Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „INDIAN PULSES INDUSTRY“

The new agricultural policy which provides status of agriculture as industry is expected to provide new avenues for exports of agricultural products, improving earnings by assured markets and establishment of agro-based industries. As such the diversification in agriculture is considered a desirable change to meet ever increasing demand of cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fodder, fiber, fruits, spices and condiments, medicinal and commercial crops. India has endowed with diverse climate and soil types by the nature which facilitates diversification in agriculture and considered to be the major strength in meeting out the food requirements of ever increasing population. Diversification in agriculture is considered to have large potentialities of increasing income and employment and providing strength through reduced instabilities particularly under the situation of risk and capital constraints. These considerations make a strong case for diversification under Indian conditions.

Agriculture has been the largest sector of the Indian economy. It plays a vital role in providing food for the nation, raw materials to the industry providing employment. Past two and a half decades, India has implemented comprehensive trade policy reforms in the agriculture sector due to internal and external factors. This study has investigated patterns of India’s foreign trade in agriculture during pre-reform and reform periods. The effect of liberalization of India’s foreign trade has greatly influenced the structure of trade in goods and services. For this study, the agriculture communities have been classified into Food Crops and food items, Pulses, Oil and oilseeds, Commercial crops, Plantation crops, Animal products, and Oilseed cake meals. Data for this study have been collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) official website (www.faostat.fao.org), from 1970 to 2013. In 1970, the highest value of percentage share is observed for the food and food crops import at 55.56 per cent followed by commercial crops at 29.15 per cent, animal products at 6.83 per cent, pulses at 5.73 per cent, and oilseeds and oil at 1.29 per cent. In 2017, the highest value of percentage share is observed for oilseeds and oil import at 40.45 per cent followed by commercial crops at 27.87 per cent, pulses at 14.03 and food crops and food items at 10.59 per cent. Overall, there is a significant increase is noted for the percentage share of oilseeds and oil in total agricultural imports in the study period. In the case of pulses, the percentage share of imports in total agricultural export has been increasing during the study period among the other major group of products. There is downward movement is observed for the import of food crops and food items during the study period.

Abstract: Overall the world, India is not only the largest producer of many crops like wheat, rice, pulses but also exporter of many crops. The Indian economy finds its roots in agriculture. In farming, crop cutting is an essential part of farming as well as a very time consuming process. Harvesting is an important part of the agriculture industry. Nowadays modern harvesting technology is increasing but its cost is very high and skilled laborers are required to operate the machines. To minimize the lengthy process of harvesting and reduce the cost of skilled laborers to operate machines. We have designed the “MULTICROP HARVESTING MACHINE” so it can eliminate skilled laborers as well as it saves the time of farmers so they can focus more on good crop production. This machine uses the solar panel to power the drive cutter from the wheels of the vehicle itself. This project targets the small field crop cutter machine for small height & small stream crops. This machine is economical and helps the farmers to achieve higher productivity. Keywords: Small Scale, Solar Panel, Wheels

The enactment of Intellectual Property protection laws globally and involvement of private seed industry in India had become indispensable for protection of IP in agriculture as whole and plant varieties in particular. For protection of plant varieties, the Distinctiveness Uniformity and Stability (DUS) descriptors of various crops (vegetables, field crops, floriculture, horticulture crops, etc.) were developed and notified by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights (PPV and FR) Registry for testing. With increasing awareness of IPR in agriculture, the submission of applications of plant varieties from the notified crops for registration has started for protection under the Registry. Subsequently, public sector (Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Agricultural Universities (AUs)); private sector; and farmers started submission of Extant, New and Essentially Derived Varieties (EDVs) applications in the notified crops. The study period pertaining to years 2007-2015 reveals that public sector has contributed immensely in protecting plant varieties of self-pollinated crops (food, fibre and pulses crops), whereas the private sector’s focus is largely confined towards open-pollinated varieties. Private sector has submitted highest number of ‘EDVs’ of tetraploid cotton. Progress in farmers’ varieties for protection under PPV and FRA reinforces the importance and uniqueness of this sui generis system adopted by India. It is, expected that the prospects of variety and seed development sectors will improve overtime. This trend also opens the scope for the plant breeders to design varietal development programmes for desirable traits in various crop species.

