Zeitschriftenartikel: „Krakatit“

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Maslova, Ksenia. "Istoriia sozdaniia, tematika, problematika i khudozhestvennye osobennosti romana K. Chapeka «Krakatit»." Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity, no. 2018 (2018): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0869.2018.3.1.8.

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Bosnak, Judith, and Rick Honings. "‘Behoed ons arme volk voor de vulkaan-poëten’." De Moderne Tijd 4, no. 3 (2020): 382–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2020.3-4.012.honi.

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Abstract ‘Save our poor people from the vulcano poets’. The literary reception of the Krakatoa disaster of 1883 in the Netherlands and Indonesi On August 27, 1883, the volcano Krakatau in the Dutch East Indies erupted and collapsed, causing the deaths of tens of thousands, mainly as a result of devastating tsunamis. The Krakatau eruption was one of the first disasters to take place beyond the Dutch boundaries that received so much attention in the Netherlands. Because the Indies were a Dutch colony, a response of the motherland was rather logical. In many places, charity activities were organized to raise money for the victims. This article focuses on the Dutch and Indonesian literary reactions on the Krakatau disaster. For this purpose, two scholars work together: one specialized in Dutch Literary Studies and the other one in Indonesian Languages and Cultures. In the first part of the article several Dutch charity publications are analysed; the second part focuses on Indonesian sources (in Javanese and Malay). How and to what extend did the reactions in the Netherlands and Indonesia differ?

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Novriadi, Novriadi, Endang Linirin Widiastuti, and Rikha Aryanie Surya. "EVALUASI KOMUNITAS TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN CAGAR ALAM LAUT KRAKATAU." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 1, no. 1 (2013): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v1i1.96.

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Cagar Alam Laut Krakatau berada di daerah vulkanik Gunung Anak Krakatu. Aktivitas seismik yang diakibatkan oleh magma chamber Anak Krakatau menyebabkan goncangan pada dasar laut yang memungkinkan bergesernya substrat yang menjadi tempat terumbu karang tumbuh, Selain itu debu vulkanik akan mempengaruhi kalsifikasi dan pertumbuhan karang sehingga karang yang terbentuk akan rapuh dan rentan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan, seperti arus dan goncangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terkini komunitas serta keanekaragaman terumbu karang di Cagar Alam Laut Krakatau. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2012. Perairan yang menjadi stasiun penelitian adalah perairan Pulau Rakata. Metode manta tow digunakan pada saat survei pendahuluan dan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT) digunakan dalam pengambilan data terumbu karang. Stasiun penelitian yang berda di perairan Pulau Rakata dibagi menjadi empat titik pengambilan sampel. pada kedalaman 5 meter dengan panjang transek 50 meter searah garis pantai. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa dari 27 spesies dalam 7 famili terumbu karang yang ditemukan pada stasiun penelitian kondisinya bervariasi dari baik sekali hingga rusak dengan tingkat tutupan berkisar antara 90,88%, 56,54%,dan 38,32 %.

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Jayaratne, Ravindra, Aldhiansyah Muhammad Fauzi, Hendra Achiari, and Tomoya Shibayama. "MODELLING OF KRAKATOA TSUNAMI WAVE PROPAGATION AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT BASED ON SWOT ANALYSIS IN SOUTHERN LAMPUNG, INDONESIA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.30.

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The eruption of Krakatoa which occurred on the 22 December 2018 caused an avalanche from the Gunung Anak Krakatau (GAK) body into the sea, causing a tsunami in the Sunda Strait. The tsunami affected Lampung (Sumatra) and Banten (Java) provinces in Indonesia. Based on the field observations made by Takabatake et al. (2019) in the southern part of Lampung, it was identified that there were severely damaged areas in Lampung; i.e. East Way Muli, Central Way Muli, and Kunjir villages. A numerical model was developed to simulate past and future tsunami wave propagation scenarios. In addition, the strategic planning technique of SWOT analysis was carried out in order to make recommendations for the resilience of local coastal communities for future tsunami events in Southern Lampung.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/YR_UX_SdS6c

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Whittaker, R. J., and M. B. Bush. "Anak Krakatau and old Krakatau: a reply." GeoJournal 29, no. 4 (1993): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00807545.

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Mabberley, D. J., M. Bush, P. Jones, and K. Richards. "Krakatoa Revisited." Journal of Biogeography 15, no. 2 (1988): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845419.

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Wirasetiyawan, Dedy, Nawanto Budi Sukoco, Nur Riyadi, and Dikdik Satria Mulyadi. "Identifikasi Perubahan Kontur Kedalaman Laut Diperairan Sekitar Anak Gunung Krakatau Pasca Erupsi Tahun 2018." Jurnal Chart Datum 6, no. 2 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/chartdatum.v6i2.184.

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Krakatau (Rakata) adalah kepulauan vulkanik yang masih aktif yang terletak di Selat Sunda, antara Pulau Jawa dan Sumatera. Pada tahun 1927 atau kurang lebih 40 tahun setelah meletusnya Gunung Krakatau, muncul gunung api yang dikenal sebagai Anak Krakatau dari kawasan kaldera purba tersebut yang masih aktif dan tetap bertambah tingginya. Penyebab semakin tingginya gunung itu disebabkan oleh material yang keluar dari perut gunung baru itu. Pada penelitian ini dititik beratkan pada identifikasi perbandingan perubahan kontur kedalaman perairan disekitar Anak Gunung Krakatau sebelum dan pasca erupsi tahun 2018. Data penelitian ini berupa data sekunder Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) yang diperoleh dari hasil survei KRI Spica-934 di Perairan Selat Sunda atau di sekitar Anak Gunung Krakatau pasca erupsi tahun 2018 menggunakan MBES EM 2040 dan EM 302. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan software Charis Hips and Sips selanjutnya dioverlay dengan Lembar Lukis Teliti (LLT) tahun 2016. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terjadi perubahan kontur kedalaman laut di area sekitar Anak Gunung Krakatau pasca erupsi tahun 2018 yang mengakibatkan pendangkalan hampir diseluruh area Anak Gunung Krakatau, terutama di bagian selatan dan barat dimana terdapat garis pantai yang menyempit akibat longsoran, selain itu berdasar data hasil olahan terdapat pola garis kontur kedalaman laut yang mendekati garis pantai.

