Dissertationen zum Thema „Latin (langue) – Linguistique“
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Gayraud, Marie-Françoise. „Les recueils de "differentiae" de Varron à Isidore de Séville : étude linguistique, historique et comparative“. Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with fifteen collections of differentiae available in the Latin corpus. We will first attempt to present; characterize and compare these different texts which are connected to each other at times, and whose age and origins are uncertain. They consist of lists of two words or more, followed by a note whose purpose is to avoid all types of confusion between them by means of a differentia (“difference”). This concept of differentia, which originally stems from Greek dialectics and rhetoric, is used there to differentiate between partial synonyms. Our purpose will be to show how its selective or systematic application, such as it is rendered in these collections, considerably expands the original circle. Indeed beyond the issues raised by synonymy as far as rhetoric, Roman law and text commentaries are concerned, the differentiae lists also deal with possible confusions regarding phonetics (paronyms and homonyms), morphology (problems of gender, declension, diathesis) and more rarely syntactics, all these matters falling within the province of grammar in the broad meaning ascribed to this term in Antiquity. It is once again the aim, according to various criteria, to differentiate between forms all recognised as being valid, in different contexts. The point of this study is also to assess the respective influence of the approaches involved in the collections of differentiae, and to specify a few chronological landmarks showing that these lists, at least as far as some of them are concerned, do represent works that are steeped in the Latin world and not in Medieval Times, and finally, to bring out the complexity and richness of a somewhat underestimated part of the linguistic activity in Antiquity
Brachet, Jean-Paul. „Les préverbes ab-, dê-, ex- du latin : étude linguistique“. Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur thesis, entirely based on the examination of the texts, is a historical linguistics work. In the first part, we retrace the complicated history of de-, from its pie origin. We try to reconcile the living meaning of de-, which is ablative, with the directive meaning of the particle *de do, by showing, in the concrete uses of de-, many traces of its former directive meaning. Then we look at some verbs prefixed with de-in which the former directive meaning, not the productive ablative one, is to be found. The second part deals with verbs prefixed with ex- whose preverb is the reflex of the preposition ex that used to introduce a provenance complement. We analyze like that the verb efficere, as well as the denominative factitive in ex(effeminare, efferare, exacerbare,. . . ) and the -esco inchoative prefixed with ex- (exarescere, exalbescere, euanescere, extimescere,. . . ). The preverb ex forms a real "discontinuous signifier" with the verbal derivation morpheme -a- or -esc-. Paradoxically, ex- contributes to form some verbs which mean getting into a new state. The study of ex- goes on with the examination of the so-called "achievement value" of ex-. First we study how, owing to a transformation of the "actants" due to the preverb ex-, we obtain a verb exhaurire "to exhaust" from haurire "to draw". Exhaurire leads us to a group of speech verbs prefixed with ex-, eloqui, enarrare, enumerare, edocere, edisserere, whose object is usually accompanied with a quantifier expressing totality. These verbs denote an exhaustive process, which reaches its term because all the material it was applied to has been exhausted. The third part deals with the so-called parasynthetic verbs, those which are hypostatic derivatives (delirare, degenerare, eliminare, expectorare) as well as those which have privative value (exossare, excorticare, deartuare, decapitare)
Fleck, Frédérique. „Le latin quīn : syntaxe, sémantique et pragmatique : place dans le système des interrogatifs, connecteurs et subordonnants“. Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Latin quīn is studied here from a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic point of view, in its various functions : as an interro-negative adverb of cause, as an enunciative particle, as an additive connector and copulative coordinating conjunction, and as a negative or positive subordinating conjunction introducing completive, consecutive, causal, comparative and pseudo-relative clauses. Particular attention is paid to the cases where a negation appears at the same time as an interrogation or a subordination, and to the diachronic evolution of quīn. The analysis is based on a corpus including most of the occurrences of quīn (circa 3000) in the works of the Latin writers from the third century B. C. To the fourth century A. D. The use of quīn is compared with the use of other lexems which have a similar meaning and function, such as quidnī, cūr nōn, quārē nōn, quōmŏdŏ nōn, immō, ăt, sĕd, uērum, ĕt, atquĕ, -quĕ, quōmĭnus, nē, ŭt nōn, quī
Spevak, Olga. „La concession en latin tardif“. Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorin, Jacqueline. „Latinas : permanence et transformations d'une formule de norme linguistique latine“. Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat is exactly the meaning of this normative formula used in the latin grammars from varro to alcuin,is to be found by paying attention to each principle there quoted (natura furnishes linguistic laws analogical to the laws of the world, and primi, tive, never changing forms, from which ratio creates systems by generation and movement ; auctoritas and consuetudo present every outlaw form issued from poetic beauty or ugly mistake),and also to the teaching situation and psychological circumstances in account of barbarian invasions and christian time. Christian first refused latinitas as an elitist formula loaded with pagan values and refusing the indocti (the vox theory considered them as animals); but finally latinitas is accepted with double auctoritas, some new commentaries, and pertinent reading. Nothing apparently is changed in the formula, but every, thing now is new, for it becomes a formula for religious salute and human dig, nity. Here we find reemployment of the same words with a new meaning : it is an economical technique frequently used by christians, mainly in art. Consequently, the assertion that latinitas is the same from varro to alcuin must be revised. It seams to be the same, but it is not
