Zeitschriftenartikel: „Internal and External Dynamics“

1

Clements, Kevin P. „Internal Dynamics and External Interventions“. Peace Review 21, Nr. 1 (27.02.2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402650802689989.

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2

Berndtson, Erkki. „Finlandization: Paradoxes of External and Internal Dynamics“. Government and Opposition 26, Nr. 1 (01.01.1991): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1991.tb01121.x.

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THE POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL MAP OF EUROPE CHANGED dramatically during 1989 and 1990. Recent developments have totally demolished the old rules and beliefs that have guided relations between nations. Although some scholars have even argued about the final victory of liberalism, contemporary international relations are nevertheless far from unproblematic. The internal development of former European socialist societies is not yet complete and the North-South conflict seems to be intensifying. Relations between small and big nations still often threaten stability in the contemporary world.

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3

YOUNG, TOM. „THE MNR/RENAMO: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL DYNAMICS“. African Affairs 89, Nr. 357 (Oktober 1990): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098328.

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4

Mantoo, Shahnawaz. „Nepal: Internal and External Security Challenges“. Journal of Global Economy 16, Nr. 4 (20.03.2021): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v16i4.600.

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The post cold war period is marked by a new multi-dimensional strategic environment giving new focus to international relations and security of small states. Though the US is the only superpower, the world surely is moving towards multi-polarity and interdependence where regional powers and international systems have an increasingly powerful role. In such an environment small states are finding themselves even more vulnerable. The world dynamics is changing very quickly and with it security dimensions are also changing which brings security as well as insecurity to the smaller states like Nepal. The Nepali security dynamics cannot remain separate from the world changes and there are internal as well as external changes which are taking place in the country. More importantly with the recent dramatic changes and adaptation of a new constitution an optimistic political tendencies have emerged but with it the emerging internal crisis have emerged. This paper analyzes the new emerging security challenges Nepal is facing in the evolving new world order and at the same time suggests some authenticate credible and viable security options for it. It analyzes the special characteristics of Nepal and its vulnerability to both traditional and new forms of threats. The paper is divided into five sub-headings which include introduction, theoretical understanding, major security challenges, security options for Nepal and conclusion.

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5

Mokhtari, Fariborz. „Iran's 1953 Coup Revisited: Internal Dynamics versus External Intrigue“. Middle East Journal 62, Nr. 3 (01.07.2008): 457–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/62.3.15.

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6

Chen, Jing, und Sungchul Choi. „Internal firm structure, external market conditions and competitive dynamics“. Global Business and Economics Review 11, Nr. 1 (2009): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/gber.2009.025383.

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7

Mahlakeng, M. K., und Hussein Solomon. „Internal and External Political Dynamics Influencing Lesotho’s Foreign Policy“. Insight on Africa 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087813512053.

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8

Santos, Gerardo J. Escalera, M. Rivera, J. Escalona und P. Parmananda. „Interaction of noise with excitable dynamics“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, Nr. 1864 (06.08.2007): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2095.

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In this paper, the interaction of noise with excitable dynamics of a three-electrode electrochemical cell is examined. Different scenarios involving both external and internal noise sources are considered. In the case of external noise, aperiodic stochastic resonance and regulation of the noise-induced spiking behaviour are investigated. In the case of internal noise, the interaction of intrinsic electrochemical noise with autonomous nonlinear dynamics is studied. The amplitude of this internal noise, determined by the concentration of chloride ions, is monotonically increased and the provoked dynamics are analysed. Our results indicate that internal noise, similar to its external counterpart, is able to induce regularity in the system response.

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Rolínek, L., und M. Doktorová. „External and internal entropy assessment on farms in relation to their competitiveness“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 2 (29.02.2012): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5289-agricecon.

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Internal and external entropy are indicators of evaluation of the success of the firm management. The evaluation of the file of the chosen agricultural firms shows, that the level of internal and external entropy is not too high for the future dynamics and development. Competitiveness of the evaluated firms can be influenced especially by problematic level of their interior social situation (it means social subsystem measured with the help of the internal entropy) that is connected with a not very efficient management of the human resources.

