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1

Kilicarslan, Saliha Cetinyokus, Meltem Dogan, and Timur Dogu. "Contribution of Pd Membrane to Dehydrogenation of Isobutane Over a New Mesoporous Cr/MCM-41 Catalyst." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 3 (2016): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0031.

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Abstract A chromium incorporated mesoporous silicate structured Cr/MCM-41 type catalyst was synthesized following a one-pot hydrothermal route and tested in dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene in a Pd membrane reactor. Characterization results of the catalyst proved that it had ordered pore structure with a narrow pore size distribution. This catalyst showed quite high activity for the dehydrogenation of isobutane. Membrane reactor tests performed at 823 K proved the advantages of in-situ removal of produced hydrogen from the reaction zone through the membrane, on isobutene yield. In fac
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2

Mitran, Gheorghita, Ioan-Cezar Marcu, Tatiana Yuzhakova, and Ioan Sandulescu. "Selective oxidation of isobutane on V-Mo-O mixed oxide catalysts." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 1 (2008): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0801055m.

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Four V-Mo-O mixed metal oxides were prepared, characterized and tested for the selective oxidation of isobutane in the temperature range 350-550?C, at atmospheric pressure. Isobutane was mainly oxidized to isobutene and carbon oxides. The systems with low vanadium contents showed low activities but high isobutene selectivities, while the systems with high vanadium contents showed high activities with high carbon oxides selectivities. The effects of temperature, contact time and the molar ratio iso-butane to oxygen on the conversion of isobutane and the selectivity of the oxidation were studied
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3

Mu, Jiali, Liam John France, Baoan Liu, et al. "Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 24 (2016): 8562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy02314b.

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4

Lau, Lik Quan, Sin Yuan Lai, Haiyan Li, Cheng Loong Ngan, Mahashanon Arumugam, and Mukhamad Nurhadi. "Thermodynamic Study of One-step Production from Isobutene to Methyl Methacrylate." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 17, no. 3 (2022): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.17.3.15574.590-607.

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Methyl methacrylate (MMA) has emerged as an essential industrial monomer. However, the toxic by-production and shortage supply of MMA in the global market has gained great attention. Herein, a one-step synthesis to produce MMA from isobutene via a direct oxidative esterification process has been demonstrated to curb the aforementioned downsides. Thermodynamic analysis via Gibbs free energy minimization method proved the feasibility of this route via the equilibrium constant. Despite tert-butanol and isobutane showed higher equilibrium constant than isobutene, they should be avoided. Isobutane
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5

Cheng, Ming, Huahua Zhao, Jian Yang, et al. "Facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous zinc alumina catalysts and their dehydrogenation behavior." RSC Advances 9, no. 17 (2019): 9828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00217k.

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6

Liu, Yang, Chengjie Xia, Qi Wang, et al. "Direct dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene over Zn-doped ZrO2 metal oxide heterogeneous catalysts." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 19 (2018): 4916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy01420e.

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7

Yu, Feng-Li, Yu-Long Gu, Xun Gao, Qi-Chun Liu, Cong-Xia Xie, and Shi-Tao Yu. "Alkylation of isobutane and isobutene catalyzed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-taurine deep eutectic solvents in polyethylene glycol." Chemical Communications 55, no. 33 (2019): 4833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01254k.

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8

Vogin, Bernard, François Baronnet, and Gérard Scacchi. "Étude chimique et cinétique de l'oxydation homogène en phase gazeuse d'alcanes légers. I. Isobutane." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (1989): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-115.

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A literature survey on the homogeneous gas-phase oxidation of light alkanes shows that despite a rather high number of papers there are still, even in the case of isobutane, an important number of unresolved questions, which makes the writing of a reaction scheme rather difficult. To obtain more reliable experimental data, we have studied the homogeneous gas-phase oxidation of isobutane in a conventional static system, at 310 and 340 °C and subatmospheric pressure. This investigation is chiefly aimed at identifying and measuring the major primary products of the reaction. A chain radical schem
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9

Takita, Yusaku, Xia Qing, Akihide Takami, Hiroyasu Nishiguchi, and Katsutoshi Nagaoka. "Oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene III." Applied Catalysis A: General 296, no. 1 (2005): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2005.07.049.

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10

Gogerty, David S., and Thomas A. Bobik. "Formation of Isobutene from 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyrate by Diphosphomevalonate Decarboxylase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 24 (2010): 8004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01917-10.

