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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Land-to-sea interface“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Land-to-sea interface"
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Zaucha, Jacek, und Joanna Pardus. „Editorial: Sea dragons“. Europa XXI 36 (2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.36.1.
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This Editorial provides a framework for the entire volume of Europa XXI devoted to spatial development at sea and at the land-sea interface. It explains why conscious management of marine space is necessary, the benefits that it might provide, and the governance regimes that can be used. It discusses and compares maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management as means of securing spatial order at sea and at the land-sea interface. Finally, it links together the remaining articles by explaining their added value in relation to one another; and their mutual relations.
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Wang, Bing Liang, und Guo Sheng Li. „Influence of the Sea-Land Interface Moisture Flux on Reference Evapotranspiration in Liaohe Delta, Northeast China“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2238.
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This study investigates the association between the sea-land interface moisture flux and reference evapotranspiration during 1971-2010 in Liaohe Delta, Northeast China, which moisture flux is derived from NCAR/NCEP reanalysis I data and reference evapotranspiration is calculated by Penman-Monteith equation. The result shows that the sea-land interface moisture flux presents a seasonal variation with the highest value in summer and the lowest value in winter. The sea-land interface moisture flux and reference evapotranspiration show significantly positive correlation in spring and autumn and significantly negative correlation in summer. Consistent with the past field experiments, the sea-land moisture flux suppresses reference evapotranspiration in summer. The positive correlation reveals that the sea-land moisture flux, especially in surface sublayer, facilitates reference evapotranspiration in spring and autumn. Regressions analysis demonstrate that reference evapotranspiration increases when moisture flux of surface-to-850-hPasublayer increases until reaches the threshold (67-75kg/ms), and the opposite trend appears when moisture flux exceeds the threshold.
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Gramling, C. M., D. C. McCorkle, A. E. Mulligan und T. L. Woods. „A carbon isotope method to quantify groundwater discharge at the land-sea interface“. Limnology and Oceanography 48, Nr. 3 (Mai 2003): 957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.0957.
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Chai, Shui-Rong, Fang-Yin Zhu, Juan Li, Zhen-Xiang He, Yu-Feng Zou, Yi-Wen Wei, Ke Li, Li-Xin Guo und Long Li. „Electromagnetic Scattering and Doppler Spectrum Simulation of Land–Sea Junction Composite Rough Surface“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 3 (02.02.2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030836.
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In this paper, a weighted arctangent function is used in conjunction with the spectral method to generate a land–sea junction composite rough surface under the spatially homogeneous and time-stationary hypotheses. The exponential correlation function and the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum, combined with an experiment-verified shoaling coefficient, are applied to model the land surfaces and the time-varying sea surfaces separately. The second-order small slope approximation (SSA-II) with tapered wave incidence is utilized for evaluating the electromagnetic scattering characteristics and Doppler characteristics of the generated composite rough surface. The influence of land–sea interface factors on radar cross-section (RCS) and Doppler shift of radar echoes is investigated in detail by comparing the RCS and Doppler spectra of the land–sea junction composite rough surfaces with those of finite-depth sea surfaces. It can be found that the Doppler spectra of the land–sea junction composite rough surface is narrower than that of the finite-depth sea surface under upwind directions and wider than that of the finite-depth sea surface under crosswind directions.
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Winder, Monika, Jacob Carstensen, Aaron W. E. Galloway, Hans H. Jakobsen und James E. Cloern. „The land-sea interface: A source of high-quality phytoplankton to support secondary production“. Limnology and Oceanography 62, S1 (15.09.2017): S258—S271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10650.
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Barceló, Matías, Cristian A. Vargas und Stefan Gelcich. „Land–Sea Interactions and Ecosystem Services: Research Gaps and Future Challenges“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 10 (16.05.2023): 8068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108068.
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The land–sea interface is essential for understanding the interconnectedness of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and provides ecosystem services to people. Although research has been conducted on both ecosystems, knowledge about their interactions remains limited. While there has been growing research interest on land–sea interactions over the last decade, other types of knowledge system such as local or indigenous knowledge have not yet been included. The goal of this study is to review the literature related to land–sea interactions using an ecosystem services framework to help classify existing research. A systematic review of the literature was employed by searching peer-reviewed publications in Web of Science using land–sea interaction keywords. The synthesis identified 166 publications. The findings indicate that the primary disciplines that have investigated land–sea interactions were biogeochemistry and ecology, with a focus on nutrients and interactions. In terms of ecosystem services, supporting and regulating services were the most researched, with urbanization and agricultural and forestry effluents as main studied drivers. Results reveal a need for a more comprehensive view of land–sea interactions that recognizes the critical role that social factors play in shaping the sustainability of these systems. Therefore, a future challenge involves using a more holistic approach to the study and management of land–sea interactions.
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Schumacher, Johanna, Sabine Lange, Felix Müller und Gerald Schernewski. „Assessment of Ecosystem Services across the Land–Sea Interface in Baltic Case Studies“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 24 (12.12.2021): 11799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411799.