India is experiencing a shortage of edible oils that may increase in years to come. To meet this challenge, palm oil is being considered as a potential new source of oil owing to the high productivity of the oil palm. Besides importing palm oil for the present, indigenous production by cultivating the oil palm has been initiated as a long-term measure. When a new edible oil is introduced, people have to be assured of its safety and nutritional quality. Besides ensuring that palm oil meets essential fatty acid (EFA) requirements, concern about its atherogenic potential due to its saturated fat content has to be allayed. The habitual low-fat Indian diet based on cereals and pulses contains invisible fats amounting to 25 g per day, but it provides two-thirds of EFA requirements. Increased consumption of fat in the form of palm oil should therefore not pose a problem to the requirements since the oil contains about 10% of n-6, 18:2 linoleic acid. Although categorized as a saturated fat, palm oil does not raise blood cholesterol, unlike other fats such as coconut oil. Unrefined crude palm oil, which is rich in β-carotene, is also of special interest as it can be used to prevent vitamin A deficiency, which is widespread In India. Owing to its technical characteristics, palm oil can be used in domestic cooking as well as in the foodprocessing industry for the manufacture of vanaspati and margarine, and as a specialty fat in the bakery and confectionery industries.

Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. Organic agriculture is developing rapidly and today 186 countries produce organic food commercially. Currently, only 1.5 percent of the world’s agricultural land is farmed organically. The status of organic farming in India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro climatic regions. In several parts of the country, the inherited tradition of organic farming is an added advantage. This holds promise for the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market. India ranks 9th in terms of World’s organic agricultural land and 1st in terms of total number of producers. The popularity of organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier and safer. As per the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW), 2.78 million ha was covered under organic farming in India which is about 2 per cent of the 140.1 million ha net sown area in the country. Of this, 1.94 million ha (70%) area is under National Project on Organic Farming NPOP, 0.59 million ha (21.5%) under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), 0.07 million ha (2.6 %) under Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North East Region (MOVCDNER) and 0.17 million ha (6.1% ) under state schemes or non-schemes. The certified organic production for all crop categories stood at 2.6 million metric tons.in 2018-19. Sugar crops (sugarcane), oilseeds, cereals and millets, fiber crops, pulses, medicinal, herbal and aromatic plants, and spices/condiments are the highest produced organic commodities in India. However, the Indian organic food industry is curtailed by multiple challenges including reduced farm production per hectare, a general apprehension among farmers to forego the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and higher storage and transportation costs due to the lack of preservatives required for long-term storage. The states should step up their action in a concerted way to promote organic and natural farming. States can play an instrumental role in helping farmers sell their organic and natural produce by developing organic value chains, procuring organic produce and helping farmers get remunerative prices.

This study aims to examine the demand-driven factors that attract foreign tourists to India. This study used an advanced gravity model to examine the factors that drew demand from 15 major foreign tourist destination countries from 1995 to 2018. Descriptive statistics, correlation, OLS, and panel GMM are the statistical tools used in data analysis. The results indicate that the per capita income of India and the countries of origin, the size of the Indian population, and a favorable visa policy all contribute to attracting foreign tourists to India. Meanwhile, the high cost of living in India compared to foreign tourist countries, terrorist incidents, and long distances between India and these countries are some of the factors that discourage foreign tourists from visiting India. The results of the study are robust and compelling and have significant implications for policymakers and the industry. Based on the findings, the study suggests that the Indian government should reduce the cost of living, especially for foreign tourists, by exempting them from paying goods and services tax and other taxes at the departure airport by showing the bill. In addition, security is an issue where the government should ensure the safety of foreign tourists.

