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1

Atkinson, BS, Tiffany. "Adaptive kayaking for persons with physical disabilities." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2010.0009.

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Kayaking is a fun outdoor recreational activity well known by many. Often times, people assume that kayaking is too dangerous and risky for individuals with disabilities to participate. Kayaking can be adapted either through adaptation of the actual kayak, paddle, and/or assistive devices to allow various individuals to partake. With shared enjoyment of kayaking, apparent differences between participants become insignificant. Adaptive kayaking is rarely considered as a useful therapeutic intervention to be used by recreational therapist, but upon involvement can produce benefits such as increased selfesteem, increased upper body strength, learned adjustment to new situations, increased independence, and many more. This article will address the benefits, barriers, and future research of adaptive kayaking.
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Kuznetsova, PolinaI, AntonA Raskurazhev, and MarineM Tanashyan. "Kayaking Palsy." Neurology India 69, no. 6 (2021): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.333512.

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3

Lewandowicz, Elżbieta. "Indicators of Geographic Potential and Business Opportunities for the Development of Active Tourism: Kayaking in Poland." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710872.

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Poland’s natural and geographical features, including an abundance of rivers and lakes, create favorable conditions for the development of kayaking tourism. Poland is one of the leading European countries in terms of the number of kayaking trails. The aim of this study was to propose indicators for assessing the potential of Poland’s water resources for the development of kayaking activities. This research was pursued in several stages. The number of rivers where kayaking tours are organized was determined in the first stage of the study. Indicators describing the potential of the existing water bodies for the promotion of kayaking tourism were proposed in the second stage. The study produced surprising results. The number of kayaking tour operators has increased considerably in recent years, and new water tourism centers have been established in the vicinity of large urban areas. The popularity of well-established kayaking destinations in Warmia-Masuria, Podlasie and Western Pomerania, i.e., Polish regions with considerable potential for the development of water tourism, has declined. The study revealed that the success of kayaking businesses is presently determined by other factors, and further research is needed to identify these determinants.
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Baschek, Burkard, and David Farmer. "Kayaking with Bernoulli." Oceanography 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.51.

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5

Pendergast, D. R., D. Bushnell, D. W. Wilson, and P. Cerretelli. "Energetics of kayaking." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 59, no. 5 (December 1989): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02389808.

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Fiore, D. C. "Injuries in whitewater kayaking." British Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.4.235.

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7

MOORE, T. P., J. R. Freeman, and R. E. Hunter. "BILATERAL SHOULDER INJURIES - KAYAKING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (May 1995): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00316.

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8

Blakely, Megan J., Samantha L. Smith, Paul N. Russell, and William S. Helton. "The impact of cognitive load on kayaking and kayaking on cognitive performance." Applied Ergonomics 102 (July 2022): 103747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103747.

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9

Chebykin, Oleksiy, and Anatolii Massanov. "EMOTIONAL AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR CONSIDERATION WITHIN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED ATHLETES-ROWERS." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2022.9.1.2.

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The article is dedicated to studying the manifestation of personal and emotional characteristics of kayaking and canoeing athletes of different qualifications. A comprehensive approach was used to assess the manifestation of personal and emotional characteristics as prerequisites for success in competitive activities. The aim of the study was to identify the leading personal and emotional characteristics that can determine the effectiveness of their activities in sports competitions. Based on the conducted research, certain differences in personal and emotional characteristics have been found between highly qualified kayaking and canoeing athletes and those in mass sports categories. The former surpass the latter in emotional stability, normativeness, courage, independence, and self-discipline. Highly qualified kayaking and canoeing athletes can be conventionally differentiated into three types depending on the characteristics of the dominance of certain manifestations of emotions: optimistic, anxious, and a type where sports anger dominates. Recommendations for psychological support for kayaking and canoeing athletes were proposed for each type, both in training activities and during direct preparation for sports competitions.
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Amirshaghaghi, Farahnaz, Amine Ghram, Sirine Abidi, Hesam Addin Akbari, Hamdi Chtourou, Carl Lavie, and David Jimenez-Pavon. "Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Physiological Performance in Elite Kayaking Girls." International Journal of Sport Studies for Health 4, no. 2 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.intjssh.4.2.7.