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Spatial assessments of ecosystem services (ES) are needed to fulfil EU policy requirements and to support practical applications of the ES concept in policy implementation. So far, ES assessments have largely focused on terrestrial systems. A joint approach for land and sea is especially lacking. To overcome this gap, we present a novel spatial habitat typology and ES classification for an assessment across the land–sea interface. We build upon existing approaches and common spatial definitions, like CORINE land cover (CLC) types, water bodies of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), and habitat types according to the Habitats Directive (HD). We show applications of the resulting ES matrix for an expert-based assessment of ES potentials in three Baltic study sites (Schlei, Greifswald Bay and Curonian Lagoon). A complementary indicator-based approach to assess ES flows is introduced and applied. It enables a quantification of ES potentials and flows and ensures comparability among case study sites. Comparisons between the results for ES potentials and flows show that development capacities exist in particular for provisioning ES for marine habitats. Our approaches are spatially expandable and transferrable and could be applied to support environmental policy implementation. Further, we discuss their practical relevance, current limitations, and future research perspectives.
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Rahlff, Janina, Helge-Ansgar Giebel, Christian Stolle, Oliver Wurl, Alexander J. Probst und Daniel P. R. Herlemann. „Overlooked Diversity of Ultramicrobacterial Minorities at the Air-Sea Interface“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 11 (10.11.2020): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111214.
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Members of the Candidate phylum Patescibacteria, also called Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), are described as ultramicrobacteria with limited metabolic capacities. Wide diversity and relative abundances up to 80% in anaerobic habitats, e.g., in groundwater or sediments are characteristic for Candidatus Patescibacteria. However, only few studies exist for marine surface water. Here, we report the presence of 40 patescibacterial candidate clades at air-sea interfaces, including the upper water layer, floating foams and the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a < 1 mm layer at the boundary between ocean and atmosphere. Particle-associated (>3 µm) and free-living (3–0.2 µm) samples were obtained from the Jade Bay, North Sea, and 16S rRNA (gene) amplicons were analyzed. Although the abundance of Cand. Patescibacteria representatives were relatively low (<1.3%), members of Cand. Kaiserbacteria and Cand. Gracilibacteria were found in all samples. This suggests profound aerotolerant capacities of these phylogenetic lineages at the air-sea interface. The presence of ultramicrobacteria in the >3 µm fraction implies adhesion to bigger aggregates, potentially in anoxic niches, and a symbiotic lifestyle. Due to their small sizes, Cand. Patescibacteria likely become aerosolized to the atmosphere and dispersed to land with possible implications for affecting microbial communities and associated processes in these ecosystems.
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Abbot, Dorian S., und Kerry A. Emanuel. „A Tropical and Subtropical Land–Sea–Atmosphere Drought Oscillation Mechanism“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, Nr. 12 (01.12.2007): 4458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2186.1.
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Abstract A two-column atmospheric model on a land–sea interface is studied. The model has sophisticated convection, cloud, and radiation schemes, a mixed layer ocean, and a bucket model to simulate land hydrology. A self-sustained oscillation in soil moisture with a period on the order of months is found. This oscillation is strongest when the model is run with parameters chosen to correspond to the arid subtropics. The effect of changing model parameters on the oscillation is explored. The existence and qualitative behavior of the oscillation are relatively robust to changes in model parameters.
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Nugrahaeni, Salsabiila Bayu, Ignasius Loyola Setyawan Purnama und Vincentia Anindha Primacintya. „Evaluation of groundwater usage in relationship to groundwater vulnerability to sea water intrusion in Cilacap Coastal“. E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132508004.
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Besides being able to cause land subsidence, excessive groundwater use in coastal areas can also cause to sea water intrusion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of groundwater in the study area in relation to its vulnerability to sea water intrusion. Because groundwater in the study area is used for domestic, industry and livestock purposes, the water use that is taken into account is the use of water for the three sectors. The amount of water used for domestic purposes is calculated based on the population and the amount of water needed of each person per day. The amount of water use for industry is calculated based on the number of industrial employees and water usage of each employee per day. Water use for livestock is calculated based on the number of livestock and water use of each livestock per day. The results of this water usage calculation are then linked to the criteria for groundwater vulnerability to sea water intrusion and the depth of the interface. Observing the relationship between groundwater usage and the vulnerability of groundwater to sea water intrusion and the depth of its interface, Tegal Kamulyan, Cilacap and Sidakaya villages, all of which are located in South Cilacap District, need attention. The three village are classified as moderate vulnerability to sea water intrusion and shallow interface depth, but their water usage is quite high. For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts to find other water sources for domestic, industry and livestock requirement other than groundwater.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Land-to-sea interface"
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Chaundy, Janet A. „Place identity and the sea : a visual investigation into sea space and the land/sea interface with special reference to Cowes Week“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323969.
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Bertin, Clément. „The role of the Mackenzie River in the carbon biogeochemistry of the Beaufort Sea coastal waters (Arctic Ocean)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS007.
