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Abdullah, Muhamad Akmal, Muhammad Hanis Ghazali, Muhamad Alif Iman Mohamad Rodzi und Mohd Lias Kamal. „A bibliometric analysis of leachate publications by ASEAN authors“. Journal of Metrics Studies and Social Science 1, Nr. 1 (23.06.2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56916/jmsss.v1i1.74.
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Leachates are the aqueous effluent produced from waste filtration of rainwater, biochemical activities in the waste cells, and the unavoidable water content of the waste itself. Leachate can travel into soil and subsoil, seriously affecting the land, surface water, and groundwater ecosystems. Leachates typically contain significant quantities of organic matter, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), toxic chemicals, and organic and inorganic chlorinated salts, which are detrimental to living and biodiversity. Based on the significant risk posed by leachate, many kinds of research have been conducted on these environmental concerns. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse and report leachate-related publications by ASEAN authors based on the data collected from the Scopus database. As of 24th April 2020, a total number of 1133 articles were retrieved and analysed. This study examined publication productivity by analysing descriptive publication patterns and visualising keywords co-occurrences. The results showed that there had been an increase in the literature on leachate growth rate from 1989 until 2020. However, the number of publications slightly dropped in 2011 and 2014. This study revealed the widespread scholarly communication techniques in leachate research, which will assist future researchers in identifying the fundamental parts of this body of knowledge. In conclusion, this study enables researchers to develop innovative solutions to the leachate environmental problem by assessing the bibliometric parameters that provide the study’s crucial and noteworthy findings.
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Osada, Takuya, Keisuke Nemoto, Hiroki Nakanishi, Ayumi Hatano, Ryo Shoji, Tomohiro Naruoka und Masato Yamada. „Analysis of Ammonia Toxicity in Landfill Leachates“. ISRN Toxicology 2011 (28.09.2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/954626.
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Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phase I manipulations and toxicity test with D. magna were conducted on leachates from an industrial waste landfill site in Japan. Physicochemical analysis detected heavy metals at concentrations insufficient to account for the observed acute toxicity. The graduated pH and aeration manipulations identified the prominent toxicity of ammonia. Based on joint toxicity with additive effects of unionized ammonia and ammonium ions, the unionized ammonia toxicity () was calculated as 3.3 ppm, and the toxicity of ammonium ions () was calculated as 222 ppm. Then, the contribution of ammonia toxicity in the landfill leachate toxicity was calculated as 58.7 vol% of the total toxicity in the landfill leachate. Other specific toxicants masked by ammonia's toxicity were detected. Contribution rate of the toxicants other than by ammonia was 41.3 vol% of the total toxicity of the landfill leachate.
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Brkanac, Sandra Radić, Valerija Vujčić, Petra Cvjetko, Vid Baković und Višnja Oreščanin. „Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods“. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, Nr. 1 (01.03.2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2431.
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Summary Leachates from active and closed municipal solid waste landfills can be a major source of contamination to groundwater and surface waters. In the present study the toxic and genotoxic potential of leachate from an old sanitary landfill prior to and following chemical and electrochemical treatments were assessed using Lemna, Allium, and comet tests. Photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (indicator of lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated as additional indicators of toxicity in duckweed. Following duckweed exposure to 25 % dilution of landfill leachate, growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation increased despite stimulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms. Diluted leachate induced DNA strand breaks in duckweed cells as evidenced by the comet assay. Regarding the Allium test, untreated leachate caused inhibition of Allium cepa cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations. Although both water treatments completely reduced genotoxicity of leachate, the electrochemical method was found to be more efficient in removing toxic substances present in landfill leachate and thus more suitable for treating such leachates prior to their discharge into the environment. As landfill leachates pose a risk to human health and environment in general due to their (geno)toxicity, the present study demonstrates that the ecotoxicity/genotoxicity assays should be used in leachate risk assessment together with physicochemical analysis.
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Gripa, Everton, Alyne M. Costa, Juacyara C. Campos und Fabiana V. da Fonseca. „Ozonation Pretreatment for Reduction of Landfill Leachate Fouling on Membranes: A Response Surface Methodology Analysis“. Processes 8, Nr. 5 (26.04.2020): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050506.
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Batch ozonation was performed to assess its efficacy as a pretreatment for reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for treating leachate with high concentrations of recalcitrant organic compounds. Leachate samples from two different landfills were collected and characterized. The modified fouling index (MFI) was used to estimate the fouling potential of raw and ozonized leachates. A response surface experimental design was applied to optimize operational pH and ozone dose. The results demonstrate that the best operational conditions are 1.5 g/L of O3 at pH 12.0 and 1.5 g/L of O3 at pH 9.0 for Landfills 1 and 2, which reduce MFI by 96.22% and 94.08%, respectively. Additionally, they show toxicity factor decays of 98.44% for Landfill 1 and 93.75% for Landfill 2. These results, along with the similar behavior shown by leachate samples from distinct landfills, suggest that ozonation is a promising technology to fit this kind of wastewater into the requirements of RO membranes, enabling their use in such treatment.
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Vaverková, Magdalena Daria, Jakub Elbl, Eugeniusz Koda, Dana Adamcová, Ayla Bilgin, Vojtěch Lukas, Anna Podlasek et al. „Chemical Composition and Hazardous Effects of Leachate from the Active Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Surrounded by Farmlands“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (02.06.2020): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114531.
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Landfill leachates are potentially harmful to the environment and to human health. The objective of this study was to characterize leachates in order to analyze whether a relationship exists between the stored waste and the composition of leachates, and to detect possible leakages of pollutants into the environment. To achieve these objectives, field data, Global Positioning System data and physico-chemical data were used. Biological tests are becoming increasingly popular in determining leachate toxicity; therefore, two toxicity tests were performed with the seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Leachates were sampled from the leachate pond. Groundwater quality was monitored by using drill holes. The research and analysis carried out are important to determine their potential impact on agricultural areas located near the landfill. Demonstrably increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of heavy metals were detected only in the leachate pond which closes the landfill body, where it links up with the landfill insulation layer. Water sampled from drill holes reaching into groundwater was not contaminated. The results showed that the leachates did not leak outside the landfill. Nevertheless, they were found to be phytotoxic. Both toxicity tests showed that the increasing amount of leachates resulted in the increasing growth inhibition of the tested plants. The proper handling of leachates should have been ensured.
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Kasmara, Hikmat, Desti Pratiwi, Sundoro Yoga Azhary, Eko Sulistyo, Camellia Panatarani und I. Made Joni. „Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles“. Advanced Engineering Forum 41 (07.07.2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.41.55.
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Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.
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Hauashdh, Ali, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Junita Abd Rahman und Junaidah Jailani. „Analysis of leachate from solidified peat soil“. MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 06015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825006015.
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Peat soil is very compressible where this characteristic is lead to an excessive settlement. Solidification of peat soil is a method to improve engineering properties of peat soil. Currently, solidification of peat soil is increasing, wherefore it is a critical need to study the environmental effects from solidified peat soil leachate due to solidification peat mixtures usually used materials of generation wastes from coal-fired electric power. The effect of leachate from solidified peat to the environment is one of the most important criteria that should be investigated. This study aims to investigate the environmental impacts of leachate from solidified peat affected by rainwater. In this study, solidification of hemic peat soil was done by mixing hemic peat soil with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA). Leachate is the liquid that has percolated through a soil column outlets. Therefore, this study was to analysis the leachate from solidified hemic peat when it is saturated by rainwater in two different conditions, which are a dry and wet season by using physical model (soil column). The leachate samples were analyzed by using Ionic Chromatography (IC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS). The anions concentration of leachate from solidified peat has increased for Cl-SO42-in wet condition as result rainwater inflow was increased during the wet condition, and the chemical composition of rainwater contains Cl-and SO42-. The concentration of cations on the leachate from solidified peat has increased at Fe+2 and Al+3 in wet condition, which proven solidified peat has an effect on the leachate In comparison with leachate of non-solidified peat. The concentration of anions for Cl-and SO42-the leachate still consider in the normal range of groundwater concentration that classified as freshwater, but in case FA, BA, and OPC are used excessively in the mixture for solidifying peat in a wetland, leachate from solidified peat will effect on elements concentration of groundwater and land properties.
