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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Koalas“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 26. Juli 2024

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1

Schmid, LM, KL Schmid, and B. Brown. "Behavioural determination of visual function in the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910367.

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A behavioural estimate of the koala's dependence on vision was made using fabric hoods to degrade the vision of ten male koalas. Koalas were placed on the ground in a square enclosure, with a centrally placed 'tree'. With unobstructed vision, the koalas quickly travelled across the ground to the tree and climbed it. However, with severely reduced vision, the koalas would not search for or climb the tree. When their vision was obscured, the koalas tended to raise their forelegs when walking, taking high, reaching steps. The koala appears to require a certain minimum level of vision before climb

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Dahlhausen, Katherine E., Ladan Doroud, Alana J. Firl, Adam Polkinghorne, and Jonathan A. Eisen. "Characterization of shifts of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) intestinal microbial communities associated with antibiotic treatment." PeerJ 6 (March 12, 2018): e4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4452.

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Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are arboreal marsupials native to Australia that eat a specialized diet of almost exclusively eucalyptus leaves. Microbes in koala intestines are known to break down otherwise toxic compounds, such as tannins, in eucalyptus leaves. Infections by Chlamydia, obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, are highly prevalent in koala populations. If animals with Chlamydia infections are received by wildlife hospitals, a range of antibiotics can be used to treat them. However, previous studies suggested that koalas can suffer adverse side effects during antibiotic tre

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Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Abul Hashem, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. "Toll-Like Receptor Expression Profiles in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Multiple KoRV Subtypes." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040983.

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs), evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Koala retrovirus (KoRV), a major koala pathogen, exists in both endogenous (KoRV-A) and exogenous forms (KoRV-B to J). However, the expression profile of TLRs in koalas infected with KoRV-A and other subtypes is yet to characterize. Here, we investigated TLR expression profiles in koalas with a range of subtype infection profiles (KoRV-A only vs. KoRV-A with KoRV-B and/or -C). To this end, we cloned partia

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Ellis, Murray V., Susan G. Rhind, Martin Smith, and Daniel Lunney. "Changes in the distribution of reports of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) after 16 years of local conservation initiatives at Gunnedah, north-west New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 1 (2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc16004.

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In the early 1990s the koala became the mascot for a revegetation program to control salinity on agricultural land around Gunnedah in New South Wales, and a snapshot of the koala’s distribution in the shire was collected at that time, mainly via a mail survey. After the success of tree plantings in the 1990s, the koala population of the Liverpool Plains became a focus of increasing local conservation efforts, as well as research to explain koala population dynamics. This included a repeat mail survey conducted in 2006, which enabled the comparison of the reported distributions to be undertaken

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Kondo, Kotaro, Mirei Suzuki, Mana Amadaira, Chiharu Araki, Rie Watanabe, Koichi Murakami, Shinsaku Ochiai, Tadatoshi Ogura, and Takashi Hayakawa. "Association of maternal genetics with the gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection in captive koalas." PeerJ 12 (May 27, 2024): e17385. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17385.

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Background Koalas, an Australian arboreal marsupial, depend on eucalypt tree leaves for their diet. They selectively consume only a few of the hundreds of available eucalypt species. Since the koala gut microbiome is essential for the digestion and detoxification of eucalypts, their individual differences in the gut microbiome may lead to variations in their eucalypt selection and eucalypt metabolic capacity. However, research focusing on the relationship between the gut microbiome and differences in food preferences is very limited. We aimed to determine whether individual and regional differ

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Dique, David S., Jim Thompson, Harriet J. Preece, Guy C. Penfold, Deidré L. de Villiers, and Ros S. Leslie. "Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial." Wildlife Research 30, no. 4 (2003): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02029.

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In 1995, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, the Queensland Department of Main Roads and Redland Shire Council initiated the Koala Speed Zone Trial in the Koala Coast, south-east Queensland. The aim of the trial was to assess the effect of differential speed signs on the number of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast from 1995 to 1999. On the basis of information collected by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service 1407 koalas were hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast during the five-year study (mean 281 koalas per year, range 251–315). Monitoring of vehicl

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Masters, Pip, Toni Duka, Steve Berris, and Graeme Moss. "Koalas on Kangaroo Island: from introduction to pest status in less than a century." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03007.