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Cinq des plus grands fleuves mondiaux sont en Arctique et transportent des quantités importantes de carbone dissous organique (COD) et inorganique (CID) dans l’Océan Arctique (OA). La réponse de l’océan côtier à ces apports est encore incertaine, ce qui est un frein à l’estimation des flux air/mer de CO2 dans cette région. Dans un contexte de réchauffement climatique et de changement rapide de l’environnement arctique, il est donc important de mieux comprendre l’effet de ces apports de carbone terrigène sur les flux de CO2 dans les panaches fluviaux. Le modèle couplé océan/glace/biogéochimie ECCO-Darwin est utilisé afin d’étudier la réponse du sud-est de la mer de Beaufort aux apports de carbone dissout du fleuve Mackenzie des échelles synoptiques à interannuelles. Ce modèle régional intègre le tout premier forçage interannuel journalier de COD terrigène provenant du Mackenzie estimé grâce à la fusion de données in situ et de données satellites acquis aux trois embouchures principales du delta. Nous observons que la variabilité interannuelle du débit du Mackenzie module localement les flux air/mer de CO2 dans le panache fluvial côtier. Le CID terrigène contribue deux fois plus que le COD terrigène au dégazage du panache. Avec le dégel du pergélisol, les incertitudes sur la dégradation du COD terrigène dans les panaches fluviaux sont nombreuses. La variabilité des flux air/mer de CO2 liée à la dégradation bactérienne est estimée à ±0.39 TgC yr−1 en 2009. D’autres processus biophysiques contribuent également à cette variabilité comme la floculation du COD terrigène (+0.14 TgC yr−1 absorbé par l’océan) et la stratification verticale induite par le panache (+0.35 TgC yr−1 rejeté par l’océan). Ce travail de thèse met en lumière l’importance d’inclure une représentation réaliste du continuum terre/mer dans les modèles régionaux arctiques afin d’améliorer les estimés de flux de carbone dans cet océan changeant et fortement altéré par les modifications de ses bassins versantsAbout 10 % of atmospheric carbon dioxide is sequestered in the ocean above 60°N, half of which is in coastal seas where 10 % of the global riverine freshwater volume flows in. Five of the world’s largest rivers convey in the Arctic Ocean (AO) huge quantities of dissolved carbon in the organic (DOC) and inorganic (DIC) form. The response of the coastal ocean to this supply is still highly uncertain, which makes the assessment of air-sea CO2fluxes challenging in this remote region. It is thus timely to gain a better understanding of the impact of terrestrial carbon released by watersheds on air-sea CO2 fluxes in Arctic rivers plumes, especially in a context of global warming. In the present PhD thesis, the ECCO-Darwin ocean-sea ice-biogeochemical model is used to investigate the synoptic to interannual response of the South eastern Beaufort Sea (Western AO) to the Mackenzie River’s carbon exports. The model includes the very first daily terrestrial DOC (tDOC) runoff forcing estimated through merging riverine in situ measurements and coastal remotely sensed data at three major delta outlets, over the last two decades (2000-2019). We find that interannual variability in river discharge modulates localized air-sea CO2flux in the coastal plume with riverine DIC contributing twice as much as riverine DOC to CO2 outgassing. As current knowledge on tDOC remineralization in Arctic plume regions is still uncertain, the range of air-sea CO2 flux variability due to microbial remineralization is estimated to ±0.39 TgC yr−1 in 2009. Other biophysical processes also contribute to the high CO2 flux variability, such as tDOC flocculation (+0.14 TgC yr−1 in gassing) and enhanced plume stratification (+0.35 TgC yr−1 outgassing). To conclude, the work presented here intends to pave the way toward a better representation of the land-to-ocean continuum (LOAC) in regional Arctic models with the aim to improve the simulated carbon cycle in rapidly changing Arctic watersheds and coastal seas
Buchteile zum Thema "Land-to-sea interface"
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Chouba, Cyrine, Sophie Delpoux, Léa Causse, Mylène Marie, Rémi Freydier, Mylène Toubiana, Patrick Monfort, Olivier Pringault und Chrystelle Montigny. „Status of water quality and impact of dredging activities in four ports of the gulf of Aigues Mortes (France)“. In Ninth International Symposium “Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques”, 416–25. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0030-1.37.
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Marinas located at the land-sea interface, are both subject to autochthonous sources of pollution and form a receptacle for terrigenous inputs from upstream areas resulting in the qualitative degradation. The objective of this project is to carry out a diagnosis of the chemical and microbiological contamination of the waters of the 4 ports located in the Gulf of Aigues Mortes (France) concerning a mutualized dredging operation. The originality of the results lies in the fact that they will allow not only to compare the chemical and microbiological qualities of the waters of the marinas, but also to determine the impact of the same type of dredging on the resuspension of contaminants in the water column
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Cloern, James E., und Alan D. Jassby. „Year-to-Year Fluctuation of the Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in South San Francisco Bay: An Example of Ecological Variability at the Land-Sea Interface“. In Ecological Time Series, 139–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1769-6_10.
