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1
Horton, Lorne. "The JET programme in support of ITER." Fusion Engineering and Design 87, no. 5-6 (2012): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.01.042.
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Paméla, J., F. Romanelli, M. L. Watkins, et al. "The JET programme in support of ITER." Fusion Engineering and Design 82, no. 5-14 (2007): 590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.03.003.
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Matthews, G. F., M. Beurskens, S. Brezinsek, et al. "JET ITER-like wall—overview and experimental programme." Physica Scripta T145 (December 1, 2011): 014001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2011/t145/014001.
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4
Mahoney, Sean. "Role Controversy among Team Teachers in the JET Programme." JALT Journal 26, no. 2 (2004): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj26.2-6.
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This article attempts to identify and clarify incongruous and problematic perceptions of team-teachers' roles held by JET Programme Assistant English Teachers (AETs) and their Japanese English-teaching colleagues (JTEs). Confusion over who should do what, and especially the frustration resulting from belief conflicts between team teachers, produces negative pressure on partners that could be detrimental to English lessons and general classroom atmospheres. Using data collected from long-answer sections of a nationwide questionnaire involving over 1,400 junior and senior high school educators, the author investigates discord found between and within AET and JTE groups at both levels. While respondents generally concurred on the main (i.e. top three) roles expected of themselves and their partners, discrepancies did arise regarding other, less commonly perceived roles. 本稿はJETプログラムの英語指導助手（AET）と日本人英語教師（JTE）によるティームティーチング（TT）授業において、両者の役割に関する問題や齟齬を指摘し、詳述するものである。英語の授業におけるそれぞれの担当内容、特に教育方針の違いから生じる不満が積もると、両者に否定的なプレッシャーを与え、教室内の雰囲気に悪影響を及ぼすことになるだろう。中学校・高等学校で教えている全国1,400名以上の英語教師からの自由記述データを利用して、筆者がAET集団とJET集団間、及び、それぞれの集団内部の問題を検討する。全般的に、回答者からは各々のパートナーに期待されている主要な役割分担に関して共通の認識を持っている割合が高かったが、双方に差異が見られる場合、役割に関する共通認識の割合が低い傾向があった。
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Rebut, P. H. "The history and future of the JET fusion programme." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 29, no. 10B (1987): 1419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/29/10b/402.
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Hoggarth, R., and Richard Mange. "Highlights of the Lockheed Martin F-35 STOVL jet effects programme." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1140 (2009): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000002864.
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Abstract This paper presents the highlights of the F-35 STOVL Jet Effects (SJE) test effort during the complete four years of the System Development and Demonstration phase. A new 12%-scale F-35 SJE model was tested in the German-Dutch wind-tunnels Large Low Speed Facility in order to gather STOVL jet-induced Forces and Moments. Ten separate test entries were conducted, covering all STOVL flight regimes from pure hover in ground effect through transition to wing borne flight. This paper will present an overview of this program, including a detailed description of the wind-tunnel model, testing techniques, test conditions, and accomplishments.
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Rosanvallon, S., N. Bekris, J. Braet, et al. "Tritium Related Studies Within the JET Fusion Technology Work Programme." Fusion Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (2005): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a925.
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Chindemi, Gregory Paul. "Untrained Foreign English Educators in Japan: A Discourse on Government Education Initiative and Perceptions from Japanese Teacher's on Efficacy in the Classroom." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 20, no. 7 (2021): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.7.7.
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Social scientists, teacher leaders, and academics, both Japanese and non-Japanese, have attempted to examine the phenomenon of unlicensed foreigners in the Japanese classroom environment. In an attempt to open a discourse on the intentions and subsequent failures of the JET programme, and to identify specific perceptions of Japanese teachers in relation to JET, a historical analysis of the JET programme coupled with a Likert Scale survey was utilized. In this ordinal scale survey, the opinions of both experienced Japanese teachers and inexperienced Japanese teachers on the challenges of working in conjunction with untrained foreign instructors during their career, were used to gauge teacher's attitudes and opinions. Results would suggest that teacher's with longer time in the field of education have stronger opinions towards untrained foreign educators in the classroom, while less experienced teachers are more apt to working with untrained foreign educators without expressing dissatisfaction.
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Lee, Taeseok, Sascha Trippe, Motoki Kino, et al. "Jet kinematics of the quasar 4C+21.35 from observations with the KaVA very long baseline interferometry array." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 2 (2019): 2412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz970.
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Abstract We present the jet kinematics of the flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) 4C+21.35 using time-resolved KaVA very long baseline interferometry array radio maps obtained from 2014 September to 2016 July. During two out of three observing campaigns, observations were performed bi-weekly at 22 and 43 GHz quasi-simultaneously. At 22 GHz, we identified three jet components near the core with apparent speeds up to (14.4 ± 2.1)c. The timing of the ejection of a new component detected in 2016 is consistent with a γ-ray flare in 2014 November. At 43 GHz, we found four inner jet (<3 mas) components with speeds from (3.5 ± 1.4)c to (6.8 ± 1.5)c. Jet component speeds tend to be higher with increasing distances from the core. We compared our data with archival Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data from the Boston University (BU) 43 GHz and the Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments (MOJAVE) 15.4 GHz monitoring programmes. Whereas MOJAVE data and our data are in good agreement, jet speeds obtained from the BU programme data in the same time period are about twice as high as the ones we obtain from the KaVA data. The discrepancy at 43 GHz indicates that radio arrays with different angular resolution identify and trace different jet features even when the data are obtained at the same frequency and at the same time. The flux densities of jet components decay exponentially, in agreement with a synchrotron cooling time-scale of ∼1 yr. Using known electron Lorentz factor values (∼9000), we estimate the magnetic field strength to be ∼1–3 $\mu$T. When adopting a jet viewing angle of 5°, the intrinsic jet speed is of order 0.99c.
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Chuilon, P., A. C. Bell, and J. L. Hemmerich. "Experience in the Installation Programme of the JET Active Gas Handling System." Fusion Technology 21, no. 2P2 (1992): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst92-a29771.
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Nurfaizey, Abdul Hamid, Mohd Zaid Akop, Mohd Azli Salim, Mohd Afzanizam Mohd Rosli, and Nor Azmmi Masripan. "Controlled deposition of electrospun nanofibres using active time-varying secondary electrodes." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 1 (2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2019-0028.
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Purpose In this study, a new method of controlled deposition in electrospinning process is investigated using active time-varying secondary electrodes, in particular sine and triangular potentials to produce a wide and uniform electrospun fibre web. Design/methodology/approach A special electrospinning setup was designed to include two independently charged secondary electrodes and a rotating collector. LabVIEW programme was used to control the applied potential at the electrodes. An aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was used as the model material. An image analysis method was used to quantify the results. MATLAB programme was used to simulate the experimental results. Scanning electron microscope and SEM analyser software were used to examine the fibres. Findings It was observed that when a time-varying electric potential was used, the electrospinning jet was periodically move to-and-fro in agreement with the varying electric field. The continuous movement of the jet expanded the width of the deposited web. The smooth oscillation of a sine wave potential was initially thought to produce a uniform pattern of deposited web; however, the results showed otherwise. A similar result was also found in simulations. The reason behind this observation was due to the difference in jet scanning speed between the two potentials. Originality/value This study provides useful information for understanding how an active secondary electrode can be used as a new method of fibre deposition control in electrospinning process.