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Setiawati, Astriana Rahmi, Jamalam Lumbanraja, Septi Nurul Aini, Dermiyati Dermiyati, Henrie Buchari, and Zuldadan Naspendra. "Texture and Chemical Properties of Two Depth Soils in a Toposequence of Anak Krakatau Before December 2018 Eruption." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 25, no. 2 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2020.v25i2.71-81.

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Anak Krakatau volcano is one of the famous volcanic mountains located in the sea to the south part of the Province of Lampung, Indonesia. The volcano was derived from the active Krakatau caldera that first appeared on the surface in 1930 or 47 years after the eruption of Krakatau in 1883. The materials produced by the Anak Krakatau eruption were very interesting related to soil forming materials, especially their physical and chemical properties. The objectives of this study were to present information about the texture and chemical properties of soil from Anak Krakatau Mountain taken at the southeast slope before the December 2018 eruption at two different depths. This study was conducted in March to September 2019 which consisted of two parts: (1) soil survey in the field and (2) soil analysis in the laboratory. Soil samples were taken from a toposequence at seven points with an interval about 15m above sea level (asl) on the southeast slope (approaching northeast) of the Anak Krakatau in July 2018 at the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The soil texture of Anak Krakatau mountain before eruption in December 2018 was sandy with the percentage of sand 98.82 - 99.59%; silt 0 - 0.59%; and clay 0.41 - 0.74%. The soil chemical properties of Anak Krakatau mountain were soil pH (H2O) 4.95 – 6.27; soil pH (KCl) 4.75 – 5.89; Cation Exchange Capacity 0.41 – 2.02 cmol(+) kg-1; Base Saturation 117.24 – 514.63%; CaO 2.63 – 6.34%; MgO 3.06 – 6.13%; K2O 0.019 – 0.034%; Na2O 0.035 – 0.080%; P-retention 82.10 – 84.74%; and organic carbon 0.06 – 0.72%. The SEM-EDX analysis showed that the amounts of Mg and Na were more than 1% and there were several trace elements present in Anak Krakatau soil, namely Sb (Stibium), Nb (Niobium), Y (Yttrium), F (Flour), Co (Cobalt), and Ba (Barium).

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Choi, B. H., E. Pelinovsky, K. O. Kim, and J. S. Lee. "Simulation of the trans-oceanic tsunami propagation due to the 1883 Krakatau volcanic eruption." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 5 (2003): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-321-2003.

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Abstract. The 1883 Krakatau volcanic eruption has generated a destructive tsunami higher than 40 m on the Indonesian coast where more than 36 000 lives were lost. Sea level oscillations related with this event have been reported on significant distances from the source in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Evidence of many manifestations of the Krakatau tsunami was a subject of the intense discussion, and it was suggested that some of them are not related with the direct propagation of the tsunami waves from the Krakatau volcanic eruption. Present paper analyzes the hydrodynamic part of the Krakatau event in details. The worldwide propagation of the tsunami waves generated by the Krakatau volcanic eruption is studied numerically using two conventional models: ray tracing method and two-dimensional linear shallow-water model. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with available data of the tsunami registration.

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Gabrielson, Thomas B. "Krakatoa and the Royal Society: The Krakatoa Explosion of 1883." Acoustics Today 6, no. 2 (2010): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3467643.

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Honings, Rick. "KRAKATAU ON FIRE, THE DISASTER OF 1883 IN DUTCH COLONIAL LITERATURE: A POSTCOLONIAL APPROACH." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 10, no. 3 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v10i3.433.

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In 1883, the volcano Krakatau erupted and collapsed, causing the deaths of tens of thousands. The eruption was one of the first disasters to take place beyond the Dutch boundaries that received so much attention in the Netherlands. Although the disaster appealed to the imagination, it barely led to the publication of fiction. Only in Dutch Indies youth literature can one find something about the Krakatau. In this article, four Dutch stories and novels are analysed: “Stories of the moon” by Nellie van Kol-Porreij, The hermit of Rakata or Krakatau on fire by Robert Michael Ballantyne, “Nine Months on Krakatau” by B.L. Kailola and Escaped from the jaws of death: The Krakatau tragedy by Rick Blekkink. These sources are analysed from a postcolonial perspective focusing on unequal power relations. Focal points are the representation of the Indies and the indigenous people of the colony. This article illustrates the continuities and shifts in the representations over de course of time (1886-2014).

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Putra, Rediyanto, Sumadi Sumadi, Rahma Rina Wijayanti, Berlina Yudha Pratiwi, and Oryza Ardhiarisca. "Rhetoric in sustainability report at PT Krakatau Steel Indonesia." Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura 21, no. 3 (2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v21i3.1234.

