Dissertationen: „Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time“

1

Feng, Chuning Rouder Jeffrey Neil. „An assessment of inhibition in the Simon task“. Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6550.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 13, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Jeffrey Rouder. Includes bibliographical references.

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2

Phillips, Jennifer M. „Effects of clozapine and alprazolam on cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in a ketamine-induced rat model of schizophrenia /“. Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Phillips2005.pdf/.

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3

Kirsch, Hiltz White Colleen M. „Reaction Time: Sports and Religion“. TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1542.

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Individuals attend to a variety of various stimuli on a daily basis and their brains decide what to attend to and what to tune out. How the brain chooses what is most important to pay attention to is decided with threat level, novelty, emotion, and other criteria. The current study looked at responses from 41 participants who identified high or low with University of Kentucky, Western Kentucky University, and/or Christianity. The participants where shown two images, the UK logo and either the WKU logo, an out-ofstate team logo, or a Christian symbol. Directly after the two images were presented, a dot appeared on the screen and the participants tapped a key on the keyboard to indicate on which side of the screen the dot was placed. The hypothesis stated that participants’ mean reaction time for identifying the side of the screen the dot was on when under a logo or a symbol with which the participants highly identify would be faster than the mean reaction time to a dot under logos or symbols with which the participant had low identification. However, results of this study did not show statistically significant differences in the mean reaction times of the participants.

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4

Drewer, Holly B. „Reaction Time Crossover in Schizotypal Subjects“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625639.

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5

Sze, Hoi-yee Esther, und 施凱兒. „The relationship between rhythmic synchronization and response inhibition“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48691045.

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　　Temporal preparation and impulsivity are sharing two common cognitive processes: time perception and response inhibition. Rhythmic synchronization can be regarded as a specific paradigm of temporal preparation. The major purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between rhythmic synchronization and response inhibition. Results indicated a significant correlation between rhythmic synchronization and response inhibition. Number of years of formal music training was not significantly correlated with rhythmic synchronization. No relationship was found between response inhibition and general intelligence. Regression analysis revealed that number of commission errors was the best predictor for rhythmic synchronization, followed by reaction time of interference. Time perception is anticipatory in nature and should be better examined with a proactive stopping paradigm. Response style was not found to have a statistical significant role in the present study. Further research may further examine the clinical effectiveness of rhythmic synchronization on alleviating impulsivity via its effect on response inhibition. proactive stopping paradigm. Response style was not found to have a statistical significant role in the present study. Further research may further examine the clinical effectiveness of rhythmic synchronization on alleviating impulsivity via its effect on response inhibition.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology

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6

Birk, Dawn Marie. „Reaction Time in Elderly Subjects: The Effects of Practice on 'Iwo Different Reaction Time Tasks“. DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5998.

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The reaction time of four groups of elderly human subjects were examined to determine the effects of stimulus presentation and task practice. Each group practiced different tasks, each requiring a response when more than one alternative was available. Two tasks involved making responses based on either visually or auditorily presented stimuli only. One task required decisions to be made on the basis of both auditory and visual stimuli. The fourth group acted as a comparison group and did not practice a reaction-time task; although they did perform a task on the computer and their reaction times were measured. Before and after practicing these tasks, each group was given a single trial involving a completely different decision-making task, and reaction time was measured. Results show that practice led to decreased reaction times on the practiced task in all treatment groups. The comparison group did not improve. Practicing any of the three reaction time tasks also led to decreased reaction time on the unpracticed task. These findings indicate that elderly individuals can decrease their reaction time with practice and that after practicing one task, changes will generalize to a different task. If the older population can alter performance on this task, then they nay also be capable of altering performance on other tasks.

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7

Refaat, Malik. „A reaction time investigation of absolute pitch“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60499/.

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Absolute Pitch (AP) is the ability to identify a musical note without the use of an external reference. The literature focusses on the accuracy of AP possessors and not on reaction times (RTs) in identifying musical notes. Investigating RT differences between observers with and without AP will further our understanding of the processes involved in AP. This thesis aimed to investigate the RTs of AP possessors and provide a new account of the cognitive mechanisms involved in AP. Three studies were conducted. The first was a tone identification study which was designed to identify RT profiles for AP possessors in comparison to non-AP possessors (NAP possessors).This study was designed to show that AP possessors were quicker and more accurate than NAP possessors in tone identification and that they identified each note of a chromatic scale with varying degrees of difficulty. The RT profile indicates that some notes are identified quicker than others and a relative process was used to identify some notes. The second was an interval identification study which was designed to identify the strategy used by AP possessors in interval identification to identify if an AP or RP strategy was used. The results showed intervals were identified with a similar RT profile to tones indicating a relative process used for both notes and interval identification. The data from these two studies was used to construct the first formal model of absolute pitch (the Multiple Reference Pitch Model) which provides an explanation of AP using three reference points and a relative strategy. The third study aimed to test this model by inducing anchors into participants and developing a sense of relative judgment. Further directions and limitations are discussed in the final chapter. These include the use of a case study design with only three participants and further applications of the model in other domains in Psychology.

