Zeitschriftenartikel: „IS (Tanks)“

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McGann, James G. „Think Tank Contributions Think Tanks and the Transnationalization of Foreign Policy“. Connections: The Quarterly Journal 02, Nr. 1 (2003): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.02.1.10.

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2

Rammerstorfer, Franz G., Knut Scharf und Franz D. Fisher. „Storage Tanks Under Earthquake Loading“. Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, Nr. 11 (01.11.1990): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119154.

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This is a state-of-the-art review of various treatments of earthquake loaded liquid filled shells by the methods of earthquake engineering, fluid dynamics, structural and soil dynamics, as well as the theory of stability and computational mechanics. Different types of tanks and different possibilities of tank failure will be discussed. We will emphasize cylindrical above-ground liquid storage tanks with a vertical axis. But many of the treatments are also valid for other tank configurations. For the calculation of the dynamically activated pressure due to an earthquake a fluid-structure-soil interaction problem must be solved. The review will describe the methods, proposed by different authors, to solve this interaction problem. To study the dynamic behavior of liquid storage tanks, one must distinguish between anchored and unanchored tanks. In the case of an anchored tank, the tank bottom edge is fixed to the foundation. If the tank is unanchored, partial lifting of the tank’s bottom may occur, and a strongly nonlinear problem has to be solved. We will compare the various analytical and numerical models applicable to this problem, in combination with experimental data. An essential aim of this review is to give a summary of methods applicable as tools for an earthquake resistant design, which can be used by an engineer engaged in the construction of liquid storage tanks.

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3

Koniuk, Adam. „Using tanks for idirect fire - an attempt to reactivate training“. Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 189, Nr. 4 (01.10.2018): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0721.

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Indirect fire is a domain of artillery. Tanks due to their combat capabilities (mobility, hit resistance and accuracy of fire) were hardly used for such type of tasks, although being prepared from constructional point of view. Nevertheless, evaluation of a concept of tanks utilization in a battlefield frequently oscillated around a support of infantry or just operation support. Closing down and ceasing development of artillery units as a result of the Polish Armed Forces’ transformation led to a situation under which the lack of an adequately intensive artillery fire significantly affecting support of first echelon units can be faced during real operations. For this reason, the General Command of Branches of Armed Forces bearing in mind tanks’ capability of fulfilling the aforementioned task decided to reactivate the competence of indirect fire by tanks’ crews, especially because the execution of this task was terminated at the beginning of the 1990s. The article presents the analysis of documents in force related to conducting indirect fire by a tank subunit and characteristics of individual undertakings required for preparation of a subunit to fulfil above-mentioned tasks based on the experience gained by a tank battalion of the 15th Mechanized Brigade in Giżycko, as well as realization of numerous organizational projects necessary for shooting preparation and fire control execution during fulfillment of this type of fire tasks. Results of practical indirect fire execution by tanks lead to constructive observations referred to achieving high results of an accurate indirect fire by tanks and implementing changes in documents which normalize training and shooting processes, adjusting an organizational portion of the project to the current organizational structures of tank and artillery subunits and to correlations resulting from this fact. The article also inclines to discussion regarding the direction of changes indispensable for conducting the indirect fire by tanks and the rationale of the execution of these tasks in a contemporary battlefield.

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4

Malhotra, Praveen. „Practical Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Tanks“. Earthquake Spectra 16, Nr. 2 (Mai 2000): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586122.

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Liquid-storage tanks, designed as per the minimum requirements of API Standard 650 (1996), AWWA Standard D100 (1996), or any other design standard, should not be expected to remain fully elastic, or undamaged, when subjected to design ground shaking. Forces prescribed in design standards are only a fraction of those obtained from a linear elastic (no damage) response analysis. Force reductions are based on the expected overstrength and ductility of the system. However, there are no practical methods to quantify the effects of these reductions on potential damage to tanks. Some type of nonlinear analysis is needed to assess the tank's desired performance objectives. This paper presents a simplified nonlinear analysis for performance-based seismic design of tanks. It also presents a method of strengthening tanks by energy-dissipating base anchors. The simplified nonlinear analysis is illustrated for an unanchored tank, a tank anchored with traditional anchors, and a tank anchored with energy-dissipating anchors.

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Dodon Yendri, Desta Yolanda und Rezy Pratiwi. „Monitoring Sistem Ketersediaan dan Pengontrolan Pengisisan Air Secara Otomatis Pada Gedung Perkantoran Berbasis Mikrokontroler“. CHIPSET 1, Nr. 01 (30.04.2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/chipset.1.01.10-16.2020.

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Employees who work in offices absolutely need water, for example to wash hands, to defecate, or other household needs. Water availability must be a concern of managers. But in fact, many officers pay less attention for this. They let a lot of water flows from the tank or reservoir that makes important water resources are wasted. This study aims to regulate the usage of water in office buildings so that water needs for employees are always met. The system was built by three tanks, one tank as the main water source called the central tank and two tanks as a reservoir of water that will be consumed by employees called tank1 and tank2. To measure the water level in the tank, it will use an ultrasonic sensor. If the water in the central tank has reached the minimum capacity length from the surface of the water to the sensor (≥ 20 cm), the tank manager will receives an SMS that indicates the water in the central tank is not available and needs to be refill. Tank 1 and tank 2 are filled automatically by activating the pump and opening the solenoid valve when the water is less than the maximum limit set (> 5 cm). The results showed that the system was able to send an SMS to the tank manager when the water level had reached the minimum limit with an 7.39 seconds of average delivery time. Tank 1 and tank 2 can be returned off when the water level reaches the 5 cm limit. The average success rate of filling water in tank1 was 98.46% and tank2 was 97.32%.