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In less than a century the ecological profile of koalas on Kangaroo Island has shifted from that of a species introduced for conservation purposes to one of pest status. Between 1923 and 1925, 18 koalas were released on Kangaroo Island. Their numbers increased rapidly and in 1997 a population-control program was implemented based on a population estimate of 5000 koalas. During the course of this program, it became clear that the koala population on Kangaroo Island was much greater and more widely distributed than previously thought, hence a more comprehensive population survey was carried out.

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Jiang, Alex Zijian, Andrew Tribe, Clive J. C. Phillips, and Peter J. Murray. "Insights from Koala–Cattle Interaction Experiments: Koalas and Cattle May See Each Other as a Disturbance." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070872.

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Koalas are facing many threats and have now been officially listed as endangered. Recently, concerns were raised in anecdotal reports of koalas being killed by livestock, especially cattle. We investigated the significance of cattle as a threat to koala survival via two koala–cattle interaction experiments, from both the koala and cattle perspectives. In the first experiment, we recorded the ranging behaviour of free-ranging, radio-collared koalas prior to, during and after cattle grazed within their usual home range. Koalas decreased their distance travelled and the size of their home range w

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Menkhorst, Peter, David Ramsey, Tim O'Brien, Emily Hynes, and Desley Whisson. "Survival and movements of koalas translocated from an over-abundant population." Wildlife Research 46, no. 7 (2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19090.

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Abstract Context At some sites in southern Victoria, browsing pressure caused by high-density koala populations can result in defoliation of preferred browse trees. In extreme cases, this over-browsing can lead to widespread tree death and starvation of koalas. To reduce the potential for mortality of trees and koalas, a management strategy that includes fertility control of females and translocation of healthy individuals (male and female) has been adopted. AimsTo compare the short- to medium-term survival and body condition of koalas translocated from over-browsed habitat and released into u

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Marsh, Karen J., Ben D. Moore, Ian R. Wallis, and William J. Foley. "Continuous monitoring of feeding by koalas highlights diurnal differences in tree preferences." Wildlife Research 40, no. 8 (2013): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13104.

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Context It is difficult to measure feeding rates for most wild nocturnal mammalian herbivores. Thus, although koalas are a popular species to study, we have a poor understanding of their activity patterns and feeding ecology. Researchers often assume that the trees that koalas occupy during the day indicate feeding preferences, but they may better reflect preferred resting sites. Aims We recorded the activities of koalas, with an emphasis on their feeding, particularly when they fed, the trees that they fed from, the number of meals they consumed and the variability in these measurements. Meth

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Stephenson, Tamsyn, Natasha Speight, Wai Yee Low, Lucy Woolford, Rick Tearle, and Farhid Hemmatzadeh. "Molecular Diagnosis of Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051477.

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Koala retrovirus, a recent discovery in Australian koalas, is endogenised in 100% of northern koalas but has lower prevalence in southern populations, with lower proviral and viral loads, and an undetermined level of endogenisation. KoRV has been associated with lymphoid neoplasia, e.g., lymphoma. Recent studies have revealed high complexity in southern koala retroviral infections, with a need to clarify what constitutes positive and negative cases. This study aimed to define KoRV infection status in Mount Lofty Ranges koalas in South Australia using RNA-seq and proviral analysis (n = 216). Th

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Singleton, Cora L., and Chris Hamlin-Andrus. "Koala retrovirus status and putative koala retrovirus-associated diseases in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in North American zoos. In Proceedings of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, ed. D. E. Alquezar-Planas, D. P. Higgins, C. L. Singleton, and A. D. Greenwood." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 38 (June 21, 2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1841.

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The living koala population in North America is predominantly descended from koalas imported from a single Australian facility in 1976 and 1981, with several smaller imports from other facilities between 1985 and 2013. Koala retrovirus subtype B (KoRV-B) entered the North American population via imports in 2005, 2008, and 2013. The 2005 and 2008 KoRV-B positive lineages are deceased, but the 2013 KoRV-B positive lineage has seven surviving koalas, including one female of breeding age. Three koalas born to KoRV-B negative dams were documented as being KoRV-B positive at 15 months of age after n

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Matthews, Alison, Daniel Lunney, Shaan Gresser, and Wendy Maitz. "Tree use by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) after fire in remnant coastal forest." Wildlife Research 34, no. 2 (2007): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06075.