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Lahav, Orly, Vadim Talis, Ravit Shelkovitz, and Rona Horen. "High-functioning autistic children programming robotic behaviour." Journal of Enabling Technologies 13, no. 2 (2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-12-2018-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability of high-functioning autistic (HFA) children to programme robotic behaviour and sought to elucidate how they describe and construct a robot’s behaviour using iconic programming software. Design/methodology/approach The robotic learning environment is based on the iPad, an iconic programming app (KinderBot), and EV3. Two case studies, of A. and N., both HFA children of average age 10.5, are the focus of this research. Findings The research revealed how the participants succeeded in programming the behaviour of an “other” at different programming complexity levels (from simple action to combinations of states of two binary sensors and rule with subroutine). A transformation from procedural to declarative description was also found. Practical implications This research on the ability of HFA children to programme robotic behaviour yielded results that can be implemented in K-12 education. Furthermore, learning to programme robots and understand how robotic technologies work may help HFA children to better understand other technology in their environment. Originality/value In this research, the authors present an innovative approach that for the first time enables HFA children to “design” the behaviour of smart artefacts to use their sensors to adapt in accordance with the environment. For most HFA children, this would be the first opportunity to “design” the behaviour of the other, as opposed to oneself, since in most of their experience they have been largely controlled by another person.
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Cominos, Antony. "Internationalisation and reform in foreign language education: the Japan exchange and teaching (JET) programme." Asian Studies Review 15, no. 1 (1991): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03147539108712753.
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Hemmerich, J. L., A. Dombra, J. Gowman, et al. "Key components of the JET Active Gas Handling System — experimental programme and test results." Fusion Engineering and Design 11, no. 1-2 (1989): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(89)90009-4.
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Thomsen, H. H., O. B. Olesen, R. J. Braithwaite, and A. Weidick. "Greenland ice-margin programme, a pilot study at Pâkitsoq, north-east of Jakobshavn, central West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 145 (December 31, 1989): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v145.8073.
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A glaciological field programme was carried out from 24 July to 21 August 1988 on the Greenland ice-sheet margin at Pakitsoq, north-east of Ilulissat/Jakobshavn, West Greenland. Glaciological investigations for planning hydropower at Pakitsoq have been made by GGU since 1982. The investigations include six years of mass-balance measurements, repeated photogrammetric and satellite mapping, ice-thickness mapping by radio-echo sounding, stable-isotope studies, hot-water-jet drillings and measurements of ice velocity and englacial temperatures (Thomsen, 1986, 1988; Thorning & Hansen, 1987; Olesen & Clausen, 1988). Simulations of runoff, glacier dynamics and glacier hydraulics are also carried out (Reeh, 1983; Thomsen et al., 1988). The aim of the 1988 field programme was to extend and confirm assumptions in the previous work.
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Pötzl, F. M., A. P. Lobanov, E. Ros, et al. "Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron." Astronomy & Astrophysics 648 (April 2021): A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039493.
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Context. Supermassive black holes in the centres of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) can produce collimated relativistic outflows (jets). Magnetic fields are thought to play a key role in the formation and collimation of these jets, but the details are much debated. Aims. We study the innermost jet morphology and magnetic field strength in the AGN 3C 345 with an unprecedented resolution using images obtained within the framework of the key science programme on AGN polarisation of the Space VLBI mission RadioAstron. Methods. We observed the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 345 at 1.6 GHz on 2016 March 30 with RadioAstron and 18 ground-based radio telescopes in full polarisation mode. Results. Our images, in both total intensity and linear polarisation, reveal a complex jet structure at 300 μas angular resolution, corresponding to a projected linear scale of about 2 pc or a few thousand gravitational radii. We identify the synchrotron self-absorbed core at the jet base and find the brightest feature in the jet 1.5 mas downstream of the core. Several polarised components appear in the Space VLBI images that cannot be seen from ground array-only images. Except for the core, the electric vector position angles follow the local jet direction, suggesting a magnetic field perpendicular to the jet. This indicates the presence of plane perpendicular shocks in these regions. Additionally, we infer a minimum brightness temperature at the largest (u, v)-distances of 1.1 × 1012 K in the source frame, which is above the inverse Compton limit and an order of magnitude larger than the equipartition value. This indicates locally efficient injection or re-acceleration of particles in the jet to counter the inverse Compton cooling or the geometry of the jet creates significant changes in the Doppler factor, which has to be > 11 to explain the high brightness temperatures.
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Lioure, A., A. Kaye, A. Murari, et al. "The JET-Enhanced Performance programme: More heating power and diagnostic capabilities in preparation for ITER." Fusion Engineering and Design 74, no. 1-4 (2005): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.249.
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Lilley, G. M. "The generation of sound in turbulent motion." Aeronautical Journal 112, no. 1133 (2008): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000002347.
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Abstract The present paper reviews and discusses the physical mechanisms of noise generation and reduction in turbulent flows with their applications towards aircraft noise reduction at takeoff and on the approach. This work began in 1948 when Lilley undertook an experimental investigation into the source of jet noise as a necessary precursor to finding methods for the reduction of high speed jet engine noise on civil jet airliners. Westley and Lilley completed this experimental programme in 1951, which included the design of a range of devices for high speed jet noise reduction. It was about this time that similar studies on jet noise were being started elsewhere and in particular by Lassiter and Hubbard in USA. The major contribution to the subject of turbulence as a source of noise came from Sir James Lighthill’s remarkable theory in 1952. In spite of the difficulties attached to theoretical and experimental studies on noise from turbulence, it is shown that with the accumulated knowledge on aerodynamic noise over the past 50 years, together with an optimisation of aircraft operations including flight trajectories, we are today on the threshold of approaching the design of commercial aircraft with turbofan propulsion engines that will not be heard above the background noise of the airport at takeoff and landing beyond 1-2km, from the airport boundary fence. It is evident that in the application of this work, which centres on the physical mechanisms relating to the generation of noise from turbulence and turbulent shear flows, to jet noise, there is not one unique mechanism of jet noise generation for all jet Mach numbers. This author in this publication has concentrated on what appears to be the dominant mechanism of noise generation from turbulence, where the mean convection speeds of the turbulence are subsonic. The noise generated at transonic and supersonic jet speeds invariably involves extra mechanisms, which are only briefly referred to here.