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8

Forester, Glen Robert. „The Effects of Temporal Preparation on Reaction Time“. Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4487.

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When responding to external stimuli, preparation reduces Reaction Time (RT). One form of preparation known as temporal preparation results from advance knowledge about when a stimulus will appear. We used Event Related Potentials to investigate how increasing temporal preparation decreases RT during a speeded, choice RT task by manipulating temporal preparation within subjects. In order to determine which cognitive processes are speeded, the latencies of the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) and P300 were examined across two levels of temporal preparation. In line with previous research the stimulus locked LRP, but not the response locked LRP, was speeded when temporal preparation was high. Using Principal Component Analysis, we also found that the P300 latency was reduced by nearly the same extent as RT was reduced. These findings suggest that temporal preparation speeds stimulus evaluation processing specifically, and this explains to a large extent how temporal preparation reduces RT.

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9

Guan, Hongwei. „Fractionated reaction time using the psychological refractory period paradigm“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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10

Adams, Owen James. „The Effects of Contingency Type on Accuracy and Reaction Time“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248450/.

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Positive and negative reinforcement contingencies have been compared in terms of preference, but the differential effects of positive and negative reinforcement on reaction time and accuracy with other variables controlled remain unclear. Fifteen undergraduate students participated in a sound discrimination task that involved random mixed-trial presentations of positive and negative reinforcement contingencies. The participants' goal was to correctly identify whether the tone was shorter or longer than 600 milliseconds. On positive reinforcement trials, the participants received feedback and money tallies only if they identified the sound length correctly, with each correct response in the positive reinforcement trials earning the participant 10 cents. On negative reinforcement trials, the participants received feedback and money tallies only if they identified the sound length incorrectly, with incorrect trials subtracting 10 cents from the participants' total money (which began at $4.00 to equalize the weights of the positive and negative reinforcement contingencies). Accuracy analyses showed a relatively curvilinear relationship between the number of errors for each participant and the binned duration of the sound stimulus, with no differences across the positive and negative reinforcement conditions. Results also indicated weak linear negative correlations at the single subject level between comparison stimulus duration and reaction time, with similar slopes between positive and negative reinforcement trials, and strong curvilinear correlations at the group level, indicating differences between grouped and individual analyses. Overall our results appear to support abandoning the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement as two separate behavioral processes.

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11

Sonnenberg, Douglas C. „Effects of visual cortex lesions on modulation of the cutaneous and acoustic blink reflexes and choice reaction time /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418065.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003.
Figure 1 referred to on leaf 2 is shown on leaf 20. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-36). Also available on the Internet.

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12

Alderson, Robert Matthew. „ADHD and stop-signal behavioral inhibition is mean reaction time contaminated by exposure to intermittent stop-signals? /“. Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002218.

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13

Lukeroth, Clinton James. „Reaction time as a correlate of intellectual ability for the learning-disabled“. Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2935.

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This study investigated the relative performance of learning disabled and control schoolchildren on reaction time measures. Both the mean reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and intra-individual variability (intra-SD) and the correlation of these measures to IQ were compared to evaluate the potential value of chronometric measures for the assessment of learning disabilities. Thirty learning disabled students were selected from the Resource Specialist Programs of four participating elementary schools. Thirty control subjects were matched by age, sex, ethnicity, and cognitive ability. Subject's RT and MT were measured with the use of a Hick Apparatus. Reaction time measures were correlated with IQ scores from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The mean RTs, MTs, and intra-SDs were not significantly different for the learning disabled and control children. The control group displayed a pattern of RT-IQ correlations that conformed to findings from research with other populations. While the relationship of RT and IQ for the learning disabled group did not significantly differ from that for the control group for this small sample, a trend toward a unique pattern of correlations was evidenced. The implications of this pattern and theoretical explanations for its origin are presented. The trends toward a modest differential RT performance for Hispanic subjects are also presented and discussed. Findings suggest that learning disabled children are not deficient in speed of information processing. A unique relationship between RT and IQ may, however, be characteristic of the learning disabled. The potential utility of RT measurement in the assessment of learning disabilities was supported.

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14

Alderson, Robert. „ADHD AND STOP-SIGNAL BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION: IS MEAN REACTION TIME CONTAMINATED BY EXPOSURE TO INTERMITTENT STOP-SIGNALS?“ Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2464.

