Thematische Bibliographien / Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 5. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time"

Rynkiewicz, Andrzej. „Attentive Perception Can Diminish Vagal Inhibition“. Journal of Psychophysiology 20, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.20.1.52.

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A systematic decrease in heart rate when anticipating an important stimulus or when preparing to react is called anticipatory bradycardia. Numerous studies have shown that the initiation of motor activity prompts the termination of anticipatory bradycardia in reaction time tasks. However, in experiments with procedures based on more complex reactions, the termination of anticipatory bradycardia is delayed until later cardiac cycles. This unexpected effect may be attributed to perceptual processes that are engaged in the feedback mechanism essential for effectiveness in prolonged and complex motor reactions. The experiment presented in this article was carried out to verify the hypothesis that the initiation of a motor reaction, when processed simultaneously with sustained attentive perception, does not evoke acceleration of heart rate. The experimental task was a simulated shooting at a moving target. The procedure in the experimental group induced participants to attentively observe events before and after the required reaction, whereas in the control group, attentive perception of task events after the reaction was not possible. The expected pattern of heart-rate changes appeared in the experimental group. During the initial block of trials, the initiation of the motor reaction did not evoke immediate termination of anticipatory bradycardia. During later trials in the experimental group and during all trials in the control group, heart-rate changes were completely typical - heart rate increased after the motor reaction began. The results show that attentive perception engaged immediately after the initiation of motor activity can affect the pattern of phasic heart-rate changes observed during typical reaction time tasks. Additionally, the difference between the patterns characteristic of the initial and later trials suggests possible competition between the neuronal influences that modulate heart rate.

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Quoilin, Caroline, Fanny Fievez und Julie Duque. „Preparatory inhibition: Impact of choice in reaction time tasks“. Neuropsychologia 129 (Juni 2019): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.016.

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Medina, Luis D., Ellen Woo, Yaneth Rodriguez-Agudelo, Hector Chaparro Maldonado, Dahyun Yi, Giovanni Coppola, Yan Zhou, Helena C. Chui und John M. Ringman. „Reaction time and response inhibition in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease“. Brain and Cognition 147 (Februar 2021): 105656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105656.

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Klapp, Stuart T., und Leighton B. Hinkley. „The negative compatibility effect: Unconscious inhibition influences reaction time and response selection.“ Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 131, Nr. 2 (2002): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.131.2.255.

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Gellatly, Angus, Geoff Cole, Claire Fox und Matthew Johnson. „Response Inhibition Can Affect Reaction Time to Abrupt-Onset Visual Displays“. Perception 32, Nr. 11 (November 2003): 1377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3361.

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Reaction time (RT) to abrupt-onset stimuli has been widely used for more than a century to measure the duration of perceptuo-cognitive and motor processes [Donders, 1868/1969 Attention and Performance II (1969 Acta Psychologica30 412–431)]. A complicating factor with the RT method is that of response withholding, or response inhibition (RI). The occurrence of RI (under this or other names) has been widely discussed in relation to studies of motor processes but has been largely ignored in relation to studies of perceptuo-cognitive processes. We demonstrate that RI can be a confounding factor when RT to abrupt-onset displays is used to study perceptual and cognitive processes. In experiment 1, new-object targets were more accurately detected than old-object targets in an unspeeded task, but were responded to more slowly in an RT task. Consistent with an interpretation in terms of RI, this pattern of results was dependent on the difficulty of target detection. The data of three further experiments also support predictions from the RI interpretation. It is suggested that RI may be an under-acknowledged factor in RT studies of perceptual and cognitive processes with abrupt-onset displays.

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Tanaka, Yasuto, und Shinsuke Shimojo. „Repetition priming reveals sustained facilitation and transient inhibition in reaction time.“ Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 26, Nr. 4 (2000): 1421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.26.4.1421.

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Mayr, Susanne, Michael Niedeggen, Axel Buchner und Guido Orgs. „The Level of Reaction Time Determines the ERP Correlates of Auditory Negative Priming“. Journal of Psychophysiology 20, Nr. 3 (Januar 2006): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.20.3.186.