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Manos, George C. „Earthquake Tank‐Wall Stability of Unanchored Tanks“. Journal of Structural Engineering 112, Nr. 8 (August 1986): 1863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1986)112:8(1863).

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7

Paulick, Nick, und Tom Rogers. „Section XII Transport Tank Code Preview—Cargo Tanks“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, Nr. 4 (02.01.2006): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349581.

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ASME Section XII Transport Tank Code will have an impact on the regulations related to the construction and continued service of highway cargo tanks used in the transportation of dangerous goods. Modal Appendix 1 of this code specifically addresses these transport tanks, and is intended to replace a large portion of the DOT regulations currently governing how they are built and serviced. This paper presents a preview of Modal Appendix 1, one of the mandatory appendices related to cargo tanks, and how these changes will affect manufacturers and repair shops.

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Park, Bong Kwan, Jae Min Kim, Chang Min Keum, C. Kim und Heon Oh Choi. „An Analytical Study of the Structural Integrity of an LPG Storage Tank under Wind Load“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (März 2015): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.115.

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Since the wall thicknesses of most large LPG storage tanks are thin while their diameters are large, their structural integrity is one of the most important design factors. The tanks are mainly located near the waterfront for efficient transport and accessibility. This leads to exposure to wind loads, which should be considered in the design of the tanks. This paper describes an analytical technique for determining the structural integrity of a 45m diameter-LPG storage tank in the case of a wind load based on API 620 code. A finite element model for the tank was made using shell elements and analyzed under 50 m/s wind. The calculated maximum von-Mises stress was 103 MPa whereas the yield strength of tank’s material is 222 MPa. This result shows that the structural integrity of the tank is assured.

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Magyar, M. I., V. G. Mitchell, A. R. Ladson und C. Diaper. „An investigation of rainwater tanks quality and sediment dynamics“. Water Science and Technology 56, Nr. 9 (01.11.2007): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.738.

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Rainwater tanks are being introduced into urban areas in Australia to supplement centralised potable supply systems. A pilot scale tank study and a full-scale field tank study found that heavy metal concentrations in water samples taken from the tank's supply point can, in some cases, exceed levels recommended by guidelines. Both studies also found very high concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments accumulated at the base of rainwater tanks. Laboratory experiments are underway to investigate sediment transport processes within a full-scale tank. Preliminary results demonstrate the effect of sediment resuspension on the quality of water released from the tank outlet. Improved tank designs that reduce sediment resuspension and mitigate impacts on water quality are the focus of future work.

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Yazdanian, Mohsen, Jason Ingham, Christopher Kahanek, Nicholas Cradock-Henry, Joanna Fountain und Dmytro Dizhur. „ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE DATA COLLECTED FOR WINE STORAGE TANKS FOLLOWING THE 2013 AND 2016 NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES“. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.2.83-100.

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The 2013 Seddon earthquake (Mw 6.5), the 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake (Mw 6.6), and the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake (Mw 7.8) provided an opportunity to assemble the most extensive damage database to wine storage tanks ever compiled worldwide. An overview of this damage database is presented herein based on the in-field post-earthquake damage data collected for 2058 wine storage tanks (1512 legged tanks and 546 flat-based tanks) following the 2013 earthquakes and 1401 wine storage tanks (599 legged tanks and 802 flat-based tanks) following the 2016 earthquake. Critique of the earthquake damage database revealed that in 2013, 39% and 47% of the flat-based wine tanks sustained damage to their base shells and anchors respectively, while due to resilience measures implemented following the 2013 earthquakes, in the 2016 earthquake the damage to tank base shells and tank anchors of flat-based wine tanks was reduced to 32% and 23% respectively and instead damage to tank barrels (54%) and tank cones (43%) was identified as the two most frequently occurring damage modes for this type of tank. Analysis of damage data for legged wine tanks revealed that the frame-legs of legged wine tanks sustained the greatest damage percentage among different parts of legged tanks in both the 2013 earthquakes (40%) and in the 2016 earthquake (44%). Analysis of damage data and socio-economic findings highlight the need for industry-wide standards, which may have socio-economic implications for wineries.

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Moglia, Magnus, Grace Tjandraatmadja und Ashok K. Sharma. „Exploring the need for rainwater tank maintenance: survey, review and simulations“. Water Supply 13, Nr. 2 (01.03.2013): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.021.

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Rainwater tanks are a common feature of the urban landscape in Australia and globally. In Brisbane, Australia, provision of alternative water in new homes is mandatory and to meet this requirement rainwater tanks are considered an important option. The water savings of rainwater tanks can help defer investments in supply infrastructures. An emerging concern is that there is currently no mechanism in place for making sure that the household rainwater collection systems are maintained and in a good condition. In fact, in many locations, there is growing concern about whether the condition of this asset stock is adequate. The paper presents: a synthesis of required basic water tanks maintenance tasks; a short overview of published literature on householder motivations for maintenance; a synthesis of existing information about the condition of tanks, based on literature; simulation model results identifying the relationship between frequency of inspections and the (stationary) proportion of tanks with different types of problems; and the results of a survey to identify judgements about water tank maintenance in the region by professionals and plumbers. The paper concludes that there is a need for collecting more data and that mechanisms need to be in place to ensure the ongoing condition of tanks.

