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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Jury – Psychologie cognitive"
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Doyle, Colleen, Mary Luszcz und Peter Rendell. „Real and Perceived Effects of Ageing on Cognition“. Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 9, Nr. 2 (November 1992): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002664x.
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ABSTRACTA symposium on ageing research was held at the 7th Australian Developmental Conference in July 1992. The theme of the symposium was the effect of ageing on cognition. Empirical and theoretical papers presented evidence for cognitive decline in late adulthood. However, discussion of the modifiability of cognition tempered the pessimistic view of cognitive ability in old age. Interdisciplinary studies such as the Berlin Aging Study provide hope for the discovery of factors affecting successful ageing by examining the interaction between health, personality, social factors, and cognition.
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Peter-Hagene, Liana. „Jurors’ cognitive depletion and performance during jury deliberation as a function of jury diversity and defendant race.“ Law and Human Behavior 43, Nr. 3 (Juni 2019): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000332.
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Pearce, John M. „Nicholas John Seymour Mackintosh. 9 July 1935—8 February 2015“. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 64 (17.01.2018): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2017.0024.
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Nicholas Mackintosh was an experimental psychologist whose principal goal was to understand the basic mechanisms of learning and cognition, largely through research with animals. The two textbooks that he wrote on this topic synthesized a vast body of research and set it within a theoretical context of association formation that has remained dominant for over 40 years. He developed a formal theory of the relationship between attention and learning that had an immediate impact and can be expected to be the foremost theory of its kind for many years to come. He was also a prolific experimenter, whose ingenious experiments were remarkable for the theoretical insights they offered into the mechanisms of learning in a wide range of species. Towards the end of his career, he developed an interest in the measurement of human intelligence. The textbook that followed from this interest is one of the most authoritative ever written on the topic.
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Solé, B., A. Martínez-Arán, C. Torrent, C. M. Bonnin, M. Reinares, D. Popovic, J. Sánchez-Moreno und E. Vieta. „Are bipolar II patients cognitively impaired? A systematic review“. Psychological Medicine 41, Nr. 9 (28.01.2011): 1791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000018.
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BackgroundThere is evidence that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits and this occurs in individuals with BD type I (BD I) and with BD type II (BD II). Only a few studies have focused on cognitive impairment in BD II. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of cognitive impairment in patients with BD II, in order to identify specific cognitive deficits that distinguish BD II from BD I patients as well as from healthy subjects.MethodWe performed a systematic review of the literature of neuropsychological studies of BD II published between 1980 and July 2009. Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.ResultsMain cognitive deficits found in BD II include working memory and some measures of executive functions (inhibitory control) and approximately half of the studies also detected verbal memory impairment.ConclusionsThere are subtle differences between the two subtypes regarding cognition. This may suggest neurobiological differences between the two subgroups which will be helpful in order to determine cognitive endophenotypes in BD subtypes.
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Forsterlee, Lynne, Leeana Kent und Irwin A. Horowitz. „The cognitive effects of jury aids on decision-making in complex civil litigation“. Applied Cognitive Psychology 19, Nr. 7 (2005): 867–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.1124.
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Abraham, Ivo L., Marcia M. Neundorfer, W. Richard Cowling und Scott D. Sutorius. „Changes in Resident Mix in Nursing Homes: Cognitive and Sensory Data from a (Redesigned) Sampling Plan“. Psychological Reports 66, Nr. 2 (April 1990): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.66.2.547.
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In planning and implementing a study, we unintentionally and seren-dipitously obtained data about changes in resident mix over a 2.8-yr. period. We screened residents of a 184-bed nursing home for cognition and sensorium in October 1984 to assess sampling feasibility for a grant proposal in preparation. At that time, 65.2% of the residents met the sampling criteria. However, in July/August 1987, after award of funding, only 5.4% of residents of the same nursing home met the cognitive and sensory criteria. We were forced to recruit from an additional six nursing homes, in which only 9.3% of residents met the sampling criteria.