Gallego, Julie. „Les subordonnées conjonctives de conséquence dans la prose historique latine“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJulia, Marie-Ange. „Le supplétisme verbal en latin“. Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSuppletion, a universal process in linguistic evolution, concerns a few Latin verbs with a very high frequency. The speakers extend some pre-existing forms from an existing paradigm to a new function : they enter another verbal paradigm, either as a replacement for some forms which have strong defects that impede them from being fully functional, or in order to fulfill positions which have been left unoccupied. The aim of the speakers is to have at their disposal a complete verbal paradigm, where each form is able to be fully functional. The replacement in Latin may concern a whole stem (either an infectum or a perfectum stem), or only a tense (often the present indicative) or a mood (mainly the imperative and the participle), or just one personal form (often the 1st and 2nd person sg. ). The development of the phenomenon, clearly illustrated in Latin by the various verbs meaning “go” (īre, uādere, ambulāre, etc. ), “bear, carry” (ferre, portāre, tollere, etc. ), “cure” (medērī, sānāre, cūrāre, medicāre/-ī) and “eat” (ēsse, comedere, mandūcāre, etc. ), can be analysed in four phases. Next to the old, unmarked and most common verb, appears a marked variant, semantically more specific and stronger, which tends then to be generalised until it is fully grammaticalized inside the paradigm. At that final point, there is an inversion of frequency between the old and the new form (the new suppletive form, becoming the “normal” form, is found with the highest frequency, while the old form, which is not the “normal” form any more, has a lower frequency), and, by another inversion, the previously marked form becomes unmarked and the previously unmarked form becomes a marked one
Escriva, Jean-Pierre. „L'alternance thématique ±-i- dans la "3e déclinaison" latine : accusatif pluriel -ĒS ̃-ĪS et faits connexes“. Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRésumé : In Latin, there are variations in the nominal flexion, particulary in the so-called "3rd declension" (ciue ̃ciui, parentum ̃parentium, tre ̃tris). Some of them have been grammaticalized (noun / adjective, animate / inanimate, adjective / "absolute" ablative). The others are considered to be used by the speakers at random. We shall try to show that they have a syntactical-semantical ground : they express a focalization and an actualizing / unactualizing look of the state of facts
Uría, Varela Javier. „Tabú y eufemismo en latín /“. Amsterdam : A. M. Hakkert, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37027611r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegras-Vincent, Colette. „Évolution du pronom personnel sujet de troisième personne du latin à l'italien contemporain“. Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study the subject third person personal pronoun and to define the main steps that lead from latin to the current italian pronominal system. This research, both diachronic and synchronic, brings to the fore the caracteristics of the italian language that has a large number of pronouns (egli, ella, lui, lei, loro, esso, essa, essi, esse). The first two chapters present a comparative study between french and italian and show how the pronoun work s in latin and in old toscan. Chapters iii to vi cover a study of the third person personal pronoun in italian litteratu re from its origin to noadays. Percentages given at the end of each period, show the main tendencies of italian and the prominence of lui, lei, loro. The conclusion show that italian that stands between latin and french is a language that keep evolving and the personal pronouns are an evidence of this evolution
Baratin, Marc. „Histoire des théories linguistiques : l'analyse syntaxique dans l'Antiquité latine“. Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuval, Claire-Marie. „Gaudium et laetitia : étude sémantique“. Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJimenez-Vasquez, José Maria. „Les archaismes verbaux sigmatiques dans la langue latine : analyse historique et statistique, morphologique et phonétique, syntaxique et sémantique“. Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartzloff, Vincent Biville Frédérique. „Les Thèmes de présent en yod dans l'épigraphie italique et en latin archaïque“. Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/martzloff_v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTâra, George Bogdan. „Les périphrases verbales avec le verbe habeo en latin tardif“. Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies the evolution of the constructions habeo + the perfect passive participle in - *to- and habeo + infinitive, which are the origins of the past perfect tense and of the future tense in the majority of the Romance languages. We follow the development of these two constructions through the different periods of Latin. Our study starts with the Archaic and Classical periods, after which we have selected certain authors, such as Tertullian and Augustine, to be representative of Late Latin, before then extending our analysis to the period of Late Antiquity (the VIth to the VIIIth centuries), for which we have carried out an exhaustive study using data from the CLCLT-5 CD-ROMs. Our aim here has been to find the examples and to establish the criteria responsible for the development of these lexicosyntactic structures into verbal periphrases, as the result of a process of grammaticalization. The analysis of a large number of occurrences presented in their precise context has enabled us to observe that the new analytical forms do not, at least in written Late Latin, replace the forms of the synthetic perfect and future tenses. From this, we can only conclude that the tendency towards a temporal value by these two constructions was made easier by their presence in certain types of texts, where they took on certain specific uses
Pruvost-Versteeg, Géraldine. „Une approche du latin parlé : le datif chez Plaute, Caton, Cicéron (Correspondance) et Pétrone“. Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiterary Latin coexisted with the Latin that was actually spoken and whose successive evolutions gave birth to the Romance languages. The dative case appeared in two types of constructions that developed in the Romance languages : the "sympathetic dative" or "dative of inalienable possession" (like in Fr. Je me suis cassé la jambe), and the "reflexive dative" (at the origin of certain pronominal verbs such as Fr. S'en aller). Moreover, the dative found a competitor in the prepositional construction ad + accusative that imposed itself in most of these languages. This study, that covers the period from the late 3rd c. B. C. To the early 2nd c. A. D. , is based on works that may contain elements of colloquial language (Plautus's comedies, Cato's De Agricultura, Cicero's letters and Petronius's Satyricon). It focuses on cases of competition between the sympathetic dative and the genetive construction, between the reflexive form (with a redundant dative) and the non-reflexive form of certain verbs, between ad + acc. And the dative with adferre, and tries to determine whether they reflect diastratic or diaphasic variation or not. Synchronic analyses (per author) are combined with a diachronic perspective, looking for relationships between the results obtained for the pre-classical, classical and post-classical periods. The sympathetic dative belonged to the standard language, whereas the reflexive dative rather belonged to the lower language level, and the alternation between the dative and ad + acc. With adferre was motivated by a semantic difference