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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fire on resource use by a population of koalas in remnant coastal forest. Fifty-five koalas were monitored regularly by radio-tracking for up to 35 months. The attributes of each tree in which the koala was sighted were recorded, giving a total of 8390 records. Analyses were undertaken on a range of ecological information. Regeneration of the forest began immediately following the fires and within three months koalas were seen among the epicormic growth. From a total 4631 trees used by koalas, 3247 (70%) were burnt. Observations of koalas fee

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Imanishi, Tetsuya. "Putative koala retrovirus-associated diseases in the Japanese captive koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population. In Proceedings of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, ed. D. E. Alquezar-Planas, D. P. Higgins, C. L. Singleton, and A. D. Greenwood." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 38 (June 21, 2023): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1840.

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Japan began housing koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in 1984, increasing from six individuals in 1984 to a peak of 96 koalas in 1997. However, the number of koalas has almost halved since and as of 2020, 54 koalas remain in zoos in Japan. Although records of 330 koala deaths have been accumulated over 37 years, there have been no comprehensive reports on the relationship between the causes of death and koala retrovirus (KoRV) in the Japanese captive population. Based on the koala studbook updated by the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums, we have investigated causes of death in the Japa

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Ellis, William, Sean FitzGibbon, Alistair Melzer, Robbie Wilson, Steve Johnston, Fred Bercovitch, David Dique, and Frank Carrick. "Koala habitat use and population density: using field data to test the assumptions of ecological models." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 2 (2013): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12023.

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In principle, conservation planning relies on long-term data; in reality, conservation decisions are apt to be based upon limited data and short-range goals. For the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), frequently reliance is made on the assumption that indirect signs can be used to indicate behavioural preferences, such as diet choice. We examined the relationship between the use of trees by koalas and the presence of scats beneath those trees. Tree use was associated with scat presence on 49% of occasions when koalas were radio-tracked in both central Queensland (n = 10 koalas) and south-east Que

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Chen, Chien-Jung, Stephen T. Anderson, Natasha Steiger, Allan McKinnon, Joerg Henning, and Rachel Allavena. "Bone biomarkers in koalas: validation of assays and preliminary analyses." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 6 (September 11, 2020): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720957031.

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Traumatic injury, including bone fracture, is, to date, one of the leading causes of koala mortality in the South East Queensland region of Australia. Further, the specialist diet of koalas, which is restricted to certain Eucalyptus spp., may impact their normal bone physiology. Considering the dramatic koala population decline and high incidence of trauma, a greater understanding of koala bone physiology may support conservation. We retrieved from GenBank the protein sequences of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OCN), and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) in human, dog, c

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McINNES, L. M., A. GILLETT, J. HANGER, S. A. REID, and U. M. RYAN. "The potential impact of native Australian trypanosome infections on the health of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Parasitology 138, no. 7 (April 27, 2011): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000369.

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SUMMARYWhole blood collected from koalas admitted to the Australian Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH), Beerwah, QLd, Australia, during late 2006–2009 was tested using trypanosome species-specific 18S rDNA PCRs designed to amplify DNA fromTrypanosoma irwini, T. gillettiandT. copemani. Clinical records for each koala sampled were reviewed and age, sex, blood packed cell volume (PCV), body condition, signs of illness, blood loss, trauma, chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease, koala AIDS and hospital admission outcome (‘survival’ / ‘non-survival’) were correlated with PCR results. Overall 73·8% (439/595) o

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Speight, Natasha. "Koala retrovirus infection and disease in South Australian koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations. In Proceedings of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, ed. D. E. Alquezar-Planas, D. P. Higgins, C. L. Singleton, and A. D. Greenwood." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 38 (June 21, 2023): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1839.

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Koala retrovirus (KoRV) infection, endogenous in all northern koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), has been found to occur at lower, but increasing, prevalence in the Kangaroo Island and Mount Lofty Ranges koala populations in South Australia. Proviral and viral loads are also lower than in Queensland koalas, which may be due to exogenous spread of infection, or may be related to the variable presence of viral genes and fragmented expression that has been found in positive Mount Lofty Ranges koalas. However, high proviral loads and full expression across the KoRV genome in South Australian koalas

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Witt, Ryan R., Chad T. Beranek, Lachlan G. Howell, Shelby A. Ryan, John Clulow, Neil R. Jordan, Bob Denholm, and Adam Roff. "Real-time drone derived thermal imagery outperforms traditional survey methods for an arboreal forest mammal." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): e0242204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242204.