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Responding to a stimulus that had to be ignored previously is usually slowed-down (negative priming effect). This study investigates the reaction time and ERP effects of the negative priming phenomenon in the auditory domain. Thirty participants had to categorize sounds as musical instruments or animal voices. Reaction times were slowed-down in the negative priming condition relative to two control conditions. This effect was stronger for slow reactions (above intraindividual median) than for fast reactions (below intraindividual median). ERP analysis revealed a parietally located negativity of the negative priming condition compared to the control conditions between 550-730 ms poststimulus. This replicates the findings of Mayr, Niedeggen, Buchner, and Pietrowsky (2003) . The ERP correlate was more pronounced for slow trials (above intraindividual median) than for fast trials (below intraindividual median). The dependency of the negative priming effect size on the reaction time level found in the reaction time analysis as well as in the ERP analysis is consistent with both the inhibition as well as the episodic retrieval account of negative priming. A methodological artifact explanation of this effect-size dependency is discussed and discarded.

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KUNTSI, JONNA, HANNAH ROGERS, GREER SWINARD, NORBERT BÖRGER, JAAP van der MEERE, FRUHLING RIJSDIJK und PHILIP ASHERSON. „Reaction time, inhibition, working memory and ‘delay aversion’ performance: genetic influences and their interpretation“. Psychological Medicine 36, Nr. 11 (02.08.2006): 1613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706008580.

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Background. For candidate endophenotypes to be useful for psychiatric genetic research, they first of all need to show significant genetic influences. To address the relative lack of previous data, we set to investigate the extent of genetic and environmental influences on performance in a set of theoretically driven cognitive-experimental tasks in a large twin sample. We further aimed to illustrate how test–retest reliability of the measures affects the estimates.Method. Four-hundred 7- to 9-year-old twin pairs were assessed individually on tasks measuring reaction time, inhibition, working memory and ‘delay aversion’ performance. Test–retest reliability data on some of the key measures were available from a previous study.Results. Several key measures of reaction time, inhibition and working-memory performance indicated a moderate degree of genetic influence. Combining data across theoretically related tasks increased the heritability estimates, as illustrated by the heritability estimates of 60% for mean reaction time and 50% for reaction-time variability. Psychometric properties (reliability or ceiling effects) had a substantial influence on the estimates for some measures.Conclusions. The data support the usefulness of several of the variables for endophenotype studies that aim to link genes to cognitive and motivational processes. Importantly, the data also illustrate specific conditions under which the true extent of genetic influences may be underestimated and hence the usefulness for genetic mapping studies compromised, and suggest ways to address this.

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Repperger, Dan, Tom Jennings, James Jacobson, Norman Michel, Chuck Goodyear und Lora Howell. „Study of Neuromotor Reaction Times under the Influence of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1987): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.2.627.

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Neuromotor reaction times (simple, choice, and decision) were measured when Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously to nine healthy men in a double-blind study. Measurements were made of simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and decision time for each subject at various intervals over a 54-hr. period. Given the observed inherent interaction of the drug with the long time used (54 hr.), most analyses were conducted across separate time epochs. Injected subjects showed inhibition in the normal improvement of simple reaction time (which occurs with practice), and they reduced the time required to make a decision. Choice reaction time, however, remained unchanged across the drug-nondrug experimental conditions.

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Meynier, Chloe, Boris Burle, Camille-Aime Possamaï, Franck Vidal und Thierry Hasbroucq. „Neural inhibition and interhemispheric connections in two-choice reaction time: A Laplacian ERP study“. Psychophysiology 46, Nr. 4 (Juli 2009): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00818.x.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time"

Feng, Chuning Rouder Jeffrey Neil. „An assessment of inhibition in the Simon task“. Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6550.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 13, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Jeffrey Rouder. Includes bibliographical references.

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Phillips, Jennifer M. „Effects of clozapine and alprazolam on cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in a ketamine-induced rat model of schizophrenia /“. Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Phillips2005.pdf/.