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Glasson, John, Andrew Chadwick, and Joe Weston. "Global decisions and local economic impacts—the nuclear fusion programme and the JET project in Oxfordshire." European Planning Studies 6, no. 1 (1998): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654319808720447.
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Andréasson, Frida, Jan Aidemark, Lennart Magnusson, Anna Strömberg, and Elizabeth Jane Hanson. "Lifeworld in co-designing with informal carers." Journal of Enabling Technologies 13, no. 1 (2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-05-2018-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on carers’ experiences of being involved in the development of a web-based support programme for carers of people with heart failure (CPwHF), and discuss the challenges related to their involvement in the development process. The focus was on the different phases in the project as well as the methodological challenges and opportunities that occurred in the user group sessions conducted. Design/methodology/approach This research adopt an explorative design studying a co-design process to develop an information and communication technology based support programme for and with CPwHF. Habermas’ concepts of lifeworld and system are used as a theoretical framework to analyse the co-design process employed in the study. Findings Reflecting on the co-design approach adopted, the findings highlight the methodological challenges that arise with carer involvement and the possible tensions that occur between researchers’ ambitions to include users in the design process, and the goal of developing a product or service, in the different phases of the design process. Originality/value Findings highlight that there is a tension between the system and lifeworld in the co-design process which are not totally compatible. The paper highlights that there is a need to develop flexible and reflexive human-centred design methodologies, able to meet carers’ needs and ideas, and at the same time balance this with proposed research outcomes.
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Kramer, Busaba H., Karl M. Menten, and Alex Kraus. "Variability of Water Masers in W49N: Results from Effelsberg Long-term Monitoring Programme." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S336 (2017): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317011437.
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AbstractWe present the results from an ongoing long-term monitoring of the 22 GHz H2O maser in W49N with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope from February 2014 to September 2017. The unique Effelsbergs spectral line observation capability provides a broad velocity range coverage from −500 to +500 km s−1 with a spectral resolution better than 0.1 km/s. Following the strong major outburst in W49N in late 2013, we have started a long-term monitoring programme at Effelsberg. The major outburst feature (up to 80,000 Jy at VLSR − 98 km s−1) faded away by June 2014. However, we found that the site is still active with several high velocity outbursts (both blue and redshifted). Some features appear at extremely high velocities (up to ±280 km s−1) and show rapid flux variations within a 1-2 month period. This sub-year scale variability implies that the water masers could be excited by episodic shock propagation caused by a high-velocity protostellar jet.
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Tukiainen, T. "Geological mapping and mineral exploration in the Motzfeldt Centre of the Igaliko nepheline syenite complex, South Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 125 (December 31, 1985): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v125.7891.
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The mineral occurrences of the Motzfeldt Centre, discovered by the South Greenland regional uranium exploration programme (Armour-Brown et al., 1984, Tukiainen et al., 1984), are now being explored for their Nb and Ta potential under a project financed by the EEC's Resources and Raw Materials Programme and The Geological Survey of Greenland. Accompanying the mineral exploration several other investigations are being carried out, and there is a dose co-operation between the various groups working in the area. The 1984 field activities comprised geological mapping, geochemical and geophysical investigations, and mineral exploration. The field activities were supported by GGU's facilities at Narssarssuaq where Jørgen Lau acted as base camp manager. A Jet Ranger helicopter, chartered on an ad hoc basis from the Ice Reconnaissance Centre at Narssarssuaq, was used for camp moves, geological reconnaissance and servicing of the field teams. Despite the bad weather conditions which prevailed for most of the season the main objectives of the field work were achieved.
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Dowling, Anna, Ellen Slungaard, and Nicola R. Heneghan. "Development of a patient-reported outcome measure for neck pain in military aircrew: qualitative interviews to inform design and content." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (2021): e039488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039488.
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IntroductionThe prevalence of flight-related neck pain is 70% in UK fast jet pilots; much higher than the general population. The Aircrew Conditioning Programme and direct access physiotherapy exist to minimise the impact on military capability, but a population specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is required to investigate the effectiveness of these. We aimed to explore the experiences of flight-related neck pain to inform the content validity and development of a population specific PROM.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews combining phenomenological and grounded theory methods, reported using Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines. A purposive sample of 10 fast jet pilots with neck pain was recruited. Concept elicitation interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim along with field notes. Data analysis involved subject and methodological expertise used a concept elicitation approach.ResultsParticipants included 10 male fast jet pilots, age 34.7 years. Identified themes included: (1) physical symptoms associated with flying activities; (2) occupational effects revealed modifications of flying, or ‘suboptimal’ performance owing to neck pain; (3) psychological effects revealed feelings or worry and (4) social and activity effects showed impact on out of work time.ConclusionPopulation-specific occupational, psychological and social factors should be considered alongside physical symptoms when managing neck pain in military aircrew. Findings support the development of a PROM specifically designed for military aircrew with neck pain.
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Frey, S., O. Titov, A. E. Melnikov, P. de Vicente, and F. Shu. "High-resolution radio imaging of two luminous quasars beyond redshift 4.5." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832771.
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Context. Radio-loud active galactic nuclei in the early Universe are rare. The quasars J0906+6930 at redshift z = 5.47 and J2102+6015 at z = 4.57 stand out from the known sample with their compact emission on milliarcsecond (mas) angular scale with high (0.1 Jy level) flux densities measured at GHz radio frequencies. This makes them ideal targets for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. Aims. By means of VLBI imaging we can reveal the inner radio structure of quasars and model their brightness distribution to better understand the geometry of the jet and the physics of the sources. Methods. We present sensitive high-resolution VLBI images of J0906+6930 and J2102+6015 at two observing frequencies, 2.3 and 8.6 GHz. The data were taken in an astrometric observing programme involving a global five-element radio telescope array. We combined the data from five different epochs from 2017 February to August. Results. For one of the highest redshift blazars known, J0906+6930, we present the first-ever VLBI image obtained at a frequency below 8 GHz. Based on our images at 2.3 and 8.6 GHz, we confirm that this source has a sharply bent helical inner jet structure within ∼3 mas from the core. The quasar J2102+6015 shows an elongated radio structure in the east–west direction within the innermost ∼2 mas that can be described with a symmetric three-component brightness distribution model at 8.6 GHz. Because of their non-pointlike mas-scale structure, these sources are not ideal as astrometric reference objects. Our results demonstrate that VLBI observing programmes conducted primarily with astrometric or geodetic goals can be utilized for astrophysical purposes as well.
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Hasan, R. G. M., J. J. McGuirk, D. D. Apsley, and M. A. Leschziner. "A turbulence model study of separated 3D jet/afterbody flow." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1079 (2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004942.
