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1
Szabo, Susanne. „Pardigm or parasite? : the internal dynamics and external financing of microenterprises“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241236.
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Grooms, Heather R. „Team Adaptation and Mindful Boundary Management: The Dynamics of Internal and External Balancing“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1433187796.
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3
Dahlström, Amanda, und Oskar Ege. „A Tale Of Two Shocks : The Dynamics of Internal and External Shock Vulnerability in Real Estate Markets“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129709.
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This paper examines the major potential drivers of five international real estate markets with a focus on pushing versus pulling effects. Using a quantile regression approach for the period 2000-2015 we examine the coefficients during three different market conditions: downward (bearish), normal (median) and upward (bullish). Using monthly data we look at five of the larger securitized property markets, namely, the US, UK, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. We find inconclusively that stock market volatility, as measured by the pushing factor VIXS&P500, best informs property market returns during bearish market environment. We also find that our pulling factors, money supply, treasury yields and unemployment presents theoretically grounded results in most cases with the expected signage. However, compared to the volatility index, pulling factors are not as uniformly suited for informing property market returns during bearish markets. We also find a range of insignificant results, which might be indicative of a suboptimal model specification and/or choice of estimation method.
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Sahin, Turker. „Internal And External Dynamics Of Transition To Democracy In Turkey Between 1945 And 1950“. Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615158/index.pdf.
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The main objective of this thesis is to examine both external and internal dynamics in terms of their preparation for the ways to democratization in Turkey between 1945 and 1950. It was asserted in many academic and nonacademic works that the main influences for democratization of Turkey in this period came from outside as external dynamics. But in this study, it will be argued that while the external dynamics may stimulate different actors for democratization, survival and consolidation of this democratization process requires internal dynamics more than the external ones. In order to check the validity of this argument, the thesis focuses on Turkish democratization period between 1945 and 1950. This historical interval is importantbecause, although there were some efforts for transition to democratic regime by that time, all those efforts failed due to the unpreparedness of the Turkish rulers, the Turkish people, and also insufficient social, economic and political conditions in the country. Within the five year period between 1945 and 1950, both the internal and the external dynamics which would contribute democratization in Turkey had changed. The new conditions emerging from the WW II and the post war period transformed economic, political, and social structures of the society that changed expectations in the country. All these dynamics playing important roles in the democratization of Turkey will be mentioned in the thesis. The period in the thesis will start with the termination of the WW II and it will end with the general elections held on May 14, 1950.
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Rinaldi, Stephanie. „Experiments on the dynamics of cantilevered pipes subjected to internal andor external axial flow“. Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111615.
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The main objective of this thesis is to study and investigate the dynamics and stability of cantilevered structures subjected to internal, external, or simultaneous internal and external axial flows. This was accomplished, in some cases, by deriving the linear equations of motion using a Newtonian approach and, in other cases, by making the necessary modifications to existing theoretical models. The continuous cantilevered systems were then discretized using the Galerkin method in order to determine their complex eigenfrequencies. Moreover, numerous experiments were performed to compare and validate, or otherwise, the theoretical models proposed. More specifically, the four cantilevered systems studied were the following: (i) a pipe conveying fluid that is fitted with a stabilizing end-piece, which suppresses flutter by blocking the straight-through exit of flow at the downstream end; (ii) a pipe aspirating fluid, which flutters at low flow velocities in its first mode; (iii) a free-clamped cylinder (i.e. with the upstream end free and the downstream end clamped) in confined axial flow, which also flutters at low flow velocities in its first mode and eventually develops a buckling instability; and (iv) a pipe subjected to internal flow, which after exiting the pipe is transformed to a confined counter-current annular flow, that becomes unstable by flutter too.
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Engel, Megan Clare. „Exploration of DNA systems under internal and external forcing using coarse-grained modelling“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:019ce971-fead-4afe-8794-c1361a40098c.
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The profound simplicity and versatility of the molecule at the heart of all earth- bound life forms, DNA, continues to inspire new frontiers of scientific inquiry. Central to many of these, including the de novo design of novel DNA nanostructures and the use of DNA to probe the principles of biological self-assembly and the operation of cellular nanomachines, is the interaction of DNA with forces, both internal and external. This thesis comprises a survey of three key ways coarse-grained simulations using the oxDNA model can contribute to efforts to characterize these interactions. First, a non-equilibrium data analysis framework based on the Jarzynski equality from statistical physics is validated for use with oxDNA through the reconstruction of free energy landscapes for canonical DNA hairpin systems. We provide a framework for assessing errors in the method and apply it to study a system for which conventional equilibrium simulations would be impractical: DNA origami 'handles' proposed for use in force spectroscopy experiments. Next, we simulate the forcible unravelling of three DNA origami structures, the largest systems yet studied with simulated force spectroscopy. We combine these results with experimental AFM data to probe the mechanical response of origami in unprecedented detail, highlighting the effect of nanostructure design on unfolding behaviour. Lastly, we examine the validity of using widely-employed polymer elastic models to predict internal entropic forces in ssDNA. We develop a framework for measuring internal forces in the oxDNA coarse-grained model and apply it to analyze the pico-Newton range forces exerted by a recently proposed DNA origami force clamp, ultimately concluding that conventional means of estimating internal ssDNA forces are often inaccurate and should be supplemented with coarse-grained simulations. In addition to providing new insights about the DNA systems we present, our results highlight the significant fruits of complementing experimental studies with coarse-grained simulations.
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Pineres, Ramirez Julian. „The learning dynamics of external-internal knowledge and exploitation-exploration : the case of SMEs' learning-capacity building“. Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/359d4c4e-a688-4ef7-83b9-8102bde4ba2a.
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The research in this thesis provides an understanding of the growth of the firm from the coevolution of its learning and technological trajectory by focusing on the micro components of learning and the process of capacity building. It aims to explain the degree of complementarity, interdependency and co-evolution within the process of knowledge integration and learning over the firm’s technological trajectory. In doing so, it searches for the process of capacity building, emphasizing the interaction between knowledge reconfiguration – i.e. whether the source of knowledge is passive, active or interactive – and its orientation – i.e. whether it is explorative or exploitative. In brief, the thesis analyses the link between knowledge integration, technological learning, capacity building and technological transformation.
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Reder, Julian Mark. „The Medvedev years : an examination of the external forces & internal dynamics affecting the Kremlin's foreign policy decisions“. Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:7197.