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Pavlov, Sergey, Valeria Polyakova, Maria Zhukova und Elena Matys. „Septic tanks for residential houses: comparative constructional requirements“. MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926505022.

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In this work the main terms and conceptions are defined. There are a short description of operating principle of anaerobic septic tank, its application conditions, advantages, and disadvantages. This article also introduces requirements for anaerobic septic tank’s construction as one of the autonomic systems of sewage water treatment. Article contains the list of documents, which should be delivered with anaerobic septic tank. Article represents descriptions of septic tanks’ constructions, which are popular in Russia, with their cost, sizes and value of purification rates of grey water. This research includes conformance review of construction and documents, with the conclusion about the real opportunities and advantages of septic tanks, which are declared by its manufacturers.

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Baghchesaraei, Omid Reza, H. H. Lavasani und Alireza Baghchesaraei. „Nonlinear Behavior of Circular Concrete Storage Tanks: History Pushover and Dynamic Loadings by Providing an Innovative Technique to Reduce the Seismic Response of Semi-Buried Tanks“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (Februar 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.54.

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This study has concentrated on the nonlinear behavior of semi-buried concrete cylindrical storage tanks not subjected to seismic loads such as earthquakes. The support conditions of the tank in this study were investigated in both flexible and rigid conditions. A comparison between the behavior of reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete of the tanks has been done for flexible support conditions. Finite Element Method (FE) has been used in order to determine the nonlinear response of cylindrical tanks under dynamic time history analysis and pushover. In addition, in this study a new approach has been provided for tanks with flexible support in order to reduce the seismic response of structures with the seismic rehabilitation method using a passive vibration control system of the viscous damper. it has been shown that using FVD the tank’s response subjected to the seismic loads is reduced. Another achievement of a passive vibration control system of the viscous damper (FVD) in concrete tanks, is the improvement of the system by reducing the cracking of concrete. It can be concluded that flexible-based tanks equipped with FVD can be used as an economical and practical system used in earthquake-prone areas.

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Hlova, Taras, Mykhailo Semerak, Bogdanna Hlova und Mykola Mykhailyshyn. „The influence of pressure changes on the integrity of tanks for storage of petroleum products and toxic substances“. Military Technical Collection, Nr. 24 (20.05.2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.24.2021.31-36.

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Tanks for the storage of oil products and toxic substances in warehouses are the main ones. They can be in the form of separate tanks or a group of tanks. The most widespread are vertical steel tanks with a stationary roof that a placed in open areas. The tanks heat up, and the intensity of evaporation of the oil product increases in case of fire. If there is a permanent roof, the pressure in the tank will increase. If the capacity of the breathing valves is less than the intensity of evaporation then there is a risk of explosion. Explosions in the tank often lead to the separation of the bottom, and the side cylindrical surface and the roof fly away instantly, spilling oil on neighboring tanks and the territory of the tank’s park. Then the combustion area increases intensively. The destruction of the integrity of the tank, due to the separation of the bottom, contributes to temperature and power stresses, the value of which increases with increasing temperature of their heating and increasing pressure, respectively. The values of temperature stresses are added to the power stresses caused by pressure, and when the critical value is reached, destruction occurs. We investigated the stress-strain state of a steel vertical tank for the storage of oil products and toxic substances. The analysis of the reasons for the occurrence of admissible pressure in the tank, which is the reason for the loss of its integrity, is carried out. Using the differential equation of a closed cylindrical shell, which is under the action of internal pressure, analytical expressions are obtained to find deformations and stresses in the side cylindrical surface and bottom. Were calculated axial and annular stresses for the tank of RVS-900. Based on the basic relations of the theory of elasticity of thin plates and shells analytical expressions of the stress-strain state of the cylindrical tanks are obtained for conditions for changing of pressure on their structural elements. It is shown that the greatest values of axial stresses are obtained on the surface of the connection of the cylindrical surface with the bottom. The researches results are presented graphically.

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IIJIMA, Tooru. „Storage Tanks“. JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 79, Nr. 5 (2010): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.79.475.

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16

IIJIMA, Tooru. „Storage Tanks“. JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 81, Nr. 5 (2012): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.81.416.

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17

IIJIMA, Tooru. „Storage Tanks“. JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 77, Nr. 5 (2008): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.77.475.

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18

Rai, Durgesh C. „Elevated Tanks“. Earthquake Spectra 18, Nr. 1_suppl (Juli 2002): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2803916.

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19

MACK, MICHAEL. „GAS TANKS“. Art Book 1, Nr. 4 (September 1994): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.1994.tb00202.x.

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20

Leeson, Peter T., Matt E. Ryan und Claudia R. Williamson. „Think tanks“. Journal of Comparative Economics 40, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2011.07.004.

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21

Serdukov, V. I., N. A. Serdyukova und S. I. Shishkina. „Mathematical Single-Player Computer Game Model to Reproduce Duel Fight of Tanks“. Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Nr. 3 (20.09.2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/mathm.0320.0000225.