Terris, Michèle. „Une approche stylistique de l'épopée latine“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA genre which has not developped much in its narrative technique, the latin pagan epic progresses by clearly marked steps which are, on the formal level, expressed through grammatical tools going from ordinary coordination to opposition. The verb plays on its prosodic volume and the use of tenses (as opposed to the historic use) to create a mean peculiar to the epic; the participles and the adjectives are used, the formers, forming the core of a syntactic group, the latters, creating a rhythmic unity. But the epic attains the top of its formal elaboration with the simile which, beyond its own characteristics, permits to express the text with a new aspect in the most intense moments
Dalbera, Joseph. „Le parfait de l'indicatif latin : analyse linguistique à partir d'un corpus de narration romanesque“. Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE2008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we aim at unveiling a single signified to the Latin perfect indicative. Indeed we argue that this single signified could subsume all the possible different values this tense can convey within the discourse and that it could also account for coherence within this diversity, beyond the apparent wealth of these uses. Our reasoning closely links linguistic and textual analyses, global theoretical questioning and careful surveying of the occurrences appearing in a corpus of novelistic narrative texts. Our theoretical approach is inspired by Culioli’s enunciative operation of location and the corpus gathers Petronius, Apuleius and Saint Augustine. Our analysis highlights that the Latin perfect is mainly a past tense that points the crossing of the ending boundary of the process p and its overstepping towards its complement p’. The latin perfect, which is extremely sensitive to the chosen enunciative point of view, can be used in many different ways varying between the two extremes that are the narrative (linked to the aoristic dimension) and the report. The third fundamental element participating in the value of the perfect is lexical. All three aspects – structural, enunciative and lexical – are hence linked and taken into account when establishing the value of the Latin perfect within the discourse as well as its fundamentally temporal interpretation
Ruozzi, Paola. „De l'ablatif absolu latin aux prépositions atypiques, sous le signe de la continuité fonctionnelle : quels aboutissements en français ?“ Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the absence of specific studies relating to this subject, this work is intended to reconstruct the grammaticalization of nine French prepositions partly issued from participles (like durant, pendant, nonobstant, moyennant, excepté, hormis) and partly from adjectives or nouns (like malgré, sauf, plein), which were originally employed in ablative absolute (AA) constructions. A first section, devoted to the process ending point, illustrates how the nine prepositions behave in modem French as intra-clausal or as trans-clausal connectors, while a second section, focusing on the starting point, illustrates the different kinds of AA that are supposed to have originated the prepositional forms. In order to bridge the gap, a full, corpus-based reconstruction is proposed to show how a Ist order predicate originally employed in a binary construction such as AA has moved to 2nd order predicate status, or, to put it differently, from a free syntax environment to the invariable status of a grammatical item. The grammaticalization under focus is presented at the same time as a decategorialization process from a major category (verb, noun, adjective) to a minor category (préposition, conjunction, adverb) and as a conservative process exploiting both the original semantics of the predicate involved and the latent marginal syntactic function provided by the ablatival inflection. Since the prerogatives of ablatival inflection still seem to survive in some modem constructions which are able to express marginal functions without employing surface syntax, it is argued that synthesis, besides analysis, should have a right of citizenship in the description of the French language System
Formarier, Marie. „Entre rhétorique et musique : le rythme latin de l'Antiquité au haut Moyen-Age“. Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_formarier_m.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolitical eloquence is a sort of music. The difference between eloquence and music —either vocal or instrumental— is quantitative not qualitative”. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ist c. BC) thus faces with the crucial and challenging concern of the connection between rhetoric and music. Actually, those fields are both based on rhythm. My dissertation therefore addresses this question: to what extent the relationship between rhythm in speech and rhythm in song mirrors the linguistic, sociological, political and cultural changes that altered the Latin society from Cicero to Guido of Arezzo? In ancient Greece, musical rhythm has to be in time because songs are usually danced, whereas oratory rhythm must not follow a beat. According to Cicero, oratory rhythm is definitely different from musical rhythm and poetic metre because it is built on continually changing patterns. Those rhythmic principles are particularly vivid in the early Middle Ages, especially in Christian chant. Although Latin has been deeply altered, the rhythmic set of laws established by Cicero is still helpful in the composition of Christian melodies, mainly in what Guido of Arezzo calls cantus prosaicus
Bonnet, Valérie Rémi-Giraud Sylvianne. „La construction d'une langue savante en Europe du Ve au XIXe siècle le latin et le grec dans les sciences /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/bonnet_v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleColombat, Bernard. „Les figures de construction dans la syntaxe latine (1500-1780)“. Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work aims at studying what was the notion of "figure of construction" for three centuries and the function which the device, made up of its various forms, occupied in latin syntax. There were eight of the latter species in 1500, originating from the grammar used in roman antiquity and the middle ages, and they were used to analyse deviations and distorsions in latin speech. From linacre onwards (1524), they formed an integral part of syntactic explanation which was reorganized around the four part scheme : addition (pleonasm), substraction (ellipsis), substitution (antiptosis, enallage), modification of order (hyperbaton). In the works of sanctius and his successors, ellipsis was awarded a prevailing part until 1767, with beauzee. Meanwhile pedagogic tradition, derived from despauterius, still accorded much importance to substitution. Moreover the matter of word order in latin became crucial whan correspondences between latin and french had to be established. Figures then facilitated translating one laguage into another and took on a transliguistic function. The present work also intends to provide the history of latin teaching with new elements. Thanks to the systematic study of 127 syntactic examples, it methodically analyses the resulting epistemological and pedagogic modifications