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Kirsch, Hiltz White Colleen M. „Reaction Time: Sports and Religion“. TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1542.

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Individuals attend to a variety of various stimuli on a daily basis and their brains decide what to attend to and what to tune out. How the brain chooses what is most important to pay attention to is decided with threat level, novelty, emotion, and other criteria. The current study looked at responses from 41 participants who identified high or low with University of Kentucky, Western Kentucky University, and/or Christianity. The participants where shown two images, the UK logo and either the WKU logo, an out-ofstate team logo, or a Christian symbol. Directly after the two images were presented, a dot appeared on the screen and the participants tapped a key on the keyboard to indicate on which side of the screen the dot was placed. The hypothesis stated that participants’ mean reaction time for identifying the side of the screen the dot was on when under a logo or a symbol with which the participants highly identify would be faster than the mean reaction time to a dot under logos or symbols with which the participant had low identification. However, results of this study did not show statistically significant differences in the mean reaction times of the participants.

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Drewer, Holly B. „Reaction Time Crossover in Schizotypal Subjects“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625639.

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Sze, Hoi-yee Esther, und 施凱兒. „The relationship between rhythmic synchronization and response inhibition“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48691045.

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　　Temporal preparation and impulsivity are sharing two common cognitive processes: time perception and response inhibition. Rhythmic synchronization can be regarded as a specific paradigm of temporal preparation. The major purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between rhythmic synchronization and response inhibition. Results indicated a significant correlation between rhythmic synchronization and response inhibition. Number of years of formal music training was not significantly correlated with rhythmic synchronization. No relationship was found between response inhibition and general intelligence. Regression analysis revealed that number of commission errors was the best predictor for rhythmic synchronization, followed by reaction time of interference. Time perception is anticipatory in nature and should be better examined with a proactive stopping paradigm. Response style was not found to have a statistical significant role in the present study. Further research may further examine the clinical effectiveness of rhythmic synchronization on alleviating impulsivity via its effect on response inhibition. proactive stopping paradigm. Response style was not found to have a statistical significant role in the present study. Further research may further examine the clinical effectiveness of rhythmic synchronization on alleviating impulsivity via its effect on response inhibition.
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Doctor of Psychology

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Birk, Dawn Marie. „Reaction Time in Elderly Subjects: The Effects of Practice on 'Iwo Different Reaction Time Tasks“. DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5998.

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The reaction time of four groups of elderly human subjects were examined to determine the effects of stimulus presentation and task practice. Each group practiced different tasks, each requiring a response when more than one alternative was available. Two tasks involved making responses based on either visually or auditorily presented stimuli only. One task required decisions to be made on the basis of both auditory and visual stimuli. The fourth group acted as a comparison group and did not practice a reaction-time task; although they did perform a task on the computer and their reaction times were measured. Before and after practicing these tasks, each group was given a single trial involving a completely different decision-making task, and reaction time was measured. Results show that practice led to decreased reaction times on the practiced task in all treatment groups. The comparison group did not improve. Practicing any of the three reaction time tasks also led to decreased reaction time on the unpracticed task. These findings indicate that elderly individuals can decrease their reaction time with practice and that after practicing one task, changes will generalize to a different task. If the older population can alter performance on this task, then they nay also be capable of altering performance on other tasks.

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Refaat, Malik. „A reaction time investigation of absolute pitch“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60499/.

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Absolute Pitch (AP) is the ability to identify a musical note without the use of an external reference. The literature focusses on the accuracy of AP possessors and not on reaction times (RTs) in identifying musical notes. Investigating RT differences between observers with and without AP will further our understanding of the processes involved in AP. This thesis aimed to investigate the RTs of AP possessors and provide a new account of the cognitive mechanisms involved in AP. Three studies were conducted. The first was a tone identification study which was designed to identify RT profiles for AP possessors in comparison to non-AP possessors (NAP possessors).This study was designed to show that AP possessors were quicker and more accurate than NAP possessors in tone identification and that they identified each note of a chromatic scale with varying degrees of difficulty. The RT profile indicates that some notes are identified quicker than others and a relative process was used to identify some notes. The second was an interval identification study which was designed to identify the strategy used by AP possessors in interval identification to identify if an AP or RP strategy was used. The results showed intervals were identified with a similar RT profile to tones indicating a relative process used for both notes and interval identification. The data from these two studies was used to construct the first formal model of absolute pitch (the Multiple Reference Pitch Model) which provides an explanation of AP using three reference points and a relative strategy. The third study aimed to test this model by inducing anchors into participants and developing a sense of relative judgment. Further directions and limitations are discussed in the final chapter. These include the use of a case study design with only three participants and further applications of the model in other domains in Psychology.