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The current study investigates two recently identified threats to the construct validity of behavioral inhibition as a core deficit of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on the Stop-signal task: calculation of mean reaction time from go-trials presented adjacent to intermittent stop-trials, and non-reporting of the stop-signal delay metric. Children with ADHD (n=12) and typically developing children (TD) (n=11) were administered the standard stop-signal task and three variant stop-signal conditions. These included a No-Tone condition administered without the presentation of an auditory tone; an Ignore-Tone condition that presented a neutral (i.e., not associated with stopping) auditory tone; and a second Ignore-Tone condition that presented a neutral auditory tone after the tone had been previously paired with stopping. Children with ADHD exhibited significantly slower and more variable reaction times to go-stimuli, and slower stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) relative to TD controls. Stop-signal delay (SSD) was not significantly different between groups, and both groups' go-trial reaction times slowed following meaningful tones. Collectively, these findings corroborate recent meta-analyses and indicate that previous findings of stop-signal performance deficits in ADHD reflect slower and more variable responding to visually presented stimuli and concurrent processing of a second stimulus, rather than deficits of motor behavioral inhibition.
Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD

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15

McGarry-Roberts, Patricia. „Individual differences in intelligence: Event-related potentials recorded concurrently with reaction time tasks“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6503.

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Event-related potentials (ERPs) and reaction time (RT) were recorded concurrently during the performance of six simple cognitive tasks for subjects (N = 30) who varied in mental ability as assessed by the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB). Results showing negative relationships between reaction time measures and mental ability were consistent with previous findings (Vernon, 1983). For the first stimulus in paired stimuli tasks, both P300 amplitude and latency were affected by task difficulty. Mental ability group differences were noted for P300 amplitude only. For the target stimulus, P300 latency increased with increasing task difficulty in the same manner as reaction time and it was inversely related to mental ability, in particular for the more difficult tasks. P300 amplitude varied between tasks, but was not related to mental ability. First unrotated factors were extracted from the intercorrelations of each variable. Results showed that each factor accounted for considerable variance. Correlations between factor scores revealed significant negative relationships between intelligence and P300 measures and between RT and P300 amplitude. Five predictor variables produced a multiple correlation of.583 with IQ. Results suggest that P300 latency and reaction time may assess respectively the stimulus evaluation time and response production time components of cognitive information processing that vary inversely with general intelligence.

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16

Mcmullen, Kevin Patrick. „Inhibitory Effects of Food Matrices on Inhibition Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Foodborne Viruses“. Scholar Commons, 2003. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1429.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated 23,000,000 cases of viral gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus in 2000, 40% of which were transmitted by food including: a variety of fresh produce, cake, deli meats, fruit salad, cheeses and ice. (CDC, 2003). An estimated 83,391 cases of Hepatitis A virus was reported in 2000, of which 5% was attributed to foodborne transmission (CDC, 2003). These figures underscore an urgent need for a method that can isolate virus from a variety of food matrices. The aim of this study was to develop an overall assessment of the inhibitory effects of a variety of food matrices on Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, to compare a sequence specific hybridization probe amplification format to a non sequence specific SYBR Green format using the Roche LightCycler. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a food virus concentration and isolation protocol under development at the Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories, Tampa. Three food specimens consisting of prepackaged smoked ham, fresh cilantro, and Thompson's green grapes were seeded with three dilutions of poliovirus 3 (Sabin strain). A viral concentration procedure under development at the Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories, Tampa was used to isolate the virus. Real Time RT-PCR was carried out on the Roche LightCycler in SYBR Green and Hybridization probe formats. Spiking the virus-negative samples of each matrix with a dilution series of poliovirus 3 created post flocculation spikes. This post-flocculation dilution series amplification allowed a standard curve to be created unique to each food matrix. The flocculation and concentrations specimens were then amplified and the standard curves from the post-flocculation seed were used to calculate the loss associated with the concentration procedure. This study reports significant differences (p<0.05) in recovery detected between the various matrices, and Real Time RT-PCR formats. The concentration protocol under development at the Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories, Tampa, demonstrates a 12-78% recovery of seeded virus in a simulated “real world” virus contamination event among the various matrices.

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17

Kingery, Kathleen M. B. A. „Brain Activity During Periods of Longer Reaction Times: Event-Related Potential Comparisons of Children With and Without ADHD“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504869304401252.

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18

Johnson, Stephanie L. „Exploring Reaction Time Differences to Aggression Words as a Function of Attachment Related Avoidance and Anxiety“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1336057562.

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19

Everly, Jeffrey. „Response and time allocation on concurrent variable-interval schedules of signaled and unsignaled reinforcement“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5208.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 99 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-65).

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20

Leth-Steensen, Craig. „A connectionist, evidence accrual model of response times in symbolic comparison /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35000.

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A cognitive process model is developed that predicts the 3 major symbolic comparison response time effects (distance, end, and semantic congruity) found in the results of the linear syllogistic reasoning task. The model assumes that people generate an ordering of a finite set of symbolic stimuli on the basis of information contained in the pairwise relations between adjacent stimulus items. The learning of this ordering is simulated within a simple connectionist framework. The decision-making component of the model utilizes 2 separate evidence accrual processes operating in parallel. One process accumulates information about the positional difference between the stimulus items being compared, and the other accumulates information about the endpoint status of each of those items. A response occurs whenever enough evidence favouring it has been accumulated within either of these processes. The model also assumes that the congruencies between the positions of the stimulus items within the ordering and the form of the comparative instruction can lead to either interfering or facilitating effects on the rate of evidence accumulation within each of these accrual processes. To test the model, data are obtained from the single-session performances of a group of 16 subjects and the multiple-session performances of an additional 2 subjects. The task is a variant of the one used by Trabasso, Riley, and Wilson (1975) and involves paired comparisons of ordered symbolic stimuli (three-letter names). Simulations of the model provide an excellent account of the group mean correct response times, as well as a very good account of the full set of data obtained from the 2 additional subjects (including percentage correct and response time distributional data).