Van, Laer Sophie. „La préverberation en latin : étude des préverbes ad, in, ob, et per dans la poésie républicaine et augustéenne“. Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe preverb can be defined as "the prefix of a verb". It is appropriate to apprehend it like an "element of relation" bringing into contact an "entity-located" and an "entity-landmark" within the framework of a process. A confrontative study of preverbs ad-, in-, ob and per- in the class of the verbs of agentive movement makes it possible to characterize the specific value of each one. We note in particular that ob- knows another value that the one of "face-to-face" : the "covering", which seems closer to original meaning of the preverb. In addition, the difference between "approach" and "entry" is not enough to return account of what opposes ad- and in- : the first one often underlines the initial distance between entity-located and entity-landmark, while the "double limit" can apply to an easy access or give a touch of hostility. Owing to the semantic study of the preverbs, we can establish some characteristics which concern more largely the preverb: constitution of paradigmatic series, semantic principle of affinity, continuum between "internal range" and "external range", importance of the geometrical representation lent to the referent of the landmark. A last questioning relates to the links between the preverb and the verbal base. It seems that it is necessary to give up lending to the preverb of an inchoative verb an aspectual value: it is rather the range of the assignment of the subject by the predicated transformation which is characterized by the preverb. In the parasynthesis, the prefixal element seems to be a functional preverb. Syntactically, duplication does not seem to be a free alternative, but always finds a justification, whether it concerns the expressivity whether the constraints related to the semantics of the roles. Not being neither a preposition nor a "co-verb", the preverb largely deserves a specific study. The preverbation, processus of lexical creation, fits then in the more general question of the modeling of reality through the language
Moonens, Laurent. „Les expressions de la quantité en latin : quantifiants, quantifieurs et la quantification mid-scalaire par multus et magnus“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral delicate issues are related to the Latin expressions of quantity. Their definition, to start with, is already problematic (should one adopt a definition that supposes a prior knowledge of their semantics, or an « internal » definition ?). Also, irregularities appear in the expression of quantity for massive nouns. Finally, the evolution of the language modifies the quantifying nature of some important terms (quot, quantus and their correlatives). This thesis has three main objectives: proposing an « internal » definition of quantifier, studying irregularities in the expression of mid-scalar quantification by multus and magnus, and the semantic evolution of quantus, quot and their correlatives, from classical to late Latin
Smith, Gerard. „Reflexions sur le subjonctif latin archaique“. Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs is well known, most scholars consider the idea of doubt or mental exisence as the ultimate meaning of the subjunctive. Very fex instances can be found in the works of plautus to provide evidence for the truth of this theory that seems to me greatly irrelevant. Nor can i accept the position of those who claim that subjunctive and optative were originally not modes at all but tenses. As far as i am concerned, i regard this opinion as a survival of the sociological view of old grammarians who believed primitive men unable to conceive such a notion as a mode. This book favours adherence to the following thesis : the subjunctive, which is widely used to convey wish, indignation, fear, perplexity, etc. , expresses an emotional attitude of the speaker
Riboni, Christiane. „Recherches sur la théorie du liage : applications en latin“. Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030134.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenerative grammar is a part of cognitive sciences, and first part of this work defines the gognitivist paradigme, and the relations between generative grammar, and cognitive sciances. Second par puts to the test binding model on lation, and comes to the conclusion of introducing logophoricity
Perdicoyianni-Paléologou, Hélène. „Anaphore, cataphore et deixis chez Plaute : les emplois de is, hic, iste et ille“. Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we study the anaphora, cataphora and deixis made by is, hic, iste, ille, as well as the adverbs which derive from the same stem in Plautus. Specifically, we examine their syntactic and semantic functions and single out their similarities and dissimilitudes. The first part deals with anaphoras made by a N and a NS within a narrative text, those made by clauses and sentences and, finally, indirect anaphoras. This study shows that is is an authentic anaphoric endowed with a neutral function. Is maintains narrative continuity within the past. Moreover, hic links the present with the past throughout the narrative Hic and ille function as "Resumed Topic" and are endowed with a resumptive function. Finally, ille bears a degree of contrastive focality. The second part is devoted to cataphoric usages of is, hic, iste, ille which announce sentences or noun clauses as well as temporal, restictive and relative clauses in correlation. The cataphorics draw the interlocutor's attention to the speech of the locutor. The third part examines deictic usages of hic, iste, ille which function as incomplete indexical symbols. Their usages assert their traditional designation to "grammatical person " and the definition of their meaning which is referred to the sole locutor
Philippart, de Foy Caroline. „Hagiographie et statistique linguistique : étude d'un corpus de traductions médiolatines d'origine grecque“. Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis considers a corpus of 35 hagiographic texts translated from Greek into Latin in the Middle Ages. This corpus is representative of the different stages in the history of hagiographic translations and of the various centres of translation in Italy. Those translations are to be presented in a new and original way by studying from a linguistic point of view the Latin language used by the translators to render their Greek models and the techniques that were implemented to achieve those translations, considering them not individually but in a global and comparative way. Quantitative linguistics was chosen as a method in order to go through a large corpus and to compare numerous texts, to enlighten their characteristics and their common or opposite features on a lexical as well as a syntactical basis
