Dissertationen zum Thema „Linguistique contrastive“
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Kuszmider, Barbara. „Aspect, temporalite et modalite en polonais et en francais : etude contrastive“. Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResting largely on the theory of enunciative operations, the study consists of an approach dealing with a category of the verbal aspect through the contrast of two systems, polish and french. In view of the disparity in morphosyntactical methods in the two languages, and in order to articulate a general linguistic deliberation on the complexity of the aspectual facts, the work selects areas in which the contrasting problems are most significant. It aims to improve on both the inadequacies of a general typological theory and the inadequacies resulting from a simple formal comparison of the two systems. The analysis is carried out on a selection of polish utterances extracted from contemporary polish literature and their french translations. The thesis consists of two parts. The first proposes an analysis of utterances with temporal insertion. Chapter 1 contains the study of two categories traditionally belonging to the modalities of actions, verbs of motion and iterative verbs. Similarly, one analyses here secundary imperfective verbs. Chapter 2 studies the problems associated with the translation into frech of the forms of the perfective verbs not in the past tense. Chapter 3 analyses the realisation of aspectual values in relation to the sphere of the past tense. This is an analysis which reveals some remarkable disparities between the two languages. The end part studies utterances found outside of the temporal deixis. Because the modal domain in relation to the aspect is relatively unexplored, this part proposes an original approach to the aspect-modal operations in play in the two languages. The fifth and last chapter is dedicated to the temporalisation of modal utterances. Three categories are articulated : aspect, tense and modality. That is why this part constitutes an appropriate and conclusive ground for observation of the phenomena in question and why it is situated in a transcategorical approach
Filippi-Deswelle, Catherine. „La relation dite de +concession; : etude de though, although even though et even if anteposes en anglais contemporain“. Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis offers a study of the concessive markers though, although, even though and even if when preceding the matrix clause, in full context, forming a set that is often treated globally, so that they tend to be considered as interchangeable, in the expression of the relation of+ concession ; following the standard ordering of though a, b. We shall analyse each marker thoroughly and contrastively and show how they all retain their own specificity - in particular the set even though / even if - though all being concessive. We shall use the theoretical framework of the theory of enunciative operations, referring to the different types of localisation (relationships between anteposition and thematization) and the notional domain. A critical analysis of french and english dictionaries and grammars has enabled us to question the accuracy of the term +concession; in its designation of the underlying enunciative operation at work, established between the subordinate clause (a) and the matrix clause (b) by the concessive markers under scrutiny. We have chosen to describe it in terms of opposition, as it is first materialized by the presence of a negation in one of the two clauses, and then as there is a conflict between the enunciator and the co-enunciator about an expected and preconstructed relationship of entailment from a to the validation of non-b. Thus the adversative dimension prevails on the concessive one since the enunciator rejects such a preconstruction to assert the coexistence of a and b (related by the concessive marker) in the situation of enunciation, operating a qualitative differentiation. That's why we are here dealing with the construction of a + concessive-adversative; interpretation
Montjou, Guy de. „Les problemes que pose la traduction des relations hypothetiques dans le passage du francais a l'anglais“. Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe title of this work is "the problems posed by the translation of hypothetical relations in the passage from french to english". The theoretical framework chosen is the theory of utterance (theorie de l'enonciation) developed by antoine culioli. The core of this work concerns the utterances (enonces) using the marker si. First of all the tools provided by this theory are applied to both hypothetical utterances and assertive utterances. Next the hypothetical use as well as non hypothetical uses (notably the concessive one) of si are illustrated by french examples and their translations either by if (accounting for roughly 80 % of the examples) or by other markers such as unless or when. Finally, the criteria for the translation of temporal forms such as the imparfait and the conditionnel, the present and future tenses, the plus-que-parfait and the conditionnel passe are discussed, especially when they do not fit the usual pattern, e. G. The present and the future tenses translated by the present simple in both the protasis and the apodosis. In conclusion it appears that the speaker prevails in french whereas the relation between the two terms of the hypothetical utterance prevails in english
