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1

Black, R. M. "Recent Developments in Cable Technology." Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology 2, no. 4 (1986): 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/147776068600200403.

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Attention is drawn to a number of recent developments in cable technology which are considered to constitute significant advances during recent years. These include: the Conform continuous casting process for copper rod and wire production; the crosslinking of polymeric cable insulation by radiation processing and by the silane grafting technique; the improvement of the reaction-to-fire properties of polymeric insulated cables and the design and construction of optical fibre cables. A novel installation technique used during the laying of the cross-channel submarine power cables is also descri
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2

Vysotski, M. E. "The Choice of a Construction Arrangement for Cable Lines with a Voltage of 10 kV According to the Criterion of the Minimum Expected Cost." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 67, no. 6 (2024): 488–500. https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2024-67-6-488-500.

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The article considers the issue of choosing the optimal construction arrangement of cable lines with a voltage of 10 (20, 35) kV with cross-linked polyethylene insulation. The options for using three or single-core cables laid in a triangle or in a plane are analyzed. The methodological basis of the work is the principle of minimizing the expected costs, taking into account both capital investments and annual costs, including losses of electrical energy in cables. Within the framework of the study, a nomogram of economic intervals was scheduled, which makes it possible to determine the optimal
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3

Andreev, V. A., A. V. Bourdine, and V. A. Burdin. "Comprehensive solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks." Radio industry (Russia) 30, no. 4 (2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-4-8-13.

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Problem statement. In recent years, the problem of replacing copper-core fiber-optic cables has become particularly relevant. This is due to two factors: first, the prospect of introducing unmanned vehicles and the development of electromagnetic microwave weapons that can disable electronic equipment for almost any target at a distance of 10 km or more, and second, the growing need to reduce the delay of transmitted signals on the network and increase the volume of information transmitted in these networks. The article describes the construction of onboard cable networks using fiberoptic cable
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4

Xuan, Shengxiexian, Zupeng Teng, Ying Jiang, et al. "Analysis of the optimal parameters for serpentine laying of high-voltage cables considering the influence of various factors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012037.

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Abstract High-voltage power cables can be subjected to thermomechanical forces during operation due to the rising cable temperature or drastic ambient temperature changes, which threaten the operational safety of the cables. In this paper, first of all, the thermal expansion, serpentine arc displacement and serpentine arc axial force of the cable in the limit operation state are analyzed theoretically. The serpentine arc displacement and serpentine arc axial force under different serpentine laying parameters are compared and the optimal laying method is derived. Then the theoretical optimal so
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5

Tabassum, Nisar, and Raj Rashmi. "Comparison and Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence in Free Space Optical Communication for Srinagar." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 3 (2020): 167–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3892471.

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Traditional microwave communication systems can no longer support high bandwidth demand. Telecommunications companies in the country are therefore investing huge sums of money in laying underground fiber cables for their backbone network. The challenges these companies face in laying optical fiber cables include inaccessibility in the 4 major cities. These cities have already developed infrastructure i.e. buildings and roads . Therefore digging and laying cables are very difficult if not impossible in some suburbs. In such areas, the companies are forced to depend on microwave links. Again, du
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6

Cheng, Hai Qing, Ping Qian, Meng Chu Wu, and Jin Sheng Liu. "Information Management System of Smart Substation Electrical/Optical Cables Based on RFID Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1850.

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A kind new type of information management system of smart substation electrical /optical cables (hereinafter referred to as: cables) based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is proposed, because the current information management efficiency of substation cables is low and the error rate is high. The paper analyses and optimizes the composition and realization way of the information management system in the design, construction and inspection three aspects, to implement software read CAD drawings, software generates and optimizes the arrangement of cables and path planning. Eng
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Ogasawara, Yukitoshi, and Wataru Natsu. "A Cost-Effective Approach to the Risk Reduction of Cable Fault Triggered by Laying Repeaters of Fiber-Optic Submarine Cable Systems in Deep-Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090939.

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Long-distance submarine cable systems, such as the transoceanic system, generally consist of a series of cables and repeaters. Repeater units are spaced at regular intervals to boost the attenuated optical signal and presently contain optical amplifiers in a pressure vessel made of copper alloy. Since the repeater unit is more massive than the cable, it pulls the cable catenary locally toward the seabed. In the 1990s, several studies numerically simulated cable behavior in the water and showed that the seabed slack runs short, and the seabed cable tension increases just before the repeater rea
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Jurdana, Irena, Biserka Rukavina, and Sandra Tominac Coslovich. "Legal regime regulating the laying and protection of submarine cables in the Republic of Croatia." Pomorstvo 35, no. 1 (2021): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.35.1.13.