Lecointre, Claire. „La "Grammatica Philosophica" de Caspar Schoppe“. Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1628 Caspar Scioppius (1576-1649) published his Grammatica philosophica. In his important preface, he acknowledged in his debt to the spaniard Francisco Sanchez de las Brozas, in latin known as Sanctius (1523-1601), who in 1587 published his Minerva seu de causis linguae latinae. As a basic principle of analysis, Sanctius maintains that the linear succession of lexemes does not correspond to the semantic structure of the statement. It is, however, possible to transcribe the latter and thus make a lexeme correspond to a semanteme. This procedure, "resolutio", deviates from normal usage, and makes explicit the manifestation of the linguistic system of the statement : resolution expresses the semantic structure of a statement. They are two sides of the same reality. In an unpublished writing, Sanctius employs the concept "verbum mentis " to elucidate this grammatical theory. "Verbum mentis", mental discourse, finds its expression in "locutio", verbal discourse. "Verbum mentis interius" transcends individual language. Based on "locutio", it is possible to express a "verbum mentis exterius", which biunivocally expresses the semantic construction of "locutio" : this is the "resolutio" of the grammarian. In order to show how semantic structure determines actual usage, Sanctius reinterprets the classical notion of figura as an organising principle, employing the antique scheme of figures of addition, substraction, permutation and metathesis. Taking this systematisation a step further, Scioppius intended to coordinate currents in philosophy with didactic thought. In parallel, he formulated the theoretical demands of a scientific grammar, and proviced outlines of an original didactic method through which latin was learnt through the linguistic practice of ancient writers, rather than through grammar
Martzloff, Vincent. „Les Thèmes de présent en yod dans l'épigraphie italique et en latin archaïque“. Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/martzloff_v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis aims to explore the reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European verbal suffix * ye/o in the Italic languages (among them Latin, Faliscan, Sabellic, Venetic) and to set up a relative chronology of sound laws and morphological processes involved, in order to track down the prehistory of the Italic verbal system. It is argued that the so-called “semithematic” type can be derived from PIE thematic * ye/o presents. The study examines the split into a capio type and an audio type, due to two main factors depending on the phonological shape of the root : Sievers’ law and the “Niedermann effect”, a development according to which roots ending with a sonant regularly yielded verbs belonging to the fourth conjugation. A new analysis of the circumstances surrounding Thurneysen’s law and the loss of intervocalic yod contributes to explaining some morphological oddities of Italic verbs (Latin fier?, Umbrian FUIEST, Venetic +HOREIONTE). The philological problems raised by several Sabellic inscriptions are treated, and the South Picene evidence is subjected to close scrutiny
Deshors, Corinne. „Les mots latins suffixes en -na chez Pline l'ancien“. Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe question is the bands between Etruscan language and Latin language, through the study of Latin-suffixed by -na words. Suffix -na has been chosen because it is frequently attested in toponymy and onomastic. I took Latin words in de natura rerum of Plinius maior, which text shows us a late technical language. The index of 283 words is the first part of my thesis. The etymological study of this index proved that -na suffix has different forms in Latin as in Etruscan: -ana, -ena, ina, ina , ona, -rna. Different stems are derived by those with strict rules; for example, stems -a or -i, usually use - ana. Which hypothesis could we set? First of all, -na suffix, got from Etruscan, is absolutely used when names are derived from surnames: it idea of belonging to a family or a place is introduced. It becomes three forms: -ena, -ina, -ana. With Indo-European stems, -na came from Indo-European language: "mediatif" words have been created on nominal or verbal stems (-ina) or verbal radical. (-na) middle seens became result of action
Duarte, Pedro. „Le vocabulaire latin de la sculpture et de la peinture (Ier s. av. n.è. – Ier s. de n.è.)“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe literary sources from the 1st century B.E. and the 1st century C.E. allow us to follow the formation and growth of the Latin vocabulary in the areas of sculpture and painting. This closely parallels the development throughout the Mediterranean of the trade in visual works of art that started around the 2nd century B.E., so that by using both a lexical and a semantic approach, we can see how the scholars of antiquity bore witnesses to the creation of this new vocabulary. A distinction must be made here between inherited vocabulary and more recent lexical creations, especially in the context of our linguistic analysis of the degree of motivation of those lexemes that were available to Latin speakers. In the areas of sculpture and painting the Greeks had already developed a well-known and widely accepted and appreciated body of artistic production, so that the corresponding Latin lexicon was developed within the framework of the already existing Greek vocabulary. The relationship between the two languages involved not only translations and lexical and semantic transfers and calques, but even a degree of emulation. The latter is clearly to be seen in the vocabulary of aesthetics, but also when Latin speakers took over Greek terms in order to denote Roman realia and in the process altered the original meaning of those terms and expressions or phrasal lexemes. For this reason we will analyze here the motivation of the terms belonging to this part of the Latin lexicon, determining the degree of integration of these lexical items into the Latin language as a function both of their use in the literary texts and of the metalinguistic comments of the authors concerned
Bonnet, Valérie. „La construction d'une langue savante en Europe du Ve au XIXe siècle : le latin et le grec dans les sciences“. Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/bonnet_v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEvrard, Ivan. „La diathèse, des origines à l'aube de la grammaire française: contribution à l'histoire d'un objet linguistique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211372.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFatello, Fabienne. „Les emplois de "quando" dans différents genres textuels du latin préclassique au latin postclassique“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis corpus-based study analyses the use of quando (quandoque, quandoquidem, quandocumque) in different textual genres from Early to Postclassical Latin. From the Bibliotheca Teubneriana Latina CD-ROM (BTL-4) we have listed the instances of quando in Plaute’s Comedies, Cicero’s Discourses, Lucretius’ De rerum natura, Livy’s History of Rome and Seneca’s Moral Essays. Quando can be used as an interrogative, indefinite and relative adverb or as a temporal or causal conjunction. But the classification of these different uses is not possible without a macro-syntactic approach that combines morpho-syntactic, semantic and enunciative points of view. First, the study of this multifunctional term raises the question of its integration in the sentence structure. Thus the functional interference of its use as a relative adverb and as a temporal conjunction shows that the frontiers between syntactical functions are