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In improving computer games, which reproduce a battle of tanks, two tasks can be distinguished: increasing a collection of game tools to represent virtual prototypes of real tank models and ensuring a realistic game. To solve these problems, a tool is necessary that allows us to compare gaming capabilities of virtual tank brands with combat capabilities of their real prototypes. A mathematical model of a computer game that reproduces a duel battle of tanks can be used as the tool. The specified model satisfies the following requirements: the sequence of operations reproduced in the model is in line with the sequence of operations implemented by the player in the course of the game; the maximum amount of ammunition that a tank can use in a model must correspond to the amount of tank ammunition. The duel lasts until one of the tanks is hit, or until all the gunshots available to hit the enemy are expended. It is necessary to find the probabilities of possible outcomes of a duel battle, the mathematical expectation of its duration, the mathematical expectation of the ammunition consumption of each side.The solution to the problem is obtained by constructing a mathematical model according to the scheme of Markov random process with discrete states and continuous time. It is implemented as a program for a model of a duel battle of tanks and can be used when developing a computer game of the genre of tank simulators to assess the gaming capabilities of the virtual tanks in a duel battle from the data on the amount of their ammunition and on the intensity of the game process transition from one state to another; for selecting the intensity values of the game process transition from one state to another, based on the data on the estimated game capabilities of virtual tanks in a duel battle. Thus, game participants can use this model to conduct their own research. Developers of computer games can use it for setting up the game and setting such intensity values of the game process transition from one state to another, at which the gaming capabilities of virtual tanks will correspond to the combat capabilities of their real prototypes on the battlefield.

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Modjinou, Mawufemo. „Re-engineering Domestic Septic Tanks into Biogas Tanks“. Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 2, Nr. 2 (21.02.2018): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.45.

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This study is to design a novel septic tank, named Anaerobic Upflow Domestic Septic Tank (AUDST) to recover biogas asenergy and treat domestic sewage. The green technology proposes alternate options to existing Domestic Septic Tanks (DST),encourages anaerobically pre-treatment to reduce bacteria, pollutants, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical oxygen demand(COD) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) before the effluent is discharged or is removed by cesspit trucks. Studies haveshown that DST in homes partially treat or just store sewage. Again, these DST have to be emptied from time to time becauseit lack features that will sustain anaerobic activity and usually the sludge is disposed of directly into the sea, water bodies andeven into open places such as “Lavender Hills” without any treatment or disinfection. These practices cause severe public healthand environmental problems. To tackle the challenge at household level, DST are redesigned to treat domestic sewage with lessmanagement, low operating cost, low secondary discharge of pollutants. The proposed new design concept is operated throughthree (3) units: such as desilting, anaerobic digestion and facultative filtration units. The anaerobic digestion stage is made upof baffle and anaerobic filter for accommodating sludge and providing a more intimate contact between anaerobic biomass andsewage which improves treatment performance. The anaerobic unit is fitted with locally woven baskets prefilled with packingmaterials. The aim is to strengthen the biological treatment process at this stage. The Facultative Filtration unit of the model isalso packed with filtering media such as gravels (3-6mm in diameter) that is low in cost, and has a high durability to produceeffluent with lower pollutants and suspended solids content to meet Ghana’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standardsfor the discharge of domestic effluents.

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L. Darkwah, M. Modjinou,. „Re-engineering Domestic Septic Tanks into Biogas Tanks“. Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 2, Nr. 2 (21.02.2018): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v2i2.45.

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This study is to design a novel septic tank, named Anaerobic Upflow Domestic Septic Tank (AUDST) to recover biogas asenergy and treat domestic sewage. The green technology proposes alternate options to existing Domestic Septic Tanks (DST),encourages anaerobically pre-treatment to reduce bacteria, pollutants, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical oxygen demand(COD) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) before the effluent is discharged or is removed by cesspit trucks. Studies haveshown that DST in homes partially treat or just store sewage. Again, these DST have to be emptied from time to time becauseit lack features that will sustain anaerobic activity and usually the sludge is disposed of directly into the sea, water bodies andeven into open places such as “Lavender Hills” without any treatment or disinfection. These practices cause severe public healthand environmental problems. To tackle the challenge at household level, DST are redesigned to treat domestic sewage with lessmanagement, low operating cost, low secondary discharge of pollutants. The proposed new design concept is operated throughthree (3) units: such as desilting, anaerobic digestion and facultative filtration units. The anaerobic digestion stage is made upof baffle and anaerobic filter for accommodating sludge and providing a more intimate contact between anaerobic biomass andsewage which improves treatment performance. The anaerobic unit is fitted with locally woven baskets prefilled with packingmaterials. The aim is to strengthen the biological treatment process at this stage. The Facultative Filtration unit of the model isalso packed with filtering media such as gravels (3-6mm in diameter) that is low in cost, and has a high durability to produceeffluent with lower pollutants and suspended solids content to meet Ghana’s Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standardsfor the discharge of domestic effluents.

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Younan, Adel H., und Anestis S. Veletsos. „Dynamics of Solid-Containing Tanks. I: Rigid Tanks“. Journal of Structural Engineering 124, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1998)124:1(52).

