph communications, Photograph, Printing Machines the progressive journey includedtechnologies and products like Electricity, Automobile, phonograph, Airplane, Antibiotics, AtomicPower, Insecticides, Computers, Internet, Cloud, Robots, Artificial intelligence, Big Data and manymore to count. Technologies have significant influence on the business and society. According toeconomic historian Paul Bairoch (1750) Third World (Asia, Africa, Latin America) had GNP (PPP) inbillions of US dollars* 495 while First World (Western Europe, Northern America, Japan, Singapore andSouth Korea) had GNP (PPP) in billions of US dollars 155. In the year 1990, it reached to GNP (PPP) inbillions of US dollars 7640 and 19210 respectively. Empirical studies show that apart fromLiberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG), technological advances have influenced businessthroughout the world and lead to mass production, mass marketing and automation. On one hand it hashelped many firms including Indian to outperform on financial fronts but created challenges and threatsfor small firms. It has also resulted in to ethical and environmental concerns especially for ThirdWorld.Those Indian firms who relies on technologies have high market value like Reliance Jio ($65Billion/2020), Honda Cars India Ltd. (HCIL) , Grofers ($1 Billion), Paytm ($16 Billion), Flipkart ($37.6Billion). These companies have explored opportunities with the help of Emerging Technologies andmany are close to financial outperformance.
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Thomas, J. „Commercial Plant Tissue Culture in India—Current Status“. HortScience 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 1995): 757B—757. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.757b.
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In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of commercial plant tissue culture (TC) units in India. More than 25 such companies have production capacity of two to five million plants per annum. Almost all units are export oriented, but the target crops are the same. Indoor foliage plants dominate the export market. Micropropagation industry in India is providing major support to Indian agriculture in four crop groups: Fruits, ornamentals, spices, forestry/plantation crops. Banana is the largest selling TC fruit crop. TC papaya plants are now marketed for extraction and processing of papain. TC anthuriums, orchids, and gerberas have attained commercial importance. TC rose plants are used as pot plants. Nearly 500 ha are under TC cardamom cultivation in southern India recording 20% to 30% increase in yield. Vanilla cultivation is expected to increase from the existing 50 ha to more than 400 ha in the coming years using TC plants. Sugar companies have in-house units for micropropagation of sugarcane. There is demand for bamboo and eucalyptus for selective reforestation. The TC Industry is constrained by the non-availability of international varieties, high infrastructure and electricity costs, and lack of managers with commercial experience. A shake-up is imperative, during which many of the existing TC units may not survive the year 2000.
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Labhane, Nishant B., und Ramesh Chandra Das. „Determinants of Dividend Payout Ratio: Evidence from Indian Companies“. Business and Economic Research 5, Nr. 2 (27.10.2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v5i2.8154.
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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">The present study analyzes the trend and determinants of dividend payout ratio of National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed companies in India. The study is based on 239 companies, which have continuous data during the period 1994-95 to 2012-13. From the trend analysis we find that the number of dividend paying companies has declined but the average dividend paid by them has increased manifold over the last two decades which suggests that the dividend paying companies have paid higher amounts of dividends in the later years. The dividend payout ratio varies across all the industries with the electricity industry having the lowest payout ratio and the miscellaneous manufacturing industry having the highest payout ratio. The empirical results suggest that firms with high free cash flow, firms which are larger, more profitable and mature, pay more dividends while riskier, more leveraged and firms with high investment opportunities tend to pay lower dividends. The dividend distribution tax rate imposed by government affects the dividend payout ratio positively. The market-to-book ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, free cash flow, business risk, age, size, profitability and dividend distribution tax variables are significant for the entire period of study. Whereas, the business risk, profitability and dividend distribution tax variables are significant for the entire period of study i.e. 1995-2013 as well as for the two sub-periods 1995-2003 and 2004-2013. Overall, the results are consistent with the pecking order, transaction cost, signaling and firm life cycle theory of dividend policy and we find a little evidence for agency costs theory.</span></p>
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Shankar, Sanjiv. „Direct Tax Incentives to Power Sector in India: A Case Study“. Indian Journal of Public Administration 63, Nr. 1 (März 2017): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556117689847.
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The article examines in detail, as a test case, the impact of direct tax incentives on the power sector in India. The Indian power sector is regulated and has been the greatest beneficiary of the various tax incentives. Direct taxes foregone to the power companies alone are estimated to be ₹700,000 million during the fiscal year 2006–2007 to 2014–2015. The power companies in India have enjoyed profit-linked tax holidays (Section 80 IA), accelerated depreciation (Section 32), easy accessibility of external commercial borrowings and a low withholding tax of 5 per cent on overseas borrowing. The study does a ‘three-way examination’ of the impact of the tax incentives by examining: (i) macroeconomic indicators, (ii) firm level data and (iii) micro-indicators. The findings are that (i) there is no evidence of any real benefits accruing to the economy either in the form of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to the sector, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in the sector or commensurate growth in electricity sector vis-à-vis other sectors of the economy or in the economy as a whole due to the several decades of direct tax incentives to the power sector in India; (ii) clearly, the loss of revenue from the tax incentives is real and substantial and (iii) the financial ratios of the three power companies (National Thermal Power Corporation [NTPC], Tata Power and Reliance Energy) indicate that they are capable of raising resources on their own and the theory of market failure may not apply to them.