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Butcher, E. J., J. Borwick, N. Collier und S. J. Williams. „Long term leachate evolution during flow-through leaching of a vault backfill (NRVB)“. Mineralogical Magazine 76, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2012): 3023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.18.
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AbstractSome of the illustrative concepts for the disposal of intermediate-level waste in a geological disposal facility in the UK employ a cementitious backfill around the waste packages. The concept for higher strength rocks would use a highly alkaline backfill composed of Portland cement (now known as CEM I), hydrated lime and limestone flour, referred to as Nirex reference vault backfill (NRVB).This paper reports a study of the extensive leaching of cured NRVB in a range of generic leachant compositions (deionized water, 0.1 M and 1 M NaCl solutions) under flow-through conditions using a flexible wall permeameter. The experiments were designed to run for up to two years and to pass at least 1000 volumes of leachant (defined as the cumulative leachate volume produced/NRVB solid specimen volume) through the NRVB samples. Results for the pH evolution profiles of the leachates and the microstructural analysis of the unleached and leached samples are presented.
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Olisa, Emmanuel, Nasiman Sapari, Amirhossein Malakahmad, Ezerie Henry Ezechi, Ali Riahi, Ibrahim Umar Salihi und Kalu Uka Orji. „Evaluation of Leachate Characteristics from Different Leachate Ponds in a Semi-Aerobic Landfill“. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 22 (Februar 2016): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.22.68.
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In this study, the performance of a semi-aerobic landfill was monitored through the analysis of leachate composition collected from different leachate ponds; collection pump (CP), equalization pond (EQ) and aerated pond (AP). The landfill site is located in the tropical environment of the central region of Malaysia. Twenty parameters were analyzed and the average values of the parameters for leachate at the CP, EQ and AP, which include; pH (8.24, 8.00 and 8.73), total kjeldahl nitrogen (3987.25, 8744.6, 1927.31 TKN-N), ammonia-N (3726, 3800, 1560 mg/L NH3-N), nitrate (26.7, 33.3, 25 mg/L NO3-N), total phosphorus (0.85, 0.78, 0.92 mg/L PO43-), BOD5 (305, 311.3, 201 mg/L), COD (16100, 14587, 12780 mg/L), BOD5/COD (0.019, 0.021, 0.016), turbidity (405, 735, 940 NTU), colour (3991, 4122, 3412 Pt Co), TSS (109.3, 58, 50.7 mg/L), EC (32.8, 21.9, 37.0 mS/cm) and TDS (21.98, 14.7, 24.8 mg/L) were recorded appropriately. The results realized from the analysis of the three ponds, were compared with previously published data and also the standards specified by the Malaysia Environmental Quality Act 1974. The obtained results indicate that the leachate from the aerated pond could remove some of the pollutants and was more stabilized when compared with the leachate from the pump and equalization ponds. It is also found that the aeration process in aerated pond could enhance the reduction of pollutants in the leachate. The measured leachates would require appropriate treatment methods in order to reduce the pollutants to meet the discharge standard before releasing them into water courses.
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Rashid, Sozan W., Dler M. S. Shwan und Khsraw A. Rashid. „Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Landfill Leachate and Groundwater Quality around Tanjaro Open Dump Area of Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan, Iraq“. Journal of Chemistry 2022 (20.12.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8574935.
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The current study is concerned with the primary environmental assessment of the physicochemical characterization of seasonal fluctuations in the leachate of Tanjaro open dump site in Sulaymaniyah City, and its impact on the quality of the groundwater. The primary characteristics of the leachates were their high levels of organic and inorganic components and their toxicity because of the presence of heavy metal concentrations. For almost all physicochemical parameters, the leachate from the Tanjaro area dumping has incredibly high values. All heavy metals were present in leachate, with the exception of cadmium and mercury, albeit at levels below their respective permitted limits. The characterization revealed that Leachate 1 (L1) may be referred to as young leachate, whereas Leachate 2 (L2) and Leachate 3 (L3) can be referred to as old leachate due to their pH values. It was indicated that the Tanjaro dumping is operating and in the early stages of stabilization. BOD5/COD was around 0.63, and the leachate was highly biodegradable in the anaerobic phase. Groundwater, which contains little to no organic matter, was not found to be severely affected by monitoring wells located close to the dumpsites. The conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Mn, and Fe were some of the values that went above the WHO guidelines. Correlation analysis was used as a preliminary descriptive technique to establish the strength of the association between the relevant variables. Some parameters were discovered to be statistically significantly correlated with one another, pointing to a close connection between these parameters.
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Amahdar, Loubna, Abdellah Anouar, Bouchra Ababou, Luc Verschaeve und Abderraouf Hilali. „In Vitro Genotoxicity of Settat Town Landfill Leachate, Morocco“. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 60, Nr. 2 (01.06.2009): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1925.
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In Vitro Genotoxicity of Settat Town Landfill Leachate, MoroccoWith the increasing use of landfill sites, leachates produced by uncontrolled waste disposal have became a serious threat for the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of leachate and of well water sampled close to the town of Settat in Morocco using the micronucleus test and proliferation kinetics of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. We also analysed a number of physical and chemical parameters, including pH, % O2, chemical oxygen demand (COD), HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and conductivity.The analysis showed much higher levels of nearly all parameters than the Moroccan standard. Increased micronucleus frequencies were also found for both leachate and well water. Preliminary results indicate that both types of water are genotoxic and pose environmental and human health risk.
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Wdowczyk, Aleksandra, und Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska. „How to Choose Pollution Indicators for Monitoring Landfill Leachates“. Proceedings 51, Nr. 1 (05.08.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020051023.
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Leachates are one of the main factors polluting the ground and water environment in the vicinity of landfills. This is connected with the need to systematically control the elements of the environment that are exposed to the negative impact of landfill emissions. In Poland, the scope of landfill leachate quality monitoring includes 10 obligatory parameters (pollution indicators). The paper presents an example of the application of selected statistical methods (basic statistics, statistical tests, principal component analysis) to assess the impact of individual pollution indicators on the quality of landfill leachates. Four landfills from the area of Lower Silesia were selected for analyzes, for which in the years 2018–2019 tests of leachate properties were conducted in an extended scope (in relation to the scope applicable during monitoring). Analyses of the obtained results showed significant differences between landfills, depending mainly on their age and method of operation. Specific factors for assessing differences between landfills were as follows: electrolytic conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD(Cr)), organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, chlorides and calcium. The values of some of the parameters included in the monitoring studies did not show variability, remaining below the limit of quantification. The conducted analyses permit the determination of the level of leachate contamination from selected landfills and the proposal of indicators that could complement the monitoring range of landfills for many years.
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Harjito, Harjito, Suntoro Suntoro, Totok Gunawan und M. Maskuri. „Underground Leachate Distribution Based on Electrical Resistivity in Piyungan Landfill, Bantul“. Indonesian Journal of Geography 50, Nr. 1 (30.06.2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.18315.