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Obravyt, Viktoriia, und Viktoriia Koilo. „Comparative analysis of internal and external national debt of Ukraine taking into account the impact factors“. Public and Municipal Finance 6, Nr. 1 (05.04.2017): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.06(1).2017.05.

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In this paper, scientific and methodological approaches as for interpreting the notion “national debt of the country” as a whole are systematized, the essence of “internal national debt” and “external national debt” in particular is clarified. Critical analysis of the state and dynamics of the national debt of Ukraine during 2006-2015 was performed. Dynamics of the extent of internal and external national debt of the country was studied and their comparative analysis was performed. Detailed structure of both internal part of the debt and its external part is presented. With the help of correlation analysis, strength of correlation and directions of influence of different types of debts on the national budget of Ukraine in 2006-2015 was determined.

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Vera-Ávila, V., R. Jaimes Reátegui, R. Sevilla Escoboza, G. Huerta-Cuéllar, J. García-López, D. López Mancilla, L. Camacho Castillo, C. Castañeda Hernández und A. Pisarchik. „Huber-Braun neuron dynamics“. Acta Universitaria 23 (01.12.2013): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2013.586.

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We study a physiologically realistic implementation of internal stochasticity in a four dimensional Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) type model of cold receptors. We show that in a deterministically tonic-firing regime, changing the parameters can drive the neuron into a state of complex bursting behavior. An explanation of the mechanism behind this effect is given in terms of a bifurcation diagram of inter-spike interval (ISI) as the temperature and external current are altered.

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Denisov, Vladimir P., und Bertil Halle. „Dynamics of the Internal and External Hydration of Globular Proteins“. Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, Nr. 22 (November 1994): 10324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00101a072.

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13

Liu, Bin, R. Villavicencio, Shengming Zhang und C. Guedes Soares. „Assessment of external dynamics and internal mechanics in ship collisions“. Ocean Engineering 141 (September 2017): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.06.053.

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14

Ammann, Hubert, und Nelson Christensen. „Mixing internal and external atomic dynamics in the kicked rotor“. Physical Review E 57, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.57.354.

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15

Yoshioki, Shuzo. „Internal dynamics of a globular protein under external force field“. Journal of Computational Chemistry 15, Nr. 7 (Juli 1994): 684–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540150703.

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16

Kalyvas, Stathis N. „Turkey and the European Union. Internal Dynamics and External Challenges“. West European Politics 31, Nr. 3 (08.04.2008): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380801940048.

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17

Rakhimov, Mirzokhid. „Internal and External Dynamics of Regional Cooperation in Central Asia“. Journal of Eurasian Studies 1, Nr. 2 (Juli 2010): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2010.04.002.

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18

Bloch, A. M., P. S. Krishnaprasad, J. E. Marsden und G. Sánchez de Alvarez. „Stabilization of rigid body dynamics by internal and external torques“. Automatica 28, Nr. 4 (Juli 1992): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90034-d.

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19

Pegg, Scott, und Pål Kolstø. „Somaliland: Dynamics of internal legitimacy and (lack of) external sovereignty“. Geoforum 66 (November 2015): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.09.001.

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20

Lin, Chin-Shien, Tzu-Ju Ann Peng, Ruei-Yuan Chang und Van Thac Dang. „Dynamics of external fit and internal fit: case of electronics industry“. Chinese Management Studies 10, Nr. 1 (04.04.2016): 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-04-2015-0083.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal the strategic change-related issues by examining the dynamics between external fit and internal fit, as the success of strategic change is involved in the consideration of both internal and external fit. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses regression analysis to analyze the panel data from the electronics companies in Taiwan’s stock market between 2004 and 2011. Findings The empirical results show that there is a relationship between internal fit and external fit, and the momentum of internal fit was found as well. Moreover, the impact of the interaction effect of external and internal fit on performance is moderated by external fit. Originality/value This research contributes to and extends the current research in both theoretical and practical ways. From a theoretical aspect, this paper considers internal fit and external fit simultaneously and has adopted the profile deviation approach to test their impacts on performance. From a practical aspect, the empirical results have derived implications for managers as to understand the dynamics such as trade-off, momentum and synergy between the two types of strategic fit, which may be helpful for making decision on strategy change.