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Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are cryptic and currently face regional extinction. The direct detection (physical sighting) of individuals is required to improve conservation management strategies. We provide a comparative assessment of three survey methods for the direct detection of koalas: systematic spotlighting (Spotlight), remotely piloted aircraft system thermal imaging (RPAS), and the refined diurnal radial search component of the spot assessment technique (SAT). Each survey method was repeated on the same morning with independent observers (03:00–12:00 hrs) for a total of 10 survey o

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Lunney, Daniel, Carol Esson, Chris Moon, Murray Ellis, and Alison Matthews. "A Community-based Survey of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, in the Eden Region of South-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 24, no. 1 (1997): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr94034.

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A community-based postal survey (questionnaire and map) was undertaken in the Eden region of south-eastern New South Wales in 1991–92 to help determine the local distribution of koalas and to obtain information on which to base a regional plan of management for koalas. The 1198 replies from the II 600 households in the region represented all parts of the area surveyed. The survey responses suggest that koalas are rare in the Eden region, and that the number of koalas has been constantly low for the last four decades. The records are scattered both chronologically and geographically. National P

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de Oliveira, S. M., P. J. Murray, D. L. de Villiers, and G. S. Baxter. "Ecology and movement of urban koalas adjacent to linear infrastructure in coastal south-east Queensland." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 1 (2014): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12046.

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In Redland City, koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are in rapid decline as they are exposed to anthropogenic threats such as habitat clearing, dog attacks, vehicle collisions and disease. This study investigated the influence of linear infrastructure on the movement and habitat use of urban koalas. Seven koalas were tracked for up to 28 weeks during the breeding season. Home ranges were calculated for 95% Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP95%) and 95% fixed Kernel Density (FK95%). Koalas responded to the landscape in different ways. Linear infrastructure did not restrict the movements of most koalas. H

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Quigley, Bonnie L., and Peter Timms. "The Koala Immune Response to Chlamydial Infection and Vaccine Development—Advancing Our Immunological Understanding." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020380.

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Chlamydia is a significant pathogen for many species, including the much-loved Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). To combat this situation, focused research has gone into the development and refinement of a chlamydial vaccine for koalas. The foundation of this process has involved characterising the immune response of koalas to both natural chlamydial infection as well as vaccination. From parallels in human and mouse research, it is well-established that an effective anti-chlamydial response will involve a balance of cell-mediated Th1 responses involving interferon-gamm

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Ellis, William, Rachael Attard, Stephen Johnston, Peter Theileman, Allan McKinnon, and David Booth. "Faecal particle size and tooth wear of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 1 (2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13033.

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We used computer-aided image analysis of leaf fragment particles found in faecal pellets of 45 koalas, representing the range of tooth wear in this species, to investigate how tooth wear in the koala influences faecal particle sizes. Although the range of sizes of particles produced did not vary between koalas across different tooth wear classes, with all koalas producing small, medium and large particles, koalas with advanced tooth wear produced a greater proportion of larger particles. This observation may prove useful for demographic population analyses based on scat surveys since the broad

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Quigley, Bonnie L., and Peter Timms. "Helping koalas battle disease – Recent advances in Chlamydia and koala retrovirus (KoRV) disease understanding and treatment in koalas." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 44, no. 5 (June 18, 2020): 583–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa024.

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ABSTRACT The iconic Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), has suffered dramatic population declines as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, vehicle collision mortality, dog attacks, bushfires and climate change. In 2012, koalas were officially declared vulnerable by the Australian government and listed as a threatened species. In response, research into diseases affecting koalas has expanded rapidly. The two major pathogens affecting koalas are Chlamydia pecorum, leading to chlamydial disease and koala retrovirus (KoRV). In the last eight years, these pathog

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Ashman, Kita R., and Desley A. Whisson. "Developing guidelines for the use of traps to capture koalas." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 3 (2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am20018.

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Capture of wildlife is essential both for research and management, and minimising the amount of stress an animal experiences during capture is important. We examined the behavioural response of koalas to cage traps to improve protocols for trapping koalas. We used heat- and motion-sensing cameras to record the behaviour of koalas in traps, and the duration spent in traps. Behavioural responses were scored on a scale of 0 (no apparent response) to 3 (heightened response) from videos. We successfully trapped a koala in 19 of 21 attempts. For 12 occasions when traps were monitored with cameras, k

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Rhind, Susan G., Murray V. Ellis, Martin Smith, and Daniel Lunney. "Do Koalas Phascolarctos cinereus use trees planted on farms? A case study from north-west New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (2014): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140302.