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Forester, Glen Robert. „The Effects of Temporal Preparation on Reaction Time“. Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4487.

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When responding to external stimuli, preparation reduces Reaction Time (RT). One form of preparation known as temporal preparation results from advance knowledge about when a stimulus will appear. We used Event Related Potentials to investigate how increasing temporal preparation decreases RT during a speeded, choice RT task by manipulating temporal preparation within subjects. In order to determine which cognitive processes are speeded, the latencies of the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) and P300 were examined across two levels of temporal preparation. In line with previous research the stimulus locked LRP, but not the response locked LRP, was speeded when temporal preparation was high. Using Principal Component Analysis, we also found that the P300 latency was reduced by nearly the same extent as RT was reduced. These findings suggest that temporal preparation speeds stimulus evaluation processing specifically, and this explains to a large extent how temporal preparation reduces RT.

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Guan, Hongwei. „Fractionated reaction time using the psychological refractory period paradigm“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Adams, Owen James. „The Effects of Contingency Type on Accuracy and Reaction Time“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248450/.

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Positive and negative reinforcement contingencies have been compared in terms of preference, but the differential effects of positive and negative reinforcement on reaction time and accuracy with other variables controlled remain unclear. Fifteen undergraduate students participated in a sound discrimination task that involved random mixed-trial presentations of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies. The participants' goal was to correctly identify whether the tone was shorter or longer than 600 milliseconds. On positive reinforcement trials, the participants received feedback and money tallies only if they identified the sound length correctly, with each correct response in the positive reinforcement trials earning the participant 10 cents. On negative reinforcement trials, the participants received feedback and money tallies only if they identified the sound length incorrectly, with incorrect trials subtracting 10 cents from the participants' total money (which began at $4.00 to equalize the weights of the positive and negative reinforcement contingencies). Accuracy analyses showed a relatively curvilinear relationship between the number of errors for each participant and the binned duration of the sound stimulus, with no differences across the positive and negative reinforcement conditions. Results also indicated weak linear negative correlations at the single subject level between comparison stimulus duration and reaction time, with similar slopes between positive and negative reinforcement trials, and strong curvilinear correlations at the group level, indicating differences between grouped and individual analyses. Overall our results appear to support abandoning the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement as two separate behavioral processes.

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Bücher zum Thema "Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time"

Tucker, Lannie G. Fractionated reaction time and movement time in response to a visual stimulus. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1985.

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Hautala, Robert M. The influence of an enforced preparatory set on the reaction time, movement time, and total response time of children. Eugene, Oregon: Microform Publications, 1986.

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Müsseler, Jochen. Wahrnehmung und Handlungsplanung: Effekte kompatibler und inkompatibler Reize bei der Initiierung und Ausführung von Reaktionssequenzen. Aachen: Shaker, 1995.

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Lundy, David H. The effects of monitoring response-produced feedback on the psychological refractory period. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1987.

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Response times: Their role in inferring elementary mental organization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

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Sidaway, Ben. Programming time as a function of the accuracy demand and number of movement parts of a rapid response. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human development and performance, University of Oregon, 1989.

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Spontaneity: A psychoanalytic enquiry. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Kondō, Fumisato. Seishin hakujakuji no shinkei shinrigakuteki kenkyū. Tōkyō: Kazama Shobō, 1990.

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Entwurf einer Anwendersprache zur Steuerung psychologischer Reaktionszeitexperimente. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1993.