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H Kimerer, Dennis. „Internal and External Factors Impacting Inside Sales Employee Turnover“. Muma Business Review 4 (2020): 081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4582.

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This research summary for practice looks at the factors impacting employee turnover in Central Florida sales organizations. Surprisingly compensation is not the factor most recognized by participants in my research study. Flexibility and dynamics were most important and included discussions along scheduling to key performance indicators.

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Bratan, Sergey, und Ekaterina Vladetskaya. „Flat grinding model, considering internal dynamics of the process“. MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401002.

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The article considers the results of theoretical studies of the process of flat external grinding on the basis of the developed dynamic model. In order to take into account the influence of the statistical properties of the current deviations of the radius vectors of the grinding wheel and the thickness of the work piece, in addition to the input signal, a random process with the same stochastic characteristics as that of the current deviation of the radius vector of the grinding wheel and the billet topography is fed to the input of the system model. The corresponding random input signal can be obtained by means of a shaping filter. The output coordinate of the shaping filter according to its statistical parameters corresponds to the parameters of the components of the dynamic system characterizing the processes of the grinding wheel effect on the work piece during the grinding process. The developed mathematical model of the operation of flat external grinding can be used to determine the estimates of the quality characteristics of machined parts and systems for automatic control of the process of flat external grinding when the model is supplemented by dynamic links characterizing the statistical properties of the grinding wheel and work piece.

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Cortez, R., L. Fauci, N. Cowen und R. Dillon. „Simulation of swimming organisms: coupling internal mechanics with external fluid dynamics“. Computing in Science & Engineering 6, Nr. 3 (Mai 2004): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcise.2004.1289307.

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24

Young, Eric T. „THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FADM IN MOZAMBIQUE: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DYNAMICS“. African Security Review 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1996.9627663.

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25

Yu, Zhao Ji, und Zhong Jin. „System Modeling and Simulation for High-End Equipment Manufacturing Industry Technical Innovation Influence Factors“. Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.261.

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Analysis the influence factors of high-end equipment manufacturing industry technical innovation, divide them into three dimensions which are the internal control factors, internal and external coordination factors and external development factors, establish a 18-indicator-index system, and use system dynamics method to modeling and dynamic simulation, in order to provide theoretical guidance for improving the high-end equipment manufacturing industry technical innovation ability, and promote the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry.

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McCauley, Edward. „Internal Versus External Causes of Dynamics in a Freshwater Plant-Herbivore System“. American Naturalist 141, Nr. 3 (März 1993): 428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285482.

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27

Secchi, E., F. Munarin, M. D. Alaimo, S. Bosisio, S. Buzzaccaro, G. Ciccarella, V. Vergaro, P. Petrini und R. Piazza. „External and internal gelation of pectin solutions: microscopic dynamics versus macroscopic rheology“. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 26, Nr. 46 (27.10.2014): 464106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/46/464106.

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Yang, Chunxu, Ruihe Wang, Laiju Han und Qilong Xue. „Analysis on the lateral vibration of drill string by mass effect of drilling fluid“. Mechanical Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (17.07.2019): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-363-2019.

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Abstract. It is well known that the influence of the internal and external drilling fluid on the lateral vibration characteristics of drillstring cannot be ignored. In this paper, experiment apparatus for simulating drillstring vibration was established. Hammering method is used to measure drillstring lateral natural vibration frequency when the internal and external drilling fluid is considered. The test results show that the drilling fluid can decrease the natural frequency of the drillstring. Based on the simulation model, considering the influence of the internal and external drilling fluid, an external drilling fluid additional mass coefficient is derived considering the dynamic pressure effect caused by external drilling fluid. Additional mass coefficient can get the result with high precision, which can meet the needs of the project. the simulation results are in good agreement with the test results, and the error is within 2 %. This work provides a useful attempt and lays the foundation for the dynamics of the drill string in the drilling fluid environment.