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Cloern, James E., und Alan D. Jassby. „Year-to-Year Fluctuation of the Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in South San Francisco Bay: An Example of Ecological Variability at the Land-Sea Interface“. In Ecological Time Series, 139–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6881-0_10.
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Fogg, G. E. „Sea ice as a habitat and ecological interface“. In The Biology of Polar Habitats, 157–81. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549543.003.0007.
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Abstract The profound effects of sea ice on the climatic and oceanographic environments in which polar organisms live have been outlined in Chapter 1. It is more variable and heterogeneous in structure than land ice and since it is in contact with liquid water and consequently does not reach such low temperatures as does land ice, it provides a variety of niches for active life. Sea ice has a unique ecological role. It interposes a solid interface between two fluid phases—biologically productive seawater and air, unproductive but allowing exceptional mobility to animals able to take advantage of it. It modifies environmental conditions in the sea below and also provides a platform on which air-breathing birds and mammals can live, breed, and base foraging forays into the water. Although its annual cycle of advance and retreat is a recurrent pattern, the distribution and local structure is irregular. Its variations from year to year affect all levels in the marine ecosystem.
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Trotter, David. „The Interface as Cultural Form“. In The Literature of Connection, 53–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850472.003.0003.
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This chapter demonstrates that the question of the interface as a cultural form arose most productively during the nineteenth century in the context of technologies relating to sea rather than land. The ‘system’ or ‘medium’ at issue was that of the crew and material apparatus of a sailing ship: the ship’s captain gained access to it by means of the quarterdeck, and the ‘digital command’ (Rachel Plotnick) the quarterdeck affords. The question of the interface arises in Joseph Conrad’s most notable sea tales: ‘The Secret Sharer’ and The Shadow-Line. The chapter provides an analysis of these tales, and of Heart of Darkness, in which a sea captain ventures upriver on a steamboat. Marlow’s demonstrable if anguished mastery of his ship-medium can be understood as an attempt to repair and extend the connectivity that sustains empire. Conrad examines the political and moral cost of assuming that the medium is the message.
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Swarbrooke, Professor John. „Coastal Tourism and the Ocean Fringe“. In The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment. Goodfellow Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635574-4461.
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This focus of this book is on the marine environment, but one cannot understand the impact of tourism on the marine environment without looking at the ocean fringe, the interface between the land and the ocean. In this chapter we will concentrate on how things that happen on land in relation to tourism impact on the marine environment. However, it is also important to note that this relationship is two-way and that tourism on land is affected by the ocean in terms of coastal erosion, for example, as well as being impacted by changes in the temperature of sea water and rising sea levels.
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Vignudelli, Stefano, und Francesco De Biasio. „Coastal Sea Level Trends from a Joint Use of Satellite Radar Altimetry, GPS and Tide Gauges: Case Study of the Northern Adriatic Sea“. In Geodetic Sciences - Theory, Applications and Recent Developments. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98243.
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For the last century, tide gauges have been used to measure sea level change along the world’s coastline. However, tide gauges are heterogeneously distributed and sparse in coverage. The measured sea level changes are also affected by solid-Earth geophysics. Since 1992, satellite radar altimetry technique made possible to measure heights at sea independent of land changes. Recently various efforts started to improve the sea level record reprocessing past altimetry missions to create an almost 30 year-long combined record for sea level research studies. Moreover, coastal altimetry, i.e. the extension of altimetry into the oceanic coastal zone and its exploitation for looking at climate-scale variations of sea level, has had a steady progress in recent years and has become a recognized mission target for present and future satellite altimeters. Global sea level rise is today well acknowledged. On the opposite, the regional and local patterns are much more complicated to observe and explain. Sea level falls in some places and rises in others, as a consequence of natural cycles and anthropogenic causes. As relative sea level height continues to increase, many coastal cities can have the local elevation closer to the flooding line. It is evident that at land-sea interface a single technique is not enough to de-couple land and sea level changes. Satellite radar altimetry and tide gauges would coincide at coast if land had no vertical motion. By noting this fact, the difference of the two independent measurements is a proxy of land motion. In this chapter, we review recent advances in open ocean and coastal altimetry to measure sea level changes close to the coasts over the satellite radar altimetry era. The various methods to measure sea level trends are discussed, with focus on a more robust inverse method that has been tested in the Northern Adriatic Sea, where Global Positioning System (GPS) data are available to conduct a realistic assessment of uncertainties. The results show that the classical approach of estimating Vertical Land Motion (VLM) provides values that are almost half of those provided by the new Linear Inverse Problem With Constraints (LIPWC) method, in a new formulation which makes use of a change of variable (LIPWCCOV). Moreover, the accuracy of the new VLM estimates is lower when compared to the VLM estimated from GPS measurements. The experimental Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (SLCCI) data set (high resolution along track) coastal sea level product (developed within Climate Change Initiative (CCI project) that has been also assessed in the Gulf of Trieste show that the trends calculated with the gridded and along track datasets exhibit some differences, probably due to the different methodologies used in the generation of the products.