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The central question of this thesis is what forces and personal dynamics ultimately shape the Kremlin’s responses to foreign policy issues. The legacies of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin are traced from the Soviet democratization during the 1980’s and the constitutional empowerment of the Russian presidency during the 1990’s. These two coexistent forces of empowering the average citizen in a country in which the President is the most powerful authority in decision-making are examined. The forces of the Kremlin affect the current inner circle of Siloviki, Technocrats, and Yeltsin Liberals who are integral members of the policy formulation. Vladimir Putin and his handpicked successor, Dmitry Medvedev, were now at the helm of a government with these three groups of bureaucrats from 2008 to 2012. The Medvedev presidency was confronted with challenges in the post-Soviet space, which included Georgian military operations against Russia and an anti-Russian leader in Kyrgyzstan. In addition to this, the Kremlin was faced with the decisions to enforce sanctions against rogue regimes pursuing nuclear capability, specifically Iran and North Korea. The Arab Spring of 2011 brought with it momentous change in the Middle East and the Russian Federation was forced to decide whether to consent to sanctions against the Khadafy regime in Libya and the Assad regime in Syria. The six foreign policy decisions in this thesis illuminate the Kremlin’s internal dynamics as well as the handling of the external political forces enacted by Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin. Graham Allison’s Governmental Politics Model, which analyzes foreign policy from a personal perspective of the chief decision-makers, is used throughout this body of doctoral research.
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Chen, Changsheng. „Inflation dynamics in Chinese provinces“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1091.
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Une forte croissance économique en Chine et son rôle important dans le commerce mondial impliquent que nous devons analyser son inflation avec les pressions intérieures et extérieures. Tandis que les papiers récents ont concentrés leur travail sur les processus d'inflation en Chine en utilisant des données nationales (voir, par exemple Brandt et Zhu, 2000; Feyzioglu & Willard, 2006; Porter, 2010), très peu d'attention a été mise sur l'inflation entre les différentes juridictions Chinoises. Ainsi, la compréhension de la dynamique de l'inflation et ses interactions entre les juridictions Chinoise sont des questions importantes pour les décisions des banques centrales en matière de politique monétaire. Dans ma thèse, tout d'abord, en considérant les pressions intérieures et extérieures de l'inflation, j'analyse les dynamiques de l'inflation entre les juridictions Chinoises (Chapitre 3). Ensuite, grâce à la libre circulation des biens et les migrations intérieures en Chine, je m'intéresse aux effets d'interactions de l'inflation à travers le pays avec les pressions intérieures et extérieures (Chapitre 4). Enfin, nous conjuguons la variation provinciale dans la dynamique de l'inflation Chinoise et les caractéristiques d'économie ouverte en estimant la courbe de Phillips hybride dans l'économie ouverte pour les provinces chinoises (Chapitre 5)China's swift economic development and share in global trade increasing rapidly imply a need to understand its inflation dynamics with internal and external pressures. While recent papers focus on inflation process analysis in the mainland of China by using a country-level data (see, e.g. Brandt & Zhu, 2000; Feyzioğlu & Willard, 2006; Porter, 2010), less attention has been paid to differences across China's jurisdictions. Thus, understanding of inflation dynamics and its interaction among the Chinese provinces are the important issues for central bank's monetary policy decisions. Firstly, considering the internal and external inflation pressures, I analyze the inflation dynamics among the CMU (Chapter 3). Secondly, because of the free flow of goods and internal migration across the country, I'm interested in analyzing the effect of inflation interaction among its provinces with internal and external pressures (Chapter 4). Finally, we combine the interest in the provincial variation in China's inflation dynamics with its characteristic of economic openness by estimating hybrid open-economy Phillips curves for the Chinese provinces(Chapter 5)
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Hauswald, Christian. „Dynamics of free and bound excitons in GaN nanowires“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17164.
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GaN-Nanodrähte können mit einer hohen strukturellen Perfektion auf verschiedenen kristallinen und amorphen Substraten gewachsen werden. Sie bieten somit faszinierende Möglichkeiten, sowohl zur Untersuchung von fundamentalen Eigenschaften des Materialsystems, als auch in der Anwendung in optoelektronischen Bauteilen. Obwohl bereits verschiedene Prototypen solcher Bauteile vorgestellt wurden, sind viele grundlegende Eigenschaften von GaN-Nanodrähten noch ungeklärt, darunter die interne Quanteneffizienz (IQE), welche ein wichtiges Merkmal für optoelektronische Anwendungen darstellt. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Rekombinationsdynamik von Exzitonen, in selbst-induzierten und selektiv gewachsenen GaN Nanodraht-Proben, welche mit Molekularstrahlepitaxie hergestellt wurden. Die zeitaufgelösten Photolumineszenz (PL)-Experimente werden durch Simulationen ergänzt, welche auf Ratengleichungs-Modellen basieren. Es stellt sich heraus, dass die Populationen von freien und gebundenen Exzitonen gekoppelt sind und zwischen 10 und 300 K von einem nichtstrahlenden Kanal beeinflusst werden. Die Untersuchung von Proben mit unterschiedlichem Nanodraht-Durchmesser und Koaleszenzgrad zeigt, dass weder die Nanodraht-Oberfläche, noch Defekte als Folge von Koaleszenz diesen nichtstrahlenden Kanal induzieren. Daraus lässt sich folgern, dass die kurze Zerfallszeit von Exzitonen in GaN-Nanodrähten durch Punktdefekte verursacht wird, welche die IQE bei 10 K auf 20% limitieren. Der häufig beobachtete biexponentiellen PL-Zerfall des Donator-gebundenen Exzitons wird analysiert und es zeigt sich, dass die langsame Komponente durch eine Kopplung mit Akzeptoren verursacht wird. Motiviert durch Experimente, welche eine starke Abhängigkeit der PL-Intensität vom Nanodraht-Durchmesser zeigen, wird die externen Quanteneffizienz von geordneten Nanodraht-Feldern mit Hilfe numerischer Simulationen der Absorption und Extraktion von Licht in diesen Strukturen untersucht.GaN nanowires (NWs) can be fabricated with a high structural perfection on various crystalline and amorphous substrates. They offer intriguing possibilities for both fundamental investigations of the GaN material system as well as applications in optoelectronic devices. Although prototype devices based on GaN NWs have been presented already, several fundamental questions remain unresolved to date. In particular, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE), an important basic figure of merit for optoelectronic applications, is essentially unknown for GaN NWs. This thesis presents a detailed investigation of the exciton dynamics in GaN NWs using continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Spontaneously formed ensembles and ordered arrays of GaN NWs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are examined. The experiments are combined with simulations based on the solution of rate equation systems to obtain new insights into the recombination dynamics in GaN NWs at low temperatures. In particular, the free and bound exciton states in GaN NWs are found to be coupled and affected by a nonradiative channel between 10 and 300 K. The investigation of samples with different NW diameters and coalescence degrees conclusively shows that the dominating nonradiative channel is neither related to the NW surface nor to coalescence-induced defects. Hence, we conclude that nonradiative point defects are the origin of the fast recombination dynamics in GaN NWs, and limit the IQE of the investigated samples to about 20% at cryogenic temperatures. We also demonstrate that the frequently observed biexponential decay for the donor-bound exciton originates from a coupling with the acceptor-bound exciton state in the GaN NWs. Motivated by an experimentally observed, strong dependence of the PL intensity of ordered GaN NW arrays on the NW diameter, we perform numerical simulations of the light absorption and extraction to explore the external quantum efficiency of these samples.