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Doluwarawaththa Gamage, Sujeewa Damayanthi, und Tharusha Gooneratne. „Management controls in an apparel group: an institutional theory perspective“. Journal of Applied Accounting Research 18, Nr. 2 (08.05.2017): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-09-2015-0075.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how management controls in an organization take shape amidst the tensions between external institutional forces and the internal dynamics arising from the different powers and interests of managers as well as from intra-organizational norms, rules and taken-for-granted assumptions. Design/methodology/approach Adopting an interpretivist stance, this study employs the embedded (nested) case study approach drawing evidence from an apparel group which consists of a head office and four clusters. Theoretically, the paper is informed by institutional theory, and particularly draws on concepts such as organizational field, ceremonials, rational myths, isomorphism, institutional logics and loose coupling. It is further complemented by strategic responses of Oliver (1991), as well as materials and discursive elements in elaborating how external pressures influence control practices of an organization, and how internal actors strategically respond to those pressures in balancing external legitimacy and internal efficiency requirements. Findings The field-study findings reveal that management controls of the case-study organization have taken shape amidst external pressures, specifically from customers and internal dynamics such as interests of key actors, who strategically respond to external pressures and head -office specifications. Research limitations/implications Situating management controls within external pressures and internal dynamics, the findings of this study have implications for research on organizational heterogeneity, and it offers learning points for managers in formulating management controls by balancing conflicting internal and external pressures. Practical implications In reality, practicing managers are faced with conflicting logics arising from external pressures and internal dynamics stemming from different power- and interest-holding managers as well as intra-organizational norms, rules and taken-for-granted assumptions in their everyday encounters in organizations. This study provides some pointers for such practicing managers in designing and implementing management control systems by effectively balancing these opposing influences and formulating systems suited to the circumstances of a particular organization. Originality/value Moving beyond the widely held narrow conceptualization of institutional theory akin to (external) isomorphism and organizational conformity, this paper brings out organizational heterogeneity through the active agency of actors in terms of their power, interest and proclivities as well as their use of organizational norms and rules in responding to such external institutions.

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Song, Tingting, Yiyuan Xie, Yichen Ye, Bocheng Liu, Junxiong Chai, Xiao Jiang und Yanli Zheng. „Numerical Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics Based on Spin-VCSELs with Optical Feedback“. Photonics 8, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8010010.

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In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of a novel model based on optically pumped spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) with optical feedback is investigated numerically. Due to optical feedback being the external disturbance component, the complex nonlinear dynamical behaviors can be enhanced and the regions of different nonlinear dynamics in size can be extended with appropriate parameters of spin-VCSELs. According to the equations of the modified spin-flip model (SFM), the comparison of bifurcation diagrams is first presented for the clear presentation of different routes to chaos. Meanwhile, numerous bifurcation diagrams in color are illustrated to demonstrate the rich dynamical regimes intuitively, and the crucial effects of optical feedback strength, feedback delay, linewidth enhancement factor, and spin-flip relaxation rate on the region evolvement of complex dynamics of the proposed model are revealed to investigate the dependence of dynamical behaviors on external and internal parameters when the optical feedback scheme is introduced. These parameters play a remarkable role in enhancing the mechanism of complex dynamic oscillations. Furthermore, utilizing combination with time series, power spectra, and phase portraits, the various dynamical behaviors observed in the bifurcation diagram are simulated numerically. Correspondingly, the powerful measure 0–1 test is employed to distinguish between chaos and non-chaos.