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Van de Noort, Robert. „Archipelagos and islands“. In North Sea Archaeologies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199566204.003.0011.
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The North Sea is not renowned for its islands, and much of the modern land–sea interface is sharp, especially along the coasts of Jutland, North and South Holland and much of England. Nevertheless, the North Sea does contain a surprisingly large number of islands and archipelagos, which can be presented with reference to a clear north–south divide. In the northern half of the North Sea, most islands are of hard rock with shallow soils, and their islandness is the result of ongoing glacio-isostatic uplift of previously drowned lands and sea-level rise. With the exception of the Shetland and Orkney archipelagos, few of these islands are found at a great distance from the mainland, and the majority of the countless islands, islets, and rock outcrops off the North Sea coasts of Norway, Sweden, Scotland, and north-east England can be found within a few miles of the mainland. In the southern half of the North Sea, the islands are mainly made up of sand and clay and, in their history if not today, were frequently sandbanks formed by the sea utilizing both marine and riverine sediments. Most of the islands of the Wadden Sea in Denmark, Germany, and Holland are sandbanks elevated by aeolian-formed sand dunes. Further south, the core of the large islands of Zeeland is principally formed of riverine sands and marine clays intercalated with peat, reflecting coastal wetland conditions at various times in the Post-glacial and Holocene (Vos and Van Heeringen 1997). As with Zeeland, the islands on the English side of the North Sea, such as Mersey Island in the Blackwater estuary and Foulness Island in Essex, have now been incorporated into the mainland. Only a few islands cannot be so simply classified:Helgoland in the German Bight, a Sherwood Sandstone stack of Triassic date, is the best known example. Island archaeology, as we have seen (chapter 2), has for many decades approached islands as environments that were relatively isolated from the wider world.
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Bianchi, Thomas S. „The Ever-Changing Delta“. In Deltas and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764174.003.0007.
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After his visit to Egypt in the year 500 B.C.E., Herodotus compared the triangular shape of the lowland region, where the Nile and sea meet, to the Greek letter Δ, thereby introducing the term delta to the geographic literature. In Chapter 1, we defined a delta as “a discrete shoreline protuberance formed where a river enters an ocean or lake … a broadly lobate shape in plain view narrowing in the direction of the feeding river, and a significant proportion of the deposit … derived from the river.” Coastal deltas are geologic structures that are also subcomponents of an estuary, which is commonly defined as a semienclosed body of water, situated at the interface between the land and ocean, where seawater is measurably diluted by the inflow of fresh water. James Syvitski, a world-renowned expert on deltas, describes how a delta’s area can be defined as “1) the seaward prograding [building outward] land area that has accumulated since 6,000 years, when global sea level stabilized a few meters of present level, 2) the seaward area of a river valley after the main stem of a river splits into distributary channels, 3) the area of a river valley underlain by Holocene marine sediment, 4) accumulated river sedi¬ment that has variably been subjected to fluvial, wave, and tidal influences, 5) the area drained by river distributary channels that are under the influence of tide, or 6) any combination of these definitions.” These delta-front estuaries, hereafter referred to as deltas, are dynamic ecosystems that have some of the highest biotic diversity and production in the world. Consequently, an estimated 25% of the world’s population lives in environments that are coastal deltas and their associated estuaries/ wetlands. Deltas provide not only a direct resource for commercially important estuarine species of fishes and shellfish but also shelter and food resources for commercially important shelf species that spend some of their life stages in estuarine marshes. For example, high fish and shellfish production in the northern Gulf of Mexico is strongly linked with discharge from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya river delta complexes and their associated estuarine wetlands.
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Bianchi, Thomas S. „Estuarine Science and Biogeochemical Cycles“. In Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160826.003.0006.
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Estuaries are commonly described as semi-enclosed bodies of water, situated at the interface between land and ocean, where seawater is measurably diluted by the inflow of freshwater (Hobbie, 2000). The term “estuary,” derived from the Latin word aestuarium, means marsh or channel (Merriam-Webster, 1979). These dynamic ecosystems have some of the highest biotic diversity and production in the world. Not only do they provide a direct resource for commercially important estuarine species of fishes and shellfish, but they also provide shelter and food resources for commercially important shelf species that spend some of their juvenile stages in estuarine marshes. For example, high fish and shellfish production in the northern Gulf of Mexico is strongly linked with discharge from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers and their associated estuarine wetlands (Chesney and Baltz, 2001). Commercial fishing in this region typically brings in 769 million kg of seafood with a value of $575 million. Fisheries production and coastal nutrient enrichment, via rivers and estuaries, are positively correlated within many coastal systems around the world (Nixon et al., 1986; Caddy, 1993; Houde and Rutherford, 1993). The coupling of physics and biogeochemistry occurs at many spatial scales in estuaries (figure 1.1; Geyer et al., 2000). Estuarine circulation, river and groundwater discharge, tidal flooding, resuspension events, and exchange flow with adjacent marsh systems (Leonard and Luther, 1995) all constitute important physical variables that exert some level of control on estuarine biogeochemical cycles. There has been considerable debate about the definition of an estuary because of the divergent properties found within and among estuaries from different regions of the world. Consequently, there have been numerous attempts to develop a comprehensive and universally accepted definition. Pritchard (1967, p. 1) first defined estuaries based on salinity as “semi-enclosed coastal bodies of water that have a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage.” A general schematic representation of an estuary, as defined by Pritchard (1967), and further modified by Dalrymple et al. (1992) to include more physical and geomorphological processes, is shown in figure 1.2.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Land-to-sea interface"
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Krylenko, Marina, und Marina Krylenko. „PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE KIZILTASHSKY LIMAN GROUP“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b949177f3f2.59066561.