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Background: The elevation training mask 2.0 (ETM) has been introduced as a novel tool to allow for respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise that can improve performance and hematological markers in elite and well-trained athletes. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of wearing ETM while performing exercise training on erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance in elite Kayaking girls. Methods: Thirty elite Kayaking girls (14 to 18-year-old) were equally and randomly assigned into mask, no mask, and control groups. The mask and no-mask groups completed 8 weeks of repeated sprint training, while the control group performed their routine kayaking training programs. Pre- and post-training tests included EPO, VEGF, VO2max, lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance. Results: We showed that 1000-m time trial significantly decreased for mask (P < 0.001) and control (P = 0.035) groups, and was significantly lower in mask group than control (P = 0.014) and no mask (P = 0.009) groups. EPO did not show any significant changes for all groups. VEGF was increased significantly for mask (P = 0.04) and no mask (P = 0.014) groups. Lactate was decreased significantly for mask group (P = 0.025). VO2max increased significantly for no mask group (P = 0.021). Conclusions: Performing repeated sprint training while wearing ETM has the potential to enhance performance in Kayak racing.
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Ariyanto, Irvan, Rahmat Iqbal, and Evi Susanti. "The Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Kayaking Results Extracurriculars at SMPN 1 Ciampel." COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga 16, no. 3 (October 25, 2024): 663. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v16i3.65256.

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In research, This researcher has the goal you want to achieve which is To prove the relationship of trust in self with results rowing like an extracurricular at SMPN 1 Ciampel. Study This uses a descriptive quantitative technique with a correlation that is used to test measurement kayaking and measurement levels, such as self-athlete kayaking. On research This population used is participant extracurricular rowing at SMPN 1 Ciampel, totalling 120 students. Population in study This amounts to more than 100, then by the opinion of the sample in study This is 20%-25% or more from a population that is as many as 40 students / I extracurricular rowing at SMPN 1 Ciampel. Instruments used Kayaking Results Instrument and Self-Confidence Instrument. From the results of research that has been done, then can conclude that there is a connection very strong positive between Trust in self with the results of rowing like a student at SMP Negeri 1 Ciampel with a mark coefficient correlation of 0.952, with thereby said that the more high level of trust self For Participate in extracurricular training Paddle then the Kayaking Results will also be the more Good.
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Scherer, PT, PhD, NCS, Matthew R., Daniel M. Gade, PhD, and Kathleen E. Yancosek, PhD, OTR/L, CHT. "Efficacy of an adaptive kayaking intervention for improving health-related quality of life among wounded, ill, and injured service members." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2013.0048.

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Adaptive sports are popular within military and civilian rehabilitation communities as a means to promote fitness, independence, self-efficacy, and return to participation in life roles. Although widely prescribed, there is little evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of such interventions. This study surveyed 40 wounded, ill, and injured active duty and veteran service members (SMs) who participated in a week-long adaptive kayaking program. Validated health-related quality of life instruments assessing physical and behavioral health domains following trauma were administered before and after participation in a week-long adaptive kayaking trip. Postintervention analysis of these measures revealed clinically significant improvements in depression (+7 percent), anxiety (+5 percent), posttraumatic stress disorder (+4 percent), and social interaction (+7 percent) subscales on the Trauma Outcome Profile (TOP) which trended toward, but did not achieve, statistical significance. Analysis of Veterans RAND (VR-12) data revealed a mean four-point improvement in participant mental health component summary (MCS) scores (p _ 0.05) following intervention indicating clinically and statistically significant improvement in behavioral health symptoms. No improvement was observed on the mean postintervention physical health component summary (PCS) score suggesting minimal short-term effects of kayaking on self-assessment of physical well-being. In aggregate, findings from this study suggest that adaptive kayaking may be an effective intervention to remediate behavioral health sequelae commonly experienced by SM following trauma. Future research should explore the effectiveness of adaptive kayaking relative to standard of care clinical rehabilitation strategies to optimize physical as well as mental health outcomes.
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Murdoch, Jarod, and Leon K. Kelly. "Whitewater Rafting and Kayaking Deaths in Colorado: Increasing Preventative Measures by Understanding Risk Factors." Academic Forensic Pathology 8, no. 1 (March 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2018.003.

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Introduction Whitewater rafting and kayaking are popular, adventurous excursions that are provided along various rivers throughout the United States. We expect that certain individuals' comorbid medical conditions may increase the risk of mortality by preventing them from being physically able to avoid inadvertently entering the water and subsequently rescue themselves. Methods Retrospective data were collected from 11 El Paso County, Colorado coroner cases from 2014–2017 in which the individual was whitewater rafting or kayaking and drowning was determined to be the primary cause of death. Results Health characteristics and autopsy findings of several of these individuals revealed that a significant number of these individuals were overweight or obese (90.9%), with 70% of these individuals also demonstrating cardiomegaly on examination. Of the cases studied, 81.8% of individuals had little to no experience with whitewater rafting or kayaking and 45% were under the influence of marijuana or alcohol based on toxicology studies. Discussion While a major selling point for whitewater excursions are the perceived risks they offer, our review suggests that certain individuals demonstrate increased health risks, have little to no experience with whitewater rafting or kayaking, or practice unsafe behaviors that may increase chance of injury and death. Efforts have been made to reduce risks associated with whitewater rafting and kayaking; however, further risk can be mitigated by excluding those who may be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, implementing more stringent health requirements, and setting an upper limit of difficulty of rapids based on an individual's previous experience.
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Treneva, Vessela. "THE WELLNESS BENEFITS OF PRACTICING CANOE-KAYAKING." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 104 (May 21, 2025): 77–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15480633.