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Biodiversity benefits are routinely cited as an outcome of planting trees on farms but there has been too little information to properly substantiate such claims. This study is among the first to examine the use of plantings by arboreal mammals. We examined an important inland koala population and its use of farm revegetation to determine: (1) if koalas use planted trees; (2) patch characteristics correlated with use/non-use by koalas; and, (3) contextual characteristics correlated with use/non-use. Surveys of koala dung, also known as scats or faecal pellets, were conducted under trees in 19

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Lee, Tristan, Kyall R. Zenger, Robert L. Close, and David N. Phalen. "Genetic analysis reveals a distinct and highly diverse koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10035.

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Population genetics can reveal otherwise hidden information involving a species’ history in a given region. Koalas were thought to have been virtually exterminated from the Australian state of Victoria during the koala fur trade of the late 1800s. Koalas in the South Gippsland region of Victoria were examined using microsatellite markers to infer population structure and gene flow and to locate a possible remnant gene pool. The results indicate that the South Gippsland koala population had higher genetic diversity (A = 5.97, HO = 0.564) than other published Victorian populations, and was genet

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Schmertmann, Laura J., Alex Kan, Valentina S. A. Mella, Cristina M. Fernandez, Mathew S. Crowther, George Madani, Richard Malik, Wieland Meyer, and Mark B. Krockenberger. "Prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and nasal colonization in a free-ranging koala population." Medical Mycology 57, no. 7 (January 12, 2019): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy144.

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AbstractCryptococcosis, caused by environmental fungi in the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes, affects a variety of hosts, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Cryptococcal antigenemia and nasal colonization are well characterized in captive koalas, but free-ranging populations have not been studied systematically. Free-ranging koalas (181) from the Liverpool Plains region of New South Wales, Australia, were tested for cryptococcal antigenemia (lateral flow immunoassay) and nasal colonization (bird seed agar culture). Results were related to environmental

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Ellis, W. A. H., B. J. Sullivan, A. T. Lisle, and F. N. Carrick. "The spatial and temporal distribution of koala faecal pellets." Wildlife Research 25, no. 6 (1998): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97028.

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Faecal pellets were collected under trees used by free-ranging koalas in south-western, central and south-eastern Queensland to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of pellets with respect to the activity of koalas. Deposition of faecal pellets by koalas was analysed according to the time of day at which the tree was occupied. For free-ranging koalas, 47% of daily faecal pellet output was recovered using a collection mat of 8 × 8 m placed under a day-roost tree. The best predictor of pellet production was the presence of a koala in a tree between 1800 hours and midnight. For other p

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Wedrowicz, Faye, Jennifer Mosse, Wendy Wright, and Fiona E. Hogan. "Using non-invasive sampling methods to determine the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus in a remnant koala population with conservation importance." Wildlife Research 45, no. 4 (2018): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17184.

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Context Pathogenic infections are an important consideration for the conservation of native species, but obtaining such data from wild populations can be expensive and difficult. Two pathogens have been implicated in the decline of some koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations: urogenital infection with Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus subgroup A (KoRV-A). Pathogen data for a wild koala population of conservation importance in South Gippsland, Victoria are essentially absent. Aims This study uses non-invasive sampling of koala scats to provide prevalence and genotype data for C. pecoru

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White, Rhys T., Alistair R. Legione, Alyce Taylor-Brown, Cristina M. Fernandez, Damien P. Higgins, Peter Timms, and Martina Jelocnik. "Completing the Genome Sequence of Chlamydia pecorum Strains MC/MarsBar and DBDeUG: New Insights into This Enigmatic Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Pathogen." Pathogens 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121543.

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Chlamydia pecorum, an obligate intracellular pathogen, causes significant morbidity and mortality in livestock and the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). A variety of C. pecorum gene-centric molecular studies have revealed important observations about infection dynamics and genetic diversity in both koala and livestock hosts. In contrast to a variety of C. pecorum molecular studies, to date, only four complete and 16 draft genomes have been published. Of those, only five draft genomes are from koalas. Here, using whole-genome sequencing and a comparative genomics approach, we describe the first t

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Gallahar, Nicole, Kellie Leigh, and David Phalen. "Koala tree selection in a mixed-tenure landscape and post-fire implications." Wildlife Research 48, no. 8 (2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20206.