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Veletsos, Anestis S., und Adel H. Younan. „Dynamics of Solid-Containing Tanks. II: Flexible Tanks“. Journal of Structural Engineering 124, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1998)124:1(62).

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26

Jendželovský, Norbert, und Lenka Uhlířová. „Rectangular tank under the seismic load“. MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300022.

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Tanks have been currently used for the storage of various substances, in particular as drinking water storage tanks and for storage of various technical fluids. Rectangular tanks have advantages over cylindrical tanks, such as: lower sensitivity to unilateral loads and better use of space when used in a system of tanks. The rectangular tank analyzed in this article is filled with water. During the dynamic analysis of the tank, it was loaded by an accelerogram of a natural earthquake. In the calculation, the method of direct integration over time was used, considering damping. From the accelerogram a response spectrum was generated and applied as an additional loading of the tank. The static model of the tank was created in the ANSYS program, which works on the basis of the finite element method (FEM).

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Rao, Achanta Ramakrishna, B. V. Bharathi Laxmi und K. Subba Narasiah. „Simulation of Oxygen Transfer Rates in Circular Aeration Tanks“. Water Quality Research Journal 39, Nr. 3 (01.08.2004): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.033.

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Abstract Experiments were conducted to study the performance of circular and square tank surface aerators on the oxygen transfer coefficient and to a limited extent on power requirements. All the tanks are geometrically similar except for their shapes. They consist of a rotor of diameter, D, fixed with six flat blades rotating with a speed, N, in pure waters of viscosity, υ, at room temperature. A simulation equation to predict the oxygen transfer coefficient, k = KLa20(υ/g2)1/3 for any given dynamic parameter governing the theoretical power per unit volume, X = N3D2/(g4/3υ1/3) was developed for circular tank aerators. The data on square tank aerators support another such simulation equation developed earlier for square tanks. A comparison of results, while re-aerating the same volume of water in both the shapes of tanks, leads to the interesting conclusion that for a given rotor speed the oxygen transfer rate is substantially more in square tanks than in circular tanks; whereas for a given effective input power to the rotor the oxygen transfer rate is more in circular tanks than in square tanks. This suggests that square tanks are preferred to circular tanks to raise the oxygen concentrations at a faster rate, whereas the circular tanks are advantageous as far as power requirements are concerned.

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Okomoda, Victor Tosin, Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu und Gabriel Wase. „Effects of Tank Background Colour on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings“. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 75, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2017-0002.

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Abstract The performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings reared in white, green, blue, black and red coloured tanks was investigated. Each colour was tested in triplicate 1 m3 tanks with an initial stocking density of 100 fingerlings per tank (1.07 g). Fish were fed a commercial diet at 5% body weight per day for eight weeks. Fish weights were sampled every 2 weeks to adjust feeding rates. Tank colour had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the overall performance of the fingerlings. Rearing in black tanks resulted in a higher daily feed intake (0.44 g) and better growth performance when compared to other tank colours, while the poorest performance was observed in blue and green tanks. Carcass protein and fat content at 8 weeks revealed a trend similar to that observed for growth. Also, serum glucose tests showed higher levels in light background tanks and were thought to be an indication of stress. Survival was not affected by tank colour. It was concluded that dark-coloured tanks such as black or red were better in comparison to light-coloured tanks for the rearing of African catfish fingerlings

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Taher, Majid M., Adel Y. Al-Dubakel und Sadiq J. Muhammed. „Growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio cultivated in semi- closed system“. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31, Nr. 1 (20.07.2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2018.74.

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Growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated in 13 plastic tanks (550 cm diameter and 130 cm depth) of semi-closed system at Abu Al- Khaseeb District, Basrah from 27 October to 17 December, 2016. Number of fishes in every tank was 1300 with an average initial weight 101.9 g. Fishes were fed at a ratio of 5% on sinking pelleted food manufactured in Basrah University factory with 25% protein ratio. Results of current study exhibited highest final weight (381.1 g) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 1 and lowest (326.3 g) in tank number 2. Average fish weight increments for 13 tanks were 248.2 g, with highest weight increment (266.5 g) achieved by fishes reared in tanks 6 and 11, while lowest (222.3 g) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 7. Result also appeared average daily growth of 4.87 g/day, with highest (5.22 g/day) achieved by fishes reared in tanks 6 and 11 and lowest (4.36 g/day) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 7. Average specific growth rate for 13 tanks was 2.44 %/day, with highest (3.10 %/day) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 3 and lowest (1.99 %/day) achieved in tank number 1. Average food conversion rate (FCR) for 13 tanks was 2.12, with highest (2.55) achieved by fishes reared in tanks number 1 and lowest (1.74) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 3.

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Kotrasova, Kamila, Eva Kormanikova und Iveta Hegedusova. „Analysis of the peak vertical displacement of liquid surface due to sloshing“. MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300023.

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When a tank containing liquid vibrates, the liquid exerts hydrodynamic effects on the solid domain of a tank. In the case of roof tanks, a large sloshing wave will impact the wall or roof of the tanks and may cause extensive damage or failure of the tanks. This paper provides the theoretical background of simplified seismic analysis of liquid storage cylindrical ground -supported tanks, and it documents the seismic effect of input motions characteristics on fluid sloshing behaviour.