BOELY, CHRISTIAN. „Etude contrastive de la relation de comparaison en francais et en anglais“. Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study sets out to describe the relation of comparison and gives a linguistic definition of it. It is based upon the contrastive study of contemporary french texts and their published english translations. The author explores the additions and modifications occurring in the translation of french into english (in particular the phenomena of homogenization and modalization) and the conditions under which such additions and modifications occur
Cartier, Alice. „Problemes de linguistique contrastive indonesien chinois. Transitivite et passivation“. Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis is a contrastive study of two independant languages focusing on their differences but mostly on their common properties. The aim is to discover the underlying properties of transitivity and passivization through an investigation of the morphology and the syntax of these two languages. Passive is viewed as the implication of transitivity. Transitivity is taken in the sense of hopper & thompson (language 1980 : 251-99), i. E. As involving a number of parameters concerned with the effectiveness of the event. According to both authors transitivity operates not only at the sentence level but also at the discourse level. In as much as we are solely dealing with the sentence level, only parameters relevant to this level are taken into consideration. Secondly, both authors did not investigate how the parameters are applied to different languages. Thus the introduction of the concept of transitive structures, in which the presence absence of a parameter x triggers the presence absence of a parameter y is intended as a
Cartier, Alice. „Problèmes de linguistique contrastive indonésien-chinois transitivité et passivation“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596571d.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLim, Dong-Jin. „Les énoncés copulatifs : étude contrastive franco-coréenne“. Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAntōníou, María. „étude contrastive de l'aoriste grec et des formes verbales par lesquelles il est représenté en francais“. Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDahech, Dhouha. „La dérivation nominale en français et en arabe : étude contrastive“. Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation, we are suggesting a study of the nominalization in french with a contrastive comparison with the arabic language. Our starting point is the french nouns derived by adding a suffix and found in the « Petit Robert Electronique ». We have tackled questions related to nominalization through following several axes: Morphology, Semantics, Syntax, Stylistics and Discourse Analysis. In fact, we have studied the process of formation of these nouns, and we have tried to analyse questions suggested by basic notions such as root, suffix, and allomorphism. A semantic study has been carried out as well. Its aim is the classification of deverbal nouns according to their interpretation. We have been able to distinguish between three categories: predicate, agentive ending, and instrumental case and locatives. It is starting from the morphological and syntactic characteristics of these deverbal nouns that we have reached this classification. The semantic relation between the verbs and their corresponding nouns has been analysed as well. At the syntactic level, we have attempted to focus on the characteristics of noun phrases with predicative heads, such as pre, and post-modifiers. We have equally studied the stylistic characteristics of deverbal nouns (thematization, abstraction and generalization, etc. )At the discursive level, we have pondered the impact of the ideological, religious and cultural context on the use of some deverbal nouns in the French and Arabic languages which are most apparent in the context of the Middle East Conflict
Spooren, Willibrordus Petrus Martinus Stephanus. „Some aspects of the form and interpretation of global contrastive coherence relations /“. Nijmegen : W.P.M.S. Spooren, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb352454178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRijo, da Fonseca Lino Maria-Teresa. „Unités lexicales et situations d'énonciation - réseaux d'associations sur un domaine d'expérience : la mer“. Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030137.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree theoretical hypotheses and their methodological consequences constitute the exact field of this research. 1. We consider that the conceptualization of a notion varies from one community to another and inside each community. One of the goals of this research is to show how the conceptualization of "sea" is realized within one domain of experience: a) in two languages culturally and linguistically near: portuguese and french; b) inside one language and c) at the level of an age group: the pre-adolescence. 