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The Kiziltashsky limans are the largest water bodies of land-to-sea interface zone of the Krasnodar region Black Sea coast separated from the Black Sea by Anapa bay-bar. Their territory is included in the Perspective list of the Ramsar Convention as a unique wetland of international importance. Currently, the main type of recreational use of the liman water area is active rest. A diversity of natural conditions, a small degree of economic transformation of the landscape in combination with good transport access makes it possible to combine the active recreation forms with health-improving rest at the Anapa resort. In the presented paper the different proposals for economic use of the Kiziltashsky limans are analysed in terms of influence to geoecosystem.
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Krylenko, Marina, und Marina Krylenko. „PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE KIZILTASHSKY LIMAN GROUP“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431572fb6b.
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The Kiziltashsky limans are the largest water bodies of land-to-sea interface zone of the Krasnodar region Black Sea coast separated from the Black Sea by Anapa bay-bar. Their territory is included in the Perspective list of the Ramsar Convention as a unique wetland of international importance. Currently, the main type of recreational use of the liman water area is active rest. A diversity of natural conditions, a small degree of economic transformation of the landscape in combination with good transport access makes it possible to combine the active recreation forms with health-improving rest at the Anapa resort. In the presented paper the different proposals for economic use of the Kiziltashsky limans are analysed in terms of influence to geoecosystem.
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Green, Alex, und Jie Feng. „Assessment of Technologies for Biomass Conversion to Electricity at the Wild Land-Urban Interface“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68294.
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In the near term, biomass in various forms is the most available renewable energy source in the USA, particularly in the wild land-urban interface (WUI). With current high natural gas (NG) prices the possibility of gasifying biomass and developing a local Biomass Alliance with Natural Gas (BANG) so that the biomass gas (BG) can supplement natural gas (NG) could have many energy, environmental and economic (EEE) benefits. An analytic cost estimation (ACE) method is used to assess various BANG technologies potentially applicable at the WUI and to determine NG prices at which BG capable systems can deliver electricity at competitive costs. ACE is based upon the approximate linear relationship between cost of electricity (COE = Y), and cost of fuel (COF = X), i.e., Y = K + SX, as seen in many detailed cost analyses of electrical generating systems. ACE is here used to guide efforts directed towards energy sustainability in the WUI where nearby biomass stores are abundant. Thermal conversion and the use of the fuel to supplement NG is considered here at various power (P) levels to lower the cost of electricity. A reasonable K(P) and S(P) for NG fired electrical generation systems is first established. Then using an Antares Group Inc. report (AGIR) analyses of eleven biomass fueled technologies K(P) and S(P) are identified using only three adjusted parameters for each technology. An accurate analytical equation is also found for AGIR calculations of net present value (NPV = Z) vs. P and Y. These equations are then used to interpolate and extrapolate the AGIR economic analyses to other Ps and X or Y in some cases leading to other conclusions than in the AGIR. We conclude that BANG can save energy costs in many communities at the WUI and lead the way to: the development of economically competitive woody biomass supply and applications industries provide jobs, stabilize local economies, reduce USA’s dependence on imported fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
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van Dooren, Maikel, und Bart Zevenhoven. „WTF design software“. In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1471.
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<p>Over the past years the demand for wind farms in the Netherlands on both land and sea has considerably grown. Three years ago, the Dutch contractor Dura Vermeer has decided to expand its activities with the realization of wind farms on land. A part of this activity is the design of Wind Turbine Foundations (WTFs). Where a wind farm can vary from 6 to 90+ wind turbines, the amount of WTF designs that must be considered in one project can be large for an object that is relatively standard. This especially because the interaction between soil and WTF must be considered for every specific location. The process of designing can be very time consuming. Both due to the amount of repetitive actions and the use of standard design software the question may be asked if, when following the traditional designing route, an optimal design is obtained. Dura Vermeer decided to perform the designing work with help of parametric design.</p><p>Together with a software developer, Dura Vermeer developed a web application in which structural and geotechnical calculation models are coupled. The calculation models are centrally controlled in an online interface in which a set of variables (e.g. dimensions, soil parameters, structural load etc.) can be controlled by the user. The coupling between the structural and geotechnical models works in an iterative manner, making it possible to design with structural parameters that correspond very accurate to the geotechnical results. By making use of the link between these calculation models the risk of human mistakes is reduced and the time required for the design is drastically shortened. With the built-in optimization tool, it is furthermore possible to obtain an efficient design with a small amount of effort and due to the parametric approach, it is possible to generate standard design documents.</p>
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Kaulins, Janis, Raimonds Ernsteins, Ivars Kudrenickis, Anita Lontone und Ilga Zilniece. „Municipal Thematical and Territorial Indicator Systems for Sustainable Socio-Ecological Coastal Governance“. In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.141.