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One of the strategic development priorities of the Republic of Croatia is the development and construction of a modern telecommunications network and the availability of high-speed Internet throughout its territory, especially in rural areas and on islands. To enable this, it is important to build a reliable and resilient communication infrastructure. With the cooperation of all stakeholders in the construction, from telecom operators to local and state administrations responsible for the maritime demesne, and with efficient legislation, it is possible to achieve sustainable development of sub
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9

Gureev, V. O., M. V. Dashkov, and O. Y. Gubareva. "Investigation of the influence of climatic conditions on the accuracy of acousto-optic trace route localization methods for all-dielectric optic cables." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2339, no. 1 (2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2339/1/012006.

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Abstract In the conditions of long-term operation of cable communication lines, the problem of timely maintenance of cable communication lines becomes relevant. Maintenance at minimum cost and maximum efficiency requires precise cable tracing methods. The paper considers the results of evaluating the effectiveness of acousto-optical methods for searching for the route of laying an all-dielectric optical cable laid in a package of microtubes underground. Amplitude and phase algorithms for localizing the route of laying an all-dielectric cable are considered. The results of measurements of the p
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10

Huang, Lifan, Bin Luo, Mingmin Ding, Chunshui Zhang, and Yangjie Ruan. "A Cumulative Expansion Force-Finding Method for Suspension-Cable Truss Composite Structure." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8828658.

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Suspension-cable truss composite structure is a new type of cable-strut structure which combines the conventional cable structure with the rigid truss. By laying rigid roofing slabs, this composite structure offsets most effect of the wind suction, reduces the axial force of the stable cables, and reduces the large vertical displacement effectively when compared with conventional cable trusses. For this new structure, the deformation relevance between adjacent substructures results in a nonindependent and stable union. To effectively and precisely find the cable forces of a suspension-cable tr
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11

Kojima, Junichi. "Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis for Laying and Recovery of Optical Submarine Cables." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1990, no. 168 (1990): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1990.168_309.

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12

Vysotski, M. E. "Determination of Optimal Parameters of the Ground Filling During the Laying of Power Cable Lines." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 68, no. 2 (2025): 128–39. https://doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2026-68-2-128-139.

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The present article discusses the problem of the technical and economic efficiency of using materials with increased thermal conductivity when filling trenches of power cable lines. The specific thermal resistance of the soil significantly affects the permissible cable currents and, as a result, the choice of their cross-section. When the soil dries out or it is initially of high thermal resistance, the carrying capacity of the conductors decreases, which often forces the use of cables with a larger cross-section to provide the required load current. One of the ways to improve cooling conditio
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КЕМЕЛЬБЕКОВ, Б. Ж., та С. П. ЛУГАНСКАЯ. "ТАЛШЫҚТЫ ЖАРЫҚ ӨТКІЗГІШТЕР МЕН ТАЛШЫҚТЫ-ОПТИКАЛЫҚ КАБЕЛЬДЕРДІҢ МЕХАНИКАЛЫҚ БЕРІКТІГІ". Industrial transport of Kazakhstan, № 3(72) (15 вересня 2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.58420/itk.2021.72.3.005.

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В статье приведены результаты исследований механической прочности волоконных световодов волоконно-оптических кабелей. Рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на прочность световодов, что является снижением прочности оптоволокна. Описаны воздействующие нагрузки на трещины и причины роста трещин в оптоволокне. Так же рассмотрены различные механические воздействия при изготовлении, прокладке и эксплуатации оптических кабелей и меры предосторожности предотвращения этих воздействий. Мақалада талшықты-оптикалық кабельдердің сәуле бағыттағыштың механикалық беріктігін зерттеу нәтижелері қарастырылған. Оптикалық
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14

Wang, Zengfu, Qing Wang, Moshe Zukerman, and Bill Moran. "A Seismic Resistant Design Algorithm for Laying and Shielding of Optical Fiber Cables." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 14 (2017): 3060–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2711658.