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Piyungan Landfill is constructed to accommodate the disposal of wastes from Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Overland flow that passes through landfillsand potentially dissolves organic and anorganic materials in a high concentration is referred to as leachate. Leachate is easily transported by overland flow. It can seep through soil or land surface and, then, infiltrate into groundwater, which is commonly accessed through residential wells. Therefore, a study on leachate distribution pattern from landfill to the surrounding area becomes necessary particularly due to the potential of leachate to contaminate the environment via groundwater whose characters are latent and difficult to monitor. This research aims to (1) identify areas that experience groundwater pollution caused by leachate movement, (2) identify the distribution of electrical resistivity in polluted areas as well as the spread direction of leachateto the surrounding area, and (3) to develop a leachate management model. This research uses Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey in order to identify the distribution of electrical resistivity in polluted areas. Groundwater quality analysis is used for validating the interpretation of ERT survey. The spread direction of leachate is identified from stratigraphic Fance model correlated with geologic and hydrologic data. The results show that groundwater contamination has occurred in the research area, as indicated by very low electrical resistivity in aquifer zone, i.e. 3-9 Ωm. Such low electrical resistivity is caused byincreased ions in groundwater as the results of leachate migrating downward into groundwater. The increased ions will trigger an increase in electrical conductivity (EC), i.e. up to 1,284 μmhos/cm, and a decline in electrical resistivity. The leachate spreads westward and northward at a depth of 6-17 m (aquifer) with a thickness of pollution between 4-11 m. The recommended landfill management model, emphasizing on leachate movement, include base lining (liner), leachate collection channel, geomembrane cap, and leachate treatment.
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Yin, Jun, Zheng Wang, Li Jian He, Wan Yao Wang und Liang Liang. „Performance Analysis of Ozone Catalytic Oxidation Sludge and Landfill Leachate“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (Februar 2014): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.629.
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Experimental study of the ozone through catalytic oxidation treatment sludge and rubbish leachate, The impact of different catalysts dosage on absorption rate of O3CODNH4+-NTPpH and other indicators.The results showed that, Dosing Cu-Ni catalyst can increase the absorption rate of ozone, And rubbish leachate ozone absorption rate is higher than the absorption rate of the sludge supernatant; Ozone oxidation catalyst can improve sludge supernatant and leachate the COD removal rate, the optimum mass ratio of 3; Ozone oxidation of sludge supernatant and rubbish leachate is difficult to NH4+-N and organic nitrogen due to preferential oxidation of ozone to convert it to NH4+-N, NH4+-N within the system led to rise, not fall, overall dosing ozone catalyst for the oxidation of NH4+-N had little effect; Dosing catalyst can effectively improve the sludge supernatant and rubbish leachate TP removal, rubbish leachate optimal mass ratio of 3, the optimum sludge supernatant mass ratio of 7; Rubbish leachate pH, with a small amount of catalyst dosage was decreased, while the pH of the sludge supernatant, then with a small amount of catalyst was increased upward trend.
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Wdowczyk, Aleksandra, und Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska. „Differences in the Composition of Leachate from Active and Non-Operational Municipal Waste Landfills in Poland“. Water 12, Nr. 11 (08.11.2020): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113129.
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Leachate formation is one of the many environmental hazards associated with landfilling. The leachate may migrate from the landfill to surface water and groundwater, posing a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, its harmful effect on human health and life has been proven. Due to the risks that landfill leachates may pose, it is necessary to control the state of the environment in their surroundings. The paper presents an example of the application of selected statistical methods (basic statistics, statistical tests, principal component analysis) to assess the impact of individual pollution indicators on the quality of landfill leachates. The conducted analysis showed the existence of significant differences between the surveyed active (Legnica, Jawor) and non-operational (Wrocław, Bielawa) landfills in Poland. These differences were especially visible in the cases of the following: electric conductivity (EC) (non-operational landfills 1915–5075 μS/cm, active 5093–11,370 μS/cm), concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (non-operational landfills 0.18–294.5 mg N/dm3, active 167.56–907.4 mg N/dm3), chemical oxygen demand (COD), organic nitrogen (ON), ammonium nitrogen (AN), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), sulfates, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and nickel. Selected indicators should help to determine the progress of decomposition processes inside the landfill and the potential impact of leachate on the environment, and should be used in the mandatory monitoring of landfills.
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Obidoska, Grażyna, und Dorota Jasińska. „Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate“. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 40, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0035-0.
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Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate. The most common method of municipal solid waste disposal is storing at landfills. Many hazardous substances are present in garbage and some more are formed during degradation. They may be assimilated by numerous organisms, pass through the food chain and bioaccumulate by long-term exposure in animals and humans. Therefore it seems an important tusk to monitor the toxic and genotoxic potential of municipal landfill leachates, which may contaminate waters and soils. Higher plants provide a very useful, uncomplicated and inexpensive tool for first-step screening of environmental pollutants. The objective of our study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate by the means of plant bioassays and to preliminary valuate the efficiency of zeolite as a leachate purifier. Phytotoxicity was assessed by the Allium cepa Root Elongation Bioassay and genotoxicity by the means of Allium and Vicia Root Tip Assays (RTA). Results were subjected to the F-test for the two way analysis of variance (ANOVA 2) and subsequently the Tukey's test, with statistical significance set at p = 0.05. Applied plant bioassays indicated significant phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo landfill leachate The process of zeolite filtration did not eliminate, but evidently decreased phytotoxicity. It did not cause significant change in genotoxic potential of 100% leachate, but resulted in its more rapid decrease in a concentration dependent manner.
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Arief Budihardjo, Mochamad, Purwono und Annisa Selfi Nugraheni. „Analysis of Groundwater Quality Surrounding Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: Banyuurip Landfill, Magelang, Indonesia“. MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901031.
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Banyuurip landfill generates leachate containing suspended and dissolved matter, including some heavy metals, a result of waste degradation and decomposition of organic materials. Leachate can infiltrate the soil then contaminate groundwater. Once the leachate infiltration reaches the soil and groundwater, it will contaminate the surrounding environment. In this study, the contamination of leachate into ground water was investigated by measuring the concentration of Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) and Free Ammonia (NH3-N) in leachate and dug wells surrounding the landfill. The concentration of Mn, Fe and NH3-N in leachate was found to be 5.42 mg/L, 6.16 mg/L, and 1652 mg/L, respectively. The concentration in the surrounding dug wells located within 500 m from the landfill varied from 0.00 – 0.86 mg/L for free ammonia, 0.00 – 0.31 mg/L for total Fe, and 0.00 – 0.26 mg/L for total Mn. The concentration of Mn, Fe and NH3-N decrease with increasing distance between the landfill and wells.
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Zafra-Mejía, Carlos Alfonso, Daniel Alberto Zuluaga-Astudillo und Hugo Alexander Rondón-Quintana. „Analysis of the Landfill Leachate Treatment System Using Arima Models: A Case Study in a Megacity“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 15 (29.07.2021): 6988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156988.