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This study explores the wellness benefits associated with regular canoe-kayaking practice. Physical, psychological, and social dimensions of wellness were assessed in recreational canoe-kayakers compared to a control group. Results indicated significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, mood states, and perceived stress levels among canoe-kayakers. The findings suggest that canoe-kayaking offers a comprehensive, low-impact modality for promoting holistic wellness.
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Prétot, Charlie, Rémi Carmigniani, Loup Hasbroucq, Romain Labbé, Jean-Philippe Boucher, and Christophe Clanet. "On the Physics of Kayaking." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 8925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12188925.

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The propulsion force of a kayaker can be measured thanks to sensors placed on the paddle. This article aims at linking this force to the evolution of the velocity of the boat. A general model is proposed to describe the motion of a K1 kayak. To validate the model and evaluate the relevant physics parameters, three on-water kayaking trials are proposed: a pure deceleration, a standing start, and 10 × 50 m with two athletes at the national level. These trials were performed with a force sensor on the paddle and video recording. We used the deceleration to evaluate the drag of the boat. Then the standing start showed that there was an active drag coefficient while kayaking. Finally, the 10 × 50 m exhibited a power law of one-third between the velocity and the stroke rate. The acceleration during the standing start together with the relationship between the velocity and stroke rate were well captured theoretically. This approach enabled us to evaluate the important parameters to describe a kayak race: the drag of the boat, an active drag coefficient, the mean propulsive force, and a propulsive length. It can be used to characterize athletes and monitor their performances.
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van Someren, Ken A., and Glyn Howatson. "Prediction of Flatwater Kayaking Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 3, no. 2 (June 2008): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.2.207.

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Purpose:To determine the relative importance of anthropometric and physiological attributes for performance in the 1000-m, 500-m, and 200-m flatwater kayaking events.Methods:Eighteen competitive male kayakers completed performance trials over the 3 distances and a battery of anthropometric and physiological tests.Results:Performance times (mean ± SD) for 1000 m, 500 m, and 200 m were 262.56 ± 36.44 s, 122.10 ± 5.74 s, and 41.59 ± 2.12 s, respectively. Performance in all 3 events was correlated with a number of physiological parameters; in addition, 500-m and 200-m performance was correlated with upper body dimensions. 1000-m time was predicted by power output at lactate turnpoint expressed as a percentage of maximal aerobic power, work done in a 30-s ergometry test and work done in a 2-min ergometry test (adjusted R2 = 0.71, SEE = 5.72 s); 500-m time was predicted by work done and the fatigue index in a 30-s ergometry test, work done in a 2-min ergometry test, peak isometric and isokinetic function (adjusted R2 = 0.79, SEE = 2.49 s); 200-m time was predicted by chest circumference, humeral breadth, peak power, work done, and the fatigue index in a 30-s ergometry test (adjusted R2 = 0.71, SEE = 0.71 s).Conclusions:A number of physiological variables are correlated with performance in all events. 1000-m, 500-m, and 200-m times were predicted with a standard error of only 2.2%, 2.0%, and 1.7%, respectively.
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Jeffrey McCarthy. "Kayaking Alone (review)." Western American Literature 45, no. 2 (2010): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.0.0116.

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Miyazaki, Shigeaki, Go Yamako, Ryo Kimura, Niroshan G. Punchihewa, Tsubasa Kawaguchi, Hideki Arakawa, and Etsuo Chosa. "Development of a video camera-type kayak motion capture system to measure water kayaking." PeerJ 11 (July 21, 2023): e15227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15227.