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D, Danalakshmi, Kannan S und Gnanadass R. „Generator reactive power pricing for practical utility system using power flow tracing method“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 1.8 (09.02.2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.9444.
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The shift from regulated to restructured power system results in an increased competition among the electricity market. In restructured power system, the separation of transmission services from generation and distribution makes it necessary to find the contribution of power from individual generator to individual load. The power flow tracing method is used to obtain the generator power output to a particular load. The reactive power has to be maintained in order to sustain the voltage level throughout the system for reliable and secure operation. Hence the reactive power cost allocation has become imperative in the power system. In this paper, the tracing method is integrated with the optimal reactive power dispatch problem to trace the generator minimal reactive power for sustaining the real power transaction and enhancing the system security by meeting the demand. The Differential Evolution is used for optimal reactive power dispatch. The cost allocation to the generators for the reactive power service based on the opportunity cost method is obtained for 62 Bus Indian Utility Systems.
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Vishwakarma, Dr Suresh. „Benchmarking the Performance of State Owned Power Distribution Utilities“. Journal of Global Economy 17, Nr. 1 (17.04.2021): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v17i1.611.
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One of the greatest challenges faced by developing nations today is to operate and manage their power industries in efficient and economical way. This study focuses on one aspect of economic performance, namely the efficiency with which electricity is generated. A non-parametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to compare the performance of State Owned Power Distribution Utilities (SOPDU) with those other in similar stage of development. Technical efficiency of electric utility is the critical element for its competitiveness in the Power Market and very relevant in the Indian Power sector presently. This Study is aimed to measure the efficiencies of 16 SOPDU for the year 2011-12 by applying DEA models with single input and two outputs. The result of this model shows that SOPDU are generally inefficient in expenditure frontier and there is an urgent need for intro inspection. This will help for SOPDU. The result shows that the total average of overall, technical and scale efficiencies are 32.7%, 71.6% and 51% respectively. This efficiency measurement assists the utilities by identifying their shortcomings, setting targets and trying to reach the set targets.
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Hiremath, Mitavachan, Peter Viebahn und Sascha Samadi. „An Integrated Comparative Assessment of Coal-Based Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Vis-à-Vis Renewable Energies in India’s Low Carbon Electricity Transition Scenarios“. Energies 14, Nr. 2 (06.01.2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020262.
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Roadmaps for India’s energy future foresee that coal power will continue to play a considerable role until the middle of the 21st century. Among other options, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is being considered as a potential technology for decarbonising the power sector. Consequently, it is important to quantify the relative benefits and trade-offs of coal-CCS in comparison to its competing renewable power sources from multiple sustainability perspectives. In this paper, we assess coal-CCS pathways in India up to 2050 and compare coal-CCS with conventional coal, solar PV and wind power sources through an integrated assessment approach coupled with a nexus perspective (energy-cost-climate-water nexus). Our levelized costs assessment reveals that coal-CCS is expensive and significant cost reductions would be needed for CCS to compete in the Indian power market. In addition, although carbon pricing could make coal-CCS competitive in relation to conventional coal power plants, it cannot influence the lack of competitiveness of coal-CCS with respect to renewables. From a climate perspective, CCS can significantly reduce the life cycle GHG emissions of conventional coal power plants, but renewables are better positioned than coal-CCS if the goal is ambitious climate change mitigation. Our water footprint assessment reveals that coal-CCS consumes an enormous volume of water resources in comparison to conventional coal and, in particular, to renewables. To conclude, our findings highlight that coal-CCS not only suffers from typical new technology development related challenges—such as a lack of technical potential assessments and necessary support infrastructure, and high costs—but also from severe resource constraints (especially water) in an era of global warming and the competition from outperforming renewable power sources. Our study, therefore, adds a considerable level of techno-economic and environmental nexus specificity to the current debate about coal-based large-scale CCS and the low carbon energy transition in emerging and developing economies in the Global South.
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Singh, Manoj Kumar, und Ashish K. Dash. „Local Area Development through Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Parbati Hydro-electric Project Stage-III (520MW) in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh India“. International Journal of Community Development 5, Nr. 1 (21.12.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/233028791503892.