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Leachate has been reported as the most significant source of landfill pollution. Predicting the characteristics of untreated and treated leachate may be useful during optimal scheduling of leachate treatment systems. The objective of this paper is to show an analysis of the operation of a landfill leachate treatment system in a Latin American megacity (Bogota, Colombia) by means of auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. A comparative analysis of the leachate treated with respect to reference legislation is carried out. The influence of climate variables during the operation of the treatment system is also considered. The results suggest that the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs), BOD5, and COD in untreated leachate do not follow the same annual cycles observed for the quantity of solid waste disposed within the landfill. This difference is possibly associated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the leachate inside the conduction and pre-treatment system (storage/homogenization ponds). The ARIMA analysis suggests an HRT of up to one month (AR = 1) for the HMs identified as indicators of untreated leachate (Cu, Pb, and Zn). It is noted that the removal efficiency of HM indicators of the operation of the leachate treatment plant (Fe and Ni) is probably conditioned by operations carried out over a period of one month (AR = 1). The high input concentration of these HM indicators may prevent changing their ARIMA temporal structure during leachate treatment. This is reflected in the low removal efficiencies for all HMs under study (average = 26.1%).
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Hredoy, Rysul Hasan, Md Abu Bakar Siddique, Md Ahedul Akbor, Md Aftab Ali Shaikh und Md Mostafizur Rahman. „Impacts of Landfill Leachate on the Surrounding Environment: A Case Study on Amin Bazar Landfill, Dhaka (Bangladesh)“. Soil Systems 6, Nr. 4 (29.11.2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6040090.
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Currently, a total of about 15,000 tons/day of waste is generated in the entire Dhaka city with an average per capita waste generation of 0.641 kg/day. Only 37% of this waste is collected and dumped into the two sanitary landfill sites, which is the only waste management system in Dhaka. To investigate the impact of landfill leachate of Amin Bazar landfill on the environmental compartments, a total of 14 composite samples (two leachates, three surface water, three groundwater, three soil, and three plants) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metal(loid)s concentration. Based on the result of physicochemical parameters, all results were found higher in the leachate samples than the permissible limit. The heavy metal(loid)s in leachate samples have a value of high levels of contamination. Surface water, groundwater, soil, and vegetation are all polluted as a result of high levels of metal contamination. Although the Water Quality Index values of the samples based on heavy metal(loid)s concentrations were within the acceptable range, heavy metal concentrations in the soil and plants were quite high. The concentrations of lead (Pb—8 mg/kg), cadmium (Cd—0.4 mg/kg), chromium (Cr—2.26 mg/kg), and cobalt (Co—1.72 mg/kg) in all plant samples were found to be higher than the allowable limit. The individual concentration of arsenic (As—0.021 mg/L) in the leachate was higher than the maximum allowed limit. Inverse Distance Weighted analysis through ArcGIS showed that landfill leachate has the maximum probability of contaminating the surrounding environment with heavy metal(loid)s. Results showed that samples collected near the landfill have higher concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s than others, which establishes the contribution of landfill leachate in contaminating the environment with heavy metal(loid)s. The improper leachate management of landfill has a high impact on the environment.
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Kumar, Dinesh, und Babu J. Alappat. „Analysis of leachate pollution index and formulation of sub-leachate pollution indices“. Waste Management & Research 23, Nr. 3 (Juni 2005): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x05054875.
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Juliani, Any, Suphia Rahmawati, Alferina Julinda Grazella, Andik Yulianto und Anja Asmarani. „Toxicity Analysis of Effluent of Leachate Treatment Facility of Piyungan Landfill Using Cyprinus carpio“. MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928003008.
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Following regulation, Leachate Treatment Facility (LTF) wasbuilt in Piyungan landfill to reduce its negative impact to the environment. The effluent from this LTF is regularly monitored to check its compliancewith government standard. However, the standard does not fully addressthe effect of combined components in a particular wastewater on livingorganism. Hence, it is necessary to conduct toxicity test to fill this gap. This study was aimed to analyze the acute toxicity status of leachate preand post-treatment from leachate treatment facility of Piyungan Landfill. The method used for the test is Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) by usingCyprinus carpio as test organism. Acute toxicity test was performed bynon-renewal static method for 96 hours. The result showed that LC50 ofCyprinus carpio are 1,633% and 8,740% for influent and effluent of LTFrespectively. The LTF has reduced the Toxic Unit acute (TUa) ofpretreated leachate with 61,246 in the influent to be 11,442 in the effluent. However, even in the effluent, the leachate is still classified as High AcuteToxicity. It is recommended to improve the performance of LTF to furtherreduce leachate toxicity level to be No Acute Toxicity.
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Diana Harmayani, Kadek, I. Nyoman Ari Budiman und Luh Putu M. Karunia Putri. „Analysis of soil effects as leachate filter: A case study of TPA Mandung Tabanan“. MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 06024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927606024.
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The accumulation in large volume of solid waste in the area of TPA Mandung is creating a new serious problem since the leachate is extremely increasing. The spill drastically contaminates the groundwater and the surrounding environment because the wastewater treatment plant isn’t working on full capacity. Based on those facts, it is necessary to start researching on how the leachate influences the soil characteristics, and how to get the soil to provide a proper filtration. The samples of soil and the leachate from TPA Mandung have, at first, been collected; soil properties have been physically and mechanically tested, while the leachate characteristics have been determined from the parameters of the contained substances. The leachate filtration was performed simultaneously with a hydraulic conductivity test simply varying its height from 7 cm, 9 cm, and 11 cm. The water drained from the hydraulic conductivity test has been reexamined to determine the changes in the leachate parameters after passing through the soil. The K value (hydraulic conductivity coefficient) in the soil hydraulic conductivity test sampled with height 11 cm, 9 cm, 7 cm, were respectively 0.000050 cm/sec, 0.000062 cm/sec, and 0.000065 cm/sec. The results showed a decrease in the coefficient of hydraulic conductivity along with the addition of leachate and the variation in sample height. The leachate in TPA Mandung before and after filtration had COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS and oil levels that exceeded the permitted threshold according to Regulation of Minister of Environment No. 5 of2014 concerning Wastewater Quality Standard.
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Galarpe, Van Ryan Kristopher, und Richard Parilla. „Analysis of Heavy Metals in Cebu City Sanitary Landfill, Philippines“. Journal of Environmental Science and Management 17, Nr. 1 (30.06.2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2014_1/06.
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Selected heavy metals in leachate and groundwater in Cebu City Sanitary Landfill (CCSL), Philippines were studied. Levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu in total form were determined by Flame- AAS and Hg by cold vapor AAS. Study commenced on April, May, August, and October of 2010 covering wet and dry seasons. Studied leachate stations exceeded the standards for Pb (0.1968 mg L-1) and Hg (0.14838 mg L-1 ) with risk quotient (RQ) values >1. Groundwater stations exceeded the standard for Pb (0.0371 mg L-1) and Cd (0.0042 mg L-1 ) with RQ >1. It can be inferred that the groundwater adjacent to CCSL was slightly impacted by leachate metal constituents. Therefore, it is recommended that further monitoring would be carried out and the leachate would be contained to protect the groundwater prior to CCSL closure.
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Li, Hao Yan, Dian Hai Yang, Hai Yan Wu, Qin Lu und Xiang Zheng. „Comparison and Analysis of Denitrification Effect and Kinetics Regarding Several New Type Carbon Sources“. Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (Mai 2011): 2695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2695.
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Three typical external carbon sources (i.e. leachate, hydrolysates from primary sludge and starch solution) with regard to the denitrification process were investigated respectively in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and their denitrification properties were compared to provide the optimum substrate suited for nitrogen removal processes. The variations of nitrogen were examined and nitrate utility ratio as well as carbon consumption rate was exhibited, denitrification kinetics regarding leachate was also analyzed by use of zero-order kinetic model. The experimental results indicated that the similar denitrification trend was achieved between hydrolysates from primary sludge and starch solution other than leachate as carbon source in denitrification system. The nitrate was not entirely degraded and the nitrite generated permanent accumulation. Compared with other carbon sources, leachate in steady operation showed the highest nitrate removal concentration and rate in phase I with an average of 13 mg/L and 86%, respectively. In phase II, the maximum nitrate and carbon decomposition rates were 0.088 g N/g VSS•d and 0.848 g TOC/g VSS•d respectively occurring at leachate as substrate. Thus, stable leachate was considered as the most suitable carbon source in comparison with other substrates.