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Torres-Acosta, Noel, James H. O’Keefe, Evan L. O’Keefe, Richard Isaacson und Gary Small. „Therapeutic Potential of TNF-α Inhibition for Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention“. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, Nr. 2 (10.11.2020): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200711.
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Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent and over 99% of drugs developed for AD have failed in clinical trials. A growing body of literature suggests that potent inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have potential to improve cognitive performance. Objective: In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding the potential for TNF-α inhibition to prevent AD and improve cognitive function in people at risk for dementia. Methods: We conducted a literature review in PubMed, screening all articles published before July 7, 2019 related to TNF blocking agents and curcumin (another TNF-α inhibitor) in the context of AD pathology. The keywords in the search included: AD, dementia, memory, cognition, TNF-α, TNF inhibitors, etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and curcumin. Results: Three large epidemiology studies reported etanercept treated patients had 60 to 70% lower odds ratio (OR) of developing AD. Two small-randomized control trials (RCTs) demonstrated an improvement in cognitive performance for AD patients treated with etanercept. Studies using animal models of dementia also reported similar findings with TNF blocking agents (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, Theracurmin), which appeared to improve cognition. A small human RCT using Theracurmin, a well-absorbed form of curcumin that lowers TNF-α, showed enhanced cognitive performance and decreased brain levels of amyloid-β plaque and tau tangles. Conclusion: TNF-α targeted therapy is a biologically plausible approach to the preservation of cognition, and warrants larger prospective RCTs to further investigate potential benefits in populations at risk of developing AD.
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Samamé, Cecilia, Brenda Lucía Cattaneo, María Cristina Richaud, Sergio Strejilevich und Ivan Aprahamian. „The long-term course of cognition in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-control differences in test-score changes“. Psychological Medicine 52, Nr. 2 (12.11.2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291721004517.
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AbstractNeuropsychological impairment represents a key aspect of bipolar disorder (BD) that is evident even in early-course patients and is a strong predictor of functional outcomes among those affected. Previous meta-analyses of longitudinal studies suggest that BD-related cognitive deficits may not progress along the course of the disorder. However, short test-retest periods were used in most primary studies and comparisons with healthy controls were limited. The aim of this review was to synthesize the findings of research reports comparing long-term neurocognitive trajectories between BD patients and healthy individuals. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched from inception through July 2021. Publications were considered for inclusion if they reported cognitive test scores of BD patients and healthy controls at two different time points, with a minimum test-retest interval of 5 years. Fifteen studies compared the long-term course of cognition in BD patients with that of healthy controls. Ten of these were included in the quantitative analysis and involved 540 BD patients and 644 healthy individuals (mean follow-up period: 8.9 years). Patient-control effect sizes (standardized mean differences) were calculated for test-score changes in 24 neuropsychological variables and combined by means of meta-analytic procedures. No significant differences were found between patients and controls regarding long-term cognitive outcomes. These findings are consistent with previous shorter-term longitudinal meta-analyses and do not provide evidence for progressive cognitive deterioration in most bipolar individuals. Future studies should address the longitudinal course of cognition in different subgroups of BD patients and its prognostic and therapeutic value.
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Gibson, David R., und Matthew P. Fox. „Facts into faults: The grammar of guilt in jury deliberations“. Discourse Studies 23, Nr. 4 (02.05.2021): 474–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614456211001605.
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Jurors customarily do their work with very little by way of instruction from the court, other than about the law. This suggests that they enter the jury room with the relevant cognitive and interactional tools at the ready, drawn from everyday life. This paper focuses on a specific conversational device jurors use to do their work: conditional-contrastive inculpations (CCIs), whereby the defendant’s actions are compared unfavorably to what a normal, innocent person would have done, with the implication that the discrepancy indicates guilt. We examine the logic, variants, sequential precursors, and immediate consequences of this phenomenon in two real-life American criminal juries deliberating the same charges. This study offers a rare glimpse into the operation of real (rather than mock) juries, and specifically the way in which they appropriate a practice from ordinary conversation in order to perform the unordinary work demanded of them by the legal system.