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Hydropower is considered as renewable, cheap and pollution free source of energy in comparison to conventional source of energy. The major river system and topographical variation in Indian Himalayan Region(IHR) offer huge hydroelectric potential because of available net head and water discharge. Efforts are being made for sustainable harnessing of hydroelectric potential of IHR to meet the gap between demand and supply of electricity. Most of these hydropower sites are located in remote hilly terrain of IHR with limited infrastructure like access road, market, hospital etc. For timely execution of hydro power projects(HPPs), infrastructure development is required by project proponent at a faster pace. Like any other developmental projects, establishing of HPPs are also associated with some pros and cons however, the benefits of hydro-projects in terms of infrastructure facility such as road, bridge for proper connectivity, job prospects in construction works, market, civic facilities, source of cheap and clean electricity play a pivotal role in socio-economic development of particular region and nation as well.Present study has been conducted for Parbati Hydroelectric Project Stage-III (520MW) constructed on river Sainj in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, India. All the Project components are located in Sainj valley of Kullu district, a part of Beas basin in North-western Himalaya. The objective of study is to assess and evaluate the Local area development (LAD) in Sainj valley following the start of construction of Parbati HE Project-III in the Year 2006 by NHPC Limited (a Government of India Enterprise-miniratna). The assessment of local area development is based on comparison of baseline data of Sainj area prior to start of construction of project and data available during construction phase of project followed by reviewing of Govt. policy for Local Area Development Fund (LADF) in project affected area and consultation with people from project affected gram-panchayats located in the vicinity of construction sites to know their perception about the role of Parbati hydroelectric Project Stage-III in local area development of Sainj valley. The result of study shows that there is substantial increase in developmental activities in and around the project area due to the construction of Parbati HE Project-III. Particularly, infrastructural development (road-bridge) led to improvement in communication and accessibility of villages (Manham, Banau, Sapangini,Talara) in Sainj valley, better transport facility for horticulture products of farmers in Sainj valley to nearby market located on NH-21. The prospects of job opportunities in Project construction works, ancillary activities and in petty contract works also improved. Implementation of community development Schemes of NHPC led to availability of additional medical facilities, educational facility in Govt. Schools and development of socio-cultural aspects (Crematorium, melaground, toilets,watersupply etc) in Sainj valley are attributed to the construction of Parbati HEP-III. During construction phase of the project, in compliance to Govt. policy for LADF @ 1.5% of project cost allocated for execution of developmental works resulted in source of specific fund for development opportunity in Project affected area(PAA) in the valley and nearby areas. Out of total LADF for PAA, 60% was shared equally among three project affected gram-panchayats and remaining 40% among 04 gram-panchayats for taking-up developmental works by resolution of Gram-Shaba and local area development Committee(LADC). Also, during operational phase of Project, the provision of LADF @ 1% share of free power and revenue equivalent to 12% share of free power to State Govt. of Himachal Pradesh from Parbati HEP-III on annual basis through-out the life span of project are continuous source of financial gain from Parbati HEP-III which will act as a stimulus for development.
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Bhaduri, Madhuchandra. „Impact of Demonetization on Small Businesses in Indian Economy - An Empirical Study on Small Businesses at Cooch Behar District, West Bengal“. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 10, Nr. 3 (14.03.2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v10.n3.p2.
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<p>November 8<sup>th</sup>, 2016 was a path breaking day in Indian economy when Govt. of India has demonetized the high value currency notes and replaced with new notes of Rs.500 and Rs.2000. This move Govt. was taken to clean the black money from the market, to inspire digital economy and to reduce the ‘Cash’ payment culture of some people for tax evasion. The overnight decision changed the life of many people in India. Thousands of people they waited in long queues in front of Banks, ATMs for money. Entire social life of people throughout the country got distracted. Many poor daily wage workers were left with no job and income as owners were unable to pay their daily wage because of less cash, around 15 lakh jobs have been obsolete during this one year.</p><p> Despite Govt. of India has taken a bold step to make India corruption free and inspire the people in cashless transaction but after one year can we say India is really corruption free? Can we observe any significant improvement in cashless transactions? Can we see the digital payments have significantly improved for common general man?</p><p>Many reports stated that Country’s automobile and real estate sectors are highly affected and World Bank has downgraded the Indian economy’s growth forecast as sharp falls. The empirical findings suggest that the impact of demonetization on GDP growth during Q3 and Q4 of 2016-17 was mostly felt in construction and real estate, but the good thing was that because of stronger growth in manufacturing, agriculture, mining and electricity the overall impact on gross domestic product growth was modest.</p><p>Many reports stated that small traders have immensely affected after demonetization because of the cash crunch and lack of infrastructure like digital payment system etc. Small traders in retail sector (grocery shops etc), service sector (restaurants, nursing homes etc.), gems and jewellery, small traders in agricultural products, SMEs, small dealers, professionals like doctors, lawyers etc, have highly affected because of demonetization during last one year. So my objective to find out whether the small traders have really affected or not. If they are affected then how they have affected?</p><p>The main objective of this paper is to study the impact of demonetization on the small scale traders at Cooch Behar District of West Bengal and how it affected their business. As we all know that Cooch Behar is the princely state of West Bengal which is located very near to Assam, Bhutan and Siliguri region. As a district town Cooch Behar has a high significance in businesses with Northeast, Siliguri and Bhutan. I prepared a questionnaire and surveyed to 50 small scale businessmen at Cooch Behar district and tried to find their perception on demonetization and its impacts on their businesses during last one year. The study at Cooch Behar district may reflect the status of small traders for entire country. Another objectives I have kept here to study whether demonetization really eradicated corruption from India and whether demonetization has changed the behavior of the citizens of the country in cashless transactions?</p>