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Abstract ContextThe more frequent and intense bushfires predicted under climate change are likely to heavily impact koalas living inside protected areas and intact forests, which makes koala habitat in asset protection zones more important. Understanding how koalas use different habitats in a mixed-tenure landscape can inform effective conservation management. AimsThe aims of this study were to determine (1) the species and size of trees used by koalas, (2) whether choice of daytime trees was affected by available proportions of tree species and sizes in koala home ranges, and (3) whether deve

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Johnston, S. D., P. O'Callaghan, K. Nilsson, G. Tzipori, and J. D. Curlewis. "Semen-induced luteal phase and identification of a LH surge in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Reproduction 128, no. 5 (November 2004): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00300.

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The koala ovulates in response to mating. The purpose of this study was to document the LH surge induced by copulation and to investigate the potential roles of mechanical stimulation of the urogenital sinus and deposition of semen in induction of the luteal phase. In experiment 1, serial blood samples from four koalas that underwent normal mating showed elevated concentrations of LH approximately 24–32 h post-coitus. There was no corresponding elevation in LH in koalas (n = 4) that were exposed to the presence of a male but received no physical contact. In experiment 2, koalas on day 2 of oes

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Santamaria, Flavia, Rupert Palme, Rolf Schlagloth, Edith Klobetz-Rassam, and Joerg Henning. "Seasonal Variations of Faecal Cortisol Metabolites in Koalas in South East Queensland." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061622.

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The Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an endemic marsupial inhabiting four states of Australia. Urbanisation, declining habitat, drought and fires are threatening the survival of this flagship species. These threats may cause acute and chronic stress in koalas, which might also be associated with occurrence of infectious diseases in koala populations. Stress may induce an increase in cortisol reflected in increased faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) values. To be able to use faecal cortisol metabolites to measure stress levels in this species, our aim was to determine baseline values for males a

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McKay, Philippa A., and Brent D. Jones. "Incidence, trends, and significance of putative koala retrovirus-associated diseases in monitored wild koala populations in southeast Queensland. In Proceedings of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, ed. D. E. Alquezar-Planas, D. P. Higgins, C. L. Singleton, and A. D. Greenwood." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 38 (June 21, 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1838.

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Research indicates that northern koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are ubiquitously infected with koala retrovirus (KoRV). There is increasing evidence linking KoRV with neoplasia and a range of disorders associated with immunodeficiency, conditions observed at high rates in captive colonies, and sick koalas presenting to wildlife hospitals. However, less is known about the occurrence of these putative KoRV-associated diseases in wild populations. We analysed health data collected at the veterinary examinations of 691 koalas inhabiting three monitored wild koala populations in southeast Queensla

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Dique, David S., Harriet J. Preece, Jim Thompson, and Deidré L. de Villiers. "Determining the distribution and abundance of a regional koala population in south-east Queensland for conservation management." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02031.

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Koala surveys were used to determine the distribution and abundance of a threatened regional koala population in south-east Queensland to assist with the development of effective conservation management programs. Daytime systematic searches of strip transects were conducted twice yearly from 1996 to 1999 to determine koala density at a number of sites in urban, remnant bushland and bushland strata. Mean density estimates for 27 survey sites ranged from 0.02 to 1.26 koalas ha–1. Koala densities were generally higher in large tracts and remnant patches of eucalypt bushland towards the centre of

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Ellis, W. A. H., A. Melzer, F. N. Carrick, and M. Hasegawa. "Tree use, diet and home range of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) at Blair Athol, central Queensland." Wildlife Research 29, no. 3 (2002): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00111.

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Free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were monitored by means of radio-relocation in the area of Blair Athol Coal Mine and surrounding properties. Daytime tree use, home range and diet of these koalas was determined in spring and autumn, as was the leaf moisture composition of potential fodder species. Koalas used on average 93 (male koalas) and 56 (female koalas) trees during the period of observation, occupying home ranges of 135 and 101 ha respectively. Mean sightings per tree were 1.19 for both males and females and home-range sizes were not significantly different between sexes or

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Lane, Murraya R., Arianne Lowe, Jelena Vukcevic, Robert G. Clark, George Madani, Damien P. Higgins, Luke Silver, Katherine Belov, Carolyn J. Hogg, and Karen J. Marsh. "Health Assessments of Koalas after Wildfire: A Temporal Comparison of Rehabilitated and Non-Rescued Resident Individuals." Animals 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2023): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182863.