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Musgrave, Meagan. „The Illinois Underground Storage Tank Fund: Tanks for Nothing“. Politics & Policy 41, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2013): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/polp.12036.

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Sengupta, Angan, A. K. Gupta und I. M. Mishra. „Engineering layout of fuel tanks in a tank farm“. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 24, Nr. 5 (September 2011): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2010.06.016.

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Kim, Mikyeong, Gippeum Bak und Mooyoung Han. „Comparing the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two operating rainwater tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios“. Water Science and Technology 64, Nr. 3 (01.08.2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.626.

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In this study, the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios were investigated and compared to determine how the internal design features of storage tanks affect water quality. The particle and nutrient parameters of the rainwater, including turbidity, suspended solids, total organic carbon, and total phosphate, were lower in Tank 2, which had a surface-to-volume ratio 7.5 times greater than that of Tank 1. In addition, although the rainwater was collected from the same catchment area, the water in Tank 1 had greater numbers of bacteria, and the bacterial communities in the water differed between the two storage tanks. It appears that the differences in the inside surface structures of the rainwater tanks affected the microbial ecosystems. Increasing the surface-to-volume ratio in rainwater tanks may affect rainwater quality, because this extends the area for biofilm development. Further study of the role of biofilm in rainwater tank is required precisely, and its function needs to be considered in the design and management of rainwater tanks.

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Park, S. U., B. J. Gilmore und R. R. Singer. „Simulation of Nonlinear Dynamics of Liquid Filled Fuel Tanker Shell Structure Subjected to Rollover Collision With Validation“. Journal of Mechanical Design 120, Nr. 4 (01.12.1998): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829317.

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The transport of hazardous materials in truck cargo tanks can cause severe environmental damage as a result of the tank’s failure during a collision. Impact due to collision involves the transient dynamic response of the tank, fluid and their interaction. This paper develops a design oriented computational approach to predict the dynamic transient response of the tank shell structure subjected to impact loads during crash accidents. In order to compute the fluid and structural interaction, the finite element formulations for the added mass to the structure are developed and integrated with DYNA3D, a nonlinear dynamic structural finite element code, and they are validated by pendulum impact experiment. This paper presents the lumping process required by the added mass approach for cargo tanks under impact conditions. Thus, due to its efficiency the computer based approach provides a design tool for fluid filled thin walled structures in general and cargo tanks subjected to an impact situation. The structural performance of cargo tank shell construction is investigated. This research will contribute to improvement in design, modeling, and analysis techniques for crashworthiness and integrity of liquid mechanical structure systems which are subjected to impulsive loads like those found in vehicle collisions.

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Dai, Jian, Kok Keng Ang, Jingzhe Jin, Chien Ming Wang, Øyvind Hellan und Arnstein Watn. „Large Floating Structure with Free-Floating, Self-Stabilizing Tanks for Hydrocarbon Storage“. Energies 12, Nr. 18 (10.09.2019): 3487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183487.

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Hydrocarbon is a major source of energy for sustainable development. Storage of hydrocarbon products, however, requires a significant amount of land space to land-scarce countries like Singapore. This paper presents an alternative way of storing hydrocarbon in Singapore coastal waters through the innovative design of a floating hydrocarbon storage facility. The design comprises free-floating and self-stabilizing tanks enclosed by barges that form a floating hydrocarbon storage facility. The tanks are made of prestressed concrete and they are designed to be self-stabilized when floating in the sea water. Owing to the lack of available design guidelines, design requirements on the stability and motion criteria for floating storage tanks are developed based on a review of existing codes of practice and design specifications for both onshore tanks and offshore vessels. A comprehensive study on the hydrostatic performance of various proposed floating tank design concepts with different storage capacities is carried out. This paper aims to give design recommendations on the tank’s storage capacity and dimensional aspect ratios that fulfill the recommended stability requirements and motion criteria.

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Oliveira, Raphael Adryano Araujo de, Mônica Beatriz Kolicheski und Mauricy Kawano. „Using software tanks for emission calculation in storage tanks“. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 3, Nr. 3 (2020): 1480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv3n3-064.

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37

Harris, A. P., und N. M. Ratcliffe. „Dimensional modelling of the fuel outgassing phenomenon: Improving flammability assessment of aircraft fuel tanks“. Aeronautical Journal 115, Nr. 1172 (Oktober 2011): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000006291.

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Abstract Fuel outgassing (oxygen evolution) within aircraft fuel tanks presents a serious flammability hazard. Time constants representing oxygen transfer rate, from the fuel into a tank’s ullage, are used to model the effect of outgassing on tank flammability. These time constants are specific to a single aircraft type and flight envelope and may not accurately represent fuel outgassing behaviour for other aircraft types with differing fuel tank configurations and flight envelopes. To improve current modelling practice for more accurate flammability analysis dimensional modelling has been used to determine the rate of oxygen evolution from Jet A-1 fuel in an aircraft fuel tank. Measurements of oxygen evolution rate, made on a dimensionally similar model, have been projected to an A320 aircraft. The evolution of oxygen from the fuel was found to increase monotonically with time. Fitting the test data with an inverse-exponential function enabled oxygen release rate and its associated time constant (τ) to be determined. Dimensional modelling of aviation fuel outgassing using model fuel tanks will enable oxygen evolution rate from aviation fuel to be determined for a wide range of aircraft fuel tank configurations and environments without the need for flight testing. In turn the accuracy of flammability assessment of aircraft fuel tanks will be improved and significant cost savings made.