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ABSTRACT Isobutene is an important commercial chemical used for the synthesis of butyl rubber, terephthalic acid, specialty chemicals, and a gasoline performance additive known as alkylate. Currently, isobutene is produced from petroleum and hence is nonrenewable. Here, we report that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (ScMDD) can convert 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3-HMB) to isobutene. Whole cells of Escherichia coli producing ScMDD with an N-terminal 6×His tag (His6-ScMDD) formed isobutene from 3-HMB at a rate of 154 pmol h−1 g cells−1. In contrast, no isobuten
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11

Li, Yang, Zhongshen Zhang, Junhui Wang, Chunyan Ma, Hongling Yang, and Zhengping Hao. "Direct dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene over carbon catalysts." Chinese Journal of Catalysis 36, no. 8 (2015): 1214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60914-7.

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12

Tedeeva, Marina A., Mikhail Yu Mashkin, Vladimir L. Baybursky, et al. "Effect of Chromium Precursor on the Catalytic Behavior of Chromium Oxide Catalysts in Oxidative Propane and Isobutane Dehydrogenation with Carbon Dioxide." Catalysts 15, no. 3 (2025): 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15030226.

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A series of 5 wt.% Cr/SiO2 catalysts were prepared through incipient wet impregnation using different chromium salts as a source of Cr (chromium (III) sulfate, acetylacetonate, nitrate, ammonium dichromate). The obtained catalysts were characterized by SEM-EDX, TEM, DRIFT-CD3CN spectroscopy, UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the N2 low-temperature adsorption–desorption technique. The catalysts were tested in propane, and isobutane dehydrogenation assisted with CO2 at 600–750 °C. The highest activity in propane dehydrogenation was observed for the catalyst obtained from chromium acet
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13

Matsuda, Takeshi, Isao Koike, Noboru Kubo, and Eiichi Kikuchi. "Dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene in a palladium membrane reactor." Journal of Membrane Science 77, no. 2-3 (1993): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(93)85076-9.

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14

Hartmann, Martin, Sebastian Kunz, Dieter Himsl, Oliver Tangermann, Stefan Ernst, and Alex Wagener. "Adsorptive Separation of Isobutene and Isobutane on Cu3(BTC)2." Langmuir 24, no. 16 (2008): 8634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la8008656.

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15

Guan, Jingqi, Haiyan Xu, Shubo Jing, et al. "Selective oxidation of isobutane and isobutene over vanadium phosphorus oxides." Catalysis Communications 10, no. 3 (2008): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2008.09.003.

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16

Solymosi, Frigyes, and Aleksandar Széchenyi. "Aromatization of isobutane and isobutene over Mo2C/ZSM-5 catalyst." Applied Catalysis A: General 278, no. 1 (2004): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2004.09.036.

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17

Matsuda, Takeshi, Isao Koike, Noboru Kubo, and Eiichi Kikuchi. "Dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene in a palladium membrane reactor." Applied Catalysis A: General 96, no. 1 (1993): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(93)80002-8.

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18

Harun-Or-Rashid, Dr Mohammad, Mohammad Ishtiak Ashraf, and Md Shayel Khan. "Performance Enhancement of the Refrigeration System by Adding Capacitor and Replacing Refrigerant- Experimental Study." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, no. 3 (2022): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b2107.0211322.

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Manufacturing process and performance analysis of a non-frost refrigeration system are presented in this paper. Main objectives of this research were to suggest better refrigerant as well as propose a technique for further reduction of the power consumption of the system. Performance of the refrigeration system was evaluated for Tetra-fluoro-ethane and Isobutene refrigerant. From the experiment, it is found that, coefficient of performance of the system with Isobutene is better than the coefficient of performance with Tetra-fluoro-ethane. Not only that, Tetra-fluoro-ethane is higher global war
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19

Dr., Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid, Ishtiak Ashraf Mohammad, and Shayel Khan Md. "Performance Enhancement of the Refrigeration System by Adding Capacitor and Replacing Refrigerant- Experimental Study." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 11, no. 3 (2022): 76–79. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.B2107.0211322.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Manufacturing process and performance analysis of a non-frost refrigeration system are presented in this paper. Main objectives of this research were to suggest better refrigerant as well as propose a technique for further reduction of the power consumption of the system. Performance of the refrigeration system was evaluated for Tetra-fluoro-ethane and Isobutene refrigerant. From the experiment, it is found that, coefficient of performance of the system with Isobutene is better than the coefficient of performance with Tetra-fluoro-ethane. Not only that, Tetra-fluoro-
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20

Bolonio, David, Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia, María-Jesús García-Martínez, et al. "La-Faujasite zeolite activated with boron trifluoride: synthesis and application as solid acid catalyst for isobutane–isobutene alkylation." Applied Petrochemical Research 11, no. 3 (2021): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-021-00283-x.