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Bastholm, Steffen Muxoll, und Kristin B. Munksgaard. „Purchasing’s tasks at the interface between internal and external networks“. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, Nr. 1 (06.01.2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2018-0393.

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Purpose The strategic importance of the purchasing function increases, as its task become more dynamic in various interfaces with different suppliers. Changes in these customer–supplier interfaces pose specific challenges. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the purchasing function handles the interplay of interface changes. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a qualitative single case study design. Data are collected through observations and interviews conducted before, during and after a concrete change of interface taking place between a buying firm and its suppliers and customers. Findings Three main findings are identified to redefine the tasks of the purchasing function. The first concerns the new ways of defining the purchasing tasks. The main issue is to balance tasks with the simultaneous changes influencing other interfaces and relationships. The second is the division and alignment of tasks in intra- and inter-organizational networks with regards to who decides and coordinates what. Third, the inter-connected performance relates to how other actors perform their tasks. For the purchasing function, managing supplier interfaces influences and is influenced by how the firm simultaneously manages its user interface. Practical implications For management, a new way to evaluate the performance of the purchasing function is needed by including relationship management and interactive capabilities. Originality/value This study contributes with new insights into how managing the dynamics of changing interfaces requires interactively defined purchasing tasks, division and alignment of tasks and inter-connected performance vis-à-vis others in the wider network setting.

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Yamazaki, Tadashi, und Shigeru Tanaka. „Neural Modeling of an Internal Clock“. Neural Computation 17, Nr. 5 (01.05.2005): 1032–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766053491850.

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We studied a simple random recurrent inhibitory network. Despite its simplicity, the dynamics was so rich that activity patterns of neurons evolved with time without recurrence due to random recurrent connections among neurons. The sequence of activity patterns was generated by the trigger of an external signal, and the generation was stable against noise. Moreover, the same sequence was reproducible using a strong transient signal, that is, the sequence generation could be reset. Therefore, a time passage from the trigger of an external signal could be represented by the sequence of activity patterns, suggesting that this model could work as an internal clock. The model could generate different sequences of activity patterns by providing different external signals; thus, spatiotemporal information could be represented by this model. Moreover, it was possible to speed up and slow down the sequence generation.

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SRINIVASAN, RAMESH. „INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL NEURAL SYNCHRONIZATION DURING CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, Nr. 02 (Februar 2004): 825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404009399.

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Binocular rivalry is a useful experimental paradigm to investigate aspects of neocortical dynamics related to conscious perception. Frequency-tagged EEG responses to a sine-flickered visual stimulus were contrasted between episodes of perceptual dominance, i.e. conscious perception of that stimulus and perceptual nondominance, i.e. conscious perception of a rival stimulus presented at a different frequency to the other eye. The amplitude and phase distribution of the stimulus-evoked steady-state responses depended on the stimulus modulation frequency, consistent with the presence of global resonance phenomena. At the apparent global resonance frequency, conscious perception of the stimulus modulated the steady-state response over the entire array of electrodes. These effects were significant at electrodes far from the primary visual cortex, including temporal, central, and frontal electrodes. The phase structure of the steady-state response was also investigated using coherence measures. Coherence between electrodes mostly increased during conscious perception of the stimulus. Analysis of partial coherence, removing stimulus-locked responses, indicated that synchronization of each signal to the stimulus flicker at each electrode and synchronization between signals that vary with respect to the stimulus flicker at each electrode both contribute to observed increases in coherence during conscious perception. These distinct modes of synchronization may reflect two different physiological mechanisms by which sensory signals are integrated across the cerebral cortex during conscious experience.

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Alexandrov, Dmitri V., und Andrey Yu Zubarev. „Patterns in soft and biological matters“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, Nr. 2171 (13.04.2020): 20200002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0002.