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................................................. This research paper attempts to deeply and rationally probe into the present situation, discussing the expected role of the Spices Board of India, which in 1987 started to function replacing the erstwhile Cardamom Board, where the focus was only on the Cardamom plantation sector and export development. Background.................................................................................................................................................................................................. Cardamom, the “Queen of Spices” is the third most expensive of the spices, next only to saffron and vanilla. The Cardamom Plantation and export development sector is now just one of the many focal points of expected action of promotional endeavors of the Spices Board of India. The cardinal problem is the 1990's market threat from Guatemala, which floods the market with Cardamom with cheaper prices, though it is qualitatively inferior to Indian green Cardamom. The second problem for Indian exports is that the higher cost of production coupled with increasing domestic market demand causes lower quantities for exports. Apart from the functional insufficiency of the Spices Board of India, in the view of the Cardamom farmers and secondary and tertiary market intermediaries, the present auction system, the scattered unorganized farming community at large, and other governmental promotional deficiencies together make the complexity of the present situation confounded. Methodology.................................................................................................................................................................................................. It was decided that conventional research methods, using structured survey methods and questionnaire, were not feasible or realistic as collecting data from a wide range of personnel vary from cardamom farmers to wholesalers to market intermediaries including exporters, extractors of oleo resin from cardamom proved arduous. For this study the methodology used to gather information was a mixture of ethnographic and classical statistical sampling methods. The data was mainly collected by interviews as this will help to get an in depth feel of the pulse of all the involved participants. Thus it was felt that a more first-hand personal interactions was really necessary, not to just garner information from quantitative data but also to gauge through the in-person mood and tenor the grievances of all concerned with cardamom industry and to know the expectations of the related parties, especially from the Spices Board of India. Contribution.................................................................................................................................................................................................. This paper attempts to bring into focus the provocations, limitations, and seriousness of the situation of the sector, and to prioritize the steps to be taken to regain the lost glory of the Indian Cardamom. Findings........................................................................................................................................................................................................ The findings and analysis show that the Indian Cardamom Plantation Sector should be aware of the significance and market relevance of the “Organic” method of cultivation of Cardamom. Also there is a need for quality control practices in the sector that enable strict attention to meeting MRL (Maximum Residue Level) as demanded by the importing nations, and attention to the “functional refining factors” and expectations set out by the spices Board of India. All of these are based on the findings which are analyzed, without preconceived notions and authors’ subjective remarks. Recommendations for Practitioners............................................................................................................................................................. This paper reveals the view and understandings of the practitioners in the Indian Cardamom sector. It subtly suggests a certain course of action and serous recognition of flaws and deficiencies in the system that are obvious and emerges and which are critical and must be addressed. It underlines needs to be addressed; flaws in performance, and articulates the grievances. Recommendation for Researchers................................................................................................................................................................. More work needs to be done to have a clear analysis of the market demand of the cardamom products in order to project periods when demands of cardamom fluctuate the market, both domestically and internationally. In addition, it is important to study the various organic methods, which can be adopted by the farmers to produce high quality cardamom, which can meet the demand of the consumer as well as the standard required by various governments around the globe. Impact on Society........................................................................................................................................................................................... It reflects clearly, the general and prevalent concern of the Indian farming community and market intermediaries’ vis-à-vis the promotional role they expect the Spices Board of India to play in order to ameliorate the gravity of the bottlenecks being faced by the Indian Cardamom sector. Future Research................................................................................................................................................................................................ There are many areas to be studied in the Indian Cardamom Industry. This research paper attempts to highlight the unmitigated problems faced by the various strata of farmers, the indispensability of going “Organic”, and the need for the intervention of the Spices Board of India, and other relevant State Agri-Horticultural agencies, marketing Co-operative societies; subsidies and grants to be given by the government to encourage both organic cultivation and value addition using Carbon dioxide extraction of Oleoresins, packing, export market research, etc.