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15

Tsitson, I. I., and E. I. Gracheva. "Method of calculation of temperature parameters and service life of 10 kv cable lines." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 16, no. 4 (2024): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2023-16-4-263-269.

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This study is based on the analysis of the methodology for calculating the temperature parameters of 10 kV cable lines and calculating the service life of insulation under various operating conditions, as well as identifying dependencies that allow the most accurate selection of cable parameters during operation at industrial facilities. The results of the study can be used to improve the energy efficiency of enterprises, and contribute to reducing the number of emergency failures of cable lines that may occur due to thermal breakdowns caused by incorrect choice of cable parameters under certa
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16

Nakazawa, Masataka. "Proposal of multifunctional coherent Nyquist pulse and ultra-high-speed and high-efficiency optical transmission technology." Impact 2020, no. 2 (2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.2.18.

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A cornerstone of technological advancement in the last century has been the development of ever faster and higher capacity telecommunications. Being able to transmit large amounts of information, at a good rate over long distances is essential for running many of the services, business and industries that we all rely upon. The development of large national and international telecommunication networks underpins the internet and, with it, the World Wide Web. All this powers a huge range of diverse activities as security services, the entertainment industry, national health services and distribut
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17

Zhao, Mengke, Yi Hao, Chunqiang Lu, and Suyi Li. "Design and Implementation of an Underwater Information Acquisition System Prototype Based on Optical Fiber Communication." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9648354.

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Ocean observation plays an important role in many areas, such as marine scientific research, environmental expedition, and resource exploitation. Traditional observation generally acquires periodical marine information and lacks real-time performances. To realize underwater observation of multi-information in real-time, an information acquisition system is designed in this study based on optical fiber communication. A multichannel interface between the diverse sensors and the slave computer is designed. It shields discrepancies of different sensor data and allows collecting information of vari
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18

Desouky, S. S., A. Z. El-Dein, R. A. Abd El-Aal, and N. A. A. El-Rahman. "A New Contribution in Reducing Electric Field Distribution Within/Around Medium Voltage Underground Cable Terminations." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (2017): 1962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1357.

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Ιn medium voltage cables, the stress control layers play an important part in controlling the electric field distribution around the medium voltage underground cable terminations. Underground cable accessories, used in medium voltage cable systems, need a stress control tube in order to maintain and control the insulation level which is designed for long life times. The term “electrical stress control” refers to the cable termination analysis of optimizing the electrical stress in the area of insulation shield cutback to reduce the electrical field concentration at this point in order to reduc
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Desouky, S. S., A. Z. El-Dein, El-Aal R. A. Abd, and N. A. A. El-Rahman. "A New Contribution in Reducing Electric Field Distribution Within/Around Medium Voltage Underground Cable Terminations." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (2017): Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037193.

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Ιn medium voltage cables, the stress control layers play an important part in controlling the electric field distribution around the medium voltage underground cable terminations. Underground cable accessories, used in medium voltage cable systems, need a stress control tube in order to maintain and control the insulation level which is designed for long life times. The term “electrical stress control” refers to the cable termination analysis of optimizing the electrical stress in the area of insulation shield cutback to reduce the electrical field concentration at this point in order to reduc
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20

Liu, Xinyu, Huijuan Wu, Yufeng Wang, et al. "A Fast Accurate Attention-Enhanced ResNet Model for Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) Signal Recognition in Complicated Urban Environments." Photonics 9, no. 10 (2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100677.

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The fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS), which utilizes existing communication cables as its sensing media, plays an important role in urban infrastructure monitoring and natural disaster prediction. In the face of a wide, dynamic environment in urban areas, a fast, accurate DAS signal recognition method is proposed with an end-to-end attention-enhanced ResNet model. In preprocessing, an objective evaluation method is used to compare the distinguishability of different input features with the Euclidean distance between the posterior probabilities classified correctly and incorrectly;
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Suponyev, Vladimir, Stanislav Vivchar, Vitaliy Ragulin, Oleksandr Orel, Oleksandrа Olieinikova, and Serhii Kovalevskyi. "Determination of the maximum traction force of the screw working body when piercing the soil." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.54.

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Bilotsky, S. "International legal aspects of the use of marine cables and pipelines." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 75 (2023): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.75.3.24.