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The effects of retroactive inhibition and contextual interference on learning a motor task. 1992.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time"

Spieler, Daniel H. „Reaction time.“ In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 7., 12–14. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10522-006.

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Van Breukelen, Gerard J. P. „Some Modified Inhibition Models for Response Time series“. In Recent Research in Psychology, 115–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83943-6_8.

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Robinson, David K. „Reaction-Time Experiments in Wundt’s Institute and Beyond“. In Path in Psychology, 161–204. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0665-2_6.

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O’Leary, Daniel S., und Robert L. Heilbronner. „Flotation REST and Information Processing: A Reaction Time Study“. In Recent Research in Psychology, 113–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9701-4_9.

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Diederich, Adele. „A Diffusion Model For Intersensory Facilitation of Reaction Time“. In Recent Research in Psychology, 207–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4308-3_16.

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Wang, Lijing, Wei Guo, Xianchao Ma und Baofeng Li. „Analysis of Influencing Factors of Auditory Warning Signals’ Perceived Urgency and Reaction Time“. In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 452–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40030-3_44.

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Campione, Joseph C. „Reaction Time and The Study CF Intelligence“. In Advances in Psychology, 155–63. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61162-0.

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Fang, J. Y., und T. L. Davis. „Reaction Time in Parkinson's Disease☆“. In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.00770-7.

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Zelaznik, Howard N., und Susan K. Aufderheide. „Attentional and Reaction Time Analysis of Performance: Implications For Research With Mentally Handicapped Individuals“. In Advances in Psychology, 131–53. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61161-9.

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Frey, Perry A., und Adrian D. Hegeman. „Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions“. In Enzymatic Reaction Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122589.003.0006.

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At some point in characterizing an enzymatic reaction mechanism, kinetic information is required. This may range from the evaluation of the substrate specificity through comparison of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters Km and Vm for various substrates to the elucidation of the complete kinetic mechanism and evaluation of rate constants for all the steps. In this chapter, we outline the theory and methods of enzyme kinetics and show for a few simple cases the mechanistic information that can be derived. The steady-state kinetic analysis of enzymatic reactions nearly always entails the measurement of initial rates as a function of varying concentrations of a substrate at a fixed enzyme concentration. An initial rate best represents enzyme activity because it is the rate at time zero, before any of the many factors that can decrease enzyme activity come into play. These factors include inhibition by products, changes in pH, denaturation of the enzyme and so forth. In chemical kinetics, a large fraction of the time course for the reaction is usually measured to obtain a large number of data points to determine the kinetic order of the reaction. No problems with denaturation and product inhibition complicate such measurements. In contrast, the progress curve for an enzymatic reaction is generally sensitive to the accumulation of products, which are inhibitory and have to be taken into account. Moreover, the activity of an enzyme sometimes changes because of instability or environmental factors. However, accurate and reproducible initial rates can generally be obtained. It is possible to follow the full course of an enzymatic reaction by measuring the progress curve, as in conventional chemical kinetics. By fitting the curves to the integrated rate equations the steady-state kinetic parameters for an enzyme can be obtained from a single progress curve (Duggleby, 1995). This method has a number of advantages in principle. In practice, however, the many complications mentioned earlier, especially enzyme stability under reaction condition, have led kineticists to favor the measurement of initial rates at varying substrate concentrations in steady-state kinetic analysis.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time"

Abdurrahman, Abdurrahman. „Analysis Of Attention, Eye-Hand Coordination And Reaction Time Of Young Soccer Players“. In International Conference on Sport, Education & Psychology. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.06.2.

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GRIGORE, VASILICA, GEORGETA MITRACHE und RADU PREDOIU. „Analogical transfer capacity and the discrimination reaction time in elite female tennis players“. In Psychology and the realities of the contemporary world. Romanian Society of Experimental Applied Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15303/rjeap.2016.si1.a11.

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Gileva, Olga. „THE REACTION TIME AND ITS RELATION TO THE SUCCESS OF TRAINING OF GIRLS 12-16 YEARS“. In XV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m358.sudak.ns2019-15/135-136.