With an intent to raise awareness about the contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Development among the Tourism, Travel and Hospitality stakeholders, the general public, the Governments across levels, the 70 General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) designated 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development. The year received another boost in the context of the 2030, Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), wherein the tourism system would usher in a change in business practices, public policies and even consumer behaviour which would make the Tourism sector Sustainable. The following objectives were framed to conduct the study i) to assess the pulse of the Indian Tourism Travel and Hospitality (TTH) with regard to Sustainability certifications, ii) to collate and assess inputs and data available in the public domain with regard to Sustainability certification, and iii) to find out the opinion of experts who work in the domain of sustainability and certifications. To make the traveller more conscious and make tourism regenerative; the facet of ‘eco-label’ is one of the indicators that helps to quantify sustainable production, sustainable consumption and therefore, sustainable development. Herein, we can say that, “Eco-labelling,” “Eco-Certification” in the Tourism Business would lead to Sustainable Practices which ultimately would become a follow up for good practices, that not only will solve the Environmental issues, but will address the socio-economic and cultural facets. This is true for the simple reason, one in ten jobs globally is in the tourism sector and tourism accounts for ten percent of Global GDP; clearly bringing in concerns for social, economic and environmental sustainability, which will ensure a demand for products and services in the tourism sector which focus on Sustainability. The Indian Tourism Scenario with its multiple players, the large hotel sector with multiple chains, the resorts spread across the country, the Airlines, the Travel Agents, the Tour Operators, the Communities involved in Tourism directly and indirectly at the operational level and the Government at the Federal Level and the State Governments who actually implement the Tourism programs. The Study is part of an ongoing research, which invokes the readiness, or the acceptance, the doubts the Tourism Stakeholders have in India, which would lead to International and National Level Organizations to play a dynamic role to ensure, Sustainability Certifications leading to Sustainable Practices which in turn will ensure the achievement of SDGs, leading to the promise the Nation makes towards Global well-being.

One of society's most perplexing concerns is trash management. Among them is steel slag, which is obtained from steel mills and is used in the building industry as a partial substitution ingredient in concrete. To ensure that the concrete lasts the desired service life without deteriorating, bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) are introduced to ensure that the construction performs as planned. The research is focused on the M30 grade concrete mix specified in the Indian Standard Code. Concrete specimens containing fiber, steel slag, and bacteria are subjected to a variety of environmental conditions, including extreme, extremely severe, severe, moderate, and mild. The ultrasonic pulse velocity, sorptivity, water absorption, rapid chloride penetration, and acid resistance characteristics of the fiber-reinforced bacterial concrete are compared to those of regular concrete specimens.

Pulses or dals contain rich and cheap sources of protein for human consumption and their production and consumption are important in maintaining food security. Cultivation of pulses also helps to maintain soil fertility through the nitrogen fixation. In India, a large proportion of the Indian population is vegetarian and pulses form the main source of vegetable protein. However, the per capita consumption of pluses has declined from 69 grams/day in 1960-61 to 36 grams/day in 2007-08. For India, the World Health Organization recommends a minimum consumption of 80 grams of pulses / capita /day. The size of Pulses economy of the world is 61.3 million MT. India is the largest producing country with 22 % (13.50 million MT) of the world production concentrated in India, 30 per cent of total consumption and 33 per cent of global acreage under pulses. Productivity of pulses in India has been very low at 622 kg/ ha, when compared to 1908 kg/ha in Canada / USA. Even though India is the largest pulses producer of the world, it imports large amount of pulses from rest of the world. India also used to be an exporter of pulses but in June 2006 government banned the export of pulses to meet the growing domestic demand. So, it is important to analyze, how the inflow and outflow of pulses from India has changed over period of the time; why India is importing a considerable amount of pulses; examine the impact of inflow of pulses in terms of area under cultivation, quantum of production, prices and net food grains availability for the consumers. But, as India has a large vegetarian population, which is largely dependent upon pulses, wheat and milk as its major source of protein, the size of consumption of pulses in India is around 16 million MT. In order to meet such demand, India is dependent upon import of pulses to the extent of 23 million MT. India imports its requirements from various countries, such as Myanmar (Urad & Tur), Canada, Australia and various other countries. The research project tries to review the current import policy, the tendering mechanism presently employed by the Indian government & suggests some direction for policies to government of India in import of pulses, which will definitely help to frame out a long term strategy in import of pulses & also assure to meet pulses demand of the country with stabilizing the rising prices of pulses in Indian market giving relief to the Indian consumer. vi Pulse importers face a number of risks that threaten the profitability of their transactions. Many importers forward sell their products before taking physical possession of them. Falling domestic prices prior to delivery provide incentive for buyers to renege on contracts. Domestic market conditions, particularly variability in domestic production and import activities, also affect pulse prices. The volume of business and the prices contracted by other importers serving the same market are key factors affecting an importer's profitability. Multiple impending shipments can flood the market and lead to lower prices, increasing the probability of default by domestic clients. Thus, traders closely monitor competitors' transactions but appear to operate independently, with not much communication between them except through their brokers. Indian importers also face foreign exchange risk because transactions with every country are conducted in U.S. dollar.