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There are recognized in Latvia the lack of locally based coastal socio-ecological research knowledge and its interpretation into municipal safety and development planning from one side as well as also only land-side oriented and separate sectorial development interests based coastal municipalities’ governance/planning practice from other side. Coastal governance practice development problems solution at the local level are to be seen at both ends of governance cycle – coastal situation evaluation (e.g. science) and policy design and implementation. Overall objective is to create, apply/test and use applicable interface system for integrated coastal science transfer into integrated coastal management (ICM), and so altogether developing whole and flexible integrated coastal governance (ICG) cycle, esp. at the local municipal level, but also coping with vertical integration with other national and international governance levels, as well as horizontal integration with other municipal development sectors. ICG complex interface system has been started to develop step-wise during realization of various research and development projects and particularly by designing and testing both complementary thematical and territorial approaches based municipal indicator systems (IS). Approaches were applied as different cross-sectorial municipal IS (coastal, climate change governance, coastal risk etc.) and, interrelatedly, eventual whole municipal development IS. There was designed and implemented Sustainable development governance IS proposal for Saulkrasti municipality, being used now for supervision of mandatory municipal long term planning document – Sustainable Development Strategy. Further proposals for coastal indicators observatory system for sealand border area administrative territories has to be developed, respecting all types of coastal components as for highly specific socio-ecological systems in the Baltic Sea region area.
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Babanin, Alexander V. „Wave-Induced Turbulence, Linking Metocean and Large Scales“. In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18373.
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Abstract Until recently, large-scale models did not explicitly take account of ocean surface waves which are a process of much smaller scales. However, it is rapidly becoming clear that many large-scale geophysical processes are essentially coupled with the surface waves, and those include ocean circulation, weather, Tropical Cyclones and polar sea ice in both Hemispheres, climate and other phenomena in the atmosphere, at air/sea, sea/ice and sea/land interface, and many issues of the upper-ocean mixing below the surface. Besides, the wind-wave climate itself experiences large-scale trends and fluctuations, and can serve as an indicator for changes in the weather climate. In the presentation, we will discuss wave influences at scales from turbulence to climate, on the atmospheric and oceanic sides. At the atmospheric side of the interface, the air-sea coupling is usually described by means of the drag coefficient Cd, which is parameterised in terms of the wind speed, but the scatter of experimental data with respect to such dependences is very significant and has not improved noticeably over some 40 years. It is argued that the scatter is due to multiple mechanisms which contribute into the sea drag, many of them are due to surface waves and cannot be accounted for unless the waves are explicitly known. The Cd concept invokes the assumption of constant-flux layer, which is also employed for vertical profiling of the wind measured at some elevation near the ocean surface. The surface waves, however, modify the balance of turbulent stresses very near the surface, and therefore such extrapolations can introduce significant biases. This is particularly essential for buoy measurements in extreme conditions, when the anemometer mast is within the Wave Boundary Layer (WBL) or even below the wave crests. In this presentation, field data and a WBL model are used to investigate such biases. It is shown that near the surface the turbulent fluxes are less than those obtained by extrapolation using the logarithmic-layer assumption, and the mean wind speeds very near the surface, based on Lake George field observations, are up to 5% larger. The dynamics is then simulated by means of a WBL model coupled with nonlinear waves, which revealed further details of complex behaviours at wind-wave boundary layer. Furthermore, we analyse the structure of WBL for strong winds (U10 > 20 m/s) based on field observations. We used vertical distribution of wind speed and momentum flux measured in Topical Cyclone Olwyn (April 2015) in the North-West shelf of Australia. A well-established layer of constant stress is observed. The values obtained for u⁎ from the logarithmic profile law against u⁎ from turbulence measurements (eddy correlation method) differ significantly as wind speed increases. Among wave-induced influences at the ocean side, the ocean mixing is most important. Until recently, turbulence produced by the orbital motion of surface waves was not accounted for, and this fact limits performance of the models for the upper-ocean circulation and ultimately large-scale air-sea interactions. While the role of breaking waves in producing turbulence is well appreciated, such turbulence is only injected under the interface at the vertical scale of wave height. The wave-orbital turbulence is depth-distributed at the scale of wavelength (∼10 times the wave height) and thus can mix through the ocean thermocline in the spring-summer seasons. Such mixing then produces feedback to the large-scale processes, from weather to climate. In order to account for the wave-turbulence effects, large-scale air-sea interaction models need to be coupled with wave models. Theory and practical applications for the wave-induced turbulence will be reviewed in the presentation. These include viscous and instability theories of wave turbulence, direct numerical simulations and laboratory experiments, field and remote sensing observations and validations, and finally implementations in ocean, Tropical Cyclone, ocean and ice models. As a specific example of a wave-coupled environment, the wave climate in the Arctic as observed by altimeters will be presented. This is an important topic for the Arctic Seas, which are opening from ice in summer time. Challenges, however, are many as their Metocean environment is more complicated and, in addition to winds and waves, requires knowledge and understanding of ice material properties and its trends. On one hand, no traditional statistical approach is possible since in the past for most of the Arctic Ocean there was limited wave activity. Extrapolations of the current trends into the future are not feasible, because ice cover and wind patterns in the Arctic are changing. On the other hand, information on the mean and extreme wave properties is of great importance for oceanographic, meteorological, climate, naval and maritime applications in the Arctic Seas.