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Background In kayaking, trunk motion is one of the important factors that prevent injury and improve performance. Kinematic studies in kayaking have been reported in laboratory settings using paddling simulators and ergometers. However, such studies do not reflect kayaking on water, the actual competitive environment. Therefore, we developed a video camera-type kayak motion capture system (KMCS) wherein action cameras were fixed to a kayak to capture images of markers attached to an athlete’s body. This study aimed to compare the kinematic data between KMCS and an optical motion capture system (OMCS) in kayaking and to determine the accuracy of the KMCS analysis. Methods In a competition, five elite junior female kayak athletes performed kayak paddling under the unloaded condition using a kayak. The kayak was secured using a tri-folding bench and a towel, and twenty strokes were recorded during maximal paddling. One stroke was defined as the period from right catch to left catch, and the first six strokes were used to evaluate the accuracy. Trunk angles (tilting, turning, and rotation) were examined with the simultaneous use of KMCS and OMCS, and the differences between these systems were evaluated. To ensure reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; a two-way mixed model for absolute agreement) was calculated for each angle. Furthermore, Bland–Altman analysis was performed to understand the agreement between the two systems. Results Root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 1.42° and 3.94° for turning and rotation, respectively, and mean absolute errors (MAEs) were 1.08° and 3.00° for turning and rotation, respectively. The RMSE and MAE for tilting were 2.43° and 1.76°, respectively, which indicated that the validity was comparable to that of other angles. However, the range of motion in tilting was lower than that in turning and rotation. Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement in the total range of motion, with mean bias values of −0.84°, −0.07°, and −0.41° for tilting, turning, and rotation, respectively. The ICCs for tilting, turning, and rotation were 0.966, 0.985, and 0.973, respectively, and showed excellent reliability. Conclusions The newly developed KMCS effectively measured the trunk motion with good accuracy in kayaking. In future studies, we intend to use KMCS to measure kayaking on water and collect data for performance improvement and injury prevention.
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Schmidt, Sabina Krogh, Matt Barker, and Jennifer Byrne. "“… the thought that I could flip and die today made me feel anxious”: A study of the experienced emotions of novice white-water kayakers." Journal for Research in Arts and Sports Education 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/jased.v6.3032.

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Learning to white-water kayak often takes place in a stressful environment. This challenges participants’ experiences of the activity, causes emotional responses, and can affect their learning. The purpose of this study is to explore participants’ experienced emotions during an educational white-water kayaking programme. Fifty-eight outdoor students from New Zealand participated. The participants responded to a bespoke questionnaire exploring fleeting somatic arousal and emotion on five different occasions during a kayaking day. Participants’ emotions changed during the activity. Excitement was significantly higher than anxiety across the day. Anxiety was highest before starting the activity. No significant difference was found between the male and female participants’ emotions. A thematic analysis resulted in five themes describing the participants’ emotional experiences. Findings are discussed and related to theory and previous research. These findings present new insights regarding in-the-moment emotional perspectives during a white-water kayaking course for novices.
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Hartman, MS, CTRS, Kristen, and Heather Porter, PhD, CTRS. "White water kayaking, positive affect, and perceived self-awareness: A case study of a veteran of the Vietnam era." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2014.0084.

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Veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and the Vietnam era have sustained multiple injuries and disabilities as a result of their service, including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and depression. The use of outdoor recreation as a therapeutic modality for civilians with TBI has been found to correlate with greater self-awareness and positive affect, however, scarce literature exists regarding its use and outcomes for veterans. To explore this, a veteran from the Vietnam era reporting a history of depression who is involved with a white water kayaking group completed a series of surveys designed to measure its effect on perceived self-awareness and positive affect. The case study reported that involvement with the white water kayaking group improved his perceived self-awareness. The case study also reported the highest positive affect and lowest negative affect immediately after traveling down the river during a white water kayaking river trip. More research in this area is needed.
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Vasilj, Aleksandra, Biljana Činčurak Erceg, and Ivan Piper. "CHALLENGES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SEA KAYAKING IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA." Pravni vjesnik 40, no. 2 (July 2024): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/28319.

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The paper deals with the analysis of the existing legal framework of the status of sea kayaks in the Republic of Croatia, the definition and the position of a kayak as a vessel in the domestic navigation safety system, and its goal is to present the regulation and give a critical review thereof. The types of kayaks are presented with respect to their purpose and construction, the univocity of the term in domestic legislation is questioned, and the solutions of the French model, which individualises these vessels with regard to the mentioned features, will be presented comparatively. The paper also presents kayaking as a sport and economic activity, as well as the necessary education of kayakers for the needs of active and adventure tourism. The paper analyses the international and national legal framework of navigation safety. The results of a survey of legal regulation of sea kayaking in the Republic of Croatia are also presented. The authors conclude that sea kayaking in the Republic of Croatia has not been properly regulated and that the existing legislation needs to be changed.
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MA, ZUCHANG, JINGMIN ZHANG, YINING SUN, and TAO MEI. "SPORTS BIOMECHANICAL INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION FOR KAYAKING EVENTS." International Journal of Information Acquisition 06, no. 03 (September 2009): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878909001941.