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AbstractThe sodium form of Faujasite Y (Na-FAU) zeolite has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and it has been exchanged with ammonium sulphate and later with lanthanum (III) chloride solutions to obtain the La-FAU catalyst. The three zeolites Na-FAU, NH4+-FAU and La-FAU have been characterized by microcrystalline X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, surface area, pore volume and Brönsted acid sites. The La-FAU catalyst has been successfully activated with boron trifluoride etherate, and it has been tested in the alkylation reaction of isobutane with isobutene up to 112 h of time o
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21

Kipnis, M. A., O. A. Sukhorebrova, I. M. Gerzeliev, L. I. Rodionova, M. V. Belova, and A. S. Korotkov. "Adsorption of isobutane and isobutene over ZVM, Beta, and Y zeolites." Petroleum Chemistry 55, no. 2 (2015): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544115020140.

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22

Shimada, Hiroshi, Taro Akazawa, Na-oki Ikenaga, and Toshimitsu Suzuki. "Dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene with iron-loaded activated carbon catalyst." Applied Catalysis A: General 168, no. 2 (1998): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(97)00350-5.

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23

Liu, Jing Jun, Yong Yuan, Hang Zhang, and Bo Lun Yang. "New Process for Etherification of Glycerol with Isobutene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.33.

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A process was designed for etherification of glycerol with isobutene based on latest results of kinetic and thermodynamic study. A continuous stirred tank reactor was employed to carry out the reaction. Fresh glycerol was used to extract mono-ethers (ME) of glycerol in the reaction product and then returned to the reactor. Residual glycerol and ME were recovered by water washing and distillation. Isobutene and isobutene dimers were separated from high-ethers in a side draw distillation column. The new process was optimized, and a product yield of 97 wt% was obtained.
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24

Irada Ahmadova, Irada Ahmadova. "WHEN CHOOSING CATALYSTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF ISOBUTYLENE PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY AND QUANTITY." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 11, no. 07 (2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei1107202129.

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Catalysts play an extremely important role in wildlife and industry. Today it is difficult to describe chemistry and petrochemistry without catalytic processes. Catalytic processes account for 80-85% of oil refining. Therefore, the problem of choosing a catalyst is of interest both from the point of view of quality and quantity. In this paper, the activity of a high silicon zeolite catalyst used in the conversion of isobutene was studied at various temperatures, and it was determined that a sample of the zeolite catalyst during the process initially had no catalytic activity during the convers
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25

Machek, Jaroslav, Josef Tichý, and Jiří Švachula. "Catalytic Oxidation of Isobutene on a Polycomponent Catalyst." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 12 (1993): 2867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932867.

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The catalytic gas-phase oxidation of isobutene has been studied on polycomponent Mo-Co-Ni-Bi-Fe-K oxide catalyst suitable for industrial preparation of propenal from propene. It has been found that within the temperature interval 290 - 350 °C the main oxidation products are 2-methylpropenal, acetone, 2-methylpropenoic acid, acetic acid and carbon dioxide. A modification of the mentioned catalyst by addition of a further component (W, P, Te, and Zn) showed that zinc increases the conversion of isobutene and at the same time markedly increases its selectivity for 2-methylpropenal, whereas the ad
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26

Rossoni, Luca, Stephen J. Hall, Graham Eastham, Peter Licence, and Gill Stephens. "The Putative Mevalonate Diphosphate Decarboxylase from Picrophilus torridus Is in Reality a Mevalonate-3-Kinase with High Potential for Bioproduction of Isobutene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (2015): 2625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04033-14.

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ABSTRACTMevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD) is an ATP-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation/decarboxylation of (R)-mevalonate-5-diphosphate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. MVD is a key enzyme in engineered metabolic pathways for bioproduction of isobutene, since it catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyisovalerate (3-HIV) to isobutene, an important platform chemical. The putative homologue fromPicrophilus torridushas been identified as a highly efficient variant in a number of patents, but its detailed characterization has not been reported. In
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27

Waterman, H. I., J. Over, and A. J. Tulleners. "Polymerisation of isobutene." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 53, no. 8 (2010): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19340530804.