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The issue is devoted to theoretical, computer and experimental studies of internal heterogeneous patterns, their morphology and evolution in various soft physical systems—organic and inorganic materials (e.g. alloys, polymers, cell cultures, biological tissues as well as metastable and composite materials). The importance of these studies is determined by the significant role of internal structures on the macroscopic properties and behaviour of natural and manufactured tissues and materials. Modern methods of computer modelling, statistical physics, heat and mass transfer, statistical hydrodynamics, nonlinear dynamics and experimental methods are presented and discussed. Non-equilibrium patterns which appear during macroscopic transport and hydrodynamic flow, chemical reactions, external physical fields (magnetic, electrical, thermal and hydrodynamic) and the impact of external noise on pattern evolution are the foci of this issue. Special attention is paid to pattern formation in biological systems (such as drug transport, hydrodynamic patterns in blood and pattern dynamics in protein and insulin crystals) and to the development of a scientific background for progressive methods of cancer and insult therapy (magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy; magnetically induced drug delivery in thrombosed blood vessels). The present issue includes works on pattern growth and their evolution in systems with complex internal structures, including stochastic dynamics, and the influence of internal structures on the external static, dynamic magnetic and mechanical properties of these systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Patterns in soft and biological matters’.

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Даянова, D. Dayanova, Вохмина, Yu Vokhmina, Гавриленко, T. Gavrilenko, Игуменов und D. Igumenov. „Stochastic estimation of chaotic dynamics models of the biological systems“. Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, Nr. 1 (05.11.2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3861.

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Process modeling is one of the main directions in science and engineering. When there is a model of simple system it is possible to obtain the parameters of its state vector before a process starts. However, the modeling of complex processes (systems) applying standard methods of computing and simulation software is confronted with difficulties of chaotic dynamics of such systems. A number of models that allow to describing the dynamics of complex biological dynamic systems is extremely small, as to repeat the same results of experiments it is impossible on the basis of deterministic or stochastic models. In additional, the authors propose a model for description of human state vector through three-compartment two-cluster control system. This model may be implemented using an application package exhibiting an operation of each cluster separately. The output signals of the model seen can be compared with the actual experimental data observed as output signals. The signals obtained at the output of the simulation model show different states of the system under external control actions which cause the change in the internal properties and states due to external (disturbance) signal. Control external signal from the first cluster and accordingly the output signal from the second cluster were divided into four main components that had the same analogues in the dynamics of complex biological behavior of dynamical systems [2,4].

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Yu, Zhaolong, Jørgen Amdahl und Martin Storheim. „A new approach for coupling external dynamics and internal mechanics in ship collisions“. Marine Structures 45 (Januar 2016): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2015.11.001.

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Raikher, Yu L., V. I. Stepanov, J. C. Bacri und R. Perzynski. „Orientational dynamics in magnetic fluids under strong coupling of external and internal relaxations“. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 289 (März 2005): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.064.

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Unsworth, Nash, Gregory J. Spillers und Gene A. Brewer. „Dynamics of context-dependent recall: An examination of internal and external context change“. Journal of Memory and Language 66, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2011.05.001.

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Kang, Jaesik, Dae-Wook Kang, Jong-Pil Lee, Dong Wook Yoo und Jae Woong Shim. „Design Procedure of MMC-HVDC System: Comprehensive Consideration of Internal and External Dynamics“. IEEE Access 8 (2020): 157437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018597.

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Bastian, Jens. „‘Cry wolf’ no more: external anchors and internal dynamics in the Western Balkans“. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 8, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2008): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683850802556368.

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Hale, William. „Human Rights and Turkey's EU Accession Process: Internal and External Dynamics, 2005–10“. South European Society and Politics 16, Nr. 2 (Juni 2011): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2011.577953.

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Sarker, Sudipa, Mats Engwall, Paolo Trucco und Andreas Feldmann. „Internal Visibility of External Supplier Risks and the Dynamics of Risk Management Silos“. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 63, Nr. 4 (November 2016): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2016.2596144.

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43

Bhandarkar, Anand, Souraseni Basu, P. Manna und Debasis Chakraborty. „Aerodynamic Characterisation of Ramjet Missile through Combined External-internal Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation“. Defence Science Journal 66, Nr. 6 (31.10.2016): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.9677.