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Choi, Hyeong-Jin, Yong Choi und Seung-Whee Rhee. „Estimation on migration characteristics of leachate using analysis of hydraulic conductivity at bioreactor landfill“. Waste Management & Research 38, Nr. 1 (18.09.2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19873705.
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In bioreactor landfill, moisture content is one of the most important factors affecting the migration of leachate. The migration characteristics of leachate in the Sudokwon landfill site was estimated by examining relationships among self-loading weight of waste (waste weight load), bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and moisture content of the landfilled waste. Experimental zones in the Sudokwon landfill were divided into leachate recirculation zones (3-C and 4-C zone) and reference zone (3-D zone). The volume of the leachate recirculation was 207 m3 d-1 for 12 months in the 3-C zone and 190 m3 d-1 for 3 months in the 4-C zone. A logarithmic graph can describe the relationship between waste weight load and bulk density by moisture content. However, both the relationship between bulk density and hydraulic conductivity and the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and waste weight load can be expressed by an exponential graph. Through these relationships, generalised equations for hydraulic conductivity were established using moisture content and waste weight load. The hydraulic conductivity calculated from the generalised equation in the leachate recirculation zone was estimated to be 6.27 × 10-4 cm s-1 in the 3-C zone and 4.43 × 10-4 cm s-1 in the 4-C zone. The migration time of leachate in the leachate recirculation zone was estimated to be 64.2 days in the 3-C zone and 94.5 days in the 4-C zone, respectively.
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Zhang, Jian, Ping Xian, Long Hui Yang, Long Hui Zhan und Guang Hui Bu. „Analysis of Degradation by Aerobic Recharge for Concentrated Leachate“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (Oktober 2014): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.483.
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Concentrated leachate obtained from landfill leachate by membrane separation was treated using technique of aerobic recharge. Variation of effluent COD, NH3-N and pH in concentrated leachate during aerobic recharge was studied. The impact of hydraulic loading on the removal rate of COD and NH3-N was investigated. The results indicate that, after passing through the three stages of rapid declining, smooth declining and stabilization, the variation of effluent COD of the concentrated leachate versus time maintains in the range of 900~2000 mg/L, and the corresponding removal rate is 88%~92%. The variation of effluent NH3-N versus time indicates a trend that it climbs up initially and then declines. The effluent NH3-N starts from 700 mg/L. After 35 days, it declines down to 18 mg/L and maintains in the range of 93%~99% with a corresponding removal rate up to 98%. Aerobic recharge reduces the build up of organic acids in the early stage. After 10 days, the pH value of the leachate maintains in the range between 7.5 and 9.0. The COD removal rate decreases from 94.39% down to 75.75% when the hydraulic loading increases from 12.5 mL / (L·d) to 75mL / (L·d), indicating a strong trend. In the mean time, the NH3-N removal rate decreases from 98.14% down to 90.11%, indicating a weak tread.
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Costa, Alyne Moraes, Carlos Augusto Machado da Costa e Silva, Sarah Dario Alves Daflon, Bianca Ramalho Quintaes, João Alberto Ferreira und Juacyara Carbonelli Campos. „Evaluation of toxic potential of leachate originating from experimental landfill cells containing household waste and healthcare waste“. Waste Management & Research 37, Nr. 10 (26.04.2019): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19843159.
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Two experimental cells with household solid waste and healthcare solid waste were monitored in order to evaluate the pollution potential, and its toxicity effects corresponding to the chemical substances present in the leachates generated, correlating the physico–chemical composition with the ecotoxicity results (organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Danio rerio). From the statistical evaluation of the physico–chemical analysis results, leachate generated in the household solid waste cell presented greater or equal values than to the healthcare solid waste cell, except for the turbidity parameter. The ecotoxicity results showed the same behaviour as that obtained with the physico–chemical analysis. A significant positive correlation was verified between chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity and ammonia nitrogen parameters with the leachate toxicity. This study concluded that healthcare solid waste presented less or equal polluting potential compared with household solid waste, and the co-disposal can be considered a viable alternative in sanitary landfills.
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Igbo, Juliet Kelechi, Lucian Obinna Chukwu, Emmanuel Olusegun Oyewo, Jason L. Blum, Ariana Schanzer, Isaac Wirgin, Gabriella Y. Meltzer, Nirmal K. Roy und Judith T. Zelikoff. „The Chemistry and Health Outcomes of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Leachate: Exposure to E-Waste Is Toxic to Atlantic Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) Embryos“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 18 (09.09.2022): 11304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811304.
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Although there is rising global concern over the environmental, ecological, and human health risks associated with the discharge of leachates from e-waste dumpsites into the aquatic ecosystems, little is known in this research area. Thus, for this study, we first defined the chemistry of the test leachate, followed by assessment of the leachate on the development of a model aquatic organism (Fundulus heteroclitus) used extensively as a bioassay organism in pollution studies. Chemical analyses revealed that levels of phosphate (20.03 mg/L), cadmium (Cd) (0.4 mg/L), lead (Pb) (0.2 mg/L), and chromium (Cr) (0.4 mg/L) were higher than the 2009 US EPA and the 2009 National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) permissible limits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) burdens were dominated mainly by the high molecular weight congeners, specifically the ∑4rings (73 µg/L). Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels ranged from 0.00 to 0.40 µg/L with the ∑deca PCBs reaching the highest concentration. For the biological studies, F. heteroclitus embryos (48-h post-fertilization) were divided randomly into groups and exposed to one of six e-waste leachate concentrations (10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001%). Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between treated and control groups were observed in standard and total length, and head size. Further analysis using Duncan’s post-hoc test of multiple comparison also revealed specific differences within and between specific treatment groups. We conclude that e-waste leachate arising from indiscriminate dumping into aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria contains mixtures of toxic constituents that can threaten ecosystem and public health.
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Manimekalai, Ms B. „Analysis of Leachate Contamination Potential of a Municipal Landfill Using Leachate Pollution Index“. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 2, Nr. 1 (2012): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-0211639.
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Purwar, Dr Anuj Kumar. „Seasonal Variation Analysis of Leachate Contamination Potential from Landfill using Leachate Pollution Index“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, Nr. 4 (30.04.2018): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.4049.
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Desmarchelier, James M., Sylvia E. Allen und Yong-Lin Ren. „Comparison of Six Methods for Determining Aged Phosphine Residues in Wheat“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, Nr. 3 (01.05.1998): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.3.638.
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abstract Phosphine (PH3) and methyl bromide (ChhBr) are the main fumigants used on stored grains. Published multiresidue methods, including those based on solvent extraction and on purge-and-trap techniques, give poor recoveries of CH3Br and, in our hands, close to zero recovery of PH3 and carbonyl sulfide (COS), a potential fumigant. We examined factors influencing fumigant analysis, including stability of chemicals in leachates and partitioning of fumigant between leachate and air. The partition ratio, defined as the ratio of fumigant concentration in leachate to that in the headspace, varied between 1.1 for PH3 and >100 for ethylene dibromide (EDB). An official procedure involving solvent extraction followed by partitioning was modified by being performed in sealed flasks. This change raised the recovery of ChfoBr from 28 to 85%. Volatile fumigants, including PH3 and COS, were determined from concentrations in the headspace over the leachate (aqueous acidified acetone). Recoveries were nearly quantitative at levels down to 3 ng PH3/g and 16 ng COS/g, provided that fortified samples were used as analytical standards. Thus an existing multifumigant procedure was adapted to enable determination of the main fumigants used on staple foodstuffs.