2. In the perspective chosen the concept of "situation-of-utterance" makes possible several types of articulation between the lexicon and other areas. It permits: to explain the notion of frequency; to articulate (and analyse): a) discourse ( speech): the sememe-occurence, b) discourse ( speech): lexicon and socio-cultural imagery c) discourse ( speech): lexicon and chilhood wonderworld. The notion of frequency is a way of lexical selection and one factor which contributes to the individution of every fragment in the corpus: common vocabulary, specific vocabulary and original vocabulary. 3. We foresee one third hypothesis based on the sememe occurence approach. This description is developed at the level of the utterance through one "net of cosemy" which will permit an analysis in successis steps: a) case modules: actantial semes; b) relations among generic, specific and virtual semes; c) semantic labellings, semes and "noemes"; d) combinations among sememes; e) semes and semantic anomalies. This "net of cosemy" is an extension of the semic analysis and of the concept of seme. It makes possible a better articulation between: a) the lexicon and situations of utterance; b) the lexicon of real life and of childhood wonderworld and c) the lexicon of real life and of socio-cultural imagery
ALANGO, BASAK. „La rection verbale en français et en turc : étude contrastive“. Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the i st chapter, we treat the diffrent classification and theories concerning the voices in turkish and french. In the 2 nd and 3 nd chapters, we have taken into consideration the government of the verb in the active voice and its description in turkish and french. In the description of turkish, the identification of the actants and the circonstants has been realised by means of foculization, pro nominal substitution and question: the differentiation of the actant in accusative case from the circonstant in accusative, the differentiation of the actant in dative case from the circonstant (modifier) in dative. Among the different grammatical categories which constitute the noun, we have analysed those which can play the role of the actants, thereafter the morphological description of the noun. The description of the copula in turkish: the copula in 3 nd person singular and plural is zero morpheme, while -dir defined tradition nally as a facultative copula is redefined as a foculizing suffix. It can foculize the first actant (subject) and the predicate in their habitual and normal place, or thematize the predicate without changing the structure of the sentence. It foculizes the second actant (direct object), the first actant (subject), third actant (indirect object), circonstants (modifiers) in dative case nominalizing the sentence. In view of the description of other voices or other voices or their equivalents in turkish, we propose the tables of grammatical derivation of verbs. The expression of voices in turkish is a problem of grammatical derivation. After the analysis of their voices, the conclusion can be summarized as follows: in spite of the richeness of suffixes which are attributed to the definite voices, we can not believe that a certain suffix would be restricted to the use of an unique voice. On the contrary, each suffix would be used for the expression of several voices
Saada, Mahmoud. „La traduction en arabe des déterminants français : étude contrastive“. Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArabic language is morphologically poorer in determiners than French. This could pose some translation problems. The objective of this work is thus to help translators and those who are involved in teaching/learning translation to overcome these difficulties. Based on a corpus made of a French text and its translation into Arabic, this contrastive study compares the determination systems of French and Arabic. It studies French determiners and their equivalents in Arabic, comments them and formulates generalities. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of complete and incomplete actualization in the translation of the French article. It plays a key role in translating noun phrase (article + noun). If the article is definite for instance, that does not necessarily mean that we should translate in Arabic by a definite noun. This research presents also a number of equivalents in Arabic of French indefinite determiners. Finally, it opens many perspectives for future research: actualization, definites, indefinites and other
Iankova, Bissera. „Le present perfect anglais et le parfait bulgare : étude contrastive“. Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this study is the English "present perfect" and the Bulgarian "parfait". Our research is based on the theoretical principles of the tense-aspect model of Cognitive and Applicative Grammar. In our analysis we identify three values of "present perfect" and parfait : resulting state, experiential value and inferential value. We present arguments in favour of the claim that the use of the perfect in both languages is determined by the requirements of the utterance situation and more precisely, by the enunciator's intention to emphasize the subject/agent or the object/patient present state. The value of resulting state is the most frequent one in both languages. The aspectual notion of achievement is characteristic of this value, the verbal telicity being an important factor in determining this value. Contrary to the value of resulting state, the experiential value is characterized by the aspectual notion of non-achievement and its occurrences are often accompanied by atelic verbs and adverbs of duration. As to the inferential value, we argue that context, extra-linguistic factors as well as modality are important to determining this value. In English, we find modality integrated in the predicate and in Bulgarian it is dispersed in the whole utterance. Another difference between the two languages concerns aspectual indicators. Contrary to English, Bulgarian has morphological marks of aspect. This divergence determines the different nature, number and distribution of aspectual marks in the two languages