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21

Lu, Jun. „Bayesian hierarchical models and applications in psychology research /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144437.

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22

Deacon-Elliott, Diana L. „Speed of decision-making following closed head injury: The effects of speed-accuracy tradeoff on P300 and reaction time“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21030.

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23

Lieving, Gregory A. „Repeatability, recency, and response recovery an experimental analysis of resurgence /“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1625.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 89 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-83).

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24

Donlin, Wendy Dawn Newland M. Christopher. „The percentile IRT schedule high rate behavior as a tool for examining the toxic motor effects of methylmercury /“. Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2005/SPRING/Psychology/Dissertation/DONLIN_WENDY_59.pdf.

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25

Swindell, Julie Ann. „MEASUREING VISUAL SEARCH REACTION TIME AND ACCURACY FOR A PRODUCT LABELWARNING AS A FUNCTION OF ICON, COLOR, COLUMN, AND VERTICAL PLACEMENT“. NCSU, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19990331-084420.

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MEASUREING VISUAL SEARCH REACTION TIME AND ACCURACY FOR A PRODUCT LABELWARNING AS A FUNCTION OF ICON, COLOR, COLUMN, AND VERTICAL PLACEMENT

SWINDELL, JULIE ANN

Abstract
There is a large body of work written on how to design effectivewarnings. Within an information-processing perspective, before a warning can be heeded it must be noticed,read, understood, retained, retrieved at the appropriate time, and acted upon. If a warning is not noticed (thefirst step in the process), the linear sequence is broken and compliance behavior is much less likely to result.This study examined factors that might facilitate the noticeability of a warning in a simulated product label. Thefactors examined were icon, signal word color and placement. The experiment examined a 5 icon x 3 color x 2column x 3 placement design. Participants were to decide which of two warnings was present in a given labeland reaction time was measured. Afterwards, participants were asked to order the 16 label conditions fromthe most- to least-noticeable warnings. The results showed icon/signal word pairs presented in red or bluewere found significantly faster than those presented in black although red was not significantly greater thanblue. All icon conditions showed significantly faster reaction times than when the icon was absent, althoughthere were differences found between the icon conditions. Warnings in the left column were found significantlyfaster than those in the right column. Those warnings located at the top of the column were significantly fasterthan those located in the middle or at the bottom of a column, although no significant difference was foundbetween the latter two locations. The addition of color or icon overrode any effects of column or placement.The results of this study suggest that minor changes to a fairly extensive warning label such as the addition of anicon or color, could greatly improve warning noticeability.

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26

Huggins, Michele. „An exploration of the implicit food attitudes of people with Type-1 Diabetes using reaction-time and electrophysiological measures“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2880/.

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People with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have to be aware of their dietary intake for health reasons and this study aims to investigate whether their food attitudes are different from non diabetic controls. Adult participants with T1DM (n = 12) and non diabetic controls (n = 12) were recruited to this affective priming study on food attitudes. Participants were exposed to picture primes from 3 food categories (high-fat sweet, high-fat savoury and low-fat) and to pictures of non-food items (i.e. chair, ball). Brain activity was recorded during the affective priming task using EEG to explore electrophysiological differences between the groups. The results found positive implicit and explicit attitudes towards all food-types with no group differences. The EEG data focussed on N200, P300 and LPP ERP’s and group differences were observed for the N200 ERP. The T1DM group demonstrated a larger N200 than the control group in all food and non-food conditions suggesting that there are electro cortical differences in brain functioning between these two groups and reasons for this difference are presented.

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27

Long, Jessica B. „Paradoxical effects of shock the role of shock intensity and interresponse times followed by shock /“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10369.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 95 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-43).

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28

Antonini, Tanya. „The Relationship Between Reaction Time Variability and On-Task Behavior in Children with and without ADHD“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1302028968.

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29

Kitner-Triolo, Melissa Hughes. „Predicting Future Age-Related Cognitive Delcine: Processing Speed and Frontal Lobe Functioning“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27673.