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Shestowsky, Donna, und Leonard M. Horowitz. „How the need for cognition scale predicts behavior in mock jury deliberations.“ Law and Human Behavior 28, Nr. 3 (2004): 305–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:lahu.0000029141.46850.fb.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Jury – Psychologie cognitive"
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Navarre, Aglaé. „Étude de l'effet d'ancrage appliqué au domaine judiciaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCC020.
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Les prises de décisions en situation d’incertitude peuvent être influencées par différents biais cognitifs. Parmi ceux-ci, l’effet d’ancrage est sans doute l’un des plus célèbres. Dans cette thèse par articles, nous proposons plusieurs études visant à mieux comprendre les mécanismes en jeu dans l’effet d’ancrage, et à tester différents facteurs susceptibles d’être des modérateurs de ce phénomène. Ces études s’inscrivent pour la plupart dans le cadre de la prise de décision judiciaire, domaine dans lequel l’effet d’ancrage peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques. Dans le premier chapitre (articles 1 et 2), nous réalisons un état de l’art des recherches réalisées sur l’effet d’ancrage ces cinquante dernières années, et mettons en évidence certains liens pouvant exister entre cette heuristique et un autre phénomène qui semble partager des caractéristiques avec l’ancrage, mais plutôt étudié dans le champ du raisonnement : l’effet Einstellung. Dans le second chapitre (articles 3 et 4), nous testons deux facteurs pouvant réduire l’influence d’une ancre : l’influence d’un avertissement et la présence d’une deuxième ancre de pertinence différente. Les résultats de ces études montrent que ces facteurs permettent de limiter – voire supprimer – l’effet d’ancrage dans le contexte de décision judiciaire sur des jurés simulés. Enfin, le troisième chapitre (article 5) porte sur l’influence de l’effet d’ancrage sur la création de faux souvenirs. L’étude présentée dans cette partie met en évidence l’émergence de faux souvenirs suite à l’exposition à une ancre numérique et discute des mécanismes communs entre ces deux phénomènes. Pour terminer, nous discutons des apports de ces études et proposons différentes perspectives de recherches qui nous semblent intéressantes afin d’approfondir les premiers résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette thèse et investiguer d’autres problématiques en lien avec l’effet d’ancrageDecision-making under uncertainty can be influenced by several cognitive biases. Among these, the anchoring effect is probably one of the most famous. In this article-based thesis, we propose several studies aimed at better understanding the mechanisms involved in the anchoring effect, and at testing different factors that may be moderators of this phenomenon. Most of these studies are conducted in the context of judicial decision-making, a field in which the anchoring effect can have dramatic consequences. In the first chapter (articles 1 and 2), we review the state of the art of the researches carried out on the anchoring effect over the last fifty years, and highlight some of the links that may exist between this heuristic and another phenomenon that seems to share characteristics with anchoring, but which has been studied in the field of reasoning: the Einstellung effect. In the second chapter (articles 3 and 4), we test two factors that can reduce the influence of an anchor: the influence of a warning and the presence of a second anchor of different relevance. The results of these studies show that these factors can limit - or even eliminate - the anchoring effect in the context of judicial decisions on simulated jurors. Finally, the third chapter (article 5) deals with the influence of the anchoring effect on the creation of false memories. The study presented in this section highlights the emergence of false memories following exposure to a numerical anchor and discusses the common mechanisms between these two phenomena. Finally, we discuss the contributions of these studies and propose different research perspectives that seem interesting in order to deepen the first results obtained in the framework of this thesis and to investigate other reaserch questions related to the anchoring effect
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Nikoo, Shahrzad. „Abused Women Who Kill: Juror Perspectives on Self-Defense Theories“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/316.