Abstract The establishment of mass media organizations in India is contemporaneous with that of its counterparts in the developed world. Indian Media Giants: Unveiling the Business Dynamics of Print Legacies is an analytical chronicle of six Indian mega media conglomerates' individual odyssey from their humble, incipient beginnings in the pre-independence era to their transformation into powerful business empires in the digitised world. The book traces Indian Media metamorphosis, the birth, phase-wise contours of growth and development, travails and trajectories, organizational structures, editorial policies and business dynamics of print majors in India, namely, The Times Group, The Hindu Group, The Hindustan Times Limited, The Indian Express Group, Dainik Jagran Limited and DB Corp Limited. It unravels their understanding of the values of co-dependence, collaboration, and competition with their contemporaries. It is an untold story of how these organizations leapt over the perimeters of conventional greatness to achieve unmeasured success that spans the globe. The book analyses how innovations have been brought in the management policies of these print businesses, with respect to production, distribution, consumption, while accrediting the visionary leadership that drives each organisation forward in its endeavours. What the case studies also details, is the wide extent of strategic intent enunciation; the role of product lines, development and diversification into radio, TV, digital and other segments; geographical spread, expansion, regional penetration and international footprint; the role of technological advancements in throwing up unimaginably new business opportunities; strategic alliances, mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures and takeovers; manpower management policies; CSR activities and financial performance of these media giants. The theoretical implications of the growth of media organisations in terms of the nature of mass media and its products are also underlined. The book focuses on the theoretical framework of media management and pays attention on the changing media management practices from one era to another, gradually orienting and re-orienting the strategic positioning of respective media giants to the pulse of the media market and the opportunities under various regulatory regimes. It is replete with the meticulous analysis of the editorial values and business dynamics upon which their legacies are founded, changing business models adopted by the media moguls, the ripples they have created in the media world and how they are constantly being modified to suit the tastes of the modernising market. With this, and more, Indian Media Giants is a holistic compendium that offers multiple perspectives on how print media organizations in India have grown from strength to strength and have become platform agnostic. The book also details the changing media landscape in India and also underlines the efforts of media giants in retaining print while embracing the digital. The book will be of immense value to the academic fraternity and industry professionals to gain an incisive as well as panoptic view and understanding of the Indian media conglomerates. Compressed in these pages is the analytical story of the past, present and future of the Indian print legacies for the pleasure and curiosity of the readers.

Abstract Journalism has seen a lot of changes over the period of time and therefore with the advent of digitalization there were some changes in the industry which were bound to happen. It is an inevitable journey. There are many digital ventures which are striving hard to make a mark in the industry. They are trying new ways of connecting with the fast-changing digital audience. It is not easy to create a niche in this booming sector, as this is a novel industry the idea as to how to develop a market and explore the uncharted spaces is relatively new to everyone. There has been an incessant trial by all new digital ventures and start-ups to understand the market and analyse the need of the hour. In this chapter, the author has taken into account some more digital journalism ventures who have garnered enough popularity. Some of them have really gotten into domains which are entirely new concepts especially in the digitalization era. Some others are attempting the hit and trial method. Some are trailblazers, while others are fairly good at what they do and they get their kind of audiences too. Some of them get the engagement more specific while others have a scattered audience. Let us understand how some of the digital ventures are exploring entertainment, journalism, technology, development news, and sensitive socio-cultural issues as the themes of their respective portals and how they are surviving or thriving as an entrepreneur. This penultimate chapter talks about the rise of other digital media organizations that have mushroomed in India. The chapter briefly covers organizations such as The Citizen, Khabar Lahariya, Editorji, SheThePeople, Gaon Connection, Newsclick, NEWJ, CGNet Swara, Indian Observer Post, How India Lives, The News Minute, Pulse India, OpIndia, Cobrapost, Catch News, POPxo, Asiaville, MediaCrooks, Homegrown, BlackMonk, Sportskeeda, Live Law, The New Indian, UnReal Times, The Hoot, and Peepli.