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Meza, Marquez Ana Stefanny, und Ayala Mercedes Graciela Osorio. „Factores determinantes en las exportaciones peruanas de palta Hass a Estados Unidos en los periodos 2010-2011 y 2013-2014 en el marco Perú-Estados unidos“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625978.
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La presente investigación analiza los factores determinantes que influyeron en las exportaciones peruanas de Palta Hass a Estados Unidos en los periodos 2010-2011 y 2013-2014, los cuales representan la mayor variación porcentual entre los años 2010 al 2017. Las exportaciones de palta hass peruana a Estados Unidos aumentaron de USD $316 miles en el 2010 a USD 30,174 miles en el 2011, con una variación de 9,499%. Seguido del periodo 2013-2014, donde las exportaciones aumentaron de USD 50,700 miles en el 2013 a USD 160,470 miles en el 2014, con un crecimiento porcentual de 228%. Al analizar estos dos momentos, se desea encontrar los factores determinantes que lograron este impacto en las exportaciones de palta hass y puedan ser retomadas o replicables a futuro.
Como parte de la investigación, se realizaron entrevistas a los actores involucrados como entidades de El Estado, Académicos, ProHass y empresas exportadoras peruanas de palta hass a Estados Unidos durante ambos periodos. La información analizada indica que durante el primer periodo 2010-2011, existe una mayor relevancia de factores internos sobresaliendo el factor eliminación del tratamiento de frío. A diferencia del segundo periodo, donde los factores externos poseen más relevancia, resaltando el factor baja en la producción de la competencia, México y California.The present investigation analyzes the determining factors that influenced the Peruvian exports of Palta Hass to the United States in the periods 2010-2011 and 2013-2014, which represent the highest percentage variation between 2010 and 2017. Peruvian avocado exports have The United States increased from USD $ 316 thousand in 2010 to USD 30,174 thousand in 2011, with a variation of 9.499%. Followed by the period 2013-2014, where exports increased from USD 50,700 thousand in 2013 to USD 160,470 thousand in 2014, with a percentage growth of 228%. When analyzing these two moments, we want to find the determining factors that have achieved this impact in avocado hass exports and can be resumed or replicated in the future. As part of the investigation, interviews were conducted with the actors involved such as the State, Academicians, ProHass and Peruvian companies exporting avocados to the United States during both periods. The analyzed information indicates that during the first period 2010-2011, there is a greater relevance of internal factors, excelling the factor of elimination of cold treatment as an outstanding factor. Unlike the second period, where external factors have more relevance, highlighting the factor of low in the production of the competition, Mexico and California.
Tesis
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Oral, Tolga. „The Place Of The European And The United Nations Based Agreements In Prison Reformation Process In Turkey: An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Internal Dynamics Versus External Inputs On The Application Of F-type Prisons In Turkish Legal System“. Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614628/index.pdf.
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This thesis seeks to evaluate the compatibility of the legal and institutional policies about F-Type Prisons applied by Turkish State with the European and the United Nations Based Agreements and Conventions which stipulate certain standards for the penitentiary system in the high contracting party states. It tries to make two level analysis: On the one hand, the relevant Turkish codes and the institutional settings of the penitentiary system in Turkey, namely internal dynamics, are examined in order to chart the ground for the F-Type Prison reforms. On the other hand, the thesis attempts to depict the European and the United Nations based documents as well as the formal reports of the monitoring bodies of them about F-Type Prisons in Turkey.
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Pollard, Matthew. „Internal drama and external theatre“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436381.
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Cherniawsky, Debra Lynn. „External and internal environmental manifestations“. The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303489130.
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Salmon, Sami Taisir. „Strategic Planning for Family Business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4372.
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In this dissertation, the strategic planning process in a family owned firm of Saudi Arabia will be discussed. The main aim is to develop a comprehensive model of strategic planning, specific and customized to the family businesses of Saudi Arabia. The model will encompass all the factors that are unique to the Saudi Arabian family businesses, such as the family culture of Saudi business families, the interfamily dynamics that shape the strategic approach of the family and the unique market conditions or the external environment that influences the strategic planning process of family owned firms in Saudi Arabia. The literature review extensively covers the topic of strategic planning, family business dynamics and major salient features of family business described by various authors. The literature review also discusses the models of family business that define the interaction of various elements in family owned firms, their drawbacks and the gaps in applicability of these documented models to family businesses in general and specificallyt o Saudi Arabian family businessesT. he literaturer eview revealst hat there is no comprehensivem odel of strategicp lanning processf or the family owned firms that highlight all the critical factors that shape the strategic planning process and also documents uccessfufli rms that haveb enefitedf rom thesem odels. Based on an extensive survey of the family owned firms of Saudi Arabia and statistical analysis of various unique features of such firms, the most critical factors that play a major role in strategy formulation could be isolated. These critical factors helped in designing the strategic planning model for the family owned firms of Saudi Arabia. The model was practically implemented and validated in 10 family businesses of the kingdom and results confirm the applicability of this model. The model formulation and validation in the family firms of Saudi Arabia, forms the main focus of this dissertation.
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Subramanian, Uma Maheswari. „On internal and external syntax mismatches /“. The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487760357821743.
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O'Sullivan, Cornelius Noel. „Internal and external governance in UK companies“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10933/.
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The 1990s witnessed an increased interest in issues of governance and accountability in U.K. companies. In the wake of a series of governance reports (e.g. Cadbury, 1992; Greenbury, 1995; Hampel, 1998), U.K. companies have significantly altered their governance characteristics. The objective of this thesis is to examine the utilisation of governance mechanisms by U.K. companies immediately prior to the beginning of this governance revolution. My first objective is to ascertain the extent to which board composition and leadership, managerial ownership and external shareholder control were substitutes or complements in the overall governance strategies employed by large quoted companies at the beginning of the 1990s. My second objective is to examine the relationship between internal and external governance mechanisms. This is accomplished in two ways. First, I investigate the internal governance characteristics of takeover targets and a matched sample of non-targets to ascertain the influence of internal governance characteristics at various stages of the takeover process. The motivation for this investigation is a perception in the governance literature that takeovers represent a governance mechanism of last resort exercised only when internal governance structures are ineffective in aligning the interests of managers and shareholders. Second, I examine the governance characteristics of mutual and proprietary insurance companies. In mutual insurance companies, the functions of owner and policyholder are merged which eliminates the prospect of governance either through takeovers or through the ownership of substantial proportion of equity. The absence of these two governance mechanisms suggests that mutual insurers may place greater reliance on internal governance such as more intensive monitoring by the board of directors. In the case of large quoted companies, I find a significant substitution between the monitoring potential of both external and internal ownership and the utilisation of non-executive directors. I also find that companies with greater nonexecutive representation on their boards are more likely to acquire the complementary monitoring of directors' and officers' insurance and demand more extensive auditing. Managerial ownership is the dominant influence on the takeover process. Hostile and unsuccessful bids are associated with lower levels of managerial ownership while friendly and successful bids are associated with high ownership levels. I also find some evidence that hostile targets possess less independent boards compared to a matched sample of non-targets. In the case of insurance companies, I find that mutuals place greater emphasis on non-executive directors than their proprietary counterparts. Overall, my empirical analysis suggests that, at the beginning of the 1990s, U.K. companies emphasised different governance mechanisms depending on the specific monitoring problems they faced.