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In self-defense cases of battered women who kill their abusive husbands, defendants have used Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) expert testimony to help justify their acts of self-defense. However, past research demonstrates that BWS is ineffective in persuading jurors because it pathologizes the defendant rather than rationalizing her behavior. Additionally, BWS highlights passive (i.e., stereotypical) features of a battered woman, and such testimony may not apply to a defendant with active (i.e., atypical) features of a battered women. The current study hypothesized that another type of expert testimony, Social-Agency Framework (SAF), will persuade jurors to render more lenient verdicts, and that the defendant’s passive or active response history will affect verdict decisions. Additionally, a meditational model predicted that the effect of mock jurors’ gender on verdict decisions will be mediated by their attitudes toward battered women. In a 3(expert testimony: BWS vs. SAF vs. control) x 2(response history: passive vs. active) x 2(gender: male vs. female) model, jury-eligible participants (expected N = 510) recruited from the website mTurk answered a survey measuring their attitudes toward battered women, read a mock trial transcript, and rendered a verdict. The results indicated non-significant findings for the effects of expert testimony and response history on verdict outcomes. A full mediation was found, indicating that gender acted as a proxy for jurors’ attitudes, influencing their verdict decisions. This study has strong legal implications that highlight the prevailing effect of attitudes and how those attitudes may override the effects of expert testimony and defendant response history.
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Yokum, David Vincent. „Debiasing the Courtroom: Using Behavioral Insights to Avoid and Mitigate Cognitive Biases“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555855.
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How can empirical science, and psychology in particular, be harnessed to avoid or eliminate unwanted biases? The body of work herein explores this question across twelve experiments. The first approach we consider is placing the onus on the individual to root out any already existing bias within him or herself. Chapter 3, for example, presents experiments that assess whether people (viz., jurors during voir dire) can accurately "self-diagnose" when they are irreparably biased by negative pretrial publicity. (The answer is a resounding no). A second approach is to try and avoid letting bias enter the courtroom in the first place. Chapter 4, for example, provides an experimental test of an institutional solution known as blind expertise, wherein certain biases of an expert witness are avoided by having an intermediary pick the expert, and then having the expert render an opinion before knowing which litigant made the request. In Chapter 7, we consider a third approach to handling bias, one that concedes it will exist in the courtroom. Namely, instruct jurors on the existence of bias, so that they can try to weigh it properly. To this end we test a recently enacted New Jersey instruction on eyewitness testimony. We find that jurors do not become more sensitive to low versus high evidence quality, but instead they discount the eyewitness testimony across the board. Across this inquiry, we deploy several novel tactics; in Chapter 5, for instance, we explore how continuous response measurement (CRM) can provide unique insights into the study of reasoning, and in particular how jurors parse trial evidence. We end in chapter 8 with a more general discussion of how behavioral science can be applied across law and policy.
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Carbone, Jonathan N. „It Must Have Been Him: Coherence Effects within the Legal System“. FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2204.
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The present series of studies examine how jurors and public defenders evaluate different pieces of evidence and integrate them into a coherent conclusion within the context of a criminal case. Previous research has shown that in situations where both sides of the case are compelling, decision-makers nevertheless come to highly confident and polarized decisions, called coherence shifts (Simon, 2004). The present research sought to expand on coherence effects, improve upon the methodology of previous studies, and explore potential moderators of coherence. In Study 1, mock jurors (n = 306) read about a criminal case and evaluated multiple pieces of evidence at various points throughout the case. Results indicated that participants exhibited pronounced coherence shifts (i.e., their evaluations of the various pieces of evidence (a) became more consistent as the case progressed, and (b) were evaluated in line with their initial leanings) using an improved methodology that randomized evidence order and evidence valence. Furthermore, participants’ interim leanings of guilt or innocence biased their subsequent evaluations of ambiguous evidence. The direction and magnitude of participants’ coherence shifts were predicted by their pretrial dispositions towards prosecution and defense. Participants lacked awareness of how their perceptions of the evidence have shifted. Coherence shifts were not, however, moderated by asking mock jurors to justify their decisions, or by asking mock jurors to play devil’s advocate while considering each piece of evidence, underscoring the pervasiveness of this cognitive bias. Study 2 examined whether actual public defenders experience coherence shifts and how those shifts relate to the plea bargaining process; however, no coherence shifts were observed. Study 3 examined whether the timing of the defense’s presentation of their case could reduce coherence effects; results indicated that reading about the defense’s case immediately after the prosecution’s case (c.f. following a delay) marginally (p = .09) reduced coherence effects among jurors who acquitted the defendant, suggesting one potential strategy to mitigate this bias.