Resa Bazile is an important voice in the current Baby Doll tradition. Cinnamon Black is an entertainer, a queen in the Fi Yi Yi Mandigo Warriors Mardi Gras Indian tribe, a Voodoo practitioner and reader at the New Orleans Historic Voodoo Museum in New Orleans, and a cultural consultant for documentaries, film industry projects, and media outlets. With her finger on the pulse of New Orleans’ past and present spiritual and cultural heritage, this interview with Resa, who is best known as “Cinnamon Black,” delves into the meaning of the Baby Doll tradition, her group, the Treme Million Dollar Baby Dolls, about the modern revival of the tradition, about the impact of white women maskers on the tradition, and what she sees as the future of the practice.

Sustainable development means the utilization of resources at a rate less than the rate at which they are renewing. In India infrastructure industry is growing rapidly due to globalization and raising awareness. In the present study, challenges faced by countries like India are to sustain the existing expectations with limited resources available. Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure may suffer several types of defects that may jeopardize their service life. This chapter deals with condition assessment and repair of RCC (G+3) building situated at Northern part of the country. There are various techniques available for repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures. From a maintenance point of view, it is essential to take up the strength assessment of an existing structure. So, to find out the reason behind the deterioration of the concrete structures some of the NDT and partially destructive technique are used. The NDT tests conducted during this study are Rebound Hammer, Ultra-sonic Pulse Velocity, Concrete resistivity Meter, Ferro-scanning and Carbonation, etc. This chapter helps to explains, how identified the different parameters of distress building like strength, density, level of corrosion and amount of reinforcement. On basis of these results, apply a repair methodology to revert back the strength parameters of the buildings.

Abstract Excessive water production is a major problem worldwide for petroleum industry as it increases operating and production cost in terms of lifting and processing cost per barrel of oil. Presence of micro channels behind the casing due to poor cementation, which sometime become irreparable by secondary cementation, are common cause for water entry into the well bore. The problem was addressed with exclusively designed organic polymeric gel system with its novel placement. To find out the reason of high water production, the well was analyzed comprehensively and methodically with the help of structural contour map, conventional well log data, production performance, SBT-USIT log, VDL, pulsar test and work over history. Low viscous deep penetrating polymer was optimized in the laboratory. Further the optimized polymer was cross-linked with organic cross linkers to achieve well specific polymeric gel system to invade into micro channels and block them. The Polymeric gel system was placed into the micro channels with the help of shale layers through appropriate job designing and execution. The well K-X of "K" Field (India) faced high water production in its early stage of production. The initial production rate in the well was Qo: 170 m3/d with 10% water cut. Within one week of production, water cut started rising and reached to 100% in a month. High water cut in the well was found due to entry of extraneous water and bottom water into the well bore from upper and lower part of perforations through micro channels behind the casing which could not be repaired with two attempts of secondary cementation. The task of curtailing extraneous water and bottom water entry into the well bore was successfully accomplished by water shut off job execution using organic cross-linked polymeric gel system and its novel placement in the reservoir. On activation after water shut off job, the well was put on sustained production of 63 m3/d oil along with negligible water production. The well flowed with its peak production of 81m3/d with 3.5 % water cut after job and resulted in incremental oil gain of more than 35,000 m3 in two years. The novelty of this job lies in the approach of repairing of cement behind casing with polymeric gel system when attempts of secondary cementations become unsuccessful. Novelty also exists in optimization of well specific gel system and ensuring their penetration into micro channels with appropriate designing of job plan and its execution.