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Chalari, Athanasia. „The relationship between internal and external conversation“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1120/.
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This study offers a definition, description, analytical theorisation and critical discussion concerning the relationship between internal and external conversation. 'Internal conversation' refers to the inner dialogues that individuals have with themselves· about themselves and the social environment, while 'external conversation' refers to those parts of internal conversation that the individual shares with others. The central question of this research, concerning the relationship between internal and external conversation, derives from a common observation which remains unanswered: why do people produce different external conversations or different actions or responses when they face similar social situations? In other words, why do people react in different ways to analogous stimuli or circumstances? The individual constantly interacts in a specific way with both her external environment and herself; this process links the inner and outer cosmos of each person. This relationship is formed according to specific phases and operations, and it constitutes an 'agential filter' comprised of certain stages that enable the individual to relate her internal and external conversations. The individual uses a specific process in order to decide which part of her internal conversation she will externalise. This process is defined as 'mediation' and operates differently for each individual. It does, however, have a common aim: the main objective of mediation is to achieve a subjectivelydefined degree of 'inner balance' between her inner and external world which is satisfactory to her.
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Bernhardi, Ernest F. III. „Typography: From Internal Conflict to External Content“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2100.
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This body of work represents a celebration and pursuit of realizing an alternative language, one capable of expressing internal conflict through process and response to external typographic form and content.
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Schlagberger, Xaver. „Polymer Dynamics in External Fields“. Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-57085.
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Ma, Linlin. „Internal versus External Replacement of Mutual Fund Managers“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/finance_diss/23.
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I use a unique dataset of 1,808 mutual fund manager replacements to study the determinants and the subsequent impact of the choice between hiring the successor from within (internal hire) and outside (external hire) the fund family. I find that fund families prefer to replace their top performers with internal hires and bottom performers with external hires. External hires demonstrate superior ability to turn around bottom performing funds, but exhibit inferior ability to maintain the record of top performing funds. I find no cross-sectional difference in post-replacement performance between internal and external successors, indicating fund families, in general, make their replacement decisions optimally. I do, however, find that funds that deviate from the optimal decision have subsequent sub-par performance. Overall, the evidence suggests that portfolio managers play a pivotal role in determining mutual fund performance.
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Martinez, Lisa M. „Latino political participation: Internal diversity and external constraints“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289237.
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This dissertation addresses Latino political outcomes using a broadened approach along two dimensions. The first dimension considers contemporary theories of political participation by examining the impact of human capital, political engagement, ethnic identification, and organizational involvement on conventional and unconventional forms of participation. For the second, I extend political opportunity structure and resource mobilization models to make new predictions about how characteristics of the environment in which Latinos are embedded influence participation by Latinos as a group. I test these new predictions using three sets of dependent variables: broad, conventional participation (voting); broad, unconventional participation (e.g., boycotting, attending rallies, protesting); and Latino-oriented, unconventional participation (e.g., attending rallies in support of a Latino issue or concern; contributing money to or volunteering for Latino candidates). Data for the individual-level analysis are drawn from the 1989/90 Latino National Political Survey and the 1999 National Survey on Latinos in America. Using logistic regression, I test predictions about how individual-level factors influence Latinos' participation within the context of the larger political system. I find that resources, especially education, affect the likelihood of conventional and unconventional political participation. As well, organizational affiliation and recruitment increase the likelihood of involvement in conventional and less conventional political acts. The analyses also reveal considerable differences in the likelihood of being politically active among non-Latinos and Latinos as well as between Latino sub-groups. For the contextual analysis, I model the impact of state-level characteristics on electoral and non-electoral forms of political expression. I find some support for resource mobilization and political opportunity theories. Net of individuals' attributes, state-level characteristics affect voting and social activism, suggesting that the receptivity of the political environment influences participation.
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Sutherland, Robert John Davidson. „Internal and external labour markets : a synthetic approach“. Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324517.
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The elevenp apersa ssociatedw ith this submissionre flect a researchp rogrammeth at has as its centralc onceptualf rameworka synthesiso f the traditionally competing perspectiveosf the 'externalla bour market'andt he 'internall abourm arketýT he Holt and David 'stock! and 'flow' model of the former is integrated with Doeringer and Piore'sm odelo f labour allocationa nd utilisation within the organisationto createa 'syntheticp aradigmt!h at offers, it is argued,a moreh olistic insighti nto the operation of labour markets.O ne especialc onsequenceo f the use of this paradigm is the opening up of the 'black box! that is the f= in much of the traditional labour economics literature. Not only are policies of company recruitment and selection transformedto becomee ssential,in tegral elementsw ithin the researchp rogramme, the externall abourm arketc onsequenceosf thesep oliciesa re seent o havei mportant implications for the identification and analysis of 'problems' of the external labour market. For purposes of the introductory, synthesising chapter, the eleven papers are subdivided into three themes. After an essential, preliminary quasi-ideological discussion of the role of perspectives in the literature pertaining to labour markets, the subsequent, predominantly empirical papers focus upon two aspects of the interrelationships between internal and external labour markets viz. engagements i. e. flows, principally from the external labour market, into organisations; and separations ie. flows from organisations, principally but not exclusively to, the external labour market. The synthesising chapter demonstrates - and the accompanying papers evidence - both the viability and the efficacy of the 'synthetic paradigm! and illustrates the additional insights into the problems and policies of employment and Iabour markets which accrue from its application.
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Bobbitt, Curtis W. „Internal and external editors of Samuel Richardson's Clarissa“. Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720152.