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Soshchenko, Anatoly E., Elena V. Shchurova und Boris N. Mastobaev. „Glavtransneft fixed assets: tanks“. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, Nr. 5 (31.10.2020): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-5-490-498.

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The article presents a historical overview of one of the most important groups of fixed assets of the Main Production Office for Oil Transportation and Supply (Glavtransneft) – tanks. The main tendencies of tank construction development in the USSR and the USA in 1970–1990 are presented. The analysis of technical indicators and parameters of tank designs in our country and abroad was performed. The issues of ensuring reliable and safe operation of tanks of different types, as well as the directions of technological change in the field of long-term growth of the tank farm in the main oil pipeline system are considered.

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Kielec, D. J., und A. M. Birk. „Analysis of Fire-Induced Ruptures of 400-L Propane Tanks“. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, Nr. 3 (01.08.1997): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842317.

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A series of fire tests were conducted to study the thermal rupture of propane tanks. The tests involved 400-L ASME automotive propane tanks filled to 80 percent capacity with commercial propane. The tanks were brought to failure using torches and pool fires. The resulting thermal ruptures varied in severity from minor fissures, measuring a few centimeters in length, to catastrophic failures where the tank was flattened on the ground. The catastrophic failures would typically be called boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVEs). The objective of this work was to develop a correlation between the failure severity and the tank condition at failure. The deformed propane tanks were measured in detail and the extent of deformation was quantified. The tank failure severity was found to be a complex function of a number of tank and lading properties at failure. This paper presents the measured data from the tanks and a step-by-step description of how the correlation was determined.

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Chaudhari, Mr Rohit Kiran. „Non-Linear Time History Analysis of an Elevated Water Tank“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VI (30.06.2021): 4327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35939.

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It was discovered that reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with frame staging outperformed reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with shaft staging in terms of seismic resistance. These can be due to the frame staging's seismic energy absorption capability. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to better understand the seismic behavior and performance characteristics of elevated water tanks with frame staging. Furthermore, when compared to other shapes, circular tanks have the smallest surface area for a given tank size. As a result, the amount of material needed for a circular water tank is less than for other shapes. As a result, a circular water tank was chosen, and seismic analysis of elevated RC circular water tanks was carried out according to IITK-GSDMA guidelines, with the behavior of the water tank analysed for various parameters such as zone factor, soil condition, and different staging heights. SAP 2000 was used to determine the structure's modal characteristics (mode shapes and modal participation mass ratio).

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Sohaib, Muhammad, Manjurul Islam, Jaeyoung Kim, Duck-Chan Jeon und Jong-Myon Kim. „Leakage Detection of a Spherical Water Storage Tank in a Chemical Industry Using Acoustic Emissions“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 1 (08.01.2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010196.

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Spherical storage tanks are used in various industries to store substances like gasoline, oxygen, waste water, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Cracks in the storage tanks are unaccepted defects, as storage tanks can leak or spill the contained substance through these cracks. Leakage from contained hazardous substances storage tanks can contaminate the environment and may lead to fatal accidents. Therefore, the ability to detect cracks from spherical storage tanks is necessary to avoid damage to the environment and to ensure public safety. In this paper, we present a crack detection case study of a spherical tank. The detection was performed using time-domain statistical features and a machine learning algorithm. The proposed method consists of (1) extraction of statistical features from the acoustic emissions (AE) acquired from the spherical tank, and (2) classification of the nonlinear data using a support vector machine (SVM). We evaluate the proposed algorithm with AE data obtained from the spherical tank, demonstrating that the algorithm effectively discriminates between normal and crack conditions. These results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for detecting cracks in spherical storage tanks.

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Fraser, K. C. „Tanks: Main Battle Tanks and Light Tanks97197Marsh Gelbart. Tanks: Main Battle Tanks and Light Tanks. London: Brassey’s 1996. 160pp, ISBN: 1‐85753‐168‐X £14.95 Brassey’s Modern Military Equipment Series“. Reference Reviews 11, Nr. 3 (März 1997): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.1997.11.3.32.197.

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Guo, Wencheng, Yang Liu, Fangle Qu und Xinyu Xu. „A Review of Critical Stable Sectional Areas for the Surge Tanks of Hydropower Stations“. Energies 13, Nr. 23 (07.12.2020): 6466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236466.

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The critical stable sectional area (CSSA) for surge tanks corresponds to the critical stable state of hydropower stations and is an important index to evaluate the stability of the turbine regulation system. The research on CSSA for surge tanks is always one of the most important topics in the area of transient processes of hydropower stations. The CSSA for surge tanks provides the value basis for the sectional area of surge tanks. In engineering practice, the CSSA for surge tanks is widely used to guide their hydraulic design. This paper provides a systematic literature review about the CSSA for surge tank of hydropower stations. Firstly, the CSSA for surge tanks based on hydraulic transients is discussed. Secondly, the CSSA for surge tanks based on hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling transients is presented. Thirdly, the CSSA for air cushion surge tanks is illustrated. Finally, the CSSA for combined surge tanks, i.e., upstream and downstream double surge tanks and upstream series double surge tanks, is presented. In future research, the CSSA for surge tanks of pumped storage power stations should be explored. The CSSA for surge tanks considering multi-energy complement is worth studying.