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The article deals with the international legal status and regime of cables and pipelines in maritime spaces. The legal regime of submarine cables and pipelines is a part of international and, in relevant areas, national law. At the international legal level, it is primarily represented by universal international conventions, but some issues of their functioning are regulated only by national law. In the UN Convention of 1982, the rules on the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, on the one hand, and the rules on types of maritime activities, on the other, which are objectively in competit
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Mrs.Shafana, Mol M. I*1 Sreelekshmi V2 &. Reshma Krishnan K3. "UNDRGROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION ROBOT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY NACETEC' 19 (April 11, 2019): 227–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2636948.

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The basic principle of Electromagnetic theory is to detect discontinuity in the cable .Nowadays the trend of laying cables for various purpose is to lay underground. . Most of the companies choose cables laying the underground because the climatic adversities don’t affect this.  There are many difficulties in laying the cables and once laid , it is difficult and costly to fix it. So to overcome this issue, we have designed a robot which is capable of  finding where the complaint lies, so the engineer can directly get the hole digged at that point and fix this issue.
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Fu, Chen-Zhao, Wen-Rong Si, Lei Quan, and Jian Yang. "Numerical Study of Heat Transfer in Trefoil Buried Cable with Fluidized Thermal Backfill and Laying Parameter Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4741871.

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Trefoil buried cable is one of the important cable arrangements for the underground transmission line, and its heat transfer performance is relatively poor. By filling with fluidized thermal backfill material (FTB) around trefoil buried cables, the heat transfer would be efficiently enhanced, while the filling cost should also be considered. In the present study, the heat transfer process in the FTB trefoil buried cables is numerically studied, where the cable core loss and eddy current loss in the cable were coupled for the simulation. The heat transfer performances and ampacities for trefoil
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Gulski, Jongen, Rakowska, and Siodla. "Offshore Wind Farms On-Site Submarine Cable Testing and Diagnosis with Damped AC." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193703.

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: The current power cables IEC standards do not provide adequate recommendations for after-laying testing and diagnosis of offshore export and inter-array power cables. However the standards IEEE 400 and IEEE 400.4 recommend partial discharge monitored testing, e.g., by continuous or damped AC voltages (DAC). Based on the international experiences, as collected in more than 20 years at different power grids, this contribution focuses on the use of DAC for after-laying testing and diagnosis of submarine power cables both the export and inter-array cables. Higher risk of failure, long unavailabi
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Fu, Chen-Zhao, Wen-Rong Si, Duo Yang, and Jian Yang. "Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Optimum Design for Trench Laying Cables with Ceramic Plates." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1227817.

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Trench laying cables are often used at inlet and outlet regions of a power distribution cabinet. In order to improve the heat transfer performance and extend service life of a trench laying cable, the heat transfer and cable ampacity of the trench laying cable with a ceramic plate were numerically studied in the present paper and the results were compared with those of a traditional trench laying cable. The variations of conductor loss and eddy current loss of different loop cables were discussed in the trench with a ceramic plate, and the effects of ceramic plate parameters on heat transfer p
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Chen, Changkun, Yipeng Bao, Boyuan Zuo, Jia Zhang, and Yuhuai Wang. "Experimental Investigation of Flame Spread Characteristics in Cable Fires Within Covered Trays Under Different Tilt Angles." Fire 8, no. 7 (2025): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8070272.

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In the actual installation of cables, inclined cable laying within covered cable trays is a relatively common method. To investigate the effects of different tilt angles on the combustion behavior of cables within covered cable trays, aluminum conductor polyethylene-insulated power cables were used as the test cables. The flame morphology, temperature distribution, and fire spread rate during the cable combustion process were analyzed for experimental scenarios for which the cable laying angles and the ignition positions changed. The results indicate that the inclination angle of the covered c
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Bakirov, I. K. "Investigation of the reliability level of electric cables for sustainable fire protection systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 3 (2022): 032036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032036.

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Abstract According to statistics, electrical wiring is the most fire-dangerous type of electrical installations, as they account for about 44% of all fires related to electrical equipment and electrical devices. The relevance of the work is that the reliability of cables of fire protection systems directly affects the success of these systems in performing their functions in a fire, which directly affects the safety of people in a fire. The paper evaluates the stability of electric cables of fire protection systems for various methods of laying in conditions of fire exposure, and conducts fiel
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Choi, Jin-Kyu, Shuhei Nishida, Takashi Yokobiki, and Katsuyoshi Kawaguchi. "Automated Cable-Laying System for Thin Optical-Fiber Submarine Cable Installation." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 40, no. 4 (2015): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2014.2363785.