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Three-dimensional RANS calculations and comparisons with experimental data are presented for subsonic and transonic flow past a non-axisymmetric (rectangular) nozzle/afterbody typical of those found in fast-jet aircraft. The full details of the geometry have been modelled, and the flow domain includes the internal nozzle flow and the jet exhaust plume. The calculations relate to two free-stream Mach numbers of 0-6 and 0-94 and have been performed during the course of a collaborative research programme involving a number of UK universities and industrial organisations. The close interaction between partners contributed greatly to the elimination of computational inconsistencies and to rational decisions on common grids and boundary conditions, based on a range of preliminary computations. The turbulence models used in the study include linear and non-linear eddy-viscosity models. For the lower Mach number case, the flow remains attached and all of the turbulence models yield satisfactory pressure predictions. However, for the higher Mach number, the flow over the afterbody is massively separated, and the effect of turbulence model performance is pronounced. It is observed that non-linear eddy-viscosity modelling provides improved shock capturing and demonstrates significant turbulence anisotropy. Among the linear eddy-viscosity models, the SST model predicts the best surface pressure distributions. The standard k -ε model gives reasonable results, but returns a shock location which is too far downstream and displays a delayed recovery. The flow field inside the jet nozzle is not influenced by turbulence modelling, highlighting the essentially inviscid nature of the flow in this region. However, the resolution of internal shock cells for identical grids is found to be dependent on the solution algorithm -specifically, whether it solves for pressure or density as a main dependent variable. Density-based time-marching schemes are found to return a better resolution of shock reflection. The paper also highlights the urgent need for more detailed experimental data in this type of flow.
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Lobanov, A. P., L. I. Gurvits, S. Frey, R. T. Schilizzi, N. Kawaguchi, and I. I. K. Pauliny‐Toth. "VLBI Space Observatory Programme Observation of the Quasar PKS 2215+020: A New Laboratory for Core‐Jet Physics atz = 3.572." Astrophysical Journal 547, no. 2 (2001): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/318391.
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Van Winckel, Hans. "Post-AGB binaries as tracers of stellar evolution." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S323 (2016): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317002150.
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AbstractIn this contribution the focus is on post-AGB binaries. It is now well established that these are often surrounded by stable long-lived circumbinary discs of gas and dust. Here we introduce our monitoring programme with our high-resolution spectrograph HERMES mounted on the 1.2m Mercator telescope. We illustrate the use of time-series high-resolution spectra and show that jets observed in many systems are launched at the location of the companion. The jet is likely originating from a circum-companion accretion disc. The link of these systems to some PNe relies on the detection of similar orbits and hence wide spectroscopic orbits among central stars of PNe. The conclusion is that Keplerian discs as well as circum-companion discs are fundamental to understanding the properties and evolution of these interacting evolved binaries.
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Getov, R. G. "Photographic Surface Photometry of Bright Galaxies in the M 81 Group." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900048154.
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A programme for the surface photometry of bright galaxies has been underway at the Rozhen Observatory since 1991. In a series of papers we shall explore the optical morphology, photometric properties and some peculiarities suggestive of galaxy-galaxy interactions of the bright galaxies NGC 2976, NGC 3031, NGC 3034 and NGC 3077 in the M 81 group. Most of the plates were taken with the 2 m Rozhen Ritchey-Chrétien telescope, but at our disposal there are plates from the 6 m BTA and 2 m Tautenburg Schmidt telescope. Here we discuss some preliminary results for the optical morphology on the basis of two B-plates from the 2 m Tautenburg Schmidt telescope. It shows the edge-on like face of NGC 2976, the grand-designed spiral structure of NGC 3031 and the filament-jet peculiarities in NGC 3034 and NGC 3077.
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Max-Moerbeck, W., J. L. Richards, T. Hovatta, et al. "The connection between the 15 GHz radio and gamma-ray emission in blazars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S313 (2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315001799.
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AbstractSince mid-2007 we have carried out a dedicated long-term monitoring programme at 15 GHz using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 meter telescope (OVRO 40m). One of the main goals of this programme is to study the relation between the radio and gamma-ray emission in blazars and to use it as a tool to locate the site of high energy emission. Using this large sample of objects we are able to characterize the radio variability, and study the significance of correlations between the radio and gamma-ray bands. We find that the radio variability of many sources can be described using a simple power law power spectral density, and that when taking into account the red-noise characteristics of the light curves, cases with significant correlation are rare. We note that while significant correlations are found in few individual objects, radio variations are most often delayed with respect to the gamma-ray variations. This suggests that the gamma-ray emission originates upstream of the radio emission. Because strong flares in most known gamma-ray-loud blazars are infrequent, longer light curves are required to settle the issue of the strength of radio-gamma cross-correlations and establish confidently possible delays between the two. For this reason continuous multiwavelength monitoring over a longer time period is essential for statistical tests of jet emission models.
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Bousbia-Salah, Anis, Fabio Moretti, and Francesco D’auria. "State-of-the-art and needs for jet instability and direct contact condensation model improvements." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 22, no. 1 (2007): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0701058b.
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There is a common understanding among thermal-hydraulic experts that the system analysis codes have currently reached an acceptable degree of maturity. Reliable application, however, is still limited to the validated domain. There is a growing need for qualified codes in assessing the safety of the existing reactors and for developing advanced reactor systems. Under conditions involving multi-phase flow simulations, the use of classical methods, mainly based upon the one dimensional approach, is not appropriate at all. The use of new computational models, such as the direct numerical simulation, large-eddy simulation or other advanced computational fluid dynamics methods, seems to be more suitable for more complex events. For this purpose, the European Commission financed NURESIM Integrated Project (as a part of the FP6 programme), was adopted to provide the initial step towards a Common European Standard Software Platform for Modeling, recording and recovering computer data for nuclear reactor simulations. Some of the studies carried out at the University of Pisa within the framework of the NURESIM project are presented in this paper. They mainly concern the investigation of two critical phenomena connected with jet instabilities and direct contact condensation that occur during emergency core cooling. Through these examples, the state-of-the-art and the need for model improvements and validation against new experimental data for the sake of getting a better understanding and more accurate predictions are discussed.
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GOUDIE, R. IAN. "Multivariate behavioural response of harlequin ducks to aircraft disturbance in Labrador." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 1 (2006): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002724.
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The effects of low-level aircraft over-flights on behaviour of harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) breeding in central Labrador were quantified during 2000–2002. The Canadian Department of National Defence supports a low-level training programme in the 130 000 km2 Military Training Area of Labrador involving military jets. The Institute for Environmental Monitoring and Research (IEMR) undertakes scientific research into environmental impacts of low-level military jet over-flights. A suite of 17 behavioural categories of paired male and female harlequin ducks was modelled, and a canonical variable representing alert behaviour, inactivity on the water and decreased inactivity out of water in response to over-flights represented 73.1% of the variance in the data cluster and provided marked separation of disturbed and undisturbed groups. Behavioural responses of harlequin ducks to military jets were 23 times stronger than their responses to floatplanes, helicopters and military cargo planes, and the significant interaction of aircraft type and noise indicated that noise may be the primary stressor affecting behaviour. A quadratic response of the canonical variable to noise generated from aircraft during standardized 30-minute observation periods was defined. The multivariate analyses were more robust because they indicated covariance in behavioural categories associated with disturbance that was not originally detected in univariate analyses, suggesting the importance of integrating behaviours other than overt responses. The significant effects of military jet over-flights on harlequin duck behaviour emphasize the need to evaluate potential population consequences of aircraft disturbance.