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This research was motivated by the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities at PT. Krakatau Steel, having suffered losses for five consecutive years. The objective of this study is to understand and prove the use of rhetorical communication techniques in the sustainability report by PT Krakatau Steel (public limited company). The data were taken from the sustainability report of PT Krakatau Steel from 2012 until 2016. This research uses qualitative approach with interpretive method. The analysis was done by means of a semiotic analysis of Charles Sanders Pierce. The result of semiotics studies, on the sustainability report of PT Krakatau Steel in 2012 until 2016 successfully proves that sustainability report is made as the company's rhetorical story. Rhetorical story on sustainability report of PT Krakatau Steel from 2012 to 2016 is structured for the purpose of three main objectives: (1) obtaining a form of recognition of legitimacy from external parties, (2) creating a positive image of the company conveyed to external parties, and (3) negative image disappearance

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Putra, Singgih Afifa, Ario Damar, and Agustinus M. Samosir. "Colonization of Coral Communities in the Krakatau Islands Strict Marine Nature Reserve, Indonesia (Kolonisasi Komunitas Karang di Kepulanan Krakatau)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 19, no. 2 (2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.19.2.63-74.

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Pulau-pulau Krakatau memiliki dinamika secara geomorfologi, dan berbagai perubahan fisik yang berlangsung memberikan dampak terhadap biota, termasuk pada proses dan tingkat pergantian suksesi komunitasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan kondisi terkini dan proses kolonisasi komunitas karang, termasuk status kerusakan komunitas karang dan disturbansi lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya. Line intercept transect dilakukan di enam stasiun pada dua kedalaman yang berbeda yakni 5 dan 10m. Sedangkan observasi terhadap komunitas koral dilakukan dengan perekaman video. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suksesi atau perkembangan komunitas (i.e. kolonisasi) karang yang dijumpai di Pulau Anak Krakatau masih mengindikasikan tahap awal kolonisasi, berbeda dengan komunitas karang yang dijumpai di Pulau Rakata dan Panjang. Diversifikasi komunitas karang di kedua pulau tersebut, menunjukkan dominansi spesies oportunis dan pioner (i.e. Pocillopora dan Seriatopora) yang umum dijumpai di Anak Krakatau sudah tergantikan. Dominansi dari beberapa spesies karang telah mengindikasikan terjadinya proses eksklusi kompetitif di antara komunitas karang. Tiga tipe komunitas karang yang dijumpai dapat dibedakan menurut karakteristik masing-masing kawasan, yaitu komunitas kawasan terpapar, semi terpapar/terlindung, dan terlindung. Kerusakan komunitas karang di Krakatau berdasarkan kriteria indeks kerusakan karang (CDI) sudah termasuk kedalam kategori wilayah “hot spot”, dimana sangat memerlukan perhatian, pengawasan, pengamatan atau restorasi komunitas karang. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa terjadinya kolonisasi dan tingkat kerusakan komunitas karang perlu menjadi acuan dalam pengelolaan kawasan terumbu karang di Cagar Alam Laut Krakatau. Kata kunci: kolonisasi, suksesi; komunitas karang; pengelolaan; Krakatau Krakatau Islands diversity is geomorphologically dynamic, and these physical changes influence on organisms including community successional. The purposes of this research were to determine the condition and describe the recent colonization development of coral communities in the Krakatau Islands after sterilization. Transects were done at six stations at two different depth (i.e. 5 and 10 m) using line intercept transect. While observations of coral communities were done with video transect. This study showed that succession or development of coral communities (i.e. colonization) that found in Anak Krakatau indicated earlier stage of colonization. It has different coral communities compared with those that found in Rakata and Panjang island. The diversification of coral communities on both islands, showed that opportunistic and pioneer species (i.e. Pocillopora and Seriatopora) that generally found in Anak Krakatau has been replaced. There are indications of dominance may already take place through competitive exclusion in the coral communities. Three community types were distinguished based on characteristics for each sites, as follows: communities of wave-exposed habitats, communities of semi- exposed to sheltered habitats, and communities of sheltered habitats. The extent of coral damage covered all six sites based on coral damage index (CDI). This suggests that of the all transects were "hot spots'' that required management action. These results indicate that colonization and the level of coral damage have to be taken into account on the manegement of coral ecosystem in the region. Keywords: colonization; succession; coral communities; management; Krakatau

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Simanjuntak, Eduardo Meyrianso, Juventus Welly Radianta Ginting, and Ida Ayu Irawati Diah Ratna Putra. "WAVE FORCE OF TSUNAMI KRAKATAU 1883 ON THE OUTER SEA DIKE IN JAKARTA BAY." JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK 11, no. 2 (2020): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jth.v11i2.639.

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Volcanic activity of Mount Anak Krakatau has been increased in the recent years. One of the consequences was Tsunami Sunda Strait in 2018. This heightened the awareness of the potential impact of a tsunami induced by Anak Krakatau for the construction of NCICD Project. This research is aimed to calculate the potential impact in the terms of wave force. Tsunami Krakatau 1883 was used as reference for two reasons. First, the comprehensive research has been conducted for this event. Second, the magnitude of Mount Anak Krakatau-induced tsunami will not be higher than that of Tsunami Krakatau 1883. Non shallow water equation-based numerical model is applied to simulate the tsunami. Time series from the model result is extracted as an input to calculate the wave force. There are four different method used such as Rule of Thumb, Linear Theory, Sainflou Method and Goda Method. The results show that the tsunami will hit the outer sea dike with a minimal force of 100 kN and a maximum force of 400 kN. OSD1-A is the safest sea dike since the tsunami only will hit the structure with a half force.