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Lu, Zhifei, Chen Cao, Yongqiang Ge, et al. "Research on Improving the Working Efficiency of Hydraulic Jet Submarine Cable Laying Machine." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070745.

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The anchoring and hooking of ships, bedrock friction and biological corrosion threaten the safety and stability of submarine cables. A hydraulic jet submarine cable laying machine manages to bury the submarine cables deep into the seabed, and effectively reduces the occurrence of external damage to the submarine cables. This machine uses a hydraulic jet system to realize trenching on the seabed. However, the hydraulic jet submarine cable laying machine has complicated operation and high power consumption with high requirements on the mother ship, and it is not yet the mainstream trenching meth
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Kravets, Svyatoslav, Vladimir Suponyev, Aleksei Goponov, Vitaliy Ragulin, Oleksandr Shchukin, and Oleksii Dmytrenko. "Experimental determination of the critical depth of cutting of blocked soil cutting by cutters and the length of the ploughshare of chain excavators." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 95 (December 16, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.95.0.43.

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The development of civil and industrial construction and the growing trend of construction of underground communications have led to an increase in the volume of work on the laying of gas and oil pipelines, water mains, sewerage systems, power cables and communication cables. Much of the excavation work in the construction of these communications is performed by trench excavators.
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Rusan, Igor, and Yevhenii Korotkov. "Analytical review of developments and im-provements of the working body of the cable-layer at trenchless laying of cables." Gіrnichі, budіvelnі, dorozhnі ta melіorativnі mashini, no. 96 (December 31, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/gbdmm2020.96.0402.

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The article provides an analytical review of scientific developments to improve the process of cable laying in general and specifically the working body of the cable layer in the trenchless laying of cables in different geological conditions.
 Using the patent documentation, the search and analysis of materials for the improvement of the working body of the cable layer and the main advantages of trenchless cable laying were carried out.
 The task of trenchless laying is: laying of water supply networks, sewerage, gas pipeline; laying of power supply cables, telephone and fibre-optic
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Tao, Xiantao, Hao Liu, Lei Wang, et al. "Comparative Study on the Ampacity of 500 kV Single-Core and Three-Core Submarine Cable." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2731, no. 1 (2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2731/1/012014.

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Abstract Submarine cable is an important equipment for data communication and power transmission in power systems, which has a complex laying environment. According to its structure, submarine cables can be divided into two types, single-core cables and three-core cables. In practical engineering, cable selection is crucial to ensure the safe and stable operation of the cable and reduce the cost. The present work compares the ampacity of 500 kV single-core cable and three-core cable with the same conductor cross-section area under certain laying conditions. And the temperature rise situation o
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Okkerstrøm, L., O. T. Gudmestad, and E. Pedersen. "Simulation of peak tension loads in Subsea power cables during installation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1201, no. 1 (2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1201/1/012010.

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Abstract At present, most of the insurance claims in the offshore wind industry are due to cable failures where a large percentage occurs during the installation of the array and export cables. As the reliability of the cables depends on the location and installation method, it is important to map the risks involved, which can compromise the cable’s integrity in individual projects. This paper presents sensitivity analyses conducted on crucial parameters in the cable laying process, with an objective of successful installation of subsea power cables without any damages to the cable. The analys
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Ashpole, R. S., D. L. Lewis, R. J. W. Powell, and J. D. S. Hinchliffe. "Hydrogen in optical cables." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 132, no. 3 (1985): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1985.0035.

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36

Gontar, Yu, and T. Antonets. "Influence of heating dynamics of polymer insulation of medium voltage power cables on their performance." Lighting engineering and power engineering 3, no. 59 (2020): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-3-59-127-130.

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Currently, global trends in the development of medium voltage cable networks are aimed at the introduction of cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation. Such cables are innovative products of domestic cable manufacturers. Most often, single-core cables are laid in parallel in one plane. The article analyzes a number of significant features of cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation, which affect the thermal regime both in working condition and in emergency operation, among which - the dependence of thermal conductivity and heat capacity of polymer insulation on temperature. Cab
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Choi, Jin-Kyu, Eiichiro Araki, and Katsuyoshi Kawaguchi. "Cable Laying Using an ROV." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 5 (2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.5.12.