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WELSH, G. H., S. M. WIGGINS, R. C. ISSAC, et al. "High resolution electron beam measurements on the ALPHA-X laser–plasma wakefield accelerator." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (2012): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000220.
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AbstractThe Advanced Laser–Plasma High-Energy Accelerators towards X-rays (ALPHA-X) programme at the University of Strathclyde is developing laser–plasma accelerators for the production of ultra-short high quality electron bunches. Focussing such LWFA bunches into an undulator, for example, requires particular attention to be paid to the emittance, electron bunch duration and energy spread. On the ALPHA-X wakefield accelerator beam line, a high intensity ultra-short pulse from a 30 TW Ti:Sapphire laser is focussed into a helium gas jet to produce femtosecond duration electron bunches in the range of 90–220 MeV. Measurements of the electron energy spectrum, obtained using a high resolution magnetic dipole spectrometer, show electron bunch r.m.s. energy spreads down to 0.5%. A pepper-pot mask is used to obtain transverse emittance measurements of a 128 ± 3 MeV mono-energetic electron beam. An average normalized emittance of ϵrms,x,y = 2.2 ± 0.7, 2.3 ± 0.6 π-mm-mrad is measured, which is comparable to that of a conventional radio-frequency accelerator. The best measured emittance of ϵrms,x, = 1.1 ± 0.1 π-mm-mrad corresponds to the resolution limit of the detection system. 3D particle-in-cell simulations of the ALPHA-X accelerator partially replicate the generation of low emittance, low energy spread bunches with charge less than 4 pC and gas flow simulations indicate both long density ramps and shock formation in the gas jet nozzle.
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Taconnet, S., Y. Simon, G. Scacchi, and F. Baronnet. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 7 (1999): 1177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-077.
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The different behaviour of hydrocarbons with respect to autoignition phenomena is, at present, not yet fully explained. We have therefore investigated the oxidation of two alkanes that have different octane numbers: neopentane (85.5) and isopentane (92.3), to obtain a better understanding of their reaction mechanisms, in particular, those reactions that are responsible for the onset of knock in spark ignition engines. The experimental study was performed at 873 K in a jet-stirred flow reaction vessel. The oxidation mechanisms were simplified by using the CHEMKIN programme of simulation of reaction mechanisms. These mechanisms were compared to those accounting for the oxidation of n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-heptane, and isooctane that we have previously studied. This comparison shows that the different behaviour of these hydrocarbons can be explained, at least in part, by the presence, in the reaction medium, of resonance-stabilized radicals.Key words: oxidation, neopentane, isopentane, autoignition, modelling.
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Simon, V., Y. Simon, G. Scacchi, and F. Baronnet. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des réactions d'oxydation du n-pentane et du cyclopentane." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 5 (1997): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-068.
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The reduction of automotive emissions and the reformulation of gasoline composition require a better understanding of the combustion mechanism, in particular aiming at the determination of the influential reactions which are responsible for the onset of knock in spark ignition engines. We have studied the oxidation mechanism of two hydrocarbons of different research octane number: n-pentane (62) and cyclopentane (100). This work follows a previous study on the oxidation of n-heptane and isooctane. The experimental study was performed at 873 K in a jet-stirred flow reaction vessel. The reaction mechanisms of n-pentane and cyclopentane were analysed on a purely kinetic basis, derived from our experimental results, and were finally modelled by using a programme of simulation of reaction mechanisms. The different behaviour of these two hydrocarbons with respect to autoignition phenomena is mainly dependent on the relative concentration of resonance-stabilized radicals in the reaction medium. Keywords: oxidation reaction, n-pentane, cyclopentane, modelling, autoignition.
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Henriksen, N. "Completion of field work for the 1:500 000 mapping and regional geological studies in central and western North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 130 (December 31, 1986): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v130.7935.
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Field activities comprising the second, and final season of the systematic field mapping programme in central and western North Greenland were carried out from June to August 1985. The field investigations were concluded for the 1:500000 map sheet of the area between J. P. Koch Fjord (c. 400 W), in the east, and north-easternmost Washington Land (65°W) in the west; the southern boundary of the map sheet is 81°N (fig. 1). General geological investigations forrned an integral part of the mapping programme. A special source rock project, financed by the Danish Ministry of Energy, was fully integrated with the mapping programme (Christiansen et al., this report). As in 1984 a tent base camp in south-eastern Warming Land served as an operation centre for the expedition. Two chartered Jet Ranger helicopters and a Twin Otter aircraft were based here, and served the expedition groups with transport facilities throughout the season. Mobilisation and demobilisation of the expedition from Denmark were carried out with help from the Royal Danish Air Force, who airlifted the expedition to and from the Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert in north-east Ellesmere Island, Canada. Personnel, equipment and fuel were flown into the base camp from Alert with the Twin Otter. The expedition group numbered 40, comprising 12 two-man geological parties, a fourman drilling team and 12 supporting personnel, including aircraft crew members. As in 1984, the operation area extended about 500 km from east to west, and 150-200 km from south to north. The 12 geological teams and the drilling team utilised about 130 camp sites. At the end of the 1985 season, the temporary huts and tents at base camp were dismantled and, together with all the equipment, were taken back to Denmark. Fuel depots and equipment in other parts of the working area, which is part of the North and East Greenland National Park, were also removed.
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Denning, R. M., and N. A. Mitchell. "Trends in Military Aircraft Propulsion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 203, no. 1 (1989): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_049_01.
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The major factors determining the choice of engine cycle for a combat aircraft are the requirements of the design mission and those of aircraft speed and agility. The requirement for jet-borne flight in short take-off vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft imposes further demands on cycle and configuration. The changing nature of combat aircraft requirements is the reason for changes in engine design. Specific thrust is shown to be the major parameter defining engine suitability for a particular role. An examination of mixed turbofan characteristics shows that specific thrust is also the key to understanding the relationships between engine characteristics. The future development of combat engines is discussed, in particular the implications of stoichiometric limits on cycle temperatures and the benefits of variable cycle engines are examined. Recent work on advanced STOVL (ASTOVL) aircraft is reviewed and aircraft/engine concepts designed to meet the requirements of the role are assessed. Experience shows that the technology for these advanced engines must be fully demonstrated before production to minimize the risks and costs of the development programme.
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Bochkarev, N. G., A. I. Shapovalova, and L. S. Nazarova. "Variation of Broad Optical Emission Lines in AGN's." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 159 (1994): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900176211.