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Samuel Richardson's second novel, Clarissa: or, The History of a Young Lady, one of the longest novels in English, has appeared in dozens of significantly different editions, many of them abridgments. This study examines the means by which Richardson and later editors altered the text of Clarissa, primarily by working with three variables: its epistolary format, its length, and its explicit moral lessons.The first half of the study reviews relevant scholarly research and traces Richardson's uses of internal editors in his four editions of the novel. Richardson's omniscient editor, the most visible and conventional of the internal editors of ClarissR, operates both inside and outside the epistolary framework of the novel. Inside, the editorial voice adds identifying tags to letters and summarizes missing letters. Outside, the editor emphasizes moral elements of the novel by means of a preface and postscript, numerous footnotes, a list of principal characters, and a judgmental table of contents. Richardson expanded the role of this editor in each of his successive editions.Richardson's mastery of the epistolary format further appears in his use of all the major correspondents as internal editors. Jack Belford operates most visibly, assembling correspondence to and from Clarissa and Lovelace to vindicate Clarissa's memory and instruct possible readers. Belford's Conclusion serves a similar function to the nameless editor's preface and postscript. Richardson also gave Clarissa, Anna Howe, and Lovelace editorial tasks, including introducing and summarizing letters, footnoting, and altering letters before showing them to someone other than the intended recipient.Each major correspondent also has a unique individual editorial function.The study's second half analyzes and compares seven abridgments of Clarissa published between 1868 and 1971, concluding that all seven drastically change the novel (yet in differing fashions) despite their retention of its plot and epistolary format.All seven external editors alter Richardson's stated intentions. Four variables shape the comparison: stated editorial intent, omissions, alterations, and additions. An appendix lists the contents of all seven abridgments by individual letter.Department of English
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Huang, Ching Choo. „Accounting for intellectual capital : internal and external reporting“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438779.
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Walsh, S. J. „Biphasic waveforms for internal and external atrial defibrillation“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401795.
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Sandnes, Carl, und Björnberg Axel Gehlin. „Cross-platform performance ofintegrated, internal and external GPUs“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18390.
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As mobile computers such as laptops and cellphones are becoming more and more powerful, the options for those who traditionally required a more powerful desktop PC, such as video editors or gamers seem to have grown slightly. One of these new options are external Graphics Processing Units (eGPUs). Where a laptop is used along with an external GPU, connected via Intel’s Thunderbolt 3. This is however a rather untested method. This paper discusses the performance of eGPUs in a variety of operating systems (OS’s). For this research, performance benchmarking was used to investigate the performance of GPU intensive tasks in various operating systems. It was possible to determine that the performance across operating systems does indeed differ greatly in some usecases, such as games. While other use cases such as computational and synthetictests perform very similarly independently of which system (OS) is used. It seems that the main limiting factor is the GPU itself. It also appears to be the case that the interface with which the GPU is connected to a computer does indeed impact performance, in a very similar way between different OS’s. Generally, games seem to loose more performance than synthetic and computational tasks when using an externalGPU rather than an internal one. It was also discovered that there are too many variables for any real conclusions to be drawn from the gathered results. This as theresults were sometimes very inconclusive and conflicting. So while the outcomes can be generalized, more research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be made.
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Daniele, Cappelletti. „Between external and internal space : an urban transition“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72623.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Page 283 blank. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-282).
The aim of this dissertation is to explore the evolution of both architecture and urban space, in terms of mutual relationship between solids and voids, with particular attention to two transitional moments of ancient and modern history: the Hellenistic and Baroque periods. This study is the result of the consideration that in certain periods, at least in western history, there is a clear predominance of either interior or exterior space in relation to architecture. If on one hand external space seems to predominate in Greek and modern architecture, interior space is prevalent between the Roman and the Renaissance periods. The hypothesis is that both the Hellenistic and Baroque periods represent intermediate phases in the historical transition between interior and exterior space and that this transition is manifested, through the transformations of the urban fabric, in the enclosed civic spaces of forums and squares. The methodological approach can be more easily described defining what this analysis is not meant to be: this examination is neither intended to be an urban theory nor a historical study. The intention is to interrelate theory and history, remaining distant from the necessary abstraction of urban design theory and, at the same time, avoiding the indispensable specificity and attention to details required by architecture history.
by Daniele Cappelletti.
S.M.
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Peng, Xinjia. „Linguistic Innovations in Chinese: Internal and External Factors“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22707.
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This dissertation seeks to deepen understanding towards language change by answering three questions: What is the unit of change? What is the manner of change? What are the factors of change? Three cases of linguistic innovation in the Chinese language are examined. Adopting a usage-based approach, I analyze the language data of these three linguistic innovations, and the results provide unanimous answers to the three questions. First, the basic unit of language change is a construction, and it can be of any length, such as phrasal, clausal or discourse-length. Second, these cases of linguistic innovation present a scenario of change led by high-frequency exemplars, demonstrating that language change can be abrupt rather than gradual. Third, the external factors giving rise to the exemplars prove crucial in reconstructing language change in progress. All three case studies present linguistic innovation as a response to a changing material reality. I thus advocate a usage-based constructionist approach that considers external factors in the investigation of language change, as it allows us to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the process.
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Fillion, Lila. „Governing Urban Agriculture: : Internal, External and Contextual Factors“. Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292290.
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ElectriCITY, a citizenship-driven economic association aims at making Hammarby Sjöstad the most climate-friendly district in Sweden. Their next step is to integrate urban agriculture into the neighborhood. Urban agriculture is, by definition, growing or producing food in a city. It allows, among other things, to increase access to locally grown food for the population nearby and to educate city dwellers on many aspects of agriculture. This project’s goal is to offer a large overview of urban agriculture and its different governance characteristics. In addition to the literature review and to have a better understanding of the relevant stakes of this field, the project was based on six different case studies that introduce various types of urban agriculture governance: SweGreen (Stockholm), Odlande Stadsbasarer (Stockholm), Nature Urbaine (Paris), the WandelGarten (Freiburg), the Tillsammansodling group of Viva (Gothenburg) and Greenhouse (Malmö). The study was built on desk studies, interviews, and two participant observations. It had a focus on the different governance characteristics of the urban agriculture approaches (internal, external, and contextual) based on a distinction between market-oriented projects and non-market-oriented ones. The findings showed similarities between the case studies on different points such as their approaches to sustainability or the need to have external partners and political support. They showed as well the importance to take into account the external and contextual factors for projects to be well-integrated into the urban system.
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Elrifaei, Eman. „MODE LOCKED RESONANCE VIA INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL REFLECTIONS“. OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1805.