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Dordzhieva, Delger, Vlada Mandzhieva und Valentina Shamanova. „ESTIMATION OF VISUAL-MOTOR REACTION TIME OF SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM“. In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1032.sudak.ns2020-16/188-189.

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soons, H., T. Jansen-claessen, G. C. Tans und H. C. Hemker. „HEPARIN CATALYZED FACTOR XIa INHIBITION BY ANTITHROMBIN III“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643768.

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The inactivation of human factor XIa by human antithrombin III (AT III) was studied under pseudo-first order reaction conditions (excess AT III) both in the absence and presence of heparin. The time course of inhibition was followed using SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose and stained either for glycoprotein or for AT III using antibodies against AT III. Concomittant with factor XIa inactivation two new slower migrating bands became visible on the blots. One of these, representing the intermediate complex consisting of one AT III complexed with one of the active sites present in factor XIa, appeared as a transient band. Complete inactivation resulted in a single band representing the complex of factor XIa with two AT III molecules. This indicates that inhibition of factor XIa by AT III can be described as:Quantitative analysis of the time course of inactivation was accomplished by measurement of the disappearance of factor XIa amidolytic activity towards the chromogenic substrate S2366. Pseudo first order reaction kinetics were observed throughout. The time course of inactivation and the distribution of the reaction products observed upon gelelectrophoresis are best explained assuming a mechanism of inactivation in which the two active sites present in factor XIa are inhibited in random order (i.e. independent of each other) with the same rate constant of inhibition (k1= k2)- The rate constant of inactivation for the active sites in factor XIa was found to be 1,000 M-1 s-1 in the absence of heparin and 34,900 M-1 s-1 in the presence of saturating amounts of heparin.- From the kinetic data a binding constant Kd of 0.11 uM was inferred for the binding of AT III to heparin. Experiments with four well characterized heparin fractions indicate, that the actual magnitude of the rate enhancement of factor XIa inactivation is, however, not only due to the binding of AT III to heparin, but also depends on the type of heparin to which the AT III is bound.

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Ervin, J. S., und S. P. Heneghan. „The Meaning of Activation Energy and Reaction Order in Autoaccelerating Systems“. In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-224.

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Global reaction mechanisms and rate constants are commonly used in computational fluid dynamics models which incorporate chemical reactions to study aviation fuel thermal and oxidative thermal stability. Often these models are calibrated using one set of conditions, such as flow rate and temperature. New conditions are then calculated by extrapolation using the global expressions. A close inspection of the origin of global oxidation rate constants reveals that in systems that undergo autocatalysis or auto inhibition, a simple over-all global activation energy and reaction order are not good descriptors of the reaction process. Furthermore, pseudo-detailed chemical kinetic modeling of a fuel which experiences autocatalysis shows that the observed reaction order for oxygen consumption varies with initial oxygen concentration, extent of reaction, and temperature. Thus, a simple global rate expression used to describe oxygen consumption in an autoaccelerating system is insufficient to allow extrapolation to different temperature or time regimes.

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Schoen, P., H. C. Hemker und T. Lindhoubt. „INHIBITION OF FACTOR Xa AND THROMBIN BY ANTITHROMBIN III AND HEPARIN DURING HUMAN PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATION“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643766.