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AbstractA remotely operated vehicle (ROV) can install submarine cables along a planned route accurately, thereby deploying cabled seafloor observatories at the intended locations. In this study, we developed an ROV-based cable-laying system. Its manual and automated versions have been successfully used for the installation of the Dense Oceanfloor Network system for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET). The automated cable-laying system shows many advantages; for example, the cable-laying speed increased by approximately 0.1 knot from 0.5 knot, and the number of operators was reduced by half. Thus,
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Yang, N., D.-S. Jeng, and X. L. Zhou. "Tension Analysis of Submarine Cables during Laying Operations." Open Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149520131130009.

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This paper presents a semi-analytical approximation for a two-dimensional (2D) tension analysis of submarine cables during laying operations. In the analysis, based on geometric compatibility relations and equilibrium equations, a set of non-linear differential equations are obtained. The present model considers effects of ocean currents, cable ship motion, pay-out rate, water depth and material properties on submarine cable behavior in water, which are crucial during laying operations. As shown in numerical examples, with consideration of currents and cable ship motion, the cable tension appe
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39

Fedorichev, L. A., and O. V. Bukunova. "Development of a Software Module for Constructing a Scheme of Laying Cable Routes on the Basis of Graph Theory." LETI Transactions on Electrical Engineering & Computer Science 16, no. 10 (2023): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2071-8985-2023-16-10-52-59.

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This article analyzes the existing software applications used in the construction of schemes for laying cable routes. It is shown that such applications provide little functionality when optimizing route laying. In this study, we set out to create a software module based on an improved Dijkstra algorithm, which can be used in combination with the existing software. The developed module is capable of finding the shortest path when laying cable routes, taking into account logical and physical obstacles. The software module is implemented in Java and uses the concurrency module to parallelize cal
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Korotkevich, M. A., and S. N. Azarov. "The Evaluation of Impact of Cable Power Lines on the Environment." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 5 (2019): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-5-422-432.

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The thermal impact of cable power lines and structural materials of cables on the environment has been considered. A quantitative evaluation of the thermal impact of electrical cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation on the environment was carried out using the Elcut program. Analysis of the temperature field near the loaded cable line of 10 kV demonstrated high values of soil temperature that negatively affects its redox potential and living organisms. To evaluate the environmental impact of electrical cable materials, an approach has been developed that takes into account not only t
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Liu, Weigong, Xueliang Hu, Zhentang Shi, Dechu Li, Jin Sun, and Ming Gu. "Simulation and analysis of overvoltage caused by lightning strike on the outer sheath of high voltage cable." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3043, no. 1 (2025): 012113. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3043/1/012113.

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Abstract For the problem of insufficient attention to lightning protection of the outer sheath of high-voltage cable, the ATP-EMTP electromagnetic transient simulation software is used to establish a simulation model of the induced lightning overvoltage of the outer sheath of 110kV cables. The influence of factors such as the amplitude of lightning current, the distance between lightning and cables, cable length, laying method, and grounding resistance on the amplitude of induced lightning overvoltage is studied. The simulation results show that the order of magnitude of the induced lightning
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Korotkevich, M. A., and S. I. Podgaisky. "On the Expediency of Laying Cable Power Lines with a Voltage of 6–35 kV Outside Settlements Instead of Overhead Power Lines." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 65, no. 5 (2022): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2023-65-5-463-476.

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. It is noted that at present, 10 and 35 kV overhead power transmission lines are being laid outside the settlements of the Republic of Belarus on reinforced concrete vibrated (10 kV) and centrifuged (35 kV) poles that are characterized by low reliability and damaging the environment (on account of alienation of land for poles, the need to make a wide clearing for laying in the forest, obstructions by poles and wires of lines to the operation of agricultural machinery, the danger of electric shock to personnel and the public). It is possible to avoid these disadvantages if, instead of overhead
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Zhang, Shenghan, Han Liu, Sanjay Govindjee, and Matthew J. DeJong. "Strain Transfer Mechanisms and Mechanical Properties of Optical Fiber Cables." Sensors 22, no. 24 (2022): 9966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249966.