malleable. Furthermore, the semantic ambiguity invites us to extend the analyses to the contextual inferences to distinguish for instance its temporal and causal use. Moreover we cannot analyse the use of quando without considering its illocutionary force: for instance the questions introduced by quando perform a great variety of speech acts which reveal certain characteristics of the literary genre. Finally, the methods of Functional Grammar are necessary to study the level quando affects in the sentence structure, as the causal subordinate clause provides information on the interpersonal level and can be considered as a disjunct satellite. In the light of these considerations, it is evident that an eclectic approach is necessary to study the use of quando: only different linguistic approaches, combining the morpho-syntactic, semantic and enunciative point of view in an empirical description of its occurrences, can define the value of the different uses of quando. Thus the significance of this study resides in the multifunctionality of quando which allows us to consider a large variety of linguistic and extra-linguistic problems occurring not only at multiple levels of the sentence structure, but extended even to the larger context of the speech interaction and intimately linked to the authors writing techniques and the speakers discursive intentions
Ramirez, de Arellano José. „Politique linguistique et enseignement de langues étrangères au "Cono Sur"“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/RAMIREZ_DE_ARELLANO_Jose_va.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on changes that took place in the teaching of Spanish and Portuguese as foreign languages in the education systems of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay during the so-called Golden Decade spanning approximately from 2003 to 2012. Measures like the Law 11.161/2005 in Brazil, which compelled high schools to offer Spanish as an optional subject; the Law 26.468/2009 in Argentina, which established the same requirement for Portuguese; and the Law 18.437/2008 in Uruguay, which recognises Portuguese-based dialects spoken in the north of the country, imply a historical transformation of the relationship between these two Iberian languages, which had thus far been characterised by mutual marginality in school systems. However, the projects embodied in these laws clash with several budgetary, logistic, ideological and geopolitical realities which compromise their final achievement. Throughout this work we will try to identify which actors, forces and obstacles align around these languages in these three countries. Based on standard theoretical schemes integrating the notion of Language Planning, we propose a three-plane model where corpus, status and gravitation will allow us to apprehend the specificities of this case study: No other pair of languages in the world presents this level of both intelligibility and sociolinguistic importance, and never before had a generalised reciprocal teaching of them been so seriously attempted. Therefore this inquiry will focus on : (1) How does the fact that they are closely related languages determine determine their glottopolitical relationship and their insertion into education systems; (2) Which discourses accompany these and other foreign languages taught in schools and which political projects do they represent; (3) What are their internal gravitational characteristics, their projection and for which languages do they show preference in their translation flows. We thus hope to draw valid conclusions on gravitational vicissitudes of Spanish and Portuguese, as well as to shed some light on the challenges faced and resources found by supercentral languages in their quest for international spaces.This analysis shoud allow a better characterisation of the dichotomy between two models of linguistic globalisation: hypercentralist and supercentralist. One is unipolar, with English as the hegemonic language and supercentral languages relegated to local levels; the other is pluripolar, with these languages sharing their international presence under a prevailing glottopolitical horizontality
Wang, Yi. „Recherches de linguistique contrastive sur la phrase simple et la phrase complexe dans quelques langues des familles indo-européenne et sino-tibétaine (latin, français, diachronie du chinois)“. Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to highlight the originality of French (hypotactic) and Chinese (paratactic) languages and the reasons of their differences. Falling within contrastive linguistics mostly theoretical, this study focuses on the comparisons with regard to three aspects. Firstly, the general diachronic comparisons of French and Chinese allow us to better understand the affiliations between Latin and French, between archaic Chinese and contemporary Chinese. Secondly, to show their original character – hypotactic in Latin and French, paratactic in contemporary and archaic Chinese, the comparisons are implemented between French and Chinese, and between their origins, Latin and archaic Chinese, on three syntactic aspects: the word order, the correspondence between word classes and syntactic functions in the simple sentence and the ratio of proposals in the complex sentence. Finally, the comparison of philosophical reflections on language between the Greek antiquity and the Chinese antiquity, and the presentation of cultural divergence between individuality and global nature showing the Western and Chinese intellectual originality, allow us to detect from a philosophical and cultural perspective the underlying reason for their different original characters
Sfaxi, Intissar. „Contribution à la connaissance de la langue libyque : l'apport de l'onomastique“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStarting from the observation that there are inventories and comprehensive onomastic tools for the other linguistic spheres represented in ancient North Africa (Punic, Latin), my goal has been to develop a comparable instrument for the Libyan sphere which would bring together materials and provide a linguistic and etymological study as systematic as possible. In the vast field of onomastics, my research has focused primarily on anthroponomy, ethnonymy, and to a lesser extent on theonymy. It has been postulated that the onomastic materials could shed some light on the libycal language as the largely studied names are indigenous terms whose authenticity is beyond question. The linguistic and etymological analysis of onomastic data from epigraphic and historical sources provides an immediate access to the Libycal language. The materials of our work cover all of Ancient North Africa, which enables us to offer a global vision. Assembled, annotated and analyzed documentation is the basis for an onomastic corpus (Onosmasticon libycum), which currently has 636 lexical bases, and authorizes a number of sociolinguistic considerations on the Libyco-Punic and Libyco-Roman worlds. Linguistically speaking, the study of the onomastic corpus allows for both a set of useful information for lexical and grammatical history of the language, and a precise set of data relating to the ancient linguistic situation. The examination of the Libycal onomastic data and its results constitute a first approach to the Libycal language and a starting point and working basis which could be developed in future research