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The present study assessed the impact of aging on cognitive functioning over six to 16 years in exceptionally healthy individuals (20 to 79 years) drawn from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The first study (N = 380 women, 757 men) examined the relationship between age and speed of processing as measured by five reaction time (RT) tasks (simple reaction time to complex reaction time involving varying amounts of inhibitory and working memory processing). Unlike previous research, this study additionally assessed the impact of processing speed, working memory, inhibitory processing, and interference RT measures in predicting future performance 6-16 years later (N=103) on (1) mental status (Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration, Mini-Mental State Examination), and prefrontal mediated neuropsychological tests (Trail Making A and B; verbal and category fluency; WAIS digits forward and backwards, California Verbal Learning Test proactive interference index). Regression analyses assessed which theoretical approach, speed of processing (Salthouse, 1996) or prefrontal cortex (Hasher & Zacks, 1988; West, 1996), better explained cognitive change. Age-related cognitive slowing was observed for initial RT tasks. Especially among the oldest studied (62-79 years of age), slower speed of processing was accelerated by task complexity. Increases in response time were substantially steeper for older as opposed to younger participants. Men were faster than women were on simple RT and a RT task that involved inhibitory processing. A 6-9 year age decline in speed of processing only occurred among individuals over 60 years. RT omission and commission errors showed similar results. Hierarchical regression analyses determined that RT tasks involving inhibitory control, working memory and interference were most predictive of future prefrontal-mediated cognitive performance (Trail Making B, digit span backwards, letter and category fluency). Prediction of the prefrontal outcome measures of Trail Making A and digit span forward performance from simple reaction time was mediated by the RT measures (inhibitory control, working memory and interference), but not the other way around. Thus, the data most strongly support the Inhibitory Deficit (Hasher & Zacks, 1988) and Prefrontal Cortex Function (West, 1996) theories. There was little support for the processing speed theory (Salthouse, 1996).
Ph. D.

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30

Rudolph, Frederick Marlow. „The evaluation of the effects of contrast versus numeric coding, redundancy, and density on input and output times“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33438.

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31

Åkesdotter, Cecilia. „Does Writing Down Positive Self Talk – Self Reflection Affect Reaction Time? : A laboratory experiment with young Swedish athletes“. Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2199.

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Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka om positivt Self-talk (ST) och självreflektion (SR) i form av att skriva i en träningsdagbok kan påverka reaktionstiden hos unga idrottare. Sker det förändringar i reaktionstid mellan första och andra gången testet genomförs? Är det en skillnad i hur stora förändringar som sker i reaktionstid när positivt self-talk gruppen och självreflektionsgruppen jämförs med en kontrollgrupp? Hur upplevde idrottarna uppgiften att skriva träningsdagbok? Metod Studien är ett randomiserat laboratorieexperiment och skillnader i reaktionstid kan enbart ses på gruppnivå. Deltagarna (n=29) bestod av både manliga och kvinnliga 16 åriga idrottare som randomiserades i två experimentgrupper och en kontrollgrupp. Kvinnor och män var jämt fördelade mellan grupperna. Först genomfördes två olika reaktionstest (Simple RT och 4choice RT) med hjälp av ett datorprogram för alla deltagare. Experimentgrupp 1 (EG 1) genomförde en intervention där de under en vecka fick skriva ned sitt eget positiva ST i samband med träning. Experimentgrupp 2 (EG2) två skrev under en vecka ner vad de kunde förbättra med sin träning och vilka konsekvenser dessa förändringar kunde leda till. Kontrollgruppen (CG) fick utöver sin träning skriva ner sitt TV-tittande som en placebo. Efter interventionen genomfördes ett eftertest av reaktionstid och en enkät delades ut där deltagarna fick svara på hur de upplevde dagboken och om de trodde den kunde ha effekt på deras prestation. Resultat Inom grupperna var det enbart EG 2 (de som tillämpade självreflektion) som hade en statistiskt signifikant förbättring av reaktionstid mellan det första och det andra testtillfället. Detta gällde både för Simple RT (p=0.028) och Choice RT (p=0.018). CG och EG 1 hade små förbättringar i RT mellan det första och andra testtillfället men inga som var statistiskt signifikanta. Gällande jämförelser mellan grupper fanns inga statistiskt säkerställda skillnader i förbättring mellan CG och EG 1. I EG 2 fanns ingen skillnad i förbättrad RT jämfört med CG i simple RT dock återfanns en statistiskt säkerställd skillnad i Choice RT där EG 2 hade en större förbättring jämfört med CG (p=0,003). Gällande hur grupperna upplevde interventionen med träningsdagböcker var resultaten relativt lika i de olika grupperna. Generellt upplevde grupperna att dagboken kunde ha en liten effekt på prestation samt att dagboksskrivandet i sig inte var så givande. Intressant var att de som skrev ner vad de såg på TV upplevde att detta kunde påverka deras prestation lika mycket som de som skrev ner positivt ST eller SR. Slutsats I självreflektionsgruppen hade en statistiskt signifikant förbättring skett både inom gruppen och jämfört med en kontrollgrupp. Inga signifikanta skillnader återfanns i positivt ST gruppen. Resultaten tolkas utifrån teorier som Self-determination, information processning och förmågan att fokusera uppmärksamheten. Styrkor och svagheter behandlas och slutsatsen är att fler upprepade studier behövs för att stärka och förstå sambandet mellan positivt ST och SR kopplat till reaktionstid. Ska denna typ av dagbok föras in i en klubb eller ett lag bör designen göras om så att den blir mer omtyckt av idrottarna.
Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate if positive Self-talk (ST) or Self-Reflection (SR) by writing in a training diary can affect Reaction Time (RT) in young Swedish Athletes. Does reaction time change between the pre-test and the post-tests? Is there a difference in reaction time changes between groups when the positive ST group and the SR group are compared to the control group? How did the athletes experience the intervention? Experiment design This study is a randomized laboratory experiment. It is a between subjects design and therefore differences will only be seen on a group level. The participants N=29 were male and female 16 year old athletes. They were randomized in to two experiment groups (EG 1, EG 2) and a control group (CG), males and females were evenly distributed between groups. First two different (RT) tests were conducted with a computer program for all participants (Simple RT and 4Choice RT). After this an intervention of positive ST (EG1) or SR (EG2) was conducted with the use of training diaries for one week. The CG wrote down their habits of watching TV and this was used as a placebo. A re-test of RT was conducted after the completion of the intervention. After this an inquiry was handed to the participants to address their thoughts about using the diary and if they believed it could affect their performance. Results EG2 was the only group that provided a statistically significant decrease in RT time compared to the pre-test in both simple RT (p=0.028) and choice (p=0.018). No statistical significant differences in RT were found in EG1 or in the CG when comparing pre-and post tests of both simple and choice RT. Comparing between groups showed no statistical significant difference in improved RT between the CG and EG 1 in simple RT or in 4choice RT. A statistical significant difference in improved RT was found between CG and EG2 in choice RT (p=0.003) where the EG 2 had a statistical significant improvement in RT compared to the CG. Comparing simple RT no statistical significant differences was found between EG2 and CG. The three groups experienced using the diary in a similar way. In general they found the diary intervention somewhat giving and believed that the diary could have a little affect on performance. Interesting to notice is that the participators that wrote down their TV habits believed this could have the same impact on performance as the participators writing down positive ST or SR. Conclusions A connection was found between strategies of SR an RT. These results are analyzed regarding the theoretical framework provided by Self-determination theory, information processing and focus of attention. Strength and weakness is discussed and the conclusion is that more and reproduced studies are needed to determine the connection between interventions positive ST, SR and RT. If a training diary would be used in a team or a club some modifications should be done to make them more meaningful for the athletes.