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AGN optical spectra (4000–5000Å) have been obtained with the TV scanner of the 6-m telescope at Special Astrophysical Observatory (N. Arkhiz-North Caucasus) from 1986 to now. Most spectra were obtained with dispersion of 1 Å/channel and with 3–4Å spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio S/N=10–25 for individual spectra. NGC 4151, NGC 3516, NGC 5548 and NGC 7469 are the main sources of the programme and are also being used in international AGN watch programmes for diagnosis, estimation of the size and structure of the BLR.NGC4151:In 1987 the broad components of the Hβ and Hγ lines decreased strongly (on about 65% as compared with 1986) and fell to a level comparable to that of 1984. In 1988 they increased up approximately to the level of 1986. During the photometrically low state of NGC 4151 satellites of the strong Hβ, Hγ, Hδ and He II4686Å lines were suspected at radial velocities of +9400 km/s and −7500 km/s. The data are could be interprite a two-jet model with jet velocity of 8400–24000 km/s. (Bochkarev et al., 1989). Analysis of the spectra shows that the broad component of HeII λ 4686Å changed its asymmetry over 6 years. Bochkarev et al. (1992), Nazarova et al. (1993) discussed a possible explanation of profile HeII λ 4686Å behavior by involving a precession of cones of ionizing radiation.NGC5548:Cross-correction of the optical emission line light curves with the UV continuum light curve reveals that the lines respond to continuum variations with a time delay from 7 days for HeII 4686Å to 18 days for Hβ. Hγ responds more rapidly than the lower order Balmer lines and there is a general trend towards higher amplitude variations in higher-order lines. The time lags for the line variations are consistent with the general pattern of radial ionization stratification of the BLR. During 1988–89 Fe II in blend 4130Å varies with an amplitude of aproximately 20% about the mean, similar the amplitude of the Hβ variations and Balmer continuum.NGC3516:Variations of Hβ during 1986–88 were small (20%), the shape of the profile (including the assymetry) did not change, but Hγ - to Hβ ratios of the profile integrated intensities of broad component increased from 0.43 in 1986 to 0.8 in 1988. The 30% variations of continuum on characteristic time scale 10–15 days during the spring of 1988 were not accompanied by any noticeable changes in the line profile (Bochkarev et al., 1990).
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DiCaprio, R. A. "An interneurone mediating motor programme switching in the ventilatory system of the crab." Journal of Experimental Biology 154, no. 1 (1990): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.154.1.517.
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The central pattern generator controlling ventilation in the crab can generate two distinct motor programmes, which determine the direction of water flow during irrigation of the gills. An interneurone has been identified that depolarizes when the ventilatory motor output switches from forward to reverse ventilation and remains depolarized for the duration of the reverse motor programme. Depolarization of this neurone by intracellular current injection causes a switch in the motor programme from forward to reverse ventilation, which persists for the duration of the current step. Hyperpolarization of this cell during reverse ventilation terminates the reverse motor programme. The possible role of this reversal switch interneurone is considered in the context of the observed changes in the activity of other ventilatory interneurones and motor neurones during reverse ventilation.
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Moseley, William G., and Jane Battersby. "The Vulnerability and Resilience of African Food Systems, Food Security, and Nutrition in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic." African Studies Review 63, no. 3 (2020): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2020.72.
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Abstract:As the COVID-19 pandemic rages across the globe, ebbing and flowing from one region to the next, new infections and deaths continue to rise (Johns Hopkins 2020). Some of the first documented cases in Africa occurred in areas frequented by foreign tourists. Early on, the disease also circulated among Africa’s jet-setting political classes that had spent time in other regions of the world with higher infection rates. Since then, infections have taken off in the continent’s urban areas that are better connected globally via trade and travel. From there, it has spread to smaller cities, towns, and then to rural areas, a process known as hierarchical diffusion (Moseley 2020a). Unfortunately, there is another scourge that accompanies COVID-19, and that is a global hunger pandemic. In April 2020, the director of the World Food Programme warned that an additional 130 million people could be pushed to the brink of starvation by the end of 2020 because of the coronavirus. This comes on top of the 821 million people in the world who are already food insecure (Khorsandi 2020). Increasingly, scholars of food security, food systems, and poverty have come to realize that the hunger and malnutrition associated with COVID-19 may actually kill or debilitate more people than the disease itself, especially in regions of the world with weaker social safety nets (Fanzo 2020; HLPE 2020a, 2020b; UN 2020).
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Kayar, S. R., K. E. Conley, H. Claassen, and H. Hoppeler. "Capillarity and mitochondrial distribution in rat myocardium following exercise training." Journal of Experimental Biology 120, no. 1 (1986): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.120.1.189.
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Rats were subjected to a laddermill running programme either once per week for 6 weeks, or daily for 6 weeks. Heart mass and maximal oxygen consumption rate increased relative to controls and with the frequency of the running programme. Mitochondrial distribution, measured in seven regions within fibres, was similar in all hearts, with a peak volume density of 0.42 +/− 0.01 occurring 4–5 microns from the centre of a capillary. Capillary density decreased with increasing heart mass, but total capillary length and capillary-to-fibre ratio were constant. Thus the higher metabolic demands of the running programmes did not alter the volume density or distribution of mitochondria, despite significant increases in heart mass and decreases in capillarity.
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Ansoldi, S., L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, et al. "Gamma-ray flaring activity of NGC1275 in 2016–2017 measured by MAGIC." Astronomy & Astrophysics 617 (September 2018): A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832895.
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We report on the detection of flaring activity from the Fanaroff-Riley I radio galaxy NGC 1275 in very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma rays with the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. The observations were performed between 2016 September and 2017 February, as part of a monitoring programme. The brightest outburst, with ∼1.5 times the Crab Nebula flux above 100 GeV (C.U.), was observed during the night between 2016 December 31 and 2017 January 1. The flux is fifty times higher than the mean flux previously measured in two observational campaigns between 2009 October and 2010 February and between 2010 August and 2011 February. Significant variability of the day-by-day light curve was measured. The shortest flux-doubling timescale was found to be of (611 ± 101) min. The spectra calculated for this period are harder and show a significant curvature with respect to the ones obtained in the previous campaigns. The combined spectrum of the MAGIC data during the strongest flare state and simultaneous data from the Fermi-LAT around 2017 January 1 follows a power law with an exponential cutoff at the energy (492 ± 35) GeV. We further present simultaneous optical flux density measurements in the R-band obtained with the Kungliga Vetenskaps Akademien (KVA) telescope and investigate the correlation between the optical and gamma-ray emission. Due to possible internal pair-production, the fast flux variability constrains the Doppler factor to values that are inconsistent with a large viewing angle as observed in the radio band. We investigate different scenarios for the explanation of fast gamma-ray variability, namely emission from magnetospheric gaps, relativistic blobs propagating in the jet (mini-jets), or an external cloud (or star) entering the jet. We find that the only plausible model to account for the luminosities here observed would be the production of gamma rays in a magnetospheric gap around the central black hole, only in the eventuality of an enhancement of the magnetic field threading the hole from its equipartition value with the gas pressure in the accretion flow. The observed gamma-ray flare therefore challenges all the discussed models for fast variability of VHE gamma-ray emission in active galactic nuclei.