MAUREL, JEAN PIERRE. „Le syntagme nominal en latin : syntaxe et semantique (les emplois du genitif chez plaute et terence)“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on a particular aspect of the way the noun phrase operates in latin: the use of genitive (in plautus and terence). An analysis of the datives of "possession" and "sympathy" casts a doubt on the existence of strictly "possessive" uses: in point of fact, the genitive reveals a subordination in which the word in the genitive designates a "particular term". Comparing the genitives and ablatives of "quality" then makes it possible to identify certain classifying uses. The study of the genitives of "measurement" finally suggests to distinguish an operation of quantification and an operation of partition. A new mode of genitive classification is subsequently proposed, which is based on the referential properties of the terms under review. A general reflexion on the use of the cases and the nature of syntactic functions in latin concludes the study
Chollet, Jacques. „Etude morphologique et sémantique de fidus, fidens, fidelis, infidus, infidelis, perfidus“. Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe different adjective or adverbial forms of the etymological family of fides seemed to pave a new way of access to the semantical substance of this word. The introduction shows how a certain tradition dating back from the teaching of ancient grammarians and especially of servius had caused this kind of study to be ne lected. A more careful reading of the whole tradition leads to the reconsideration of the generally accepted conclusions. The first part provides an exhaustive list of the number of all the occurrences of the forms of the etymological family of fides, from the origins to the early Christian texts. The occurrences are classified into eight synchronies. Their distribution between prose and poetry is studied statistically. All the uses of the degrees of the adjectives, showing noticeable differences, are also catalogued here. In the second part, the semantical study allows revealing, from the uses in the texts, the semantical substance of the adjectives or adverbs, as it appears in the earliest authors and as it has evolved through all the studied periods. So it defines the specificity of the semantical substance of each adjective or adverb and it describes how gradually, in certain uses (by metonymy, metaphor or catachresis), some adjectives acquired a semantical substance so similar that it could seem identical. However it is obvious that the Christians have kept (in)fidelis for its own semantical substance. The semantical study leads up to re-examine the etymological hypotheses and especially that of A. Meillet. The skt. Sraddha- does not allow proving the existence of the couple credo - fides, nor consequently the inherited religious value of fides. It is possible that fides issues, by hypostasis, from an ancient form of singular instrumental
Argiolas, Valeria. „L'action du substrat/adstrat libyco-berbère en latin littéraire et épigraphique“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this thesis in historical linguistics concerns the action of a Libyco-berber substrate and/or adstrate in literary and epigraphic Latin. The concept of “Libyco-berber” is meant to be inspired by the continuum of the Libyan scripts and the tifinaγ. Historically identified by the geographic distribution and the partial interpretation of the Libyan scripts, this concept denotes an ideal link with the Berber-speaking area and a diachronic dimension. This thesis represents the first linguistic investigation on Latin’s attested most ancient lexical forms in comparison with Libyco-berber. The state of the art on this field consists in the problematization of the “Mediterranean substrate” and/or of the “Libyan substrate” in African Latin and in Romance languages (cf. Hubschmid 1956; Silvestri 1977 and 1978), and in the recent studies on an “amaziγ” substrate in African literary and epigraphic Latin and Romance by Múrcia Sànchez (2010).The methodology adopted is based on a structuralist approach at the crossroads of linguistic anthropology and philology. The historical framework of this thesis situates the African “barbarians” in a comparison with the Roman and Byzantine Sardinia’s inhabitants. The first etymology put forward (chap. III) is about the phonetic and semantic reconstruction of the name of a deity belonging to the Archaic Roman religion (cf. Dumézil 1956): (MATER) MĀTŪTA. The technical languages of phytonymy, agriculture and breeding (chap. IV) as well as those of braiding and weaving (chap. V) are then investigated. The technical words etymologized are: ARBŌS (ARBOR); BATTUŌ; FALCŌ, FALX, FILIX, PULCHER; LILIUM; NIGER; OLĪUA; PIRUS; QUISQUILIAE, CUSCULIUM; RŌSMARĪNUM; TARUA, TERGUM; BUDA; BUTTIS, *BUTTIA, ABYSSUS; CAETRA, CHERDA, CARTALLUS, GERDIUS, CHITARA, CISTA; FĒNUM; FĪLUM; FŪNIS, FĪNIS, SINUS; RĒTE; TABULA. The Libyco-berber influence on Latin is sometimes mediated by the Greek language. An etymology for these words is also put forward
Defresne, Michèle. „L' expression de la faible quantité en latin : parvum, paulum, pauci, dans le cadre de la théorie de l'argumentation dans la langue d'O. Ducrot“. Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMellet, Sylvie. „L'imparfait en latin classique- l'imparfait de l'indicatif : temps, aspect, modalite; etude synchronique dans une perspective enonciative“. Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe indicative imperfect in classical latin gives a complex image of state of affairs: this tense relates, from a reference point situated in the past, an accomplished part of the state of affairs (this part is never null) to a virtual part that includes all the possible worlds spreading from the reference point. This internal view of state of affairs is realized by an enunciative operation regarded as aspectual; but it entails that a temporal topic is to be previously selected by the speaker. So, this free choice has in narrative stylistic implications and in discourse has often pragmatic motivations. From a corpus containing various kinds of works and homogeneity of which is first estimated by statistic tests, we studie the contexts that favour use of imperfect rather than use of other latin preterits and we analyse this tense value, using at once stylistic explanations and statistic correlations and paying attention to syntactic redundances. The aspectual value of imperfect, which suggestes relationship with pluperfect and opposition with perfect, supplies an united explanation of its various uses, all depending on a modalising view of the speaker who, more or less, takes advantage of virtual perspectives opened by this tense
Foubert, Frédéric. „Les Res gestae Alexandri Macedonis de Julius Valerius: études lexicales, syntaxiques et stylistiques“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210611.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