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Understanding the strain transfer mechanism is required to interpret strain sensing results for fiber optic cables. The strain transfer mechanism for fiber optic cables embedded in cementitious materials has yet to be thoroughly investigated experimentally. Interpretation of fiber optic sensing results is of particular concern when there is a displacement discontinuity. This study investigates the strain transfer mechanism for different types of fiber optic cables while embedded in concrete cubes, sustaining a boundary condition which features a displacement discontinuity. The strain transfer
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Su, Jingang, Peng Zhang, Xingwang Huang, Xianhai Pang, Xun Diao, and Yan Li. "Current Measurement of Three-Core Cables via Magnetic Sensors." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17164007.

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Due to their compact structure and low laying cost, three-core power cables are widely used for power distribution networks. The three-phases of such cables are distributed symmetrically with a 120° shift to each other. Phase current is an important parameter to reflect the operation state of the power system and three-core cable. Three-core symmetrical power cables use a common shield, leading to magnetic field cancelation outside the cable during steady operation. Thus, traditional magnetic-based current transformers cannot measure the phase current on three-core cable non-invasively. In ord
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Charbonneau-Lefort, Mathieu, and Michael J. Yadlowsky. "Optical Cables for Consumer Applications." Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 4 (2015): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2390223.

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46

Andhina, Sisca Arisya Harry. "Macrobending Loss Analysis on Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Optic Core." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 9, no. 2 (2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v9i2.169.

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Macrobending often occurs in optical fibers that embedded in the ground due to shifting of soil or rocks in the ground causing interference in transmission. In this study used single-mode-multimode-singlemode fiber optic cable connected manually and axially measured using a light source test equipment and optical power meter and the results will be compared. The measurement results obtained the greater value of macrobending losses with the smaller the diameter of the winding, and the greater the number of turns. The highest value of macrobending losses in multimode cables is -1.48dB at 0.5cm d
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Eriksrud, Morten. "Protecting submarine cables for enhanced connectivity." Open Access Government 38, no. 1 (2023): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-038-10729.

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Protecting submarine cables for enhanced connectivity Morten Eriksrud, at ASN Norway AS, looks to the protection of the global network of submarine cables and other critical subsea infrastructure. Optical communication technology is the key technology to making internet connectivity available all over the world. Fibre-optic cables, distributing data with the speed of light, connect continents, countries, and islands together by creating a global telecommunication network. These cables are installed subsea and are placed on the seafloor (in deep water areas) or trenched in the seabed (in shallo
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48

Yu, Feiyang, Shijie Wang, Kaixuan Tang, Yifan Lin, Shasha Wang, and Ying Zhang. "Research Progress on the Fire Characteristics of Electric Cables and Wires." Fire 7, no. 6 (2024): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7060186.

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With the development of the social economy and the improvement of electrification, cables and wires play an important role in people’s lives and industrial development. Meanwhile, the large-scale laying of cables has also made them a fire hazard that cannot be ignored in land construction such as residential buildings, utility tunnels, nuclear power plants, refineries, marine systems such as submarines and ships, and airborne systems such as spacecrafts and aircrafts. In this work, studies on fire the characteristics of cables and wires over the last decades have been reviewed. Based on differ
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49

Yang, Xianjin, Jingqing Ye, Guangyuan Yao, Junfeng Chi, and Jiali Du. "Judge the Extent of the Harm on Electric Cables Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Found a New Mechanism of Patrolling Electric Cables." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501071.

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The article comes up with a measure that uses fiber vibration sensing technology to avoid external intrusion harm on electric cables, dealing with the problem that buried cables are sometimes destroyed by constructions. This measure is based on dual Mach-Zehnder(M-Z) interference, and it makes use of power grids’ fiber-optic cables laid in the cable trench—along with the electric cables—as sensors. These sensors could monitor vibration near to optical cables and trench, and recognize the events that vibrate the cable, and finally judge the extent of the harm caused by the events. The article a
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Zhang, Xiaohu, Hongjian Wang, Zhigang Tao, and Chun Zhu. "Research on the Controlling Effect of NPR Cables for Anti-Dip Slope Based on the Numerical Simulation." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1370398.

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As the scale and depth of mines increase, large deformations of high-steep slopes progressively become prominent. Compared with the ordinary cables, negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) cables can provide a constant resistance force and high deformation inhibition during slope deformation, avoiding the occurrence of slope instability hazards. Consequently, the control effects on the toppling failures of slopes were necessary to be researched. Changshanhao open-pit gold mine was taken as an example; based on the field geological investigation and rock mechanics testing, a three-dimensional engineerin
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