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<p>Combined external-internal flow simulation is required for the estimation of aerodynamic forces and moments of high speed air-breathing vehicle design. A wingless, X-tail configuration with asymmetrically placed rectangular air intake is numerically explored for which experimental data is available for different angles of attack. The asymmetrically placed air intakes and protrusions make the flow field highly three-dimensional and existing empirical relations are inadequate for preliminary design. Three dimensional Navier Stokes equations along with SST-kω turbulence model were solved with a commercial CFD solver to analyse the combined external and internal flow field of the configuration at different angles of attack. Estimated aerodynamic coefficients match well with experimental data and estimated drag coefficient are within 8.5 per cent of experimental data. Intake performance parameters were also evaluated for different angles of attack.</p>

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Allahyarifard, Mahmoud, Mostafa Karimzadeh, Mohammad Ali Falahi und Ali Akbar Naji Meidani. „The Dynamics of the Exchange Rate and Extension of Monetary Trilemma“. American Finance & Banking Review 5, Nr. 1 (26.04.2020): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v5i1.551.

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Simultaneous making policy of interest rates, exchange rates and capital accounts can be extended to trilemma theory, contrary to its earlier theories, provided that the imbalances of the private sector, the government and the capital account adjusted through the policy variables such as the government expenditures, the interest rates on domestic deposits, the interest rates on domestic loans, effective exchange rates, foreign prices and foreign interest rates. On the other hand, the components of the extension of trilemma theory in the form of internal and external imbalances affect the exchange rate. In other words, if the real sector markets of the economy are not cleared through the aforementioned trilemma components, and policy variables, internal and external imbalances will be affected by opposite direction of net domestic assets (ΔNDA) and net foreign assets (ΔNFA) of the banking system. This is in accordance with the fundamental principles of the monetary approach balance of payments and exchange rate. Policy variables do not put pressure on the unofficial exchange rate as long as they have the same effect on the net changes in the domestic and foreign assets of the banking system. The purpose of this study is to consider the effect of internal and external imbalances on exchange rate through the simultaneous equations system, generating impulses in policy variables, and examining reactions in Iranian economy. In this paper, the monetary exchange rate determination model is analyzed and examined by using the extension of trilemma theory for macroeconomic data of Iran in the form of internal and external imbalances. The results of this study suggest that policy variables can stabilize the unofficial exchange rate (with other conditions being constant) through trading off internal and external imbalances. Thus, the economic policymaker can, while independently policing interest rates, capital accounts and government expenditures and other policy variables in this research, maintain exchange rate stability as a strategic variable and anchor the general level of prices.

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Bogatyrev, Vladimir D., und Elena P. Rostova. „STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIVE MODELING OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL REINSURANCE MARKET STRUCTURES“. Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 11, Nr. 3 (04.11.2020): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2020-11-3-167-175.

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In the article the authors examine the reinsurance market of the Russian Federation; consider reinsurance premiums for incoming and outgoing external and internal reinsurance; based on statistical data, the authors made a conclusion about the externally oriented ceding market in the period 2013–2019. The authors present the structure of the reinsurance market by major companies and identify the main players in the market of incoming and outgoing reinsurance; consider the ratio of external and internal premiums for incoming and outgoing reinsurance. The authors complied time series models of reinsurance premiums for incoming and outgoing external and internal reinsurance based on retrospective data for 2016–2019. All functions are increasing, which indicates the positive dynamics of the studied market and the possibilities for further expansion and development. Based on the models, forecast values are calculated that allow to draw conclusions about the development and structure of the Russian reinsurance market. The reasons for the dominance of external reinsurance over internal in relation to outgoing contracts, consisting in the retroceding of risks to large international reinsurance companies, are identified, that occupy the most advantageous position in this market in comparison with domestic reinsurers.