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Khedikar, Prof Amey R. „Seismic Analysis and Comparative Study of Elevated Storage Tank by GSDMA Guidelines“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VI (30.06.2021): 5342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36164.

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A container to store water in a huge amount of capacity can simply be called as the water tank. During the earthquakes, all these liquid storage tanks get collapsed or damaged heavily. 40 to 65 years is the feasible lifetime of an ESR in general. Shortage of drinking water, utilizing water, uncontrolled fires, etc are some unexpected events caused due to any damage or collapse of the tanks. Water tank parameters include various designs of tanks and different way of construction, materials, linings etc. Different materials are used for the construction and development of water tanks such as: - plastic, concrete, steel, fiberglass, etc. Therefore, to avoid all those unwanted events in the future various studies have been carried out regarding different types, shapes of water tanks. In this research, Elevated Service Reservoir (E.S.R) is being compared of shape Rectangular & Circular water tanks of capacity 5lakh litres and a total height of 18m with 3m, 4.5m staging height in Earthquake Zone V by Equivalent static analysis using STAAD.PRO software and referring GSDMA guidelines for the design of a tank and IS 1893 PART2-2014 code. By studying all the observations and results, it shows that Circular water tank is more preferable and economical for use.

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Manshoor, Bukhari, Muhammad Faiq Mdsaufi, Izzuddin Zaman und Amir Khalid. „CFD Analysis of Industrial Multi-Stage Impeller in Stirred Tank with Fractal Pattern Baffled and Impeller“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (Juli 2015): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.337.

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This paper presents tool for analysis of CFD adapted for flows in multi-staged stirred vessels with fractal pattern baffled for industrial. In order to develop a good mixing process model for stirred tanks, several way have been investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic. Implementing fractal design into stirred tank’s baffle and impeller are believed to influence the flow characteristic inside the stirred tank. The mixing process will be conduct by using multi-stage stirred tanks. Hence, the study is to simulate a fractal pattern baffled stirred vessels with fractal base of impeller. Four models with a new concept and different design of stirred tank have been introduced and studied. The multi-stages stirred tanks will adapted with fractal base pattern concept. The simulation is carry out by using the standard k-ε turbulence model. The results have been analysis in order to prove that which one of that model is the most effective in mixing. The flows produced in stirred tank are different and relevant with each model. The velocity profiles also give a relevant and quite impressive result by each model. At the end, the results will be examined and compared with each data that use a common type of baffle and impeller design.

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Kalantari, Afshin, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh und Mohammad Ali Goudarzi. „Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks“. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 13, Nr. 01 (Februar 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431119500027.

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Employing base isolation technique for reduction of seismic response of liquid storage tanks has been proved to be quite effective. The main purpose of this paper is to quantitatively clarify, the contribution of convective and impulsive parts of the contained liquid in seismic behavior of an isolated liquid tank. Moreover, the accuracy of the simplified model which is generally used for the prediction of seismic behavior of conventional tanks is examined for isolated liquid tanks. For these purposes, the seismic response of the isolated cylindrical liquid storage tanks is considered using both the exact finite element model and simplified mass-spring model. The fluid–structure interaction is considered in finite element model. The comparison of the results obtained from two models shows that unlike conventionally constructed tanks, the contribution of convective mass cannot be neglected for seismically isolated tanks. Moreover, the accuracy of the simplified model for evaluating the main design parameters including base shear, global overturning moment, and sloshing height is examined for various tank dimensions and earthquake ground motions. The difference between the base shear and overturning moment results in the FE model and the simplified model of an isolated tank limited to 10%. It approves that the simplified mechanical models can be used with confidence for evaluating the seismic design parameters of various isolated tanks. However, the free surface displacement cannot be accurately predicted by simplified models, especially for medium and broad tanks.

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Mahmood, Abdulkhaleq K., Ali A. Kamal und Ako R. Hama. „Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq“. Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, Nr. 1 (15.04.2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol7.iss1.110.

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The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.

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Stamou, A. I., M. Latsa und D. Assimacopoulos. „Design of two-storey final settling tanks using mathematical models“. Journal of Hydroinformatics 2, Nr. 4 (01.10.2000): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2000.0021.

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A mathematical model is applied to the design of two-storey final settling tanks. Computations show that the flow and suspended solids (SS) concentration fields for the upper and bottom tanks are similar. The flow field has the ‘two-layer’ structure, observed in real and laboratory settling tanks, consisting of a bottom current and a free surface return current with approximately equal heights. The SS concentration field is governed by the flow field (and vice versa). The SS concentration profiles are uniform in the major part of the tanks. The hydraulic and SS removal efficiencies improve with decreasing flow rate. In both tanks the outlet SS concentrations are lower than the maximum permissible value (20 mg l−1), with the upper tank showing a better performance than the bottom tank.

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Кустов, Костянтин Олександрович. „Operation biogas tanks“. Technology audit and production reserves 6, Nr. 1(8) (11.12.2012): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2012.5462.

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Gewin, Virginia. „Tanks Trump Tortoises“. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, Nr. 4 (Mai 2004): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868305.

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