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Bondi, M., D. Dallacasa, C. Stanghellini, and R. Della Ceca. "Extended Emission in BL Lac Objects." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 175 (1996): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900079997.
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The study of the extended emission and polarization properties of BL Lacs is an important step for the identification of their parent population. FRI radio sources, the supposed parent population of BL Lacs, have weaker extended radio luminosity and a dominant inferred magnetic field perpendicular to the jet, while FRII radio sources, the supposed parent population of quasars, have stronger extended radio power and an inferred magnetic field parallel to the jet. The only complete sample of radio selected BL Lacs (1 Jy sample, Stickel et al. 1991, ApJ, 374, 431) contains 34 objects. Unfortunately, about half of 1 Jy BL Lacs do not have very high dynamic range images, necessary to detect the low emissivity radio emission surrounding the bright compact source, either because the object was never observed, or because the observation was carried out at the beginning of 1980s with low sensitivity. In 1994 we started a programme using the VLA (A, B, and D configuration, see Table 1) and the WSRT (W in Table 1) to complete the high sensitivity radio imaging of the 1 Jy sample. We aim to investigate morphology and polarization properties, as well as the luminosity of the extended emission. This contribution presents the L band observations. The results are very preliminary, some of the data reduction is still in progress as well as the statistical analysis. The sources in Table 1 have been roughly classified as extended (E), or point-like (P) if no extended feature was detected. Among the 15 sources observed at the highest resolution 13 were classified as extended. In many sources we detect significantly much more extended flux than previously reported from earlier observations. Almost all the BL Lac objects we observed at the highest resolution show some extended features; furthermore, in a few cases, we detected emission on the arcminute scale. The power of the extended luminosity covers 3 orders of magnitude, 3 objects (0537–441, 0820+225, and 2240–260) have values typical of a FRII radio source. These new data will be used for an updated statistical analysis of the properties of the extended emission in the 1 Jy sample of BL Lac objects.
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Nekongo-Nielsen, Haaveshe Ndeutalala, and Elizabeth Ndeukumwa Ngololo. "Principals’ experiences in the implementation of the English Language Proficiency Programme in Namibia." Journal of Educational Administration 58, no. 1 (2019): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-06-2018-0113.
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Purpose Namibian principals are usually placed in leadership positions without orientation and are found to lack skills to supervise teachers in delivering instruction using the English language. Studies conducted elsewhere in the world found that effective school leadership is needed for the success of professional development programmes. The purpose of this paper is to explore principals’ lived experiences with regard to their roles in the implementation of the English Language Proficiency Programme (ELPP). Design/methodology/approach This paper followed a qualitative inquiry with multiple case study designs to explore principals’ lived experiences during the implementation of the ELPP. Ten schools were selected for the analysis, two from each of the five regions. The schools were selected on the basis of remoteness, the total number of teachers who participated in the ELPP, school phases (i.e. primary and combined) and pre-test scores. Principals were interviewed using exploratory open-ended questions, and data analysis produced five categories under which the results were presented. Findings The findings indicate that principals applied their individual logic to accommodate and implement the programme. They applied their individual productive leadership habitus to contextualise ELPP activities to ease their workload and appear corporative. Principals had significant influence on teacher learning and ensured successful implementation of a ministerial programme. Moreover, their leadership skills influenced the ways in which teachers received instruction and created a conducive learning environment. Owing to principals’ administrative, instructional and transformational leadership, many teachers participated and transcended upward and some were declared proficient in English. Research limitations/implications This study research the effectiveness of leadership regarding English professional development programmes in achieving goals, explore power relations between school principals and education officials when developing and implementing professional development programmes and establish more efficient ways of providing a better leadership model for professional development programmes to achieve goals. Practical implications This paper was limited to a few principals at rural schools in selected regions, therefore findings could not be generalised. Social implications There is a need for creating opportunities for interactions among all stakeholders who are involved in the development and implementation of English proficiency programmes and to build power relations and work as a team to benefit schools. In order to enhance programme implementation and improve learning outcomes, there is also a need to provide feedback at intervals and find solutions to challenges as a team. Originality/value Placing principals in situations without orientation triggered the need for specific leadership logic and particularities to be applied in a context for the success of the programme, which resulted in participation of more teachers in the ELPP. They applied their particularities and productive habitus through administrative, instructional and transformational leadership to enhance learning. Principals appointed English language teachers to instruct and mentor others, and consequently enabled some principals and teachers to exit the programme. Principals achieved these short wins upon realising that one has to cooperate with the authority to ensure achieving desired outcomes.
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Davolio, S., D. Mastrangelo, M. M. Miglietta, O. Drofa, A. Buzzi, and P. Malguzzi. "High resolution simulations of a flash flood near Venice." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 5 (2009): 1671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1671-2009.
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Abstract. During the MAP D-PHASE (Mesoscale Alpine Programme, Demonstration of Probabilistic Hydrological and Atmospheric Simulation of flood Events in the Alpine region) Operational Period (DOP, 1 June–30 November 2007) the most intense precipitation event observed south of the Alps occurred over the Venice Lagoon. In the early morning of 26 September 2007, a mesoscale convective system formed in an area of convergence between a south-easterly low level jet flowing along the Adriatic Sea and a north-easterly barrier-type wind south of the Alps, and was responsible for precipitation exceeding 320 mm in less than 12 h, 240 mm of which in only 3 h. The forecast rainfall fields, provided by several convection resolving models operated daily for the D-PHASE project, have been compared. An analysis of different aspects of the event, such as the relevant mechanisms leading to the flood, the main characteristics of the MCS, and an estimation of the predictability of the episode, has been performed using a number of high resolution, convection resolving models (MOLOCH, WRF and MM5). Strong sensitivity to initial and boundary conditions and to model parameterization schemes has been found. Although low predictability is expected due to the convective nature of rainfall, the forecasts made more than 24 h in advance indicate that the larger scale environment driving the dynamics of this event played an important role in favouring the achievement of a relatively good accuracy in the precipitation forecasts.
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Weissmann, Martin D., G. J. Mayr, R. M. Banta, and A. Gohm. "Observations of the Temporal Evolution and Spatial Structure of the Gap Flow in the Wipp Valley on 2 and 3 October 1999." Monthly Weather Review 132, no. 11 (2004): 2684–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2817.1.