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Schwarb, Hillary. „The importance of stimulus-response rules in sequence learning“. Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28221.

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Millians, Jeffrey T. „Separation of cognitive resources within a dual task scenario“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29831.

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Hwang, Michelle. „Predicting Reaction Time from Temporal Performance Indicators on a Go/No-Go Task in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1232664167.

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Glavan, Joseph. „Exploring the Time-Based Resource-Sharing Model of Working Memory Through Computational Modeling“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright149609967802364.

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Getz, Glen Edward. „FACIAL AFFECT RECOGNITON DEFICITS IN BIPOLAR DISORDER“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin985628344.

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Olson, Kenneth C. „A Model of Dynamic Choice, Confidence, and Motor Response“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1323700299.

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Vorálková, Kateřina. „Zrakové vnímání řidiče v dopravním provozu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232688.

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The aim of thesis is a summary and assessment of perception of drivers in traffic from the view of psychology and its influence on various aspects and the resulting effects on driving. Furthermore, it is mainly a description of the visual system and the description of light as factor of visual perception. The thesis also presents two experiments refer to the reaction time and mental reactions of driver, depending on drank out alcohol. Results of the first test of reaction time starting at the traffic lights were just a confirmation of the mentioned values from different publications and the Internet. The results of the second test, which was focused on the emotional reaction depending on the amount of ingested alcohol would be surprising to many.

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Olson, Kenneth Clark. „Confidence for Choices with an Implausible Alternative“. The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1216899227.

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Malone, MaryLauren. „Simon Says: Response Dynamics to Meaningful Joint Action Gestures“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1382372693.

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Wilkinson, Matthew. „Influence of Hydration on Sleep, Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability, and Cognition“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490124037944407.

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Miller, Jakob A. „All of the People, All of the Time: An Analysis of Public Reaction to the Use of Deception by Political Elites“. The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491839441434844.

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Squella, Sara Agueda Fuenzalida. „Efeito inibidor de um estímulo precedente visual em uma tarefa de tempo de reação simples“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-19102007-155021/.