Bücher zum Thema "Jury – Psychologie cognitive"
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G, Bardy Benoît, Bootsma Reinoud J und Guiard Yves, Hrsg. Studies in perception and action III: Eighth International Conference on Event Perception and Action, July 9-14, 1995, Marseille, France. Mahway, N.J: L. Erlbaum, 1995.
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Milgram, Norman A., editor of compilation, O'Roark, Ann M., editor of compilation und Roth, Roswith, editor of compilation, Hrsg. Scientific psychology: New developments internationally : proceedings of the 67th Annual Convention, International Council of Psychologists : July 3-8, 2009, Mexico City, Mexico. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 2011.
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International Conference on Perception and Action (14th 2007 Yokohama-shi, Japan). Fourteenth International Conference on Perception and Action: July 1-6, 2007, Yokohama, Japan. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2008.
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Julien, Mayor, Ruh Nicolas und Plunkett Kim, Hrsg. Connectionist models of behaviour and cognition II: Proceedings of the Eleventh Neural Computation and Psychology Workshop, University of Oxford, UK, 16-18 July 2008. New Jersey: World Scientific, 2009.
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Harris, Don. Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 9th International Conference, EPCE 2011, Held as Part of HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
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1961-, Harris Don, Hrsg. Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics: 7th international conference, EPCE 2007, held as part of HCI International 2007, Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2007.
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Proceedings of the 2001 Fourth International Conference on Cognitive Modeling Held on July 26-28, 2001, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.
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Mueller, Pam, und Janice Nadler. Social Psychology and the Law. Herausgegeben von Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.008.
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Research in psychological science, specifically social psychology, has challenged many of the law's assumptions about human behaviour. Traditionally, these challenges have focused on a fairly narrow range of legal processes involving courtroom evidence and decision making. Thus, social psychologists have examined problems and processes such as pre-trial publicity, interrogations and confessions, juror and jury decision making, and the like. In the related field of cognitive psychology, important contributions from research in memory regarding eyewitness testimony and eyewitness identification have led to greater scrutiny and occasionally expert testimony at trials. This article discusses findings from some of the traditional intersections of law and social psychology, many of which focus on courtroom processes and procedures. It also explores the ways in which more recent findings in social psychology inform debates about legal issues such as punishment, discrimination, morality, mens rea, and remorse, as well of out-of-court processes such as negotiation and dispute resolution.
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Epstein, Joshua M. Future Research and Conclusions. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158884.003.0005.
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This part offers some ideas for future research and applications of Agent_Zero. It first considers Agent_Zero's numerical cartography before discussing its affective, cognitive, and social components. It then examines the feasibility of increasing the modeling resolution, scaling up the space and the agent population, and the model's contribution to empiricism. It also reviews some of the testable hypotheses advanced by Agent_Zero and various model interpretations relating to civil violence, economics, health behavior, psychology, jury dynamics, the formation and dynamics of networks, mutual escalation dynamics, and birth and intergenerational transmission. This part ends by presenting the book's overall conclusions and emphasizing the importance of Agent_Zero in establishing neurocognitive foundations for generative social science.
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Harris, Don. Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. Understanding Human Cognition: 10th International Conference, EPCE 2013, Held As Part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part I. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2013.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Jury – Psychologie cognitive"
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Cláudio, Ana Paula, Maria Beatriz Carmo, Augusta Gaspar und Renato Teixeira. „Expressive Avatars in Psychological Intervention and Therapy“. In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 27–48. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7371-5.ch002.
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A wide range of applications for virtual humans can be envisaged for the needs of both research and intervention in Psychology. This chapter describes the development and preliminary testing of an interactive virtual reality application “Virtual Spectators” – whereby virtual humans with expressive behaviour modelled on the basis of field research in human facial expression in real emotion contexts can be configured to interact with people in an interview or jury. We discuss the possibilities of this application in cognitive behavioural therapy using virtual reality and in nonverbal behaviour.