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Prothrombin-catalyzed human prothrombin activation results in the generation of thrombin and meizothrombin- des FI (MDF1) as was demonstrated by an immunoblot technique. Theheparin-independent second order rate -.onstants of inhibition of both thrombin and MDF1were 3.7 x 105 M-1min-1, whereas the rate constant of inhibition of purified thrombin was 6.5 x 105 M-1min-1 . In the presence of heparin the decay of amidolytic thrombin activity appeared to be bi-exponential and could be modelled by a 4-parameter equation. Fitting the experimental data to this equation gave the pseudo-first-order rate constants of inhibition, as well asthe composition of the reaction with respectto the levels of thrombin and MDF1. The occurence of MDF1 rather than meizothrombin (MT)suggests that MT is very rapidly converted into prothrombin fragment 1 (FI) and MDF1, a "dead-end" product of prothrombin activation. At high prothrombin concentrations (1.0 μM) predominantly MDF1 and not thrombin is formed, indicating that MT itself and/or MDF1 cleaves at Argl56 - Serl57 to produce FI and MDF1. Interestingly, heparin is unable to stimulate the inhibition of MT and MDF1 by AT III. We could demonstrate that MT and MDF1 have a low affinity, if any, for heparin.The kinetics of the heparin-dependent inhibition of prothrom-binase formed thrombin differ from those of purified thrombin added to the prothrombin activation reaction. A lower rate of inactivation of endogenous formed thrombin was observed and,moreover, could not be modelled as a simple random order bi-reactant enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Theseeffects might be caused by the presence of prothrombin activation fragments.Taking the factor Xa inactivation also into account, it appeared that the major effect of heparin onthe thrombin generation was to enhance the inhibition of thrombin rather thanthat of factor Xa. When unfractionated heparin (UFH; mean Mr = 14000, 168 USP units/mg) was compared with a synthetic pentasaccharide (PS; Mr = 1714, 4000 anti-Xa U/mg) on basis of equal anti-Xa U/ml, UFH shortened the half-life time of factor Xa 190-fold, whereas PS shortened the half-life time 17-fold.

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Holloway, D. S., L. Summaria, R. C. Wohl und J. A. Caprini. „MODIFICATION OF GLUTAMIC AND ASPARTIC ACID RESIDUES OF PLASMINOGEN INHIBITS ITS ABILITY TO FORM AN ACTIVE PLASMINOGEN-STREPTOKINASE COMPLEX“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643600.

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Plasminogen binds to streptokinase in a 1:1 molar complex that has activity as a plasminogen activator. This function of plasminogen, as a cofactor for streptokinase conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, was studied after treatment of Glu-, Lys-, and Mini-plasminogens with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-carbodiimide (EDC). Amino acid analysis showed that both aspartic and glutamic acid residues were modified by EDC. Activity of the complex formed between streptokinase and the modified plasminogen was measured using the cfhromogenic substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA. Plasminogen, 2.8 uM, was incubated with 40 mM EDC in 50 mM MES buffer, pH 6.0, at 25°C. At various times while reacting plasminogen with the EDC, aliquots were removed for assay. Plasminogen function was assayed by mixing with a slight molar excess of streptokinase for 1 min at 37 C, followed by reaction with 0.1 M substrate, and absorbancy monitored at 405 nm. Modifications of 20% of the glutamic and aspartic acid residues occurred after treatment of plasminogen with EDC. This resulted in 80 to 90% inhibition of activation in all three types of plasminogen. Glu- and Lys-plasminogens reacted more quickly with the EDC than did Mini-plasminogen, with 50% inhibition occurring after 16 ± 5, 16 ± 4, and 67 ± 13 min reaction time with EDC for Glu-, Lys-, and Mini-plasminogens, respectively. Maximum inhibition of activation occurred within 1 hr reaction with EDC for Glu- and Lys-plasminogens but required 2.5 hr for Mini-plasminogen. The time courses for activation inhibition and the modification of the glutamic and aspartic acids of treated Mini-plasminogen were compared. A significant decrease in activation occurred (52%) concomitant with modification of only one or two glutamic acids, followed on further reaction with EDC by more loss of activatability as more glutamic and aspartic acids were modified. The inability of plasminogen to form an active plasminogen-streptokinase complex after modification with EDC indicates that glutamic and aspartic acid residues are involved in the binding site of plasminogen for streptokinase.

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De Clerck, F., R. Van de Wiele, B. Xhonneux, L. Van Gorp, Y. Somers, W. Loots, J. Beetens, J. Van Wauwe, E. Freyne und P. A. J. Janssen. „PLATELET TXA2 SYNTHETASE INHIBITION AND TXA2/PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDE RECEPTOR BLOCKADE COMBINED IN ONE MOLECULE (R 68070)“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643465.