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Estudos sobre a orientação da atenção que utilizam o procedimento de Posner têm demonstrado dois efeitos: uma facilitação inicial no processamento do estímulo que aparece no lugar para onde dirigiu-se a atenção e subsequentemente um prejuízo no processamento deste estímulo, neste local. Em um trabalho anterior não evidenciamos o efeito facilitador da orientação da atenção em uma tarefa de tempo de reação simples. Levantamos algumas hipóteses para explicar este efeito oposto. Para testarmos tais hipóteses realizamos 6 experimentos. Nos dois primeiros, examinamos em que medida a presença de tentativas de pegada influenciava a expressão do efeito negativo do estímulo precedente. No terceiro examinamos a possibilidade do estímulo precedente ser capaz de reduzir a responsividade. No quarto equalizamos a intensidade efetiva do estímulo alvo nas duas posições em que ele podia ser apresentado (mesma e oposta). No quinto e no sexto avaliamos a evolução temporal do efeito negativo do estímulo precedente, na tentativa de determinar até que ponto ela teria alguma relação com a evolução temporal esperada para um mascaramento anterógrado. O sexto experimento poderia adicionalmente fornecer alguma pista de uma contribuição de uma inibição de retorno, neste caso precoce, para o efeito negativo encontrado. Em todos esses casos a influência atencional do estímulo precedente presumivelmente continuaria a ocorrer, mas seria suplantada pela influência contrária coexistente. Em conjunto, nossos resultados sugerem que o efeito negativo do estímulo precedente em uma tarefa de tempo de reação simples, se deve a uma interferência com o processamento do estímulo alvo, caracterizando uma inibição de natureza sensorial.
Studies about attention orienting that use Posner?s procedure have demonstrated two effects: an initial facilitation of responsivit when the target stimulus appears in the same location as the prime stimulus and a subsequent inhibition of this responsvity. In a previous work we could not find the early facilitatory effect of attention orienting in a simple reaction time task. The hypotheses that we raised to explain this unexpected finding were tested in six experiments. In the first two ones, we examined whether the presence of catch trials influenced the expression of the negative effect of the prime stimulus. In the third experiment we examined the possibility that the prime stimulus reduced responsivity. In the fourth experiment we equalized the intensity of the target stimulus in the two locations where it could be presented (same and opposite). In the fifth and in sixth experiments we evaluated the time course of the negative effect of the prime stimulus, as an attempt to verify whether it would be compatible with a forward masking process. The sixth experiment could additionally give some clue about a contribution of inhibition of return, in this case precocious, to the found negative effect. In all these cases the attentional influence of the prime stimulus would presumably continue to occur, but would be supplanted by the contrary negative of this stimulus influence. Overall, our results suggest that the negative effect of the prime stimulus in a simple reaction time task is due to an interference with the processing of the target stimulus, characterizing a kind of sensory inhibition.

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Malapetsa, Christina. „Stroop tasks with visual and auditory stimuli : How different combinations of spoken words, written words, images and natural sounds affect reaction times“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-185057.

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The Stroop effect is the delay in reaction times due to interference. Since the original experiments of 1935, it has been used primarily in linguistic context. Language is a complex skill unique to humans, which involves a large part of the cerebral cortex and many subcortical regions. It is perceived primarily in auditory form (spoken) and secondarily in visual form (written), but it is also always perceived in representational form (natural sounds, images, smells, etc). Auditory signals are processed much faster than visual signals, and the language processing centres are closer to the primary auditory cortex than the primary visual cortex, but due to the integration of stimuli and the role of the executive functions, we are able to perceive both simultaneously and coherently. However, auditory signals are still processed faster, and this study focused on establishing how auditory and visual, linguistic and representational stimuli interact with each other and affect reaction times in four Stroop tasks with four archetypal mammals (dog, cat, mouse and pig): a written word against an image, a spoken word against an image, a written word against a natural sound and a spoken word against a natural sound. Four hypotheses were tested: in all tasks reaction times would be faster when the stimuli were congruent (Stroop Hypothesis); reaction times would be faster when both stimuli are auditory than when they are visual (Audiovisual Hypothesis); reaction times would be similar in the tasks where one stimulus is auditory and the other visual (Similarity Hypothesis); finally, reaction times would be slower when stimuli come from two sources than when they come from one source (Attention Hypothesis). Twelve native speakers of Swedish between the ages of 22 and 40 participated. The experiment took place in the EEG lab of the Linguistics Department of Stockholm University. The same researcher (the author) and equipment was used for all participants. The results confirmed the Stroop Hypothesis, did not confirm the Audiovisual and Similarity Hypothesis, and the results of the Attention Hypothesis were mixed. The somewhat controversial results were mostly attributed to a false initial assumption, namely that having two different auditory stimuli (one on each ear) was considered one source of stimuli, and possibly the poor quality of some natural sounds. With this additional consideration, the results seemed to be in accord with previous research. Future research could focus on more efficient ways to test the reaction times of Stroop tasks involving auditory and visual stimuli, as well as different populations, especially neurodiverse and bilingual populations.

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Piocuda, Jorge Emilio. „Intermediate bilingual comprehension via target language priming with a short passage of discourse“. Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20564.