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Tyukaeva, Tatyana. „Migration from Maghreb: External and Internal Challenges for Europe“. Contemporary Europe 103, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope320216170.

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The article explores the issue of Maghrebi migration to Europe in the context of potential external and internal challenges it poses to European states and societies. Special attention is given to the „push‟ factors that underpin emigration of Maghrebis. The results of research highlight that migration from Maghreb to Europe is persistent. The current military, political and socioeconomic dynamics in the region imply that the Maghrebi migration flow will increase in the future. The article concentrates on reasons for radicalization of some members of Maghrebi immigrant communities in Europe. The findings indicate that Arab or Muslim background of immigrants is not the root cause for radicalization. Despite the fact that some elements of the Islamic doctrine are exploited by Islamist organizations, they mostly resonate with youth of second-generation migrant communities giving them a certain „frame‟ and purpose for their protest. The main conclusion is that the most serious threat to the European security comes not from the large-scale influx of migrants, which will be continue, but marginalization of big parts of migrant communities, most and foremost born and raised in Europe, as they are the ones that tend to get radicalized in the first place.

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Li, Yinggang, Tianning Chen und Xiaopeng Wang. „Non-linear dynamics of gear pair with dynamic backlash subjected to combined internal and external periodic excitations“. Journal of Vibration and Control 22, Nr. 6 (05.08.2014): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546314544350.

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Araki, Osamu, und Kazuyuki Aihara. „Dual Information Representation with Stable Firing Rates and Chaotic Spatiotemporal Spike Patterns in a Neural Network Model“. Neural Computation 13, Nr. 12 (01.12.2001): 2799–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976601317098538.

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Although various means of information representation in the cortex have been considered, the fundamental mechanism for such representation is not well understood. The relation between neural network dynamics and properties of information representation needs to be examined. We examined spatial pattern properties of mean firing rates and spatiotemporal spikes in an interconnected spiking neural network model. We found that whereas the spatiotemporal spike patterns are chaotic and unstable, the spatial patterns of mean firing rates (SPMFR) are steady and stable, reflecting the internal structure of synaptic weights. Interestingly, the chaotic instability contributes to fast stabilization of the SPMFR. Findings suggest that there are two types of network dynamics behind neuronal spiking: internally-driven dynamics and externally driven dynamics. When the internally driven dynamics dominate, spikes are relatively more chaotic and independent of external inputs; the SPMFR are steady and stable. When the externally driven dynamics dominate, the spiking patterns are relatively more dependent on the spatiotemporal structure of external inputs. These emergent properties of information representation imply that the brain may adopt a dual coding system. Recent experimental data suggest that internally driven and externally driven dynamics coexist and work together in the cortex.

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Vandenberghe, Jef, David Bridgland und Xianyan Wang. „Specific Exogenetic (External) and Endogenetic (Internal) Effects on Fluvial System Evolution“. Quaternary 1, Nr. 3 (26.11.2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat1030027.

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A collection of papers appears under the title “Special External Effects on Fluvial System Evolution” in the journal, Quaternary. This is a new Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG), illustrating the recent progress made in paleo-fluvial research. These papers highlight the high complexity of the external forcing of fluvial dynamics, and especially, the combined results of several interfering variables. In addition, it appears that the study of fluvial archives cannot be limited to the general and direct effects of external variables, but it also has to include the indirect influences that are regionally variable.

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Klashanov, Fjoder. „Fuzzy logic in construction management“. MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001111.

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The article is devoted to the development of a model of management of technological processes of construction on the basis of fuzzy logic. Construction is a complex open dynamic systems with elements of ambiguity and uncertainty. External factors are not always possible to clearly determine the relationships between the factors are constantly changing in a random way. The dynamics of the laws describing the external and internal parameters of the system of control over the construction process and their relationship with the growth of scientific and technical progress only increases. This is due to the emergence of new information flows, which depends both on internal and external multiple factors with elements of ambiguity and chance, but we need to make, to store, quickly process and transmit information for the elaboration and adoption of decisions.

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