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The goal of this research was to study the polarization effect on the achievability of mode locked laser signal in accordance to polarization dependency. Polarization characterization was studied in prior to mode locking to determine semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) polarization dependency. It was found that per SOA manufacturer a variation of dependency was recognized. Two setups were suggested based on dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) schemes, the external DSR with regenerative feedback and the total internal reflection (TIR) DSR. The laser operated at 1530nm for multiple SOA manufacturers and was capable of generating ultrashort pulses with different durations as listed in Table (3.2.3) and Table (3.3.2). For the external mode-lock, the maximum achieved average output power of 3.40mW corresponding to ~77.15fJ of output pulse energy through continuous pumping by gain modulation of an SOA used as the active medium. While the TIR mode-lock the maximum achieved average output power for mode-locked signal of 5.25mW corresponding to ~23.73fJ of output pulse energy.It was concluded that the output pulse of the external DSR setup showed polarization dependency for two SOAs A and C and provided mode locked signals with pulse width ranging between 1200ps and 1000ps with repetition rate approximately of 35MHz and 101MHz respectively. The TIR DSR had a variation in results also to be polarization related. While SOA D did not provide mode-locked signal output. The least polarization dependent SOAs E and X did not provide distinctive stable mode-locked signal. While increased sensitivity towards polarization however resulted in stronger mode locked signal for SOAs A and C with FWHM between 200ps and 350ps and a repetition rate of approximately 20MHz. For future work, it is recommended to adjust the setup length in addition to fine tuning polarizer and filters to improve pulse stability and eliminate the noise effect.
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Pei, Ker-Wei. „A Comparative Study of Internal and External Auditors' Judgment of Internal Auditor Independence“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331822/.
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The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence relevant to perceptions of internal auditor independence. Specifically, this study investigates how the auditor practitioners (both internal and external auditors) perceive the importance of five selected factors that characterize the organizational settings of an internal audit department. Role theory is the frame of reference used to develop the conceptual model for this study in which the judgment of internal auditor independence is viewed as the role perception of internal auditors. A modified version of the Brunswik's lens model was developed to provide "paramorphic" representation of judgment of independence. The research methodology of this study is based upon a laboratory experiment in which a replicated factorial design was used to elicit the subjects' judgments of independence. The data collected from this experiment were analyzed by three statistical methods: conjoint measurement, multiple regression, and cluster analysis. The major findings follow. First, the five selected factors were not perceived as equally important by the subjects. In general, internal auditor's scope of audit. scope o^ service, and reporting level were perceived as more important than adequacy of organizational support. and formalization of audit policies. Second, the two groups of auditors disagree, significantly, on the relative importance of scope of internal audit service. Third, while large individual differences existed on the relative importance of the five selected factors, the degree of judgment consensus, in general, is high within each auditor group. Fourth, the internal auditor's perceived role conflict and role ambiguity were inversely related to his perceived level of professional autonomy. Finally, the internal auditors' judgments were not notably affected by the perceptions of their own organizational environment. However, as evidenced by the different types of experienced role conflict and ambiguity, the nature of these auditors' environment varied considerably, Given the above findings, the following implications are suggested: First, the organizational settings are critical of internal auditor independence. Improperly structured settings not only affect the perceived independence but also are detrimental to professional autonomy — de facto independence. Second, rule making bodies should provide more explicit guidelines concerning internal audit independence evaluation, particularly, in the area of scope of internal audit service. Third, while the auditor's reporting level is an important factor to independence, it should not be the only consideration. Other factors, such as the ones used in this study, should be also evaluated to avoid misleading results.
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Urbanavičiūtė, Ieva. „The Internal and External Factors of Vocational Path Choice“. Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100204_100201-30861.
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The main objective of the doctoral thesis was to analyze the features of one’s vocational path during the time of undergraduate studies. Undergraduate studies can be treated as a pathway of transition from school to the world of work. Therefore, it is especially important to identify what makes vocational choice successful during this period of time. In the study, several psychological success indicators of vocational path choice were distinguished. Moreover, the following factors were analyzed as their possible predictors: internal-cognitive factors (self-efficacy and vocation-related expectations), internal-personality factors (Big Five trait dimensions), external factors (situational-demographic characteristics). The study was conducted in the framework of Social Cognitive Career Theory. 625 undergraduates representing various Lithuanian universities took part in the main study. The results provide a basis for distinguishing the most important factors of vocational path choice during the transition period, i.e., those factors that most strongly relate either to vocational choice success indicators or to the adequacy of its planning. In the discussion, both theoretical implications and practical recommendations are provided.Disertacijoje nagrinėjami profesinio kelio ypatumai bakalauro pakopos studijų metu – pereinamuoju laikotarpiu tarp mokyklos baigimo ir įėjimo į darbo pasaulį. Darbe buvo siekiama išskirti psichologinius sėkmingo profesinio kelio pasirinkimo rodiklius bei įvertinti, kokie veiksniai jiems turi daugiausiai reikšmės. Remiantis socialine kognityvine karjeros teorija ir pereinamojo laikotarpio tyrimų apžvalga, nagrinėti vidiniai kognityviniai (įvairūs saviveiksmingumo aspektai, profesiniai lūkesčiai), asmenybės (Didžiojo Penketo asmenybės bruožai) ir išoriniai (situaciniai-demografiniai) veiksniai. Tyrime dalyvavo 625 įvairių Lietuvos universitetų bakalauro pakopos, 1–4 kurso studentai. Gauti rezultatai leidžia išskirti svarbiausius vidinius ir išorinius profesinio kelio veiksnius – tuos, kurie pereinamuoju laikotarpiu labiausiai sietini su sėkmingu profesinio kelio pasirinkimu ar adekvačiu jo planavimu. Aptariant tyrimo rezultatus, diskutuojama tiek jų reikšmė teorine prasme, tiek pritaikymo galimybės profesinio orientavimo ir konsultavimo praktikoje.
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Coss, Benjamin Edward. „Designing out crime internal & external aspects of safety /“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212089873.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Jay Chatterjee (Committee Chair), Michael McInturf (Committee Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 7, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: Crime Prevention; Architecture; Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Includes bibliographical references.
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Palmer, Paul William. „External regulation and internal control in the charity sector“. Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7780/.
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The thesis comprises an analysis of the regulation of the charity sector and its managerial implications, focusing on internal control. The thesis begins with an introduction which outlines the aim of the thesis, research design and method, and is divided into four further interlinking but self contained chapters with appendices. The second chapter reviews the definition problem of charity; the debates on politics, convergence and religious influences; a critical evaluation of the Salamon and Anheier hypothesis; the problem for statistical analysis and new developments. The third chapter places charity into an historical, political and economic context; the 'spirit' of charity is reviewed; the emergence and dismantling of the statutory welfare state is discussed and the policy implications for the future direction of charity. The fourth chapter looks at the history of charity regulation and the events which led to the establishment of the permanent Charity Commission. The 1987 criticisms are considered from the perspective of how much was the Commission itself to blame. The new system of regulation and the charity accounting standard are described and appraised against theoretical perspectives. International comparisons are made and the British system evaluated. The fifth chapter looks at the regulatory focus, the charity trustee. The role of the trustee is considered against the new legislation and managerial perspectives of the ideal trustee are considered. Liability and risk considerations, we argue, inevitably focus on an evaluation of control systems. The absence of information on control functions in charities is considered and why a survey was deemed necessary. A synopsis of the findings in 1991 and their relevance in 1995 is discussed, which offers comfort and concerns about internal control in the larger charities. In the appendix are the full results of the 1991 Internal Audit Survey and the European Survey of Audit, Accounting and Supervision Practices. The Conclusion provides a combination of practical suggestions for improvements of internal control in charities and suggestions for the Charity Commission as it embarks upon a more pro-active role. Future directions for research in this field are recommended.