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Intensive understanding of sports biomechanical principles is an essential issue for sprint kayaking. In recent years, the authors have studied the acquisition of biomechanical information and the evaluation of competitive ability on sprint kayaking. In this study, first, an oar force sensor was developed to detect the stroke forces applied by paddler. The sensor was attached to a paddle with minimum mechanical involvement, hence the mechanical properties of the paddle was not changed. Second, an on-water instrument of biomechanical information acquisition was developed to detect stroke force, stroke frequency, stroke power, kayak speed, and acceleration synchronously. Third, 12 evaluation factors for kayaking ability were proposed based on the factor analysis. The 12 factors include (1) the stroke rate; (2) the speed fluctuation; (3 and 4) the hull pose (L/R); (5 and 6) the stroke force (L/R); (7 and 8) the endurance (L/R); (9 and 10) the stroke technique (L/R); (11 and 12) and the stroke rhythm (L/R). Finally, the stroke rate and the forward stoke technique was analyzed briefly.
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Sand, Robert L. "Essential Sea Kayaking by Jonathon Hanson." Marine Technology Society Journal 34, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.34.4.13.

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Zakaria, Jaffry, Mazuki Mohd Yasim, Md Amin Md Taff, Benderi Dasril, and Mirza Azny Mustafa. "White Water Kayaking Risk: Malaysian Perspective." OALib 04, no. 03 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103168.

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Fernández, B., J. Pérez-Landaluce, M. Rodríguez, and N. Terrados. "METABOLIC CONTRIBUTION IN OLYMPIC KAYAKING EVENTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (May 1995): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00143.

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Kizer, Kenneth W. "Medical Aspects of White-Water Kayaking." Physician and Sportsmedicine 15, no. 7 (July 1987): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1987.11702036.

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Kizer, K. W. "Medical aspects of white-water kayaking." Journal of Safety Research 20, no. 1 (March 1989): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(89)90019-4.

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Li, Y., M. Niessen, X. Chen, and U. Hartmann. "Maximal Lactate Steady State in Kayaking." International Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 11 (June 2, 2014): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1364026.

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Holland, Philip, Emma Torrance, and Lennard Funk. "Shoulder Injuries in Canoeing and Kayaking." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 28, no. 6 (November 2018): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000472.

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Tebruegge, Marc, Tom Connell, Nicole Ritz, David Orchard, and Nigel Curtis. "Mycobacterium marinum infection following kayaking injury." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 (September 2010): e305-e306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2246.

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Li, Yongming, Margot Niessen, Xiaoping Chen, and Ulrich Hartmann. "Method-Induced Differences of Energy Contributions in Women’s Kayaking." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0491.

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Context: Different relative aerobic energy contribution (WAER%) has been reported for the 2 women’s Olympic kayaking disciplines (ie, 200 and 500 m). Purpose: To investigate whether the adopted method of energy calculation influences the value of WAER% during kayaking time trials. Methods: Eleven adolescent female kayakers (age 14 ± 1 y, height 172 ± 4 cm, body mass 65.4 ± 4.2 kg, VO2peak 42.6 ± 4.9 mL·min−1·kg−1, training experience 1.5 ± 0.3 y) volunteered to participate in 1 incremental exercise test and 2 time trials (40 and 120 s) on the kayak ergometer. A portable spirometric system was used to measure gas metabolism. Capillary blood was taken from the ear lobe during and after the tests and analyzed for lactate afterward. The method of modified maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (m-MAOD) and the method based on the fast component of oxygen-uptake off-kinetics (PCr-La-O2) were used to calculate the energy contributions. Results: The anaerobic energy portions from m-MAOD were lower than those from PCr-La-O2 in the 40-s (41.9 ± 8.8 vs 52.8 ± 4.0 kJ, P > .05) and 120-s (64.1 ± 27.9 vs 68.2 ± 10.0 kJ, P > .05) time trials, which induced differences of WAER% between m-MAOD and PCr-La-O2 (36.0% vs 30.0% in 40 s, P > .05; 60.9% vs 57.5% in 120 s, P > .05). Conclusions: The reported different WAER% in women’s Olympic kayaking could be partly attributed to the adopted method of energy calculation (ie, m-MAOD vs PCr-La-O2). A fixed method of energy calculation is recommended during the longitudinal assessment on the relative energy contribution in women’s Olympic kayaking.
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Witkoś, Joanna, Grzegorz Błażejewski, and Marcin Gierach. "An Assessment of the Early Symptoms of Energy Deficiency as a Female Athlete Triad Risk among the Polish National Kayaking Team Using LEAF-Q." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105965.

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Background: Kayaking is a high intensity sport that demands high levels of aerobic and anaerobic capacity as well as a great deal of strength and endurance. The aim of this study was an assessment of the frequency of occurrence of early low energy availability symptoms using the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire for women belonging to the Polish national kayaking team. Additionally, quantitative measurements of body composition and levels of calcium were performed. Methods: The study involved 33 women who were competitors in the Polish national kayaking team. Results: An analysis of the results in terms of disorders in the monthly cycle in the tested kayakers found that only five competitors, approximately 15% of the entire group, had this type of problem. Between the participants who had disorders of the menstrual cycle and those whose cycle was normal, there was only a statistically significant difference at the level of p < 0.001 in relation to the age of the kayakers. Conclusions: The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire proved to be a useful screening tool, which allowed for the early detection of Female Athlete Triad symptoms in several young female kayakers from the Polish national team.
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Matzka, Manuel, Christoph Zinner, Philipp Kunz, Hans-Christer Holmberg, and Billy Sperlich. "Comparison of Physiological Parameters During On-Water and Ergometer Kayaking and Their Relationship to Performance in Sprint Kayak Competitions." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0912.