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Colban, W. F., K. A. Thole und G. Zess. „Combustor Turbine Interface Studies: Part 1 — Endwall Effectiveness Measurements“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30526.
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Improved durability of gas turbine engines is an objective for both military and commercial aeroengines as well as for power generation engines. One region susceptible to degradation in an engine is the junction between the combustor and first vane given that the main gas path temperatures at this location are the highest. The platform at this junction is quite complex in that secondary flow effects, such as the leading edge vortex, are dominant. Past computational studies have shown that the total pressure profile exiting the combustor dictates the development of the secondary flows that are formed. This study examines the effect of varying the combustor liner film-cooling and junction slot flows on the adiabatic wall temperatures measured on the platform of the first vane. The experiments were performed using large-scale models of a combustor and nozzle guide vane in a wind tunnel facility. The results show that varying the coolant injection from the upstream combustor liner leads to differing total pressure profiles entering the turbine vane passage. Endwall adiabatic effectiveness measurements indicate that the coolant does not exit the upstream combustor slot uniformly but instead accumulates along the suction side of the vane and endwall. Increasing the liner cooling continued to reduce endwall temperatures, which was not found to be true with increasing the film-cooling from the liner.
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Koo, Bonjun, Allan Magee, Kostas Lambrakos, Eleni Beyko und Anil Sablok. „Prediction of Motions and Loads for Floatover Installation of Spar Topsides“. In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20591.
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There are several substantial advantages to installing integrated topside onto a Spar using floatover method, particularly for large topsides which exceed the single lift capacity of the available heavy lift derrick barge fleet. These advantages include schedule and cost savings for the integration and commissioning of modules on land rather than at sea. Uncoupling the deck fabrication schedules from the availability of heavy lift vessels is another advantage. The performance of a successful floatover installation requires adequate design and analysis of each phase of the floatover installation, and a sufficient weather window in which to perform each phase. Design of floatover installation includes: a) Global motions / mooring analysis to determine motions and loads on mooring lines, fenders, and structural members, b) Structural design including structural integration of the topsides with the barges and shock cell design on the Spar and barges, and c) Operational procedures for mating and barge separation. Validated analysis tools are essential to ensure adequacy in the design of all stages in the floatover operation. This paper presents data from floatover installation model tests, performed at OTRC (Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA), and results from numerical analysis tools for motion and load predictions. The scale of the model tests was 1:60, and the simulated topside was approximately 18,000Te. The simulated environmental conditions included expected upper limit operational sea states for the Gulf of Mexico. The details of the model tests are described in Ref [1]. The analytical challenges related to floatover installation simulations are several and include multi-body hydrodynamics, and prediction of relative motions and interface loads during the mating operations. Available numerical analysis tools include the time domain multi-body proprietary code MLTSIM, and WAMIT, a frequency domain potential code that is widely available in the industry. The validation of MLTSIM involves viscous damping, multi-body hydrodynamic interaction, and simulation of impact forces. This paper presents the results from the validation on the basis of full scale, and quantifies the accuracy of predictions by comparing the measured and predicted motions and loads.
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Hentschel, Manfred P., Karl-Wolfram Harbich, Joerg Schors und Axel Lange. „X-Ray Refraction Characterization of the Interface Structure of Ceramics“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0061.
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Advanced ceramics require specific methods for their nondestructive characterization. X-ray refraction techniques determine the specific surfaces and interfaces of high performance ceramics, composites and other low density materials down to nano-meter dimensions. X-ray refraction occurs due to the interference of phase shifted X-rays in ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) at objects above 100 nm size. Applications to monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites are presented. The well localized mean pore size of ceramics and the crack growth of ceramic composites are measured non-destructively.
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Jafri, Syed Muhammad Mohsin. „Analysis of Shrink Fit Interface Stresses for Rotating Circular Disks“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27109.
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This paper presents an analysis of the stresses and radial deformations in three elastic disks shrink fitted together to form a rotating assembly. The analytical results derived from this paper assume the three disks to be perfectly circular. The stress distribution as well as the displacement is assumed to be functions of radial coordinate and rotational speed. The thickness of disks is also assumed to be small as compared to their diameters. The results include the radial and tangential stress distribution at the interface for both static disks and for rotating motion of the assembly. The interference fit between the disks is also seen to be a function of rotational speed.