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Cartledge, Nicholas P. „External and internal magnetohydrostatic models of quiescent solar prominences“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14029.
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Quiescent solar prominences are amongst the most interesting and yet least understood of the phenomena observed on the Sun and provide both the theorist and the observer with equally demanding challenges. The theoretical study of prominences is an important branch of solar physics as it contributes significantly to the overall understanding of the Sun and its atmosphere. One only needs to be presented with the illuminating fact that there is more mass contained in these bodies than in the remainder of the entire corona to be convinced of their importance. Although many of the physical mechanisms associated with prominence theory are important in their own right, they are also of much wider relevance for various other astrophysical phenomena. For example, radiative and magnetic instabilities are explored in detail in the context of solar prominences; yet clearly these are important processes that relate to many other branches of astrophysics. Prominences are intimately associated with solar flares which occur when a prominence loses equilibrium. Also, prominence eruptions are very important as they are closely connected with coronal mass ejections. These account for a large fraction of the total mass lost from the Sun and so are extremely important events, particularly when one considers the consequences as this plasma interacts with the Earth's environment. It is the period of global equilibrium of quiescent prominences, though, that is the focus of this thesis. Various models are proposed to help understand both the topology and supporting mechanisms of the external, coronal magnetic field, and also the internal prominence structure and the way in which the two regimes fit together. In Chapter 3 we extend a model for the equilibrium of a prominence sheet in a twisted magnetic flux-tube, given by Ridgway, Priest and Amari (1991), to incorporate a current sheet of finite height. This removes the discontinuity at the edge of the tube and provides a shear-free outer boundary which enables the tube to be matched onto a background potential field. In addition, internal prominence solutions are found by expanding the sheet to a finite width and matching suitable magnetic profiles across this region. Next we consider a global model for the magnetic field structure surrounding a polar-crown prominence. We examine potential configurations generated from typical distributions of photospheric flux, and select solutions for which there is a location of dipped magnetic field where prominence material may collect and form. Once such a configuration is available, it is necessary to construct the ensuing prominence solution. We achieve this in Chapter 4 by considering a simplified form for the photospheric field. We show that the equilibrium contains a weighted, curved prominence sheet supported in the location of dipped magnetic field. The equilibrium requires an enhanced magnetic pressure below the sheet to support the component of weight in the normal direction. The internal equilibrium of curved or inclined prominence material has not been considered previously and so we formulate, in Chapter 6, a simple one-dimensional isothermal solution for a cut across the prominence. This is developed to allow for variations along the sheet and in this way an internal solution for the curved prominence of Chapter 4 is given, which matches onto the external potential polar-crown field. Finally, in Chapter 7, we rewrite this solution in terms of its constituent internal and external components and show how the composite solution switches between the two in a region of overlap, or transition region. From this, the internal plasma properties are deduced and realistic profiles for the pressure, density and temperature are obtained.
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COSS, BENJAMIN EDWARD. „Designing Out Crime : Internal & External Aspects of Safety“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212089873.
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Parker, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann). „Influence of Internal/External Instructions on Children's Moral Judgments“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500590/.
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Past research, guided by Piaget's and Kohlberg's theories of moral development, has shown that young children base their moral judgments on the consequence of the story protagonist's behavior while older children base their judgments on the protagonist's intent. Three age groups of children (144 subjects) heard four stories and were placed in three conditions to investigate whether their judgments could be influenced by asking them to pay attention either to why the protagonist did what she or he did or to what happened in the story, or given no instructions. As age increased, children's recall of stories and use of a protagonist's intention as a reason behind their judgments increased. Judgment scores followed the same pattern for all ages. Results were discussed in terms of social-emotional and cognitive development.
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Pei, Zhi. „Internal and External Drivers of Consumers’ Product Return Behaviors“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804862/.
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Product return is a necessary part of the exchange process between companies and customers. It accounts for approximately 16% of total sales and a reduction in retailer / manufacturer profits by 3.8% on average. However, industry data also indicates that a significant portion of products are returned for reasons other than product failure – e.g., change of mind, found a lower price elsewhere, or fraudulent and unethical reasons. Consequently, many firms (e.g., REI) have altered their generous return policies to protect their profits. However, it’s been found that the restricted return policy could also reduce customer satisfaction, increase the perceived risk, and thus negatively affect customers’ loyalty towards a particular store or firm. Thus having a restrictive return policy does not help either. Extant literature mainly focuses on return policies. Little attention has been devoted to the product return behavior itself, thus missing the consumer’s perspective. This study, therefore, focuses on understanding consumers’ return behaviors, including different types of return behaviors, and the drivers and consequences of these different return behaviors. Towards this goal, this study first categorizes all possible types of consumers’ return behaviors into two broad categories - legitimate return behaviors and opportunistic return behaviors. Second, both internal (i.e., variety seeking, impulsiveness, perceived uniqueness, materialism, level of morality, and self-monitoring) and external drivers (i.e., product compatibility, returning cost, perceived risk, complexity of procedure, and social group influence) of consumers’ product return behaviors are identified. Third, the relationship between these drivers of return behavior and the type of return behavior are examined. Finally, the influence of these two different types of return behaviors on consumer’s re-patronage intention is examined. This study uses a survey method to collect data in two phases - pilot phase and main study. In the pilot phase, data were collected from students and used to assess the factor structure, reliability and validity. In the main study, data were collected from both students (N=367) and non-students using M-Turk (N=395). The psychometric properties of the scale items were once again assessed using covariance based Confirmatory Factor Analysis procedure. Finally, multivariate regression was used to test the hypothesized relationships between the drivers of return behavior, types of return behavior, and the re-patronage intention. The findings indicate that product compatibility and desire for uniqueness negatively influence legitimate return behavior; whereas impulsiveness, perceived risk and social group have a positive influence. For opportunistic return behavior, social group and immorality positively influence both legitimate and opportunistic return behavior. However, other drivers have no influence on consumers’ return behavior. Finally, legitimate return behavior positively influences consumer’s re-patronage intention, while opportunistic return behavior has a negative influence. This study makes two major contributions. First, it contributes to the theoretical understanding of complex return behavior, including legitimate return and opportunistic return behavior, and thus adds depth to the literature of product returns. Second, by identifying the drivers of product return behaviors such as product compatibility, perceived risk of keeping the product, social group influence, and immorality, this study offers managers knowledge that will help reduce product returns, thus increasing their profits.