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Purpose: (1) To compare various physiological indicators of performance during a 5 × 1500-m incremental kayak test performed on an ergometer and on-water and (2) to analyze the relationships between these indicators and the actual competition performance of elite sprint kayakers, aiming to provide information to coaches for evaluating and planning training on-water. Methods: A total of 14 male and female German elite sprint kayakers performed an incremental test both on an ergometer and on-water. The tissue saturation index of the musculus (m.) biceps brachii, oxygen consumption, ratings of perceived exertion, and levels of blood lactate were measured and compared with actual racing times. In addition, power output was monitored during ergometer testing only. Results: Oxygen consumption during the fourth (P = .02; d = 0.32) and final (fifth; P < .001; d = 0.32) steps of incremental testing was higher on-water than on the ergometer. The tissue saturation index of the m. biceps brachii was approximately 21% higher at the end of the ergometer test (P = .002; d = 1.14). During the second (P = .01; d = 0.78), third (P = .005; d = 0.93), and fourth stages (P = .005; d = 1.02), the ratings of perceived exertion for ergometer kayaking was higher. During the final step, power output was most closely correlated to 200- (r = .88), 500- (r = .93), and 1000-m (r = .86) racing times (all Ps < .01). Conclusions: During high-intensity kayaking on an ergometer or on-water, the oxygen consumption and tissue saturation index of the m. biceps brachii differ. Furthermore, at moderate to submaximal intensities, the ratings of perceived exertion were higher for ergometer than for on-water kayaking. Finally, of all parameters assessed, the power output during ergometer kayaking exhibited the strongest correlation with actual racing performance.
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Garcia-Soidan, Jose Luis, Raquel Leiros-Rodriguez, Manuel Isorna-Folgar, and Vicente Romo-Perez. "What Factors Influence the Injuries of Canoeists and Kayakers over the Years?" Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2024): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062637.

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(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the number of injuries in the canoe and kayak disciplines. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological study was conducted on a convenience sample of elite canoeists and kayakers during the Spanish Championships of each canoeing and kayaking modality. Retrospective data were collected on the number, body area, type, and severity of injuries sustained in previous seasons, as well as other affiliation data. Four separate multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the impact of the sports mode of canoeing, age, and sex on the occurrence of injuries. (3) Results: The findings indicate a distinction in injury frequency between canoeing and kayaking modalities, with injuries being more common in canoeing. The occurrence of mild injuries decreases with age among canoeists, while remaining consistent in kayaking. As athletes age, confidence intervals increase. Canoeists have a higher injury probability, and across all injury types, men have a lower injury risk. (4) Conclusions: The frequency of injuries is higher in the canoe modality across all age groups. Coaches and athletes should be well-informed about the insights provided in this study to implement targeted injury prevention strategies, especially in women canoeists.
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Xie, Xinxiao, and Binchao Xu. "Integration of intelligent sports technology in optimizing kayaking athletes’ movement training." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 22, no. 3 (February 12, 2025): 1205. https://doi.org/10.62617/mcb1205.

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With the continuous advancement of technology, intelligent sports technology has gradually become an important tool in sports training. This study aims to explore the application of intelligent sports technology in optimizing the movement training of kayaking athletes. By introducing advanced technologies such as motion capture, data analysis, and virtual reality, the research aims to improve athletes’ coordination and stability in their movements. Using kayaking athletes as research subjects, this study provides a detailed description of the application methods and experimental design of intelligent sports technology and systematically analyzes the collected data. The research results show that intelligent sports technology has a significant effect on improving the precision and efficiency of athletes’ movements. Specifically, through real-time feedback and data accumulation, coaches and athletes can develop more scientific and reasonable training plans, thereby significantly enhancing training effectiveness. However, the study also points out the shortcomings of intelligent sports technology in terms of portability and real-time data processing, which need further improvement and optimization in future research. Overall, this study provides evidence for the application of intelligent sports technology in kayaking training, having important practical significance and application value. It offers valuable references for the future development of sports training and intelligent technology.
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Fiore, David C. "Injuries Associated With Whitewater Rafting and Kayaking." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 14, no. 4 (December 2003): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[255:iawwra]2.0.co;2.

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Li, Meng. "The Progress of Biomechanical Researches in Kayaking." Yangtze Medicine 01, no. 01 (2017): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ym.2017.11004.