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Simonič, Marjana, Mirjana Čurlin und Lidija Fras Zemljič. „Analysis of electrocoagulation process efficiency of compost leachate with the first order kinetic model“. Holistic approach to environment 10, Nr. 2 (11.06.2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.10.2.2.
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Large quantities of leachate are generated from the water release during the decomposition of the biodegradable waste. The composition of compost leachate is very complex and its treatment is necessary before releasing into the environment. The possibilities of treating compost leachate by electrocoagulation have been extensively studied. The scope of this work was to investigate applicability of the first order kinetic model for degradation of metal and organic compounds from compost leachate by electrocoagulation process. Experimental results showed 75 % removal efficiency of Cu2+ and 65 % of Zn2+, while chemical oxygen demand was reduced by 36 %. According to obtained kinetic parameters, simulation of metal removal efficiency was performed in batch reactor. This way optimal electrocoagulation time which is needed for 95 % efficiency of metal removal was determined at 120th min for Zn2+ and 102nd min for Cu2+.
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Jahanshahi, Mohsen, Majid Peyravi, Nader Shafaei und Hatef Mirani. „Analysis of nanoporous membrane fouling relying on experimental observation and theoretical model for landfill leachate treatment“. Water Science and Technology 73, Nr. 1 (04.09.2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.452.
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This paper is focused on the fouling behaviour of the ultrafiltration membrane for landfill leachate treatment. Natural organic matter fouling is considered a critical factor controlling the membrane performance. In this regard, the polyethersulphone nanoporous membrane was fabricated by phase inversion. In order to investigate the effects of operating conditions on fouling, landfilled leachate treatment was done at different transmembrane pressure and feed concentration. At high concentration of landfill leachate, the effect of operating pressure can be negligible. The maximum amount of RFR was 0.961 for raw landfill leachate. Flux decline data were also obtained for the filtration of landfill leachate. The rates of flux decline drastically dropped to about 46–48% of the initial values in the first 30 minutes of the experiment at all the examined pressures. The data were also analyzed using a model in order to provide explanations for simultaneous pore blockage and cake formation. The model showed very good agreement with the data for all transmembrane pressures and feed concentrations. The initial fouling due to pore blockage is related to the feed concentration at constant pressure, so by diluting the feed concentration, the effect of pore blocking was increased.
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Sugestiani, Ni Kadek, I. Ketut Sukarasa und I. Ketut Putra. „Analysis of Leachate of Soil Water Pollution Using Geo-electrical Methods in Final Processing Place (TPA) Regional Sarbagita“. BULETIN FISIKA 19, Nr. 2 (30.12.2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2018.v19.i02.p03.
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A research about analysis of leachate of soil water pollution using geo-electrical methods in final processing place (TPA) regional sarbagita has been conducted. The measurements were made on 4 tracks by using a Naniura NDR 300HF resistivity meter. The results show on track 1 and track 2 indicate there is a leachate with a resistivity value ranging from 2.67 to 5.74 ?m and 3.15 to 9.19 ?m respectively, on track 3 indicate that the distribution of leachate has decreased compared to paths 1 and 2, on the 3 leachate path there are only certain points with resistivity values ranging from 6.57 to 9.66 ?m. Measurement results on track 4 the resistivity is greater than 10 ?m, this indicates that on track 4 there is no leachate pollution. The results of the analysis of well water samples which are located right on tracks indicating the content of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), Cyanide (CN), Lead (Pb), E. coli and coliform which exceeded the quality standard limits.
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Grisa, Ana M. C., Cíntia Paese, Oclide José Dotto, Ronaldo Nicola und Mara Zeni. „Chemometric Analysis of an Sanitary Landfill Leachate“. Journal of Water Resource and Protection 04, Nr. 01 (2012): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2012.41003.
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Ergene, Didar, Ayşegül Aksoy und F. Dilek Sanin. „Comprehensive analysis and modeling of landfill leachate“. Waste Management 145 (Mai 2022): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.030.
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Ponthieu, Marie, Pauline Pinel-Raffaitin, Isabelle Le Hecho, Laurent Mazeas, David Amouroux, Olivier F. X. Donard und Martine Potin-Gautier. „Speciation analysis of arsenic in landfill leachate“. Water Research 41, Nr. 14 (Juli 2007): 3177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.04.026.
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Capodici, M., D. Di Trapani und G. Viviani. „Co-treatment of landfill leachate in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors: analysis of system performance and biomass activity by means of respirometric techniques“. Water Science and Technology 69, Nr. 6 (16.01.2014): 1267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.005.
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Aged or mature leachate, produced by old landfills, can be very refractory; for this reason mature leachate is difficult to treat alone, but it can be co-treated with sewage or domestic wastewater. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of leachate co-treatment with synthetic wastewater, in terms of process performance and biomass activity, by means of respirometric techniques. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), named SBR1 and SBR2, were fed with synthetic wastewater and two different percentages of landfill leachate (respectively 10% and 50% v v−1 in SBR1 and SBR2). The results showed good chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency for both reactors, with average COD removals equal to 91.64 and 89.04% respectively for SBR1 and SBR2. Furthermore, both SBRs showed good ammonia-nitrogen (AN) removal efficiencies, higher than 60%, thus confirming the feasibility of leachate co-treatment with a readily biodegradable wastewater. Significant respiration rates were obtained for the heterotrophic population (average values of maximum oxygen uptake rate equal to 37.30 and 56.68 mg O2 L−1 h−1 respectively for SBR1 and SBR2), thus suggesting the feasibility of leachate co-treatment with synthetic wastewater.
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Widziewicz, Kamila, Joanna Kalka, Magdalena Skonieczna und Paweł Madej. „The Comet Assay for the Evaluation of Genotoxic Potential of Landfill Leachate“. Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/435239.
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Genotoxic assessment of landfill leachate before and after biological treatment was conducted with two human cell lines (Me45 and NHDF) andDaphnia magnasomatic cells. The alkali version of comet assay was used to examine genotoxicity of leachate by DNA strand breaks analysis and its repair dynamics. The leachate samples were collected from Zabrze landfill, situated in the Upper Silesian Industrial District, Poland. Statistically significant differences (Kruskal-Wallice ANOVA rank model) were observed between DNA strand breaks in cells incubated with leachate before and after treatment (P<0.001). Nonparametric Friedman ANOVA confirmed time-reliable and concentration-reliable cells response to leachate concentration. Examinations of chemical properties showed a marked decrease in leachate parameters after treatment which correlate to reduced genotoxicity towards tested cells. Obtained results demonstrate that biological cotreatment of leachate together with municipal wastewater is an efficient method for its genotoxic potential reduction; however, treated leachate still possessed genotoxic character.
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Idehen, Osabuohien. „Volumetric Analysis 0f 3-D Resistivity Distribution of Leachate Plume in Third Cemetery, Benin, South-South, Nigeria“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 17 (25.01.2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v17i.8486.