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Dobosiewicz, Ilona. "“The wrathful sunset glared…”: The Krakatoa Sunsets in Victorian Science and Art." Anglica Wratislaviensia 58 (November 13, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.58.1.

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The eruption of Krakatoa on August 27, 1883 was an event both tragic and spectacular. Thousands of lives were lost; sea waves and atmospheric disturbances were detected around the globe. Billions of tons of volcanic ash were thrown into the atmosphere producing multi-coloured sunsets caused by the scattering of light by aerosol particles. The paper discusses the ways in which these so-called Krakatoa sunsets, which were experienced by most of the world, were reflected in Victorian scientific and artistic discourse. The accounts included in the section “Descriptions of the Unusual Twilight Glows in Various Parts of the World, in 1883–84” of the Royal Society report The Eruption of Krakatoa and Subsequent Phenomena (1888), and selected poems by Alfred Tennyson, Charles Algernon Swinburne, Robert Bridges, and Mathilde Blind are analyzed to trace Victorian responses to the remarkable optical effects of the Krakatoa eruption.

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Marpaung, Fredric Mangatur Haulian. "Dampak Perilaku Oportunistik Manajerial dan CorporateGovernance Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen." Jurnal IPTEK 3, no. 1 (2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31543/jii.v3i1.143.

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PT. Krakatau Steel, Tbk., perusahaan terbesar di Asia Tenggara, dan salah satu kontributor pendapatan untuk Indonesia dari 80% keuntungan penjualan mereka. Tapi dari tahun 2012 sampai 2014 penjualan mereka akan menurun disebabkan banyak faktor. Dan akan membuat pendapatan perusahaan juga turun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perilaku manajerial oportunistik dan corporategovernance terhadap kebijakan dividen pada PT. Krakatau Steel, Tbk. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda. dampak kepemilikan institusional, dewan komisaris independen, jumlah komisaris, dan perilaku manajerial oportunistik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen PT. Krakatau Steel, Tbk. sebesar 72,4%.Â Kata kunci: kepemilikan institusional, dewan direksi independen, jumlah komisaris, perilaku manajerial oportunistik, nilai perusahaan.

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Afandi, Afandi, and Iroh Rahmawati. "ANALISIS PENGARUH EFISIENSI MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PT. KRAKATAU STEEL, TBK." Progress: Jurnal Pendidikan, Akuntansi dan Keuangan 3, no. 1 (2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/progress.v3i1.763.

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This study aims to find out how the Efficiency Analysis of Working Capital Against Profitability at PT. Krakatau Steel,Tbk.This study uses a quantirative method. The population in this study is te overall financial statements of PT. Krakatau Steel, Tbk in the year (2014-2017), while the sample in this study is the balance sheet and income statement for the year (2014-2017). The technique of data collection is done by documentation and library techniques. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that working capital has no significant effect on profitability at PT. Krakatau Steel, Tbk.

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Case, T. J. "Post-Eruption Ecology: Krakatau." Science 274, no. 5291 (1996): 1320a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5291.1320a.

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Thornton, I. W. B., S. A. Ward, R. A. Zann, and T. R. New. "The Anak Krakatau question." GeoJournal 29, no. 4 (1993): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00807546.

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Abdullah, Taufik, and Kiki Pebriyanti. "PENGARUH PROGRAM GREEN HOTEL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGINAP TAMU DI THE ROYALE KRAKATAU HOTEL CILEGON BANTEN." Journal : Tourism and Hospitality Essentials Journal 6, no. 1 (2016): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/thej.v6i1.2013.

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Tourism is an industry that is considered promising is helping the economy and prosperity of a country. There are many things that support tourism, a sector that is important in the means of accomodation. There are several accomodation facilities such as travel agent, hotels and restaurants. Hotel is one property which is important for travelers to stay. Nowdays, competition among hotel industries is very high. There are a lot of hotel that have proven strategies in marketing their hotels. The Royale Krakatau is one of hotels which located in Cilegon, Banten area. The royale krakatau hotel is a hotel that has been existing for a long time, was originally only in the form of a guest house, and now it has become a 4 star hotel. Although the royale krakatau hotel has been existing for a long time, the available facilities are not less complete than other hotels. The royale krakatau hotel does various methods to compete than other hotels in order to enhance guest staying decision. One of them is by using green hotel program. Green hotel is a strategy in which the implementation of thie program considers several things such as clean, green, and well-organized environment concept. Green hotel is x variable in this study which consist of recyled materials, recyclable, Low-polluting and energy saving. The depend variable in this study is a decision to stay which consist of product selection, brand selection, visit time, total purchases and payment method. This reserch is descriptive verification, and sampling method is obtained from 100 respondent of FIT guest who stay at The Royale Krakatau Hotel Cilegon. The used technique of data analysis and hypothesis testing is multiple regression analysis. The result showed that the positive influances between hotel program an decison to stay at The Royale Krakatau Hotel Cilegon.

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Adam, Gunawan, and Tukhas Shilul Imaroh. "COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS INVENTORY CONTROL OF EOQ METHOD WITH COMPANY METHOD IN STEEL MATERIAL FABRICATION KRAKATAU POSCO." Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science 1, no. 2 (2019): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v1i2.65.