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Shephard, Roy J. "Science and Medicine of Canoeing and Kayaking." Sports Medicine 4, no. 1 (1987): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198704010-00003.

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Someren, Ken Van, and Garry S. Palmer. "Prediction of 200-m Sprint Kayaking Performance." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-039.

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The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric and physiological profile of 200-m sprint kayakers and to examine relationships with 200-m race performance. Twenty-six male kayakers who were categorised in two ability groups, international (Int) and national (Nat) level, underwent a battery of anthropometric and physiological tests and a 200-m race. Race time was significantly lower in Int than Nat (39.9 ± 0.8 s and 42.6 ± 0.9 s, respectively). Int demonstrated significantly greater measures of mesomorphy, biepycondylar humeral breadth, circumferences of the upper arm, forearm and chest, peak power and total work in a modified Wingate test, total work in a 2-min ergometry test, peak isokinetic power, and peak isometric force. Significant relationships were found between 200-m time and a number of anthropometric variables and anaerobic and dynamometric parameters. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that total work in the modified Wingate alone predicted 200-m race time (R2 = 0.53, SEE = 1.11 s) for all 26 subjects, while biepycondylar humeral breadth alone predicted race time (R2 = 0.54, SEE = 0.52 s) in Int. These results demonstrate that superior upper body dimensions and anaerobic capacities distinguish international-level kayakers from national-level athletes and may be used to predict 200-m performance. Key words: kayak, laboratory assessment, anthropometry, aerobic, anaerobic
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Fekete, Michael. "Periodized Strength Training for Sprint Kayaking/Canoeing." STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL 20, no. 6 (1998): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1073-6840(1998)020<0008:pstfsk>2.3.co;2.

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Gray, G., G. Matheson, and D. McKenzie. "The Metabolic Cost of Two Kayaking Techniques." International Journal of Sports Medicine 16, no. 04 (May 1995): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-973000.

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42

Tamoghni Manna. "Canoeing, Kayaking, and Rowing: An Extensive Analysis." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2025): 105–11. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.15.1.0812.

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Rowing, kayaking, and canoeing are aquatic sports with numerous health advantages. These activities enhance cardiovascular health, muscular strength, endurance, and mental wellness. Their low-impact characteristics make them accessible to individuals of various ages. This review examines these sports' physiological, psychological, training effects and social impacts, emphasizing significant research studies and evidence-based conclusions.
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Huang, Haibo, and Xi-Yun Lu. "An ellipsoidal particle in tube Poiseuille flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 822 (June 7, 2017): 664–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.298.

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A suspended ellipsoidal particle inside a Poiseuille flow with Reynolds number up to 360 is studied numerically. The effects of tube diameter ($D$), inertia of the particle and the flow, and the particle geometry (both prolate and oblate ellipsoids) are considered. When a prolate particle with $a/b=2$ is inside a wider tube (e.g. $D/A&gt;1.9$), where $A=2a$ is the length of the major axis of the particle, the terminal stable state is tumbling. When the prolate particle is inside a narrower tube ($1.0&lt;D/A&lt;1.9$), log-rolling or kayaking modes may appear. Which mode occurs depends on the competition between fluid and particle inertia. When the fluid inertia is dominant, the log-rolling mode appears, otherwise, the kayaking mode appears. Inclined and spiral modes may appear when $D/A&lt;1$ and $D/A=1$, respectively. For a prolate ellipsoid with $a/b=4$, if $1&lt;D/A&lt;1.9$, there is only the kayaking mode and the log-rolling mode is not observed. When an oblate particle is inside a wider tube (e.g. $D/A&gt;3.5$), it may adopt the log-rolling mode. Inclined and intermediate modes are firstly identified in narrower tubes. The phase diagram of the modes is also provided. The modes in the phase diagrams were not found to be affected by the initial state of the particle based on limited observation.
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Dhanjal, Harshdeep Singh, Shreya Sinha, and Snehunsu Adhikari. "A Comparative Study of Selected Anthropometric and Physiological Variables Among Indian National Paddlers." International Journal of Kinanthropometry 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijk2223.