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This paper aims to carry out the volumetric analysis of 3-D resistivity distribution of leachate plume in Third Cemetery, Benin City, South-South, Nigeria. If not appropriately located or not sufficiently protected, cemeteries pose a significant health problem for the people (Fisher and Croupkamp,1993). Health concern about the possible impact of the cemeteries in Nigeria on the water supply has prompted this research. The research engaged 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional imaging (tomography) to investigate the presence and migration of leachate plumes in the cemetery and computation of time-lapse to detect the time rate of migration in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The geoelectric models obtained for the surveys displayed leachate plumes starting from the laterite (the burial environment) down to the sandy formation (the regional water supply source). The leachate plumes presence in the sand bed is modeled and described as shown in the 2-D and 3-D displays. This study showed that parts of the cemetery had been contaminated. This contamination was also observed to have infiltrated into the aquifer in the cemetery. 3-D block model, using Voxler 4.0 software was employed to carry out the volumetric analysis of the 3-D resistivity distribution of leachate plume in the Third Cemetery.
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Devine, Ken, und Peter Jones. „Potato cyst nematode hatching activity and hatching factors in inter-specific Solanum hybrids“. Nematology 3, Nr. 2 (2001): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101750236268.
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AbstractIn studies using three sibling F1 clones from each of five crosses between Solanum tuberosum and different wild tuberbearing Solanum species, root leachate hatching activity towards each of the two potato cyst nematode (PCN) species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, segregated independently. Sephadex G-10 fractionation of the leachates of S. sucrense-hybrid clones revealed differences between clones in the hatching factor elution profiles for the two PCN species. Analysis of individual hatching factors indicated examples both of selectivity (both PCN species hatched in response to a particular hatching factor, but at different levels of hatching response) and of specificity (only one PCN species hatched in response to a particular hatching factor) of hatching factors. The hatching factor profiles of the S. sucrense-hybrids indicated segregation of hatching factors from the parents, but also detected novel factors unique to specific hybrid clones. Total hatching activity of the root leachate of the S. sucrense clones was positively correlated with the proportion of S. tuberosum-derived hatching factors.
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Frikha, Youssef, Johann Fellner und Moncef Zairi. „Leachate generation from landfill in a semi-arid climate: A qualitative and quantitative study from Sousse, Tunisia“. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, Nr. 9 (07.07.2017): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17715102.
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Despite initiatives for enhanced recycling and waste utilization, landfill still represents the dominant disposal path for municipal solid waste (MSW). The environmental impacts of landfills depend on several factors, including waste composition, technical barriers, landfill operation and climatic conditions. A profound evaluation of all factors and their impact is necessary in order to evaluate the environmental hazards emanating from landfills. The present paper investigates a sanitary landfill located in a semi-arid climate (Tunisia) and highlights major differences in quantitative and qualitative leachate characteristics compared to landfills situated in moderate climates. Besides the qualitative analysis of leachate samples, a quantitative analysis including the simulation of leachate generation (using the HELP model) has been conducted. The results of the analysis indicate a high load of salts (Cl, Na, inorganic nitrogen) in the leachate compared to other landfills. Furthermore the simulations with HELP model highlight that a major part of the leachate generated originates form the water content of waste.
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Nurlita Fitri, Siti, Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro, Dwa Dewa Warnana und Nila Sutra. „Application of microtremor HVSR method for preliminary assessment of seismic site effect in Ngipik landfill, Gresik“. MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503017.
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This paper presents an investigation based on affected areas of earthquakes based on the micro-tremor horizontal-to-vertical ratio (HVSR) method around the Ngipik Landfill, Gresik. Ngipik landfill applies an Open dumping system with no protective layer to prevent groundwater pollution. Hence, the effect of the earthquake was investigated for preliminary assessment of leachate’s leakage. The micro-tremor measurements were performed by dividing the area into a grid with a 25m distance. The predominant frequency (f0) ranges between 1.1 and 3.65 Hz and the peak of HVSR (Am) varies from 2.04 to 7.16. The vulnerability index (kg) displayed the level of soil damage due to ground motions; the highest kg values signified the weaker zones during earthquakes and also indicated the leachate spread. The result of this paper might consider to seismic stability analysis of leachate recirculation landfill.
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Wdowczyk, Aleksandra, Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska und Magdalena Domańska. „Analysis of the Bacterial Biocenosis of Activated Sludge Treated with Leachate from Municipal Landfills“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 3 (05.02.2022): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031801.
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The influx of toxic pollutants into wastewater treatment plants can negatively affect the quality of the activated sludge (AS). One source is landfill leachate. The identification of microorganisms present in AS is very important, e.g., while improving wastewater treatment technology. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of raw leachate and after purification of Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllum demersum on the composition of the AS bacterial biocenosis. In addition, AS status was assessed by LIVE/DEAD BacLight ™ fluorescent staining. The obtained results showed that the leachate did not significantly affect the cell membranes of AS bacteria, and even a slight improvement was noted. The research carried out using the next-generation sequencing method shows that the origin of the samples (active and closed storage) and the method of processing do not significantly affect the composition of the AS bacterial biocenosis at higher taxonomic levels. However, at the species level, the appearance of bacteria not previously present in AS was observed, namely: Flavobacterium luticocti, Candidimonas nitroreducens and Nitrobacter hamburgensis. The obtained results suggest that the leachate may be a source of microorganisms positively influencing the condition of AS bacteria.
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Calic, Natasa, und Mirjana Ristic. „Vinca landfill leachate characteristics prediction by the leaching method“. Chemical Industry 60, Nr. 7-8 (2006): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0608171c.
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Under the newly implemented waste management policy in European Union countries, sanitary landfilling constitutes the fourth and the least preferred of the alternative management options for the disposal of solid urban wastes. Landfills generate emissions over long periods, often longer than a lifetime. The longest lasting emission is leachate: leachate production and management is now recognized as one of the greatest problems associated with the environmentally sound operation of sanitary landfills. These liquid wastes can cause considerable pollution problems by contacting the surrounding soil, ground or surface waters and, are therefore considered major pollution hazards unless precautionary measures are implemented. Landfill leachate characterization is a critical factor in establishing a corresponding effective management strategy or treatment process. This paper summarizes leachate quality indicators, and investigates the temporal variation of leachate quality from municipal solid waste. The toxicity of leachates from the municipal solid waste landfill "Vinca" in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, was characterized using toxicity characteristics leaching procedures (TCLP). The "Vinca" landfill was established in 1978 as one of several municipal landfills. Since the 1990-ies the "Vinca" landfill has been the only operating landfill servicing the Belgrade Metropolitan area, the biggest city in Serbia, with 1,576,124 inhabitants in the larger-city area, and 1,273,651 inhabitants in the inner-city area. The total average amount of solid wastes deposited in the landfill is estimated to be 1100 tons/day. The landfill site is not lined and the tributary flows through the centre of the site-in some places directly under the mass of refuse. No consideration has been given to the protection of ground waters, surface runoff or drainage. Local authorities plan to expand the landfill by 0.4 km2 to a total of 1.3 km Chemical analysis was performed on the samples and the temporal variation of several parameters was monitored including pH, COD, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, hardness, and heavy metals. The COD and pH were related to the biological activity within the landfill and the results indicated differences between the samples due to waste age. The concentrations of heavy metals, sulfates, nitrates, chlorides and ammonia nitrogen in the leachate were low, indicating their initially low amount in landfilled waste or their flushing with moisture contributing to a reduction in their concentrations.
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Folorunsho, Omeiza Samuel, Adebayo Albert Ojo, Adebayo Mathew Ayorinde und Ajayi Olubode Olumuyiwa. „Analysis of Trace Metals in Hand Dug Wells around Dumpsites in Okene Metropolis, Nigeria“. Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 1, Nr. 2 (26.05.2022): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v1i2.45351.