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PT. Krakatau Posco, is the largest steel manufacturing company in Southeast Asia that produces slabs and plates. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of controlling inventory of steel material fabrication workshop with the EOQ method and compared with the current method of the company in an effort to prevent the unavailability of such steel material fabrication. Inventory control using the EOQ method is expected to provide solutions for inventory control, and optimal ordering in order to obtain savings for inventory costs (Total Inventory Cost) at PT. Krakatau Posco. The method used is an interview and take the necessary data, then conduct an initial analysis using the ABC method to clarify the data that has been carried out at PT. Krakatau Posco, controls inventory using EOQ, determines safety stock, ROP and maximum inventory. By controlling the ordering and inventory also expected to provide significant savings for the company, by reducing inventory costs (Total Inventory Cost). The conclusion of this research is the EOQ method is the right method for controlling steel raw material fabrication to meet the production and repair processes at PT. Krakatau Posco and with this method the results of total inventory costs are also more efficient.

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Turner, Bryan. "The colonisation of Anak Krakatau: interactions between wild sugar cane, Saccharum spontaneum, and the antlion, Myrmeleon frontalis." Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, no. 4 (1992): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006763.

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ABSTRACTThe volcanic island of Anak Krakatau emerged from the sea in 1930. The antlion Myrmeleon frontalis has only become established on Anak Krakatau within the last five years, despite having been present on the other Krakatau Islands for at least 50 years.The appearance of the antlions on Anak Krakatau seems to have coincided with the construction of a shelter hut in 1986 which provides a suitable under-floor habitat of dry dusty soil for the larvae to construct their pits. From the hut site they have extended into sub-optimal locations around the bases of clumps of wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, on the adjacent lower slopes of the outer cone ash fields.The soil around the Saccharum chimps is variable. Fine deposits are suitable for antlion larvae, more gravelly soils are not. The antlion larvae inhabiting the Saccharum clumps are disturbed by rain which destroys their pits.These two habitats, the hut and Saccharum sites, are the only places on the island that are occupied by the antlion larvae. They have quite different micro-climates so that the two populations are out of synchrony with each other.

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Pribadi, Muhammad Luhung, and Benny Herlena. "Peran Budaya Organisasi terhadap Disiplin Kerja Karyawan Direktorat Produksi PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk Cilegon." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 3, no. 2 (2016): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v3i2.1112.

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This research aims to study the effect of organizational culture toward employee work discipline at Directorate Production PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk Cilegon. The subjects of this research are 115 employees from several divisions at Directorate Production of PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk Cilegon. The data were collected through cluster sampling technique. Instrument used are organizational culture scale, and work discipline scale. Data were analized using correlational test regression analysis technique. The result show that there is significant correlation of organizational culture for employee work discipline at Directorate Production PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk Cilegon. It is shown by correlation coefficient of regression analysis as R=0,534, with effective contribution R square (R2)= 0,285 or 28,5%, and significance level p = 0,000. Thus, it proves the hypothesis in this research is accepted.

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Widiharti, Lisa. "Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Krakatau Medika Cilegon." Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi 2, no. 3 (2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35697/jrbi.v2i3.94.

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Job satisfaction can improve durability individuals to stress and impacts of stress and on the other hand, stress that perceived by an individual can be a source of discontent. This research aims to know the influence of work stress of job satisfaction of nurses in internist room of Krakatau Medika Hospital Cilegon. Research method the used is the descriptive method to 215 nurses who have experienced nurses' room of Krakatau Medika Hospital Cilegon. While to test the research hypothesis, the authorize a simple regresion analysis method with the help of software SPSS 20. The results showed job stress in nurses in the inpatient unit Krakatau Medika Hospital in the moderate category is 2.88 and the job satisfaction of nurses are in a high category. Work stress experienced by nurses at Krakatau Medika Hospital has a positive effect on job satisfaction, so the impact of positive stress is used as a motivational well as improved performance. The results of correlation calculations, the independent variables on satisfaction positive relationships with low classification, the amount of work stress on job satisfaction, which is 12.4% and the remaining 87.6% influenced by other factors not described in this study, other factors such as remuneration, staffing, work environment, leadership style, and so on.

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GREENSLADE, PENELOPE. "Correction to the identification of a pioneer species of Collembola found on Anak Krakatau in 1931." Zootaxa 1846, no. 1 (2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1846.1.6.

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The first species of Collembola to be recorded from Anak Krakatau Island in Indonesia was Lepidosira calolepis (Börner, 1913). It was listed as Mesira calolepis by Womersley (1932) and was said to be abundant at the time of collection on the island. This small island was produced in 1929 in the Krakatau Archipelago by volcanic activity some three miles from Krakatau itself (Bristowe 1931). The type species of Mesira Shcherbakov, M. squamoornata, was found to belong to the genus Seira Lubbock (Gisin 1960). As M. calolepis had a two-toothed mucro, it could not belong to Seira and instead was found to belong to the genus Lepidosira Schött because of its mucro, type of scales and other characters. It is now referred to as Lepidosira (Nusasira) calolepis (Börner). This species is fairly common on Irian Jaya, Java and Sumatra (Yoshii and Suhardjoni 1989).

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Bush, Mark B., and Robert J. Whittaker. "Krakatau: Colonization Patterns and Hierarchies." Journal of Biogeography 18, no. 3 (1991): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845404.

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Roberts, William Clifford. "Krakatoa—the ultimate heart attack." American Journal of Cardiology 92, no. 9 (2003): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.07.019.

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Suwarsono, NFn, Indah Prasasti, Jalu Tejo Nugroho, Jansen Sitorus, and Djoko Triyono. "DETECTING THE LAVA FLOW DEPOSITS FROM 2018 ANAK KRAKATAU ERUPTION USING DATA FUSION LANDSAT-8 OPTIC AND SENTINEL-1 SAR." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 15, no. 2 (2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2018.v15.a3078.