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Many koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) required rehabilitation after the 2019/20 Australian megafires. Little is known about how the post-release health of rehabilitated koalas compares to non-rescued resident koalas. We evaluated health parameters in rehabilitated koalas and resident koalas in burnt and unburnt habitat in southern New South Wales, Australia. Health checks were undertaken within six weeks of fire (rehabilitated group), 5–9 months post-fire and 12–16 months post-fire. Body condition improved significantly over time in rehabilitated koalas, with similar condition between all group

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Eisenhofer, Raphael, Kylie L. Brice, Michaela DJ Blyton, Scott E. Bevins, Kellie Leigh, Brajesh K. Singh, Kristofer M. Helgen, et al. "Individuality and stability of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faecal microbiota through time." PeerJ 11 (January 23, 2023): e14598. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14598.

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Gut microbiota studies often rely on a single sample taken per individual, representing a snapshot in time. However, we know that gut microbiota composition in many animals exhibits intra-individual variation over the course of days to months. Such temporal variations can be a confounding factor in studies seeking to compare the gut microbiota of different wild populations, or to assess the impact of medical/veterinary interventions. To date, little is known about the variability of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) gut microbiota through time. Here, we characterise the gut microbiota from fa

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Hanger, Jon J., Lindell D. Bromham, Jeff J. McKee, Tracy M. O'Brien, and Wayne F. Robinson. "The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Retrovirus: a Novel Type C Endogenous Virus Related to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus." Journal of Virology 74, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 4264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.9.4264-4272.2000.

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ABSTRACT A novel retrovirus, morphologically consistent with mammalian C-type retroviruses, was detected by electron microscopy in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 163 koalas and in lymphoma tissue from 3 koalas. PCR amplified provirus from the blood and tissues of 17 wild and captive koalas, and reverse transcriptase-PCR demonstrated viral mRNA, viral genomic RNA, and reverse transcriptase activity in koala serum and cell culture supernatants. Comparison of viral sequences derived from genomic DNA and mRNA showed identity indicative of a single retroviral spe

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Sullivan, B. J., W. M. Norris, and G. S. Baxter. "Low-density koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in the mulgalands of south-west Queensland. II. Distribution and diet." Wildlife Research 30, no. 4 (2003): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00032.

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This study used faecal pellets to investigate the broadscale distribution and diet of koalas in the mulgalands biogeographic region of south-west Queensland. Koala distribution was determined by conducting faecal pellet searches within a 30-cm radius of the base of eucalypts on 149 belt transects, located using a multi-scaled stratified sampling design. Cuticular analysis of pellets collected from 22 of these sites was conducted to identify the dietary composition of koalas within the region. Our data suggest that koala distribution is concentrated in the northern and more easterly regions of

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Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Abul Hashem, Fumie Maetani, Atsushi Goto, Noriko Nagata, Aki Kasori, Tetsuya Imanishi, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. "Molecular Insights into Innate Immune Response in Captive Koala Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Co-Infected with Multiple Koala Retrovirus Subtypes." Pathogens 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2022): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080911.

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Koala retrovirus (KoRV) exists in both endogenous and exogenous forms and has appeared as a major threat to koala health and conservation. Currently, there are twelve identified KoRV subtypes: an endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) and eleven exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B to -I, KoRV-K, -L, and -M). However, information about subtype-related immune responses in koalas against multiple KoRV infections is limited. In this study, we investigated KoRV-subtype (A, B, C, D, and F)-related immunophenotypic changes, including CD4, CD8b, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA expression, in peripheral blood mononuclear cell

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TAYLOR, ANDREA C., JENNY MARSHALL GRAVES, NEIL D. MURRAY, STEPHEN J. O'BRIEN, N. YUHKI, and BILL SHERWIN. "Conservation genetics of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): low mitochondrial DNA variation amongst southern Australian populations." Genetical Research 69, no. 1 (February 1997): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672397002607.