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Bull Kovera, Margaret, und Melanie B. Fessinger. „Prosecutorial Misconduct“. In The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Law, 692—C40P97. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197649138.013.40.
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Abstract Prosecutors have a complicated role in which they are tasked with convicting the guilty while also protecting the innocent. However, prosecutors sometimes abrogate their duties, which can result in miscarriages of justice. Prosecutorial misconduct includes activities like failure to disclose evidence favorable to the defense, improper argument (e.g., mentioning information not in evidence and denigrating the integrity of the defense attorney), and racial bias in jury selection. A variety of factors may contribute to the likelihood that prosecutors engage in misconduct, including a culture of competition, pressure to secure convictions, tunnel vision (a cognitive bias in which one gives more weight to evidence that supports the desired suspect), unguided prosecutorial discretion in deciding what evidence to disclose to the defense, and a lack of accountability. There is very limited empirical research that explores the antecedents of or remedies for prosecutorial misconduct, providing fertile ground for researchers to make substantial contributions toward understanding this particular cause of wrongful convictions.
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Dzhedzhula, Olena. „MODERN APPROACHES TO DESIGNING CONTENT EDUCATION IN CRISIS SITUATIONS“. In Modern educational technologies in the training of specialists in the agricultural sector during the crisis. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-298-2-3.
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Today, the existence of independent Ukraine as a civilized country with a European vector of development is under threat. For higher education, the problem of training qualified specialists capable of rebuilding the agricultural sector of our country is extremely acute. After all, military aggression led to the loss of human potential, including the displacement of participants in the educational process within Ukraine and abroad (more than 2,000 educational institutions were damaged by bombings and shelling, more than 200 of them were completely destroyed); among pupils/students and teachers/teachers there are killed and wounded (since the beginning of the war, as of mid-August 2022, 361 children died and 711 were wounded; more than 8 million people crossed Ukraine). A significant number of higher education institutions were completely or partially destroyed (as of July 22, 2022, 7 institutions of higher education and 9 institutions of professional pre-higher education were completely destroyed, 46 institutions of higher and postgraduate pedagogical education, 69 institutions of professional pre-higher education were damaged. The greatest destruction and damage was experienced by institutions of higher education and professional pre-higher education of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzhia regions. Part of the students lost full access to educational resources, although in the majority of institutions the educational process during the period of martial law was organized in the form of distance learning.Higher agricultural education also suffered significant losses. In order to organize safe education, universities were relocated from the occupied territories, including agricultural higher education institutions: Dmytro Motornyi Tavri State University of Agrotechnology, Luhansk National Agrarian University (joined to Volodymyr Dal East Ukrainian National University by a separate order of the Ministry); Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, etc. Therefore, we consider it urgent to search for innovative ways of high-quality professional training of future specialists during the war and after its end in Ukraine. The subject of the research is designing the content of education in crisis situations.Overcoming the crisis in higher education caused by the war requires decisive action. Therefore, when developing educational resources, university teachers should focus on the Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine for 2022–2032 and the Operational Plan for its Implementation in 2022–2024. This strategic document defines the priorities of the higher education system at the current stage of development of society and the country's economy, as well as the main characteristics that will be formed by 2032. The goals and objectives of the Strategy are a detailed road map for rebuilding and continuing the reform of the higher education system in the post-war period. Completing the tasks defined by the Strategy will reduce the destructive consequences caused by the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of independent Ukraine.Modern realities require changes in the organization of the educational process in higher education. The purpose of the article is to study the conceptual foundations of designing the content of higher education, taking into account the peculiarities of the educational process in crisis conditions.The research methodology is based on basic research in the philosophy, pedagogy and psychology of professional education; the general psycho-pedagogical theory of learning and cognition, in particular about the relationship between theory and practice; on the conceptual positions of pedagogy and psychology regarding the role of computer-oriented methods, means and forms of education in the professional training of future specialists in higher education, on person-oriented, systemic, integrative and professional approaches to teaching and education of students of higher education institutions. To solve the research tasks, the study used a complex: theoretical – analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological, methodical literature and information resources of the Internet, which highlight the problems of forming the content of education in the process of professional training of future specialists; analysis of domestic and foreign experience and conceptual approaches to the study of this problem; analysis of the peculiarities of the educational process in crisis conditions.Conclusions. The war has intensified and expanded the challenges already facing education due to the COVID-19 epidemic. For the Ukrainian educational system, this test became a kind of incentive that opened a window of new opportunities, becoming a catalyst for long-overdue modernization changes in education. First of all, it is about the development of digital and distance education, in particular online. In accordance with these forms of education, the content of education should be adapted. When designing the content of higher education, it is necessary to take into account the integrative nature of modern educational disciplines, their purposeful orientation towards holistic and systematic preparation for professional activity. One of the important conditions for designing the content of education is to take into account the needs of the labor market in our country in the near future and focus on Ukraine's entry into the European educational space.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Jury – Psychologie cognitive"
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De La Garza, Cecilia, und Nora Oufi. „Health Crisis Management and Resilience Factors: A Comparative Study in Two Sectors“. In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001567.