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F 68070, an oxime-alkane carboxylic acid derivative (Janssen Pharmaceutica), is a potent inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase activity (IC50 in vitro against thrombin-stimulated human platelets in plasma : R 68070 : 2.9 x 10-8 M; CGS 13080 : 6 x 10-8 M; OKY-1581 : 8.2 x 10-8 M; dazmegrel : 2.6 x 10-8 M; dazoxiben : 2.3 x 10-8 M).The compound specifically inhibits platelet TXA2 synthetase activity (14C-arachidonic acid metabolism by washed human platelets) without effect on the cyclo-oxygenase, lipoxygenase (platelets, RBL cells) or prostacyclin synthetase activities (rat aortic rings).The inhibitory effect of R 68070 against human platelet TXA2 synthetase activity increases upon prolongation of the contact time (ICsg at 0.5 min of contact : 5.2 x 10-7 M; at 5 min : 8.3 x 10-8 M; at 30 min : 2.5 x 10-8 M) and is reversed by washing of the platelets.In vivo, the compound has a comparatively strong inhibitory effect on platelet TXA2 synthetase activity after oral administration to rats (ED50 - 2 h : R 68070 0.013 mg/kg; CGS-13080 : 0.8 mg/kg; OKY-1581 : 0.61 mg/kg; dazmegrel : 1 mg/kg; dazoxiben : 4.1 mg/kg) and a protracted duration of action in rats and dogs (inhibition 8 h after 1.25 mg/kg orally > 80 %).In vitro, R 68070 inhibits the aggregation of human platelets in plasma stimulated with collagen (IC50 : 4 x 10-6 M), but also with U 46619 (IC50 : 3.8 x 10-6 M) without affecting the primary aggregation reaction elicited by ADP, 5-HT or adrenaline. The compound thus also produces platelet TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade.In rats and in dogs R 68070 (1.25 mg/kg I.V.) potently prevents thrombus formation in carotid and coronary arteries damaged by electrical stimulation.The combination of platelet TXA2 synthetase inhibition with TXA2/prostaglandin endoperoxide blockade in one molecule thus might offer an improved anti-thrombotic effectiveness.

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Bokkers, Albert, Piter Brandenburg, Coert Van Lare, Cees Kooijman und Arjan Schutte. „A Matrix Acidizing System for Controlled Carbonate Well Stimulation using a Carboxylic Acid Salt with a Chelating Agent“. In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202083-ms.

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Abstract This work presents a matrix acidizing formulation which comprises a salt of monochloroacetic acid giving a delayed acidification and a chelating agent to prevent precipitation of a calcium salt. Results of dissolution capacity, core flood test and corrosion inhibition are presented and are compared to performance of 15 wt% emulsified HCl. Dissolution capacity tests were performed in a stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure using equimolar amounts of the crushed limestone and dolomites. Four different chelating agents were added to test the calcium ion sequestering power. Corrosion tests were executed using an autoclave reactor under nitrogen atmosphere at 10 barg. Core flood tests were performed to simulate carbonate matrix stimulation using limestone cores. It was found that the half-life time of the hydrolysis reaction is 77 min at a temperature of 100 °C. Sodium gluconate and the sodium salt of D-glucoheptonic acid were identified to successfully prevent the precipitation of the reaction product calcium glycolate at a temperature of 40 °C. Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the treated cores at optimum injection rate showed a single wormhole formed. At 150 °C an optimum injection rate of 1 ml/min was found which corresponds to a minimum PVBT of 6. In addition, no face dissolution was observed after coreflooding. Furthermore, the corrosion rates of different metallurgies (L80 and J55) were measured which are significantly less than data reported in literature for 15wt% emulsified HCl. The novelty of this formulation is that it slowly releases an organic acid in the well allowing deeper penetration in the formation and sodium gluconate prevents precipitation of the reaction product. The corrosivity of this formulation is relatively low saving maintenance costs to installations and pipe work. The active ingredient in the formulation is a solid, allowing onsite preparation of the acidizing fluid.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time"

Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.

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