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Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in southern Australia have a history of bottlenecks – earlier this century the species became extinct in South Australia, and almost so in Victoria. Subsequently large numbers of animals from island populations (founded from very few animals) have been translocated back to mainland sites and to other islands in the region. As part of a larger study of the genetic structure of koala populations in southern Australia, we have undertaken a survey of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA-RFLP) variability. Genomic DNA from 91 k

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Dique, David S., Jim Thompson, Harriet J. Preece, Deidré L. de Villiers, and Frank N. Carrick. "Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02043.

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Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between Jun

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Speight, Natasha, Daniel Colella, Wayne Boardman, David A. Taggart, Julie I. Haynes, and William G. Breed. "Seasonal variation in occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in South Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17038.

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Many koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, are affected by oxalate nephrosis, in which renal calcium oxalate deposition occurs. In other species, suboptimal water intake increases the risk of urinary calcium oxalate crystal formation. Koalas principally rely on eucalypt leaf moisture content to maintain hydration but the Mount Lofty Ranges region has hot, dry summers. This study investigates the association between temperature, rainfall and eucalypt leaf moisture and the occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in this population of koalas. Koalas from the Mount Lo

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Phillips, Stephen. "Differing mortality rates in two concurrently radio-tracked populations of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 2 (2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16047.

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Radio-tracking studies enable insights into factors that contribute to koala mortality. Two radio-tracking studies investigating the impacts of disturbance events on koalas were undertaken in different areas over the same period. Both studies employed similar techniques for koala capture, processing and monitoring. In one study, none of nine koalas died during a 5-month monitoring program following their translocation into a new habitat area, while in the second study 6 of 11 koalas died over the same period during an in situ impact-monitoring study. The two populations differed morphologicall

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McLean, Natasha, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "Sexual maturity, factors affecting the breeding season and breeding in consecutive seasons in populations of overabundant Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 6 (2006): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06015.

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It is important to have knowledge of basic population parameters to understand how these vary geographically and temporally and how they contribute to population dynamics. This paper investigates three of these parameters in Victorian koala populations: sexual maturity, aspects of the breeding season, and the continuity of individuals’ breeding. The investigation was carried out in koalas of known-age in two free-living (Redbill Creek on French Island and Brisbane Ranges) and one semi-captive (the Koala Conservation Centre on Phillip Island) population as well as koalas of unknown age in four

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Law, B., L. Gonsalves, R. Bilney, J. Peterie, R. Pietsch, P. Roe, and A. Truskinger. "Using Passive Acoustic Recording and Automated Call Identification to Survey Koalas in the Southern Forests of New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 3 (January 2020): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.033.

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Cost-effective surveys of low density koala populations are challenging, but technological developments in the acoustics field offer great potential for landscape-scale surveys and monitoring. We assessed passive acoustic recording coupled with automated call identification as a survey method for koalas Phascolarctos cinereus . Surveys targeted areas of previously known koala activity based on scat surveys in southern forests of New South Wales where a low density of koalas is suspected. We set 24 Song Meters to record at night over a two week period (~3,696 hours) in the koala breeding season

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Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn. "A reflection on motivating community action to protect an endangered species using marketing." European Journal of Marketing 56, no. 9 (November 16, 2022): 2558–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2022-0146.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe a case that has worked with community aiming to prevent koala deaths and injuries across known causes including dogs. Design/methodology/approach Over a 6½-year period, a project team has applied the Co-create–Build–Engage (CBETM) process initially delivering a proof-of-concept pilot programme for one threat faced by koalas, which was later scaled to citywide delivery. This approach is now being extended across 12 local government areas, and the author’s team is now working across all preventable threats faced by koalas’ regionwide. Leave It is now nested as

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Zee, Y. P., C. Lopez-Fernandez, J. Gosalvez, W. V. Holt, and S. D. Johnston. "82 DNA FRAGMENTATION DYNAMICS OF KOALA SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab82.

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Koala sperm chromatin has a tendency to relax following incubation and thawing but the background incidence and dynamics of DNA fragmentation during semen processing at 35°C and following chilled and frozen preservation has not been investigated. This study (n = 10) was designed to establish the fragmentation dynamics of koala sperm DNA at body temperature (35°C), after chilling (4°C) for upward of 16 days, and following a standard freeze–thaw protocol (Johnston SD et al. 2006 Cryobiology 53, 218–228). Sperm DNA fragmentation index (sDFI) was determined using a Halomax kit (ChromaCell SL, Madr

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