B, Boukar-Selim Làumàgi gà. „Linguistique contrastive et didactique des langues étude de grammaire contrastive de l'anglais, du français et du ngàmbày (Tchad)“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594122m.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNgo, Balep Lydie. „Essai d'analyse contrastive de la détermination nominale en français et en basaa“. Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe nominal group in French is structured around the noun which is a center of the group; its insertion in the phrase is made with an article. The noun can also acquire predeterminants and postdeterminants which represent the supplementary determination of the noun. The new grammatical logic distributes of the determinants of the noun in quantitative strict, numerical and bipolar; in characterized strict numerical and possessive and in combined quantitative and characterized strict, possessive and demonstrative. The nominal group in basaa is also structured like the one in French; but it is not articulate. It is the same in language like in phrase. The stem is always prefixed to one of thirteen different prefixes of classes. Apart from determinants bipolar quantitative and possessive characterized, the basaa language have like the French language determinants strict, numerical quantitative, combined quantitative and characterized strict, possessive and demonstrative. Those determinants are called dependent nominal in relation with the independent nominal: the nouns. The system of agreement in these langages. .
Hoarau, Lucie. „Étude contrastive de la coordination en français et en anglais“. Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoncharal, Bruno. „La representation de paroles au discours indirect libre en anglais et en francais“. Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study, based on a contrastive approach, deals with the phenomenon of free indirect speech (as opposed to free indirect thought) within the framework of the theory of enunciation. It uses a corpus of literary texts in english (novels and short stories of the 19th and 20th century) and their published translations. Through the analysis of the differences recurrently appearing in the translations of fis passages, the diverging enunciative orientations at work in english and french are brought to light. Foremost among those differences is the frequent appearance in english of fis with so-called parentheticals (he/she said) and the problems of translation (into french) this category of fis involves. The contrastive analysis of fis with parentheticals leads one to reexamine the syntactic organisation of reported speech (relations between reported clause and reporting clause) from an enunciative viewpoint. The various modes of representing speech (ds, is and fis) in english seem to form a continuum, or at least to overlap at certain points, whereas in french the boundaries between those modes of representing speech are more clearly marked and less easily crossed. From there, one is also led to re-assess the aspectuo-temporal markers of both languages, and in particular to describe the differences between the english simple past and past progressive on the one hand, and the french passe simple and imparfait, on the other hand the now classic opposition between histoire and discours as defined by e. Benveniste, which has been crucial to the discussion of fis to this day, is also re-visited and again appears to be far less operative in english than in french. Besides, fis being mainly a literary phenomenon, this study is also a contribution to stylistics and textual analysis, in a linguistic perspective
Chhiba, Sadia. „La pragmatique des questions : étude contrastive de l'arabe et du français“. Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0329.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with pragmatics of questions. It is about a contrastive study of arabic and french languages. Although they have typologically opposite linguistic families of origin, the two languages have in common pragmatic properties. Thus, both admit the "reverser" function of the question i. E. The cases in which it is not anymore used to question but to lead the speech towards an argumentative value. The analyse is based on oswald ducrot and his colleagues' research. The argu mentative theory of questions is similar to arabic linguistics conception, namely the one adviced by assakkaki. The two theoretic frames emphasize the adequacy of the speech to the enunciation situation; which implies a larger field than the syntatic and semantic study of the linguistic phenomenon one's. With essential reference to data from the koranic text, we have established a typology of several question utterances. Some questions have the value of a maxim in the sens that they express a general truth taken of a situation. Hence the declarative value. Parallel to this first type of questions, we have a second type which has an injunctive value translating acts of speech which aim to alter human behaviour. In both cases, they are argumentatively directed and become from then on a tool which leads to a type of conclusion