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Solywoda, Stephanie. „Internal visions, external changes : Russian religious philosophy 1905-1940“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57d397d1-0a4d-484b-b325-a2977c5f23b7.
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This thesis tests the hypothesis that between 1905 and 1940 Russian religious philosophy changed, and that this can be gauged by looking at how the meanings of four ideas (all-unity, sobornost', Sophia and Godmanhood) changed in that time. By looking at religious philosophy through these ideas we can better understand the intellectual climate of the period. The proposal that Russian religious philosophy should be considered a coherent school of thought and the hypothesis that it would be useful to look at its four central ideas are raised and challenged. The theory that a 'discourse' of religious philosophy united texts in this period is examined, and it is concluded that discourse theory can act as an aid in analysis of religious philosophy. Religious philosophy before the Revolution, the history of the Revolution and its influence on philosophy are examined and its productivity is explored. Post-revolutionary Russian religious thought focusing on the experience of exile is also examined, concluding that the political and social upheaval that Russians were subjected to in the first half of the twentieth century added to and complicated the meaning of the Revolution. Themes of isolation and exclusion become more prevalent in emigration, and religious philosophy also becomes more theological. The findings of this research are (1) that changes within religious philosophy took place and can be detected through the careful study of the ideas that make up this philosophy; (2) that these changes can only partially be attributed to external circumstances because internal constraints also affected the capacity of these ideas to change; (3) that these changes were part of a decline in production, popularity or relevance of religious philosophy; and (4) that it is possible to explain why certain areas of their use remained relevant while others became obsolete.
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Fernandes, Ronald, Michael Graul, John Hamilton, Burak Meric und Charles H. Jones. „DEVELOPING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TRANSLATORS FOR DATA DISPLAY SYSTEMS“. International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604905.
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ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe focus of this paper is to describe a unified methodology for developing both internal and external data display translators between an Instrumentation Support System (ISS) format and Data Display Markup Language (DDML), a neutral language for describing data displays. The methodology includes aspects common to both ISSs that have a well documented text-based save format and those that do not, as well as aspects that are unique to each type. We will also describe the means by which an external translator can be integrated into a translator framework. Finally, we will describe how an internal translator can be integrated directly into the ISS.
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Woodard, Karen E. „Weaving together women's learning experiences in internal and external transitions“. Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/685.
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Kim, Jeong-Ki. „External and internal restrictions on PRRSV replication in cell culture /“. Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Axén, Wrigfors Caroline, und Karin Eliasson. „Strategic Management : A combination of the internal and external perspective“. Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1495.
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Strategic management has long been viewed as the concept and process that link an organization
and its environment together (Leibold, Probst & Gibbert, 2002). It consists of the
analysis, decisions and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain
competitive advantages (Dess, Lumpkin & Taylor, 2005).
Within the history of strategic management research there has been an unbalance between
the internal and the external perspective. During the 1980s Michael Porter, one of the most
prominent strategic management researchers, and his Five Forces model focused strictly on
the external competitive environment (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand & Lampel, 1998). Further, in
the 1990s the focus shifted from external to internal along with Jay Barney’s development
of the resource based theory in 1991 (Barney, 1991). The issue of excluding one or the
other perspective has now started to be acknowledged and researchers today are striving
for developing models integrating both perspectives. However, theoretical models existing
today that combine the two perspectives are complex and hard to apply in practice for
managers within the business world.
In order to address the complexity of the strategic management concept we have chosen to
develop a model with the purpose to connect and relate the external and internal perspectives
by conducting an in-depth analysis of a chosen company. The model also strives to be
easily communicated, applicable and understandable for managers and employees on different
levels within the organization. This leads us to the purpose of this thesis: “to develop
a simplified model that combines the external and internal perspective of strategic management
and apply this to a chosen company”.
The research was conducted through a case study based on the authors’ participation in a
PBM (Project Based Module) - project. The model was tested on the company in question
by analyzing the company’s internal and external environment with the means of analysis
tools such as PEST-analysis, strategic group analysis, threshold analysis and the SWOTanalysis.
To conclude it is important to balance an organization’s internal efforts with the external
market conditions and avoid excluding one or the other from the strategic management
process. Combining the two perspectives results in identifying the current capabilities and
competences and the direction of how to use these in order to meet market demands and
gain competitive advantage.
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Solanki, Niraj. „Effect of external pulse on solid propellant rocket internal ballistics“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0028/MQ50491.pdf.
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Ariyawardena, T. M. D. Nihal. „Prestressed concrete with internal or external tendons, behaviour and analysis“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ54766.pdf.
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LeBlanc, Karen. „Weaving together women's learning experiences in internal and external transitions“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ54632.pdf.
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溫智偉 und Chi-wai Andrew Wan. „Internal and external analysis of Hong Kong's air cargo industry“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41717156.
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Ayano, Seiki. „The layered internal structure and the external syntax of PP“. Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4950/.
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This thesis examines the properties of spatial (i.e., locational and directional) Ps within the minimalist framework (Chomsky 1995,1998,1999), which has put an ultimate emphasis on economy in terms of derivation and representation. The principal goals of this thesis are (i) to investigate how the syntax of such nature derives PPs in accordance with the properties of Ps and (ii) to show how the internal PP structure interacts with the external syntax of PP. Chomsky's minimalist framework assumes two syntactic operations, i.e.. Merge and Move, and two different types of outcome of the operations, depending on the properties of lexical items involved in each operation executed. One outcome results from a merger of two items, of which one selects the other. The other results from a merger of two items, neither of which selects the other. I propose that there are three heads involved in deriving a layered PP structure: functional p, lexical P and locative N. This analysis is shown to be empirically supported from languages such as Dutch, English, Hungarian, Japanese and K'ekchi. I also claim that there are also intransitive Ps that adjoin to either or pP. The internal structure of PP interacts with its external syntax. One apparent area of grammar that shows desirable consequences for the layered PP analysis is P-to-V incorporation. For instance, the incorporability versus the unincorporability of Ps in Dutch can be accounted for by the principle (i.e.. Minimal Link Condition) that forbids skipping over an intermediate head, thus supporting the layered structure of PP. Another area offering support is locative inversion: the presence versus the absence of locative N head in PP can account for a contrast observed in locative inversion facts. Provided that an EPP-feature of T is category-specific, a contrast between PPs that can undergo movement to [Spec, T] and those that cannot stems from their respective internal structures.
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Wan, Chi-wai Andrew. „Internal and external analysis of Hong Kong's air cargo industry“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41717156.
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