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Abstract The investigation of gap flow in the Wipp Valley (GAP project) is one of the objectives of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP). The valley runs south–north across the Brenner Pass, from Italy to Austria. The pass is the lowest one of the main Alpine ridge and is therefore a favorable location for a gap flow, which is called foehn. Based on the extensive dataset of MAP, this study gives a detailed analysis of foehn on 2 and 3 October 1999 [intensive observation period 5 (IOP 5)]. The foehn event began as a gap flow that was separated from midlevel winds by a strong temperature inversion during the night of 1–2 October 1999. On the next night (2– 3 October) the inversion dissipated, and the gap flow was combined with strong midlevel cross-ridge flow on 3 October 1999. This study shows that the existence of a temperature inversion above the gap flow has a crucial impact on the flow structure. Another emphasis of the study was the investigation of the small-scale flow structure downstream of the gap. Jumplike features and regions with flow reversals, which were interpreted as “rollers” (reversed rotors), could be observed in the Wipp Valley. A jet layer with a wavy structure indicated a gravity wave in the southern part of the valley. In the northern part the flow showed strong asymmetry with wind speeds nearly twice as strong on the eastern side as on the western one.
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Nisticň, Rosanna. "I contratti di programma: una questione di multitask?" ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 1 (April 2009): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-001007.
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- In the light of the results from a wide empirical investigation, this essay examines some crucial characteristics of the Italian policy measure called Contratti di programma through both the analytical framework of the incomplete contracts literature and the multi-task Principal-Agent theory. The Contratti di programma policy is based on a formal agreement between the Italian Government and private firms to carry on an investment programme comprising a number of different projects (industrial investments; workers training programs; research centres and projects). The essay also provides a number of suggestions for improving the effectiveness of this policy. Keywords: multitask, asymmetric information, incomplete contracts, industrial policy Parole chiave: multitask, informazione asimmetrica, contratti incompleti, contratti di programma, politica industriale Jel Classification: D82; D86; L14; L52
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Nieto Moreno de Diezmas, Esther. "Students, Teachers and Management Teams in Bilingual Programmes: Shared Perceptions and Areas for Improvement." Journal of English Studies 17 (December 18, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3564.
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This paper explores the shared beliefs and perceptions of students and teachers in CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) programmes. Unlike in most studies, this research considers the perspectives of all categories of teachers involved when implementing CLIL, including the members of the management teams, along with CLIL programme coordinators, CLIL teachers and English teachers. A total of 114 participants from two state secondary schools located in two provinces of Castilla-La Mancha took part in the study. The instruments used for data collection were Likert type questionnaires containing between 21 and 59 questions that were supplemented with open-ended questions and interviews. Results showed various sources of tension among stakeholders, shared lay theories about bilingualism such as idealization of the native language assistant, and revealed some shortcomings in the implementation of the bilingual programmes for issues such as coordination and shortage of resources.
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Gwinner, E. "Circadian and circannual programmes in avian migration." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.39.
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In migratory birds, endogenous daily (circadian) and annual (circannual) rhythms serve as biological clocks that provide the major basis for their temporal orientation. Circannual rhythms are responsible for the initiation of migration both in autumn and spring. This function of timing migrations is particularly important for birds that spend the winter close to the equator where the environment is too constant or irregular to provide accurate timing cues. In addition, circannual rhythms produce programmes that determine both the temporal and the spatial course of migration. In Sylvia warblers, the time programmes controlling autumn migration are organized in a species- or population-specific manner. It has been proposed that, in first-year migrants, the time programme for autumn migration plays a major role in determining migratory distance, thus providing the vector component in a mechanism of vector navigation. It is not yet clear, however, whether this programme does indeed determine migratory distance or whether it only provides the temporal framework within which other factors determine how far a bird flies. Evidence against the first alternative comes from findings indicating that migratory activity can be drastically modified by a constellation of rather specific, but highly relevant, factors and that the resulting changes in migratory activity are not compensated by subsequent increases or decreases of migratory activity. In normally day-active but nocturnally migrating birds, circannual signals cause alterations in the circadian system leading to the development of nocturnal activity. Although the nature of these signals is unknown, there is evidence that changes in the diurnal pattern of melatonin secretion by the pineal gland are associated with, and possibly causally involved in, the waxing and waning of nocturnal activity. These changes in the melatonin pattern presumably also affect general synchronization properties of the circadian system to Zeitgebers in such a way that circadian rhythms adjust faster to new conditions after long transmeridian flights.
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Cseh-Papp, Imola, Troy B. Wiwczaroski, and Tünde Csapóné Riskó. "Public Work - an International Outlook." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 12, no. 3-4 (2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2018/3-4/15.
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Labour market policy includes active and passive labour market programmes, aiming to solve different problems. Active labour market programmes assist the unemployed to find jobs and thus return to the labour market. Passive labour market programmes assist the unemployed by providing various kinds of aid, easing social tensions. Public work can be considered to be an active labour market programme, assisting people who receive social care with income based on public beneficial work. Consequently, public work is justified by some on the basis that it is purported to have some kind of moral foundation, as well as because it supposedly shows results within a short time. Yet, the rationale behind using public work programmes to fight unemployment is contested. Detractors see them as being rather costly, questioning their success and arguing that their overall results are uncertain, especially in the long run. In short, there are in fact pros and cons to using public work, with opinions being rather divisive. This study summarises these pros and cons, analysing the relevant international and Hungarian literatures in the context of active labour market programmes.
 JEL Classification: I38
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Suliman, Ashairi, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor, and Melor Md Yunus. "Sustaining the Implementation of Dual-Language Programme (DLP) in Malaysian Secondary Schools." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 7, no. 1 (2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.1(11).
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Objective - The implementation of Dual-Language Programmes (DLP) in the teaching and learning of Science and Mathematics is an initiative under the ‘Upholding the Malay Language and Strengthening the English Language’ (MBMMBI) policy. Though it has some similarities with the previous policy known as ‘English for the Teaching of Science and Mathematics’ (PPSMI), its execution is idiosyncratic in its own way. Since its inception in 2016, the programme has entered its third cycle involving students in primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. The curiosity to scrutinise the programme implementation has led to this study. The study aims to investigate the execution of this programme and to assess its sustainability. Methodology/Technique – Gleaning through the students’ language capabilities, attitudes, teachers’ support and acceptance of the programme, the study uses a questionnaire with open-ended questions and focus group discussions to unravel the aforementioned issues. 1,530 students from secondary schools across Malaysia were selected as the respondents of this study. Findings - The results reveal findings that may represent a measure on the direction of this programme. Looking from the student perspective, the challenges confronted in addition to those put forward may further serve as an indicator for the sustainability of the program. Novelty – This study infers how the programme can be further enhanced in terms of its implementation in its fourth year since inception. The findings of this study may assist policy makers in shaping the direction of the programme. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Dual-Language Programme (DLP); Sustainability; Science and Mathematics; Students; Policy and Programme Implementation. JEL Classification: A20, A23 A29.