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The increasing volcanic activity of Anak Krakatau volcano has raised concerns about a major disaster in the area around the Sunda Strait. The objective of the research is to fuse Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and Sentinel-1 TOPS (Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans), an integration of SAR and optic remote sensing data, in observing the lava flow deposits resulted from Anak Krakatau eruption during the middle 2018 eruption. RGBI and the Brovey transformation were conducted to merge (fuse) the optical and SAR data. The results showed that optical and SAR data fusion sharpened the appearance of volcano morphology and lava flow deposits. The regions are often constrained by cloud cover and volcanic ash, which occurs at the time of the volcanic eruption. The RGBI-VV and Brovey RGB-VV methods provide better display quality results in revealing the morphology of volcanic cone and lava deposits. The entire slopes of Anak Krakatau Volcano, with a radius of about 1 km from the crater is an area prone to incandescent lava and pyroclastic falls. The direction of the lava flow has the potential to spread in all directions. The fusion method of optical Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 SAR data can be used continuously in monitoring the activity of Anak Krakatau volcano and other volcanoes in Indonesia both in cloudy and clear weather conditions.

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Permata, Endi, and Dimas Aditama. "Sistem Kendali On/Off Circuit Breaker 150 kV AD20 Tipe 8DN2 di PT. Krakatau Daya Listrik." Energi & Kelistrikan 12, no. 1 (2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v12i1.920.

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In the transmission and distribution system at PT. Krakatau Daya Listrik there is a security system created. In this case Circuit Breaker (CB), which is a security installation of the electricity network. CB that is used is GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) type where CB uses SF6 gas (Sulfurhexaflouride) as an insulating medium to extinguish the arc. This research itself aims to understand how the 150 kV GIS AD20 On / Off Circuit Breaker process control system at PT. Krakatau Daya Listrik and how the work processes, instrumentation, advantages and disadvantages and maintenance of the 150 kV GIS AD20 Circuit Breaker at PT. Krakatau Electric Power. Using research methods directly in the field with interviews and analysis. The results of this study are in the form of an understanding of CB operating systems that can be turned on both locally and via remote control and also the results of routine CB maintenance as an indication of the appropriateness of the equipment for operation so that from the associated analysis can be known the strengths and weaknesses of the device, especially the circuit breaker type GIS.

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Faradila, Deas, and Suryaman Suryaman. "Pengaruh Kompensasi, Budaya Organisasi dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Turnover Intention pada Karyawan PT. Krakatau Poschem Dongshu Chemical." Jurnal Inovasi dan Kreativitas (JIKa) 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jika.v1i1.3282.

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Masalah: Proses kompensasi, budaya organisasi dan komitmen organisasi memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk merealisasikan tujuan perusahaan yang didukung sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Berdasarkan observasi awal pada PT Krakatau Poschem Dongshu Chemical turnover intention saat ini pada kondisi tinggi karena nilai rata-rata baru mencapai 36,3 diatas standar skor 35. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi, budaya organisasi dan komitmen organisasi terhadap turnover intention pada karyawan PT Krakatau Poschem Dongshu Chemical Kota Cilegon. Metodologi: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif berjenis deskriptif dan asosiatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 s.d Juni 2019. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 45 karyawan KPDC, sampel sebanyak 45 orang dengan menggunakan sampling jenuh, Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian dan diolah menggunakan SPSS statistic versi 24.0O. Temuan/Hasil Penelitian: Kompensasi, budaya organisasi dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap turnover intention baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama pada PT Krakatau Poschem Dongshu Chemical Kota Cilegon. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan kedisiplinan karyawan dapat ditingkatkan terutama melalui budaya organisasi dengan dimensi pola komunikasi yang dibatasi pada kewenangan hierarki formal. Jenis penelitian: Riset lapangan

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Muwarni, Sri. "Analysis of Heavy Metals in Coral Fish Species in Sea Natural Reserves of Krakatau Islands." International Journal of Ecophysiology 1, no. 2 (2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijoep.v1i2.1273.

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Krakatau Islands is an area of Nature Reserve and Marine Nature Reserve which has volcanic activity, because of the existence of Gunung Anak Krakatau which is active every year. Volcanic ash erupted contains potentially hazardous chemicals in the form of heavy metals. Heavy metals that enter into waters at a certain level can cause pollution which endangers the lives of biota and disrupt other natural resources in marine ecosystems. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, and Ag in reef fish species in the Krakatau Islands. Fish sampling was carried out at three points, namely Anak Krakatau Island, Panjang Island and Rakata Island. The number of individuals obtained was 9 individuals consisting of 5 families, 5 genera and 7 species. Samples of Coral fish were analyzed using Inducible Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES - ThermoFishers Scientific). The Pb concentrations in P. vittatus, S. virgatus, S. schlegeli and A. xanthopper have exceeded the quality standard values set by FAO. The highest concentration of Ni metal is found in P. vittatus and Cd in all reef fish species that have exceeded the quality standard. Excepted for S.virgatus, Co in all species is above the quality standard value of 0.1 mg/kg. Meanwhile, for all species obtained the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe and Zn did not exceed the standard quality values. The type of metal contained in Z. cornutus, the highest is Fe with a value of 14,427 mg/kg and the lowest is Co with a value of 0.099 mg /kg.

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Rikha, A. S., E. L. Widiastuti, N. Nurcahyani, and M. Kanedi. "RECENT BIODIVERSITY IN ANAK KRAKATAU ISLAND." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (2015): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.151.