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This study examined the levels of trace metals in leachates from dumpsites and hand dug wells used as sources of drinking water by the inhabitants of Okene Metropolis, Kogi State Nigeria. This is important because the presence of toxic heavy metals in the environment continues to generate a lot of concern to environmental scientists, government agencies and public health practitioners leading to adverse health implications. The leachates and hand dug well water samples were collected during the wet season of 2019-2021 and analyzed for some selected trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Mn) using AA320N atomic absorption spectrophometer. The result showed that there was high concentration of most of the trace metals in the leachate samples compared to the groundwater samples with some of the trace metals above the maximum limit set by W.H.O. It is recommended that a systematic treatment of heavy metals concentration in hand dug well in the study area should be carried out regularly either through chemical precipitation, ion exchange or reverse osmosis.
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Arojojoye, Oluwatosin A., Olajumoke O. Nwaechefu und Samuel C. Nkwadinamor. „Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of Ajakanga Landfill Leachate in rats“. Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 37, Nr. 1 (29.03.2022): e2022004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022004.
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Genotoxicity and oxidative stress potential of Ajakanga Landfill Leachate (ALL) were investigated in this study. Forty-two male albino rats of the Wistar strain (100 g and 150 g) were divided equally into six groups. Group A (control) animals were given distilled water as drinking water for forty-five days; while groups B-F animals were exposed to 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% leachate respectively via drinking water for forty-five days. The effect of the leachate was assessed on markers of oxidative stress in the liver, kidney and testes of rats; markers of liver function (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in the serum and the genotoxic effect of the leachate was investigated using micronucleus assay. Physicochemical and heavy metal analysis were also carried out on the leachate sample. Exposure to ALL resulted in increase in the activities of ALT and AST. A significant increase in malondialdehyde level as well as alterations in antioxidant status was observed in the liver, kidney and testes of the rats compared with control. There was also significant increase in micronuclei formation in the bone marrow of rats exposed to the leachate. Physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of the leachate revealed the presence of some heavy metals at high concentrations as well as other toxic constituents and the total number of active bacteria in the leachate sample were also high. In conclusion, ALL induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rats. This suggests that the leachate may be toxic to humans if exposure occurs.
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Szulc, Justyna, Małgorzata Okrasa, Adriana Nowak, Joanna Nizioł, Tomasz Ruman und Sławomir Kuberski. „Assessment of Physicochemical, Microbiological and Toxicological Hazards at an Illegal Landfill in Central Poland“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 8 (15.04.2022): 4826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084826.
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This study aimed to assess the physicochemical, microbiological and toxicological hazards at an illegal landfill in central Poland. The research included the analysis of airborne dust (laser photometer), the number of microorganisms in the air, soil and leachate (culture method) and the microbial diversity in the landfill environment (high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina Miseq); the cytotoxicity (PrestoBlue) and genotoxicity (alkaline comet assay) of soil and leachate were tested. Moreover, an analysis of UHPLC-Q-ToF-UHRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry) was performed to determine the toxic compounds and microbial metabolites. The PM1 dust fraction constituted 99.89% and 99.99% of total dust and exceeded the threshold of 0.025 mg m−3 at the tested locations. In the air, the total number of bacteria was 9.33 × 101–1.11 × 103 CFU m−3, while fungi ranged from 1.17 × 102 to 4.73 × 102 CFU m−3. Psychrophilic bacteria were detected in the largest number in leachates (3.3 × 104 to 2.69 × 106 CFU mL−1) and in soil samples (8.53 × 105 to 1.28 × 106 CFU g−1). Bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria (42–64.7%), Bacteroidetes (4.2–23.7%), Actinobacteria (3.4–19.8%) and Firmicutes (0.7–6.3%) dominated. In the case of fungi, Basidiomycota (23.3–27.7%), Ascomycota (5.6–46.3%) and Mortierellomycota (3.1%) have the highest abundance. Bacteria (Bacillus, Clostridium, Cellulosimicrobium, Escherichia, Pseudomonas) and fungi (Microascus, Chrysosporium, Candida, Malassezia, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Cladosporium, Didymella) that are potentially hazardous to human health were detected in samples collected from the landfill. Tested leachates and soils were characterised by varied cyto/genotoxins. Common pesticides (carbamazepine, prometryn, terbutryn, permethrin, carbanilide, pyrethrin, carbaryl and prallethrin), quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chlorides), chemicals and/or polymer degradation products (melamine, triphenylphosphate, diphenylphtalate, insect repellent diethyltoluamide, and drugs (ketoprofen)) were found in soil and leachate samples. It has been proven that the tested landfill is the source of the emission of particulate matter; microorganisms (including potential pathogens) and cyto/genotoxic compounds.
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Kukla, Radovan, Tomáš Vítěz, Petr Junga und Pavel Mach. „Leachates analysis of glass from black and white and color televisions sets“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, Nr. 6 (2012): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060205.
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The aim of work was to determine the content of selected elements in the glass from color and black and white television (TV) sets. The amount of back taken TV sets in the Czech Republic increases annualy, which is associated with higher production of the waste glass. Currently there is 1.4 television sets for each household and the number of it should increase in future, because of higher standard of living and new technologies used. Waste glass treatment or landfilling may present, because of composition of the waste glass threat to the environment. One of the indicators of the polution from waste glass is leachate analysis, which can show us the content of hazardous substances in the waste glass, which can be released to the environment. A qualitative analysis of leachate samples was carried out by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The results showed concentration of potencionaly hazardous substances contained in leachate samples. This was especially content of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, tin and zinc. Results of analyzes of the aqueous extract of glass were confronted with the limits specified in the currently valid legislation. Based on the results there is clear that in the case of landfilling of the glass from television sets, there is possibility of the contamination of landfill leachate by the elements, which are presented in the glass.
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Hyra, Kamila, Paweł M. Nuckowski, Joanna Willner, Tomasz Suponik, Dawid Franke, Mirosława Pawlyta, Krzysztof Matus und Waldemar Kwaśny. „Morphology, Phase and Chemical Analysis of Leachate after Bioleaching Metals from Printed Circuit Boards“. Materials 15, Nr. 13 (21.06.2022): 4373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134373.
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The article presents the assessment of solutions and dried residues precipitated from solutions after the bioleaching process of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) utilizing the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The obtained dried residues precipitated from bioleaching solution (leachate) and control solution were tested using morphology, phase, and chemical composition analysis, with particular emphasis on the assessment of crystalline and amorphous components. The analysis of the dried residues from leachate after bioleaching as well as those from the sterile control solution demonstrated a difference in the component oxidation—the leachate consisted of mainly amorphous spherical particles in diameter up to 200 nm, forming lacy aggregates. In the specimenform control solution larger particles (up to 500 nm) were observed with a hollow in the middle and crystalline outer part (probably Fe2O3, CuFeS2, and Cu2O). The X-ray diffraction phase analysis revealed that specimen obtained from leachate after bioleaching consisted mainly of an amorphous component and some content of Fe2O3 crystalline phase, while the dried residue from control solution showed more crystalline components. The share of the crystalline and amorphous components can be related to efficiency in dissolving metals during bioleaching. Obtained results of the investigation confirm the activity and participation of the A. ferrooxidans bacteria in the solubilization process of electro-waste components, with their visible degradation–acceleration of the reaction owing to a continuous regeneration of the leaching medium. The performed investigations allowed to characterize the specimen from leachate and showed that the application of complementary cross-check of the micro (SEM and S/TEM) and macro (ICP-OES and XRD) methods are of immense use for complete guidance assessment and obtained valuable data for the next stages of PCBs recycling.