Mokhtari, Najat. „Étude contrastive de quelques quantifieurs en anglais, en français et en arabe : Approche métaopérationnelle“. Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA03A005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChilipaine, Francis Aliponse. „Morpho-syntaxe contrastive du verbe : français-chichewa (Malawi) /“. Paris : Éd. l'Harmattan : ACCT [Agence de coopération culturelle et technique], 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35681790q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalam-Sahloul, Abdul. „Etude contrastive des actes de parole : anglais, français, arabe“. Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO3A007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrund, Anne-Marie. „Contribution à l'étude contrastive de l'argot en français et en portugais“. Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBassac, Christian. „Le statut de verbe dit ergatif : étude contrastive anglais-français“. Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe lexical distribution of ergative verbs, i. E. Verbs appearing in transitive and intransitive pairs in which there is referential identity between the subject of intransitive sentence and object of transitive sentence is organized according to such criteria as the notional properties of the relator and goal of the predicative relation, modal aspectual features, and affectedness of the object. The opposition between intransitive forms and forms involving the se clitic is explained by the primitive separative value of se. Other oppositions between synthetic and analytic transitive forms are explained by agentive control over the process, and so is explained the opposition between metaphorical and literal meaning associated with those forms
Takagaki, Yumi. „Les plans d'organisation textuelle en français et en japonais : de la rhétorique contrastive à la linguistique textuelle“. Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL613.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to describe and explain the cultural and linguistic differences between the text organizational patterns in French and Japanese. On the basis of the contrastive rhetoric, part I of this thesis describes the differences in text organization between the two languages and attemps to determine the origins of these differences. Nine Japanese specificities are identified as contributing factors : (1) the organizational pattern "ki-syô-ten-ketu", (2) released structure and framework, (3) subject as a starting point, (4) symbolic expression, (5) expression of ego, (6) interaction, (7) indirect expression, (8) fragmentary nature, and (9) evocation and associative ties. An examination of these specificities with other specificities is conducted at the production level (comparison of French and Japanese school handbooks) and at the representation level (a sample survey conducted among Japanese students and French teachers). Part II is devoted to analysing linguistic factors and characterizing the two languages. By adopting the theoretical framework of Jean-Michel Adam (2008), we examine five aspects of text : continuity, discontinuity, and the three dimensions of a "proposition-énoncé (proposition-utterance)". Five fundamental differences are observed between the French and Japanese languages. 1. Cohesion is stronger in French. 2. Reference is more explicit in French. 3. Point of view is expressed less explicitly in French. 4. Illocutionary force is weaker in French. 5. Text segmentation is stronger in French. To verify these hypotheses, four phenomena are examinated : connectors, "the unsaid", oui/si/non (and their Japanese equivalents hai/îe), and persons
Poudat, Céline. „Etude contrastive de l'article scientifique de revue linguistique dans une perspective d'analyse des genres“. Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE1078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present PhD aims at an operational definition of the concept of genre, based on a corpus of 224 articles issued from linguistics journals and making the most of quantitative and Natural Language Processing methods. Two types of genre criteria are determined and used to define articles : genre-oriented morphosyntactic descriptors, and textual components and thematics. The partition is methodological, as the two levels constantly interfere. After a description of the main corpus, a contrastive analysis enables us to highlight extrinsic variation principles : personal styles, genre and domain variations and language impact. This quantitative and qualitative study finally provides a linguistic description of the different sides of a complex and multidimensionnel object, as well as a methodology to observe and characterize genres
Djohar, Abdou. „Approche contrastive franco-comorienne : les séquences figées à caractère adjectival“. Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs in French, there are a significant number Comorian of fixed adjectival sequences that the use only oral. Adjectival these sequences have