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Introduction: Canoeing and Kayaking are water sports featured by skill and endurance. Physiological and anthropometric variables play a substantial role in almost all games and sports and Canoeing and Kayaking could not be segregated from them. Several researches had been carried out in the field of Canoeing and Kayaking including anthropometric and physiological characteristics but very scanty account of these studies was concentrated on Indian paddlers. Hence, our study aimed at assessing the anthropometric and physiological profiles of Indian male and female Canoers and Kayakers and determining and explaining the differences between these groups. Method: Anthropometric parameters were measured according to standard protocols followed by ISAK manual. Body density was predicted using Durnin and Womersley equation (1974) and body fat % using the Siri method (1956). VO2max was predicted from Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MSRT). Results: Lean body mass was found to be higher in Kayakers than Canoers. Body fat percentage was found to be significantly higher among female Kayakers than female Canoers which was 26.53±4.28 and 18.96±1.54 respectively. Physiological variables when concerned showed that relative back strength and oxygen consumption of female Canoers were significantly higher than that of female Kayakers which were 2.22±0.14 kg, 45.20±2.17ml/min/kg and 1.83±0.18kg, 40.71±2.87ml/min/kg respectively. Conclusion: It had been found that both male and female Kayakers were found to be taller and heavier than the male and female Canoers respectively.
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dos Santos, José Augusto Rodrigues, Giorjines Boppre, and Rodrigo Zacca. "Monitoring of Training Load and Body Composition in Elite Male Kayakers." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (December 18, 2024): 11826. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411826.

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Background: Elite kayaking demands peak conditioning, and tracking these athletes reveals the science behind world-class performance. Physiological demands and body composition changes in elite male kayakers were tracked during the preparatory and transition periods of a kayaking competitive season. Methods: Laboratory (body composition assessment and a 4 min all-out test in a kayak ergometer) on-field tests (4 × 1500 m incremental intermittent protocol with 30 s rest intervals in a kayaking/rowing track) were applied on separate days to follow eight elite male kayakers (23.1 ± 5.6 y; 80 ± 8.8 kg; 177.0 ± 6.8 cm) at the beginning of the kayaking season (preparatory period, M1; first week of October), 22 weeks later, at the beginning of the transition period (M2; last week of February), and 5 weeks later, at the end of the transition period, i.e., beginning of the competitive period of the season (M3; first week of April). M3 corresponded to the participation in international competitions. Results: Distance at peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) on the kayak ergometer improved by 36.7 m from M1 to M3, the pace at V4 (aerobic capacity) was reduced (improved) by 25.2 s·km−1 from M1 to M2, and 25.6 s·km−1 by M3. Body weight decreased by 2.3 kg from M1 to M2, and fat mass percentage and kilograms decreased by 1.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Fat-free mass increased by 1.9% and 3.1%, respectively. Skinfold measurements showed a decrease in subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, and geminal skinfold. Aerobic power (V˙O2peak) in absolute values (in L·min−1) improved by 0.7 L·min−1 from M1 to M2, and by 1.1 L·min−1 by M3, and from M2 to M3 was ~0.5 L·min−1. Aerobic power in relative values improved by 15.0 from M1 to M2, and by 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 from M2 to M3. Conclusions: Elite male kayakers improved their physiological performance and body composition during the preparatory and transition phases of the competitive season. Notable gains in performance were mainly due to enhanced aerobic power, and positive body composition changes. These findings provide insights for optimizing training strategies and boosting competitive performance.
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Nagy, G., Zs Komka, G. Szathmáry, P. Katona, L. Gannoruwa, G. Erdős, P. Tarjányi, M. Tóth, M. Krepuska, and L. Grand. "Multimodal Approach for Kayaking Performance Analysis and Improvement." International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2020-0010.

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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) invades fields where sophisticated analytics has not been applied before. Modality refers to how something happens or is experienced. Multimodal datasets are beneficial for solving complex research problems with AI methods. Kayaking technique optimization has been challenging, as there seems to be no gold standard for effective paddling techniques since there are outstanding athletes with profoundly different physical capabilities and kayaking styles. Multimodal analysis can help find the most effective paddling techniques for training and competition based on individuals’ abilities. We describe the characteristics of the output power of kayak athletes and Electromyogram (EMG) measurements collected from the most critical muscles, and the relationship between these modalities. We propose metrics (weighted arithmetic mean difference and variability of power output and stroke duration) suitable for discerning athletes based on how efficiently and correctly they perform particular training tasks. Additionally, the described methods (asymmetry, coactivation, muscle intensity-output power) help athletes and coaches in assessing their performance and compare it with others based on their EMG activities. As the next step, we will apply machine-learning approaches on the synchronized dataset we collect with the described methods to reveal desirable EMG and stroke patterns.
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Yan, Alan Y., Addisu Mesfin, and Lew C. Schon. "Lateral Process Talus Fracture in a Kayaking Injury." Orthopedics 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20110228-18.

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Zimmerman, Judith A. "Like Kayaking Rough Waters Needed for School Change." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 76, no. 3 (January 2003): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098650309601996.

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49

Nichols, Douglas R. "Kayaking: An Activity for Integrating Students with Disabilities." Strategies 15, no. 2 (November 2001): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2001.10591531.

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50

Michael, J. S., R. Smith, and K. Rooney. "Physiological Responses to Kayaking with a Swivel Seat." International Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 08 (May 7, 2010): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1252053.

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