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The objective of this study is to analyze the modalities of health crisis management in two different sectors during the Covid-19 crisis: the hospital and the nuclear industry. The aim is to:- Characterize the health crisis: similarities and differences compared to other known crises - nuclear, natural crisis (storm, earthquake, flood). - Identify elements of similarity between sectors in the modalities of crisis management and particularities related to the specificities of the socio-technical systems.- Identify the resilience factors and difficulties- Make proposals to enhance the robustness of crisis organizations.Study BackgroundBoth the hospital and the nuclear industry (EDF) have had to organize and adapt to continue their activities from the beginning of the crisis in March 2020.On the hospital side, an emergency plan (White Plan) provides a reconfiguration of the hospital in case of health crisis. On the nuclear side, a Business Continuity Plan exists as well as a pandemic emergency plan (support and mobilization plan).It was at La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, a reference hospital for infectious diseases, that the first death of Covid19 was recorded. The crisis unit was activated at that time. The hospital then opened its doors to us for human and organizational factors study of crisis management in April 2020. Concerning the nuclear sector, the health crisis management analysis could only be carried out from October 2020 at the national level and the nuclear power plants.Methodological approachWe applied a systemic approach combining ergonomics, cognitive psychology, and sociology to study socio-technical systems safety.The study focused on crisis management via an analysis of organizational resilience to identify the factors of success and difficulty. Given the temporality of this crisis, the study was carried out in three stages at the hospital.1. April and May 2020: i) a series of remote interviews with various hospital staff were conducted; ii) a passive listening follow-up of about 30 phone meetings of the crisis unit; iii) a documentary analysis of the planned crisis organization.2. November and December 2021: i) a second series of interviews in the hospital emergency unit.3. June and July 2021 in the intensive care unit: i) a third round of interviews; ii) field observations in the hospital; iii) a literature review.In the nuclear field we conducted two retrospective studies at different times, focused on the most critical phase of the crisis (from March to May 2020):1. October - November 2021: an analysis of the health crisis’ management at the national level via a series of interviews completed by an analysis of the crisis reference systems.2. August - September 2021: an analysis of the health crisis management in a Nuclear power plant via interviews and an analysis of site-specific documents. ResultsWe observed similarities in the way the crisis was managed, in terms of management, which proved to be factors of success both at the hospital and at EDF, for example,- A crisis management that integrates the business lines and is top-down, but that listens and takes into account proposals from the field.- Experience of crises and emergency situations, which facilitates crisis management and adaptation.- The habit of protocols facilitating the integration of new constraints.- Very strong collective mobilization of personnelHowever, there are linked difficulties in both sectors, for example, to the virus fear, the anxiety of contaminating one's family and friends, especially at the beginning, and then weariness and fatigue linked to the duration of the crisis.Particularities concerning the work activity in the hospital will be discussed especially in relation to the reconfiguration of the services and to the necessary adaptations and improvisations of patients care protocols and procedures, among others.These studies are source of learning, about crisis management and particularly long-term crises that have a lasting impact on socio-technical systems. Proposals in terms of crisis organization and preparedness for this type of crisis will be presented.