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Anak Krakatau Island is a volcanic island in the Krakatau preservation complex. With its regular explosions, ranging from2 80 times/day in the year 2013, it was expected that the biodiversity would experience many changes. In orderto determine the recent condition of the biodiversity, especially animal inhabitants, a survey was conducted within the island in June, 2013. The survey was made for mammal, bird, reptile, and invertebrate(ground, aerial, and arboreal) diversity. For mammals, 10 live traps were used along 100 m of line transect, birds and reptiles were adopted faced encountered method, while the invertebrate survey was conducted with visual techniques with a sweep net, pit-fall traps, and light traps. The result from the inventory (especially invertebrate) was followed by determining the diversity and dominance of species. Relative abundancewas also determined for mammals only. The survey indicated that there was 1 species of mammal with 20% of relativeabundance, 13 species of birds within 11 families, 2 species of reptiles, 58 species of insect, and 10 species of non-insect invertebrates, which consisted of 6 species of Araneae, 2 species of Scorpiones, 2 species of Chilopoda. The diversity indexfor insects was 4.011 with Bothriamyrmex sp. as subdominantin which its index of 2.86, and index for non-insects was 2.079. The result also was compared with the other 3 islands of the Krakatau complex and data collected in the last 10 years. Keywords: Anak Krakatau, volcanic, biodiversity

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Hoffman-Rothe, Arne, Malte Ibs-von Seht, Rudolf Knieβ, et al. "Monitoring Anak Krakatau Volcano in Indonesia." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 87, no. 51 (2006): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006eo510002.

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Dörries, Matthias. "Global science: the eruption of Krakatau." Endeavour 27, no. 3 (2003): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(03)00107-8.

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Esteban, Miguel, Hendra AchiariTomoyuki Takabatake, Ryota Nakamura, et al. "FIELD SURVEY OF 2018 KRAKATAU TSUNAMI." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.6.

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At 21:30 local time (UTC+7h) on the 22nd of December 2018 the shorelines of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, were flooded by tsunami waves. As a result there was widespread destruction and there were 437 casualties, 31,943 injuries, 10 still missing and over 16,000 people displaced (as of the 14th January 2019 National Disaster Management Agency (BNBP), 2019). The tsunami was caused by the flank collapse of the Anak Krakatau volcano (Robertson et al. 2018), located roughly at the centre of the Sunda Strait, which separates eastern Sumatra and western Java islands. Takabatake et al. (2019) performed a field survey of the affected areas. The survey results showed that inundation heights were more than 4 m high along the coastline of Sumatra island (situated to the north-north-east of Anak Krakatau), while less than 4 m were measured along the north-western direction. In Java island Inundation heights of over 10 m were measured at Cipenyu Beach (south-south-eastern direction from Anak Krakatau). However, at the time it was not possible to survey the actual vicinity of Anak Krakatau.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/d6hOT352fj4

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Aritonang, Sovian, Jupriyanto Jupriyanto, and Riyadi Juhana. "ANALISIS PROSES PENGOLAHAN PASIR BESI MENJADI BESI SPONS DALAM RANGKA MENDUKUNG INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN BAHAN BAKU BAJA." Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara 9, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v9i1.496.

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Jumlah cadangan pasir besi sebagian besar tersebar di wilayah pesisir perairan Indonesia,dari pesisir sebelah barat Sumatera, pesisir pantai selatan Jawa juga Bali, pesisir Sulawesi, pesisir Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), serta pesisir Papua. Jumlah cadangan keseluruhan untuk bijih sebanyak 173.810.612 ton dan logam sebanyak 25.412.652,62 ton. Tetapi pemanfaatannya belum optimal,karena PT. Krakatau Steel, dan PT. Krakatau Posco baru memproduksi plat baja sebanyak 24.000 sampai dengan 36.000 ton per tahun. Sedangkan kebutuhan plat baja untuk industri perkapalan tiap tahunnya dibutuhkan 900.000 ton per tahun. Dengan kebutuhan bahan baku plat baja berupa besi spons dengan Fe ≥ 60%, PT. Krakatau Steel masih mengimpor dari luar negeri. Buktinya, PT. Krakatau Steel sebelum dan selama tahun 2000-an masih mengimpor Pellet Bijih Besi dari negara Swedia, Chilli, dan Brazil sebesar 3.500.000 ton per tahun. Kondisi ini merupakan penyebab industri baja nasional tidak bisa bersaing dengan industri baja luar negeri, karena bahan baku yang diimpor dikenakan bea masuk. Ini peluang untuk membangun perusahaan bahan baku baja, karena selama ini industri bahan baku baja di Indonesia hanya ada dua perusahaan. Kondisi ini mendorong dilakukannya pembuatan besi spons, dengan proses pembuatan besi spons dengan teknologi yang disesuaikan dengan kapasitas produksi terpasang. Penelitian ini menganalisis pembuatan besi spons dengan menggunakan pasir besi Cipatujah, sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan besi spons, dengan hasil yang didapat berupa besi spons dengan kadar tertingginya Fe ≥60,44%. Ini dapat dipakai untuk keperluan bahan baku pembuatan baja PT. Krakatau Steel (PT. KS), karena selama ini PT. KS mengklaim bahwa produk besi spons lokal Fe<60%. Ini dapat mendorong kemandirian bahan baku baja, yang dampak pada kemandirian industri pertahanan.Tetapi pemerintah juga harus melakukan proteksi dan memprioritaskan bahan baku baja produksi nasional untuk produksi baja nasional. Dengan jalan industri baja nasional milik pemerintah membina konsorsium vendor pemasok bahan baku (besi spoin) agar kualitas dan pasokan besi spons berkesinambungan.Kata Kunci: pasir besi, pellet besi, besi spons

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"Antibiotic-resistance patterns of soil bacteria (Gram-negative rods) from the Krakatau Islands (Rakata) and West Java, Indonesia, in 1984." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 322, no. 1211 (1988): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1988.0127.