JOFFRE, M.-DOMINIQUE. „Le verbe : voix, diathese, transitivite“. Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this work is to study the functioning of the different voices of the latin verbal system : active and passive voices, deponent verbs, pronominal structures. We will examin the way in which the verbal morphems -endings and suffixes -*to- and -*ndo- - are significant of the semantic connectio (or diathesis) which is established between verbs and substantive nouns
Clerico, Geneviève. „Analyses phoniques et prosodiques au 16e siècle : origines et préhistoire d'une discipline“. Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080916.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present investigation falls within the framework of a history of phonetics and aims at understanding the models of analysis and principles of classification of the phonic material of language (sounds, syllables, prosodic phenomena) together with the terminology thereof in use between the end of the 15th century and the middle of the 17th. The corpus of textes under scrutiny principally includes nebrija, erasmus, bovelles, j. C. Scaliger, ramus, lipsius, vossius and lancelot. Theses authors claim to be concerned with the latin language ; their enunciation of and reflection on problems for analysis is situated within a tradition which can be traced back to greco-latin antiquity. It was necessary to establish a synthesis and an assessment of this ancient contribution. The main aim of the study is to show how the 16th century authors' linguistic and cultural circumstances (latin bilingualism, language et learning vs mother tongue) highlight the inappropriateness of a model conceived for describing latin, and the modifications that this model required for the study of phonic material from the new vernaculars
Le, Hénaff-Rozé Catherine. „Les brittonismes dans les Vitae sanctorum armoricaines antérieures aux invasions normandes“. Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work studies the influence of the old Breton substractum on the Latin of the Armorican saints' lives prior to the Norman invasions. The study, mainly statistical and comparative, is based on lists established in these texts (about thirty) and in six other texts selected as testimonies (five continental Vitae influenced by a Romanic or Germanic substractum, and an Irish Vita). It was directed on morphosyntax and vocabulary, and focused for the morphosyntax, on unus et solus, then on prepositions (particularly cum, contra, desuper, and the prepositions / adverbs meaning " around "); and regarding the vocabulary, on the anthroponyms (seen among other things from the angle of inflection), the toponyms and the generic names which are closely linked, and at last on some common names. This allowed to evaluate in the Breton texts the compliance to the written Latin standards of this period, and to point out some particularities which are more or less likely to be brittonnisms
Alizon, Aude. „L’énoncé étymologique latin : formes et sens“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the ancient idea of language, the linguistic sign has something to do with the object denoted, whereas the modern idea is based on the arbitrariness of the sign. Then, etymology consists in giving the origin of words mainly as the reason why things are called that way (unde et cur uerba rebus imposita sint “whence and why words have been applied to things”). Unfortunately, etymological theory of Latin grammarians came to us with many blanks, but etymological utterances, which are the very place for the linguistic expression of the speaker, are overabundant. In order to study the meaning of ancient etymology, which has long been considered as “fanciful”, “false” or “folk”, this work is based on a corpus of 1,800 etymological utterances taken from Varro, Cicero, Aulus Gellius and Isidore of Seville. The first part looks into the different formal structures which can contain etymological utterances, and we find that in spite of metalinguistic marks, the constant amalgam between usage and mention reveals the confusion of the speaker between signifier, signified and object. The second part explains why the relation between an explicandum and its explicans seems most of the time established from a rather faint formal similarity. This phonetical hyperlaxity comes from the overextension of certain phenomena observed by the speaker and theorized in a pattern according to which phonemes can be added, suppressed, transformed or moved in a word: the word is an entity likely to present variations in its form with no change of the signified. The third part mentions definitions and specificities of ancient etymology, then, shows by the study of derivation processes that etymology is above all a search for signification, which is confirmed by the study of the words (re-)analyzed as formed with several semantical elements. This work comes to the conclusion that Latin etymological speech has a lot to do with eponymy, which is another way to “tell the truth”
Haffar, Bilal Kamel. „La phrase relative chez Terence : étude linguistique et philologique de la phrase relative dans l'œuvre de P. Terentius Afer“. Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040244.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the relative clause shows that is impossible to reduce the relative clause to a unique pattern which is adopted by the majority of the linguistic theoreticians: the pattern with antecedent. Others patterns emerge and the casual distribution of the relative pronoun shows that are three patterns fundamentally different : the binary pattern : qui is ; the is. . . Qui pattern and the tripartite pattern: antecedent + relatif pronoun + sv. The philological exam and the numeric analyses had renforced our hypothesis
Corno, Stefano. „Autour de la relation tête-dépendant dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes : typologie et reconstruction“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this work is to study co-variation mechanisms between the head of a nominal constituent and its dependent(s) in the following ancient Indo-European languages: Indo-Iranian, Greek, Italic and Anatolian. By analysing in detail nominal and pronominal morphology within each of these groups, we shall determine which agreement classes are possible, and which ones are not, and define which role is played by desinential morphemes in the co-variation. In languages which distinguish three genders, inflectional classes are more numerous and either the head or the dependent bear the gender information, or neither, or both. However, when the dependent is a pronoun, the gender may be implied by the morphological type.We shall particularly focus on the agreement relations between head and dependent in core syntactic roles: A (transitive agent), P (patient) and U (unique participant in an intransitive construction). The marking of these roles is considerably different depending on whether the nouns are animate or inanimate. Animate nouns are marked in the same way in the four groups which are under scrutiny, whereas in the case of inanimate nouns Anatolian behaves in a drastically different way: the differential marking of A and U shows a limited capacity of inanimate nouns to become agents, which is also reflected in verbal indexation.The organisation shown by Anatolian is postulated as original in the field of Indo-European: the constraint of animation is decisive in becoming an agent