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Master of Science
Department of Psychological Sciences
Richard J. Harris
The revised hierarchical model assumes a strong lexical link from L2 to L1 and a strong conceptual link from L1 to L2, with both links being contingent on L2 fluency. The bilingual memory literature has discussed the role of L2 fluency in bilingual lexical and semantic retrieval; however, little is known on how priming for a target language (L1 or L2) may affect lexical and semantic access or how it is affected by L2 proficiency. The present study utilized the revised hierarchical model to examine how language priming and intermediate levels of L2 fluency affects bilingual lexical and semantic retrieval in a yes/no image/word task. 181 participants read four paragraphs of discourse to prime for a specific target language (English or Spanish) and performed a modified picture-word interference task (MPWI), in which they had to determine if image/word pairs were congruent (matched) or incongruent (did not match). The main dependent variables were accuracy and RT on the MPWI task. Additional DVs were accuracy and RT on comprehension questions over the content of the priming discourse and question type (explicit, factual, and pragmatic). Across intermediate levels of L2 fluency, those more fluent performed faster and were more accurate on the MPWI task than those less fluent. No differences were observed when the image/word pairs were congruent for English or Spanish, yet there was a language difference when incongruent for Spanish. Readers had highest percent correct for explicit questions and lowest for pragmatic questions, took longer on factual than pragmatic question, and took longer to respond when priming discourse and questions were in Spanish than when in English. The results are interpreted and discussed in terms of the revised hierarchical model, in that fluency, at least at the intermediate level, affects processing time more than accuracy. Limitations of the study, future directions, and implications for L2 educators are also discussed.

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Williams, Melonie. „The Effects of Blocked and Random Word Lists on the Production of False Memories“. Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1196.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Ellis, Robert J. „The effect of musical tempo on subjective and physiological indices of affective response“. The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250634561.

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Pike, Erika. „THE INFLUENCE OF COCAINE-RELATED IMAGES ON INHIBITORY CONTROL IN COCAINE USERS“. UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/120.

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Cocaine users display impaired inhibitory control. The influence of cocaine-related stimuli on inhibitory control has not been assessed. The Attentional Bias-Behavioral Activation (ABBA) task uses cocaine and neutral images as cues to determine if drug-related images impair inhibitory control in cocaine users. This dissertation was designed to assess the influence of cocaine images on inhibitory control in cocaine users through the conduct of studies designed to address four aims. The first aim was to demonstrate that cocaine users display impaired inhibitory control following cocaine images compared to neutral images on the ABBA task. This was accomplished through the conduct of two experiments. The first experiment piloted the ABBA task and cocaine users completed the cocaine go (n = 15) or neutral go condition (n = 15) of the task. The second experiment consisted of two studies designed to develop a within-subjects methodology for using the ABBA task. In the first study, cocaine users completed either the cocaine go (n = 20) or neutral go (n = 20) condition of the ABBA task and all participants also completed the Cued Go/No-Go task, with geometric shapes as cues. In the second study, cocaine users (n = 18) completed the cocaine go condition of the ABBA task and a modified version of the ABBA task with all neutral images as cues to further refine a possible within-subjects methodology. The second aim was to demonstrate that inhibitory failures occur most often when cues are presented for short compared to longer durations of time. Data collected during other protocols (n = 91) were combined to investigate the influence of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; i.e., the amount of time a cue is presented before a target indicated a response should be executed or withheld) on inhibitory control following cocaine-related and neutral cues on the ABBA task. The third aim was to demonstrate impaired inhibitory control following cocaine images on the ABBA task is specific to cocaine users. Cocaine users (data collected in the second experiment of the first aim) and non-using control participants (n = 16) completed the cocaine go and all neutral conditions of the ABBA task and the Cued Go/No-Go task. The fourth aim was to demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of inhibitory control training to cocaine-related stimuli with cocaine users. A small pilot clinical trial was conducted and cocaine users were randomly assigned to complete inhibitory control training to cocaine images or geometric shapes. Cocaine images impaired inhibitory control on the ABBA task, as demonstrated by an increased proportion of inhibitory failures in the cocaine go condition compared to the neutral go condition in Experiments 1, 2, and 4. The proportion of inhibitory failures following cocaine images in Experiment 4 was increased at short (i.e., 100, 200) compared to long SOAs. Cocaine images also impaired inhibitory control compared to the Cued Go/No-Go Task in Experiment 2, however there were no differences in the proportion of inhibitory failures between the cocaine go and all neutral conditions of the ABBA task. There were no differences between cocaine users and controls in Experiment 3 for the proportion of inhibitory failures on the ABBA or Cued Go/No-Go tasks, but controls responded faster indicating a speed/accuracy trade off occurred in the control group. Inhibitory control training as an approach to improve treatment outcomes is feasible, as indicated by attendance and accuracy on the training task, and participants rated the overall procedure as satisfactory in Experiment 5. A better understanding of inhibitory control in the presence of cocaine related cues could be crucial to better understand how drug cues contribute to the risk for relapse and the continued use of drugs because both occur in the presence of drug cues.

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Morey, Sharon Lee. „Age differences in comprehension of affirmative and negative information in verbal and symbolic traffic signs“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/179.

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Brown, Alec J. „Ipsative Score Distortion on Affinity 2.0“. Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1119.pdf.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Inhibition (Psychology) Reaction Time“

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