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The explosive eruption of the Indonesian island of Krakatau (Krakatoa) in 1883 almost certainly led to the total destruction of the fauna, flora and microorganisms of the three remaining islands, Rakata (Rakata Besar), Sertung and Panjang (Rakata Kecil). The Ujung Kulon peninsula of Java, 100 km to the south, was much less affected by the volcanic activity. Soil bacteria (Gram-negative rods, GNR) from Rakata (the post-1883 remnant of Krakatau) and the Ujung Kulon peninsula of Java were examined for their antibiotic-resistance patterns. A total of 27 patterns (‘resistotypes’) was detected, based on resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, gentamicin, cephalothin and tetracycline. Nine resistotypes were common to Rakata and Java, eleven exclusive to Rakata, and seven exclusive to Java. Two of the common resistotypes (f and z) were widely distributed but most were limited in their distribution and detected at only one site. On both Java and Rakata different resistotypes were detected at different altitudes. Effective colonization of Rakata by GNR has occurred in the 101 years since its sterilization. Seeding of the upper slopes and summit of Rakata with biotypes from mountain areas in Java appears to have occurred. In addition, apparently independent evolution of GNR has occurred on Rakata. Overall, the GNR detected on the uninhabited and previously sterilized island of Rakata were resistant to as wide a range of antibiotics as were those from nearby Java.

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Izumi Yokoyama. "Krakatau caldera deposits: revisited and verification by geophysical means." Annals of Geophysics 57, no. 5 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-6404.

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One of the differences between volcanic craters and calderas is that the latter bottoms are flatways filled with caldera deposit with lower density in comparison to country rocks. The 1883 Krakatau eruption affords us important knowledge on caldera formation even if it was not observed with modern sophisticated instruments. First, volcanic activities of the Krakatau Islands before and after the 1883 eruption are reexamined: previous suppositions involving a caldera-forming eruption of the proto-Krakatau prior to 1883 proved to be unsupported by the bathymetric topographies and gravity anomalies on and around the Krakatau Islands. Then, Anak Krakatau is interpreted as a parasitic cone of the main Krakatau volcano. As supplementary knowledge to discussion of caldera deposits, the results of drillings at several calderas in Japan and Mexico are introduced. Mass deficiency of the caldera deposit at Krakatau caldera is estimated by the gravity anomaly observed there and converted to probable volume with suitable density. For quantitative examination of the subsurface structure beneath the Krakatau complex, spatial distributions of seismic S-wave attenuation and Vp/Vs ratios have been already studied by temporary seismological observations and their results have been published. The high ratios of Vp/Vs observed approximately at Krakatau caldera may be attributable to the caldera deposit that is low density and contain much water. As additional remarks, a zone having both the characters, S-wave attenuation and zones of relatively high Vp/Vs ratio, may be a probable magma reservoir centering at a depth of about 10 km.

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"The colonization of the Krakatau Islands by fig wasps and other chalcids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 322, no. 1211 (1988): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1988.0138.

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This paper describes aspects of the chalcid fauna of the Krakatau Islands in relation to recolonization and floral succession. Chalcids of the family Agaonidae (fig wasps) are the obligate pollinators of fig trees ( Ficus spp.). The years 1984-86 appear to have spanned a critical period in the colonization of Anak Krakatau by Ficus and its associated animals. Within this period, flowering and successful pollination have taken place for the first time and the diversity of fruit-eating vertebrates has multiplied. The chalcids present on Anak Krakatau were compared with those found on other islands in the group. The chalcid fauna of Anak Krakatau had most in common with that of the spit area of northern Sertung, with which it shares a Casuarina -dominated vegetation. Comparisons between chalcids collected by similar methods on the Krakatau Islands and in tropical West Africa indicated that at the family level the faunas are remarkably similar.

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"Recolonization of the Krakatau Islands and adjacent areas of West Java, Indonesia, by bats (Chiroptera) 1883-1986." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 328, no. 1245 (1990): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1990.0111.

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Since the cataclysmic eruption of 1883, 25 species of bats, of which 11 are pteropodids, have recolonized the Krakatau Islands and adjacent areas of West Java, Indonesia. Sixteen have been recorded on the Krakatau Islands. Documentation of the recolonization process has been sporadic, and almost certainly incomplete, but it is apparent that pteropodids have been the first bat colonists of the Krakatau archipelago. On the main island of Rakata, and on the more recently formed island of Anak Krakatau, Cynopterus sphinx had established itself about 20-30 years after the cessation of major eruptive activity. Movements of pteropodids between the islands and the mainland are of clear importance in the reestablishment of vegetation. Microchiropterans have been recent arrivals, probably recolonizing Rakata between 50 and 70 years after the 1883 eruption, but they were still absent from Anak in 1986.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 17, no. 10 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199210-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 17, no. 11 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199211-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 18, no. 1 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199301-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 18, no. 5 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199305-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 18, no. 7 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199307-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 18, no. 10 (1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199310-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 19, no. 4 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199404-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 19, no. 7 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199407-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 19, no. 12 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199412-262000.

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"Report on Krakatau (Indonesia)." Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network 20, no. 6 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.bgvn199506-262000.

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