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28

Vislovskiy, V. P., N. T. Shamilov, A. M. Sardarly, et al. "Oxidative conversion of isobutane to isobutene over V-Sb-Ni oxide catalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 250, no. 1 (2003): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(03)00295-3.

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29

Wang, Guowei, Chunyi Li, and Honghong Shan. "Highly Efficient Metal Sulfide Catalysts for Selective Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene." ACS Catalysis 4, no. 4 (2014): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cs5000944.

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30

Sahebdelfar, Saeed, Parisa Moghimpour Bijani, Maryam Saeedizad, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh, and Kamran Ganji. "Modeling of adiabatic moving-bed reactor for dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene." Applied Catalysis A: General 395, no. 1-2 (2011): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.01.027.

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31

Ehiro, Takuya, Ai Itagaki, Hisanobu Misu, et al. "Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene on Metal-Doped MCM-41 Catalysts." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 49, no. 2 (2016): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15we106.

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32

Liu, Shiwei, Chuangang Chen, Fengli Yu, et al. "Alkylation of isobutane/isobutene using Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids as catalysts." Fuel 159 (November 2015): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.053.

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33

MATSUDA, T., I. KOIKE, N. KUBO, and E. KIKUCHI. "ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene in a Palladium Membrane Reactor." ChemInform 24, no. 26 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199326083.

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34

Masoudian, S. K., S. Sadighi, A. Abbasi, F. Salehirad, and A. Fazlollahi. "Regeneration of a Commercial Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Isobutane to Isobutene." Chemical Engineering & Technology 36, no. 9 (2013): 1593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201300090.

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35

Evanics, F., I. Kiricsi, Gy Tasi, H. Förster, and P. Fejes. "Cracking of neopentane over acidic zeolites: influence of isobutane and isobutene admission." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 95, no. 3 (1995): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1381-1169(94)00020-4.

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36

Song, Zhen, Jiameng Wang, Fanji Liu, Xiqing Zhang, Énio Matusse, and Lihong Zhang. "MgF2-Modified Hydrotalcite-Derived Composites Supported Pt-In Catalysts for Isobutane Direct Dehydrogenation." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040478.

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Here, a simple method was developed to prepare an MgF2-modified hydrotalcite-derived composite, which was used as support for the Pt-In catalyst for isobutane direct dehydrogenation. The catalysts, composites, and their precursors were characterized by numerous characterization techniques. The results provided evidence for the MgF2 promoter effect on the physical–chemical properties and dehydrogenation performance of the supported Pt-In catalysts. The catalyst with MgF2 shows exceptional isobutene selectivity that can be stabilized at 95%, and the conversion increases from 50% to 58% during th
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37

Walker, Johannes C. L., and Martin Oestreich. "Ionic Transfer Reactions with Cyclohexadiene-Based Surrogates." Synlett 30, no. 20 (2019): 2216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690233.

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A current research program in our laboratory is devoted to the development of cyclohexa-1,4-diene-based surrogates of difficult-to-handle compounds and their application in metal-free ionic transfer reactions. These investigations grew from our interest in silylium ion chemistry and consequently concentrated initially on surrogates of gaseous and explosive hydrosilanes such as Me3SiH and even monosilane (SiH4). Since then, we have expanded the concept to design surrogates of other species including H2, mineral acids (HI and HBr), and hydrocarbons (isobutane and isobutene). This Account summari
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38

M. Petkovic, Lucia, and Daniel M. Ginosar. "Synthesis of Isobutene and Isobutane from Synthesis Gas. A Literature Review Since 1992." Current Catalysise 1, no. 1 (2012): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211544711201010052.

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39

M. Petkovic, Lucia, and Daniel M. Ginosar. "Synthesis of Isobutene and Isobutane from Synthesis Gas. A Literature Review Since 1992." Current Catalysis 1, no. 1 (2012): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211545511201010052.

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40

Cortright, Randy D., Per E. Levin, and James A. Dumesic. "Kinetic Studies of Isobutane Dehydrogenation and Isobutene Hydrogenation over Pt/Sn-Based Catalysts." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37, no. 5 (1998): 1717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970917f.

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41

CENTENO, M., M. DEBOIS, and P. GRANGE. "Platinum aluminophosphate oxynitride (Pt-AIPON) catalysts for the dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene." Journal of Catalysis 192, no. 2 (2000): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2000.2848.

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42

Hogeveen, H., and A. F. Bickel. "Formation of trimethylcarbonium ions from isobutane and protons. Basicity of isobutene: (Short communication)." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 86, no. 12 (2010): 1313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19670861206.

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43

van Leeuwen, Bianca N. M., Albertus M. van der Wulp, Isabelle Duijnstee, Antonius J. A. van Maris, and Adrie J. J. Straathof. "Fermentative production of isobutene." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 93, no. 4 (2012): 1377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3853-7.

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44

Fukuda, Hideo, Takao Fujii, and Takahira Ogawa. "Production of Isobutene byRhodotorulaYeasts." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 49, no. 5 (1985): 1541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10866942.

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45

Garratt, Shaun, Andrew G. Carr, Gerhard Langstein, and Manfred Bochmann. "Isobutene Polymerization and Isobutene-Isoprene Copolymerization Catalyzed by Cationic Zirconocene Hydride Complexes." Macromolecules 36, no. 12 (2003): 4276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma034320p.

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46

Azizian, M. F., J. D. Istok, and L. Semprini. "Push-pull test evaluation of the in situ aerobic cometabolism of chlorinated ethenes by toluene-utilizing microorganisms." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 7 (2005): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0178.

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Single-well, push-pull tests were conducted in a contaminated aquifer to evaluate the ability of toluene-oxidizing microorganisms to cometabolize chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), such as trichloroethene (TCE). Test solutions were injected into the aquifer using a standard monitoring well, and then were transported under natural-gradient conditions. Transport tests demonstrated similar transport characteristics of the conservative tracer and the reactive solutes. Biostimulation tests were then performed by injecting a test solution containing dissolved toluene substrate, hydrogen pero
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Mitu, Simona, and Michael C. Baird. "Syntheses, characterization, and crystal structures of the tetramethylammonium salts of the novel weakly coordinating anions [MeCO2{B(C6F5)3}]– and [MeCO2{B(C6F5)3}2]–." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 2 (2006): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-245.

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The novel compounds [Me4N][MeCO2{B(C6F5)3}] and [Me4N][MeCO2{B(C6F5)3}2] are prepared and characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. The compounds are salts of the unisolable acids MeCO2H·B(C6F5)3 and MeCO2H·2B(C6F5)3, respectively, which are sufficiently strong that they can protonate isobutene and initiate its carbocationic polymerization. The 1:1 adduct contains a conventional, monodentate acetate ion coordinated to the B(C6F5)3, while the 2:1 adduct contains a bridging acetate ligand.Key words: weakly coordinating anions, carbocationic polymerization, isobutene, polyisobuten
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48

Chen, Chiung-Ju, and Joseph W. Bozzelli. "Analysis of Tertiary Butyl Radical + O2, Isobutene + HO2, Isobutene + OH, and Isobutene−OH Adducts + O2: A Detailed Tertiary Butyl Oxidation Mechanism." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 103, no. 48 (1999): 9731–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp991227n.

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49

Luo, Yajun, Changxi Miao, Yinghong Yue, Weimin Yang, Weiming Hua, and Zi Gao. "Chromium Oxide Supported on Silicalite-1 Zeolite as a Novel Efficient Catalyst for Dehydrogenation of Isobutane Assisted by CO2." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (2019): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9121040.

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The chromium oxide catalysts supported on silicalite-1 zeolite (Cr/S-1) with a Cr content between 0.5% and 7% were synthesized via an incipient wetness method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, TEM-EDX, UV-vis, DRIFTS, 29Si MAS NMR, XPS, H2-TPR, and NH3-TPD. The optimum 3%Cr/S-1 catalyst with 3%Cr is more active and stable than SBA-15-supported one with the same Cr content, which is a consequence of a higher content of Cr6+ in the fresh 3%Cr/S-1 catalyst and a higher content of Cr6+ retained on the former catalyst during the reaction. The 3%Cr/S-1 catalyst affords an isob
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Brown, Trevor, David Miron, Abdullah Alanazi, and Cam Le Minh. "Rate Parameter Distributions for Isobutane Dehydrogenation and Isobutene Dimerization and Desorption over HZSM-5." Catalysts 3, no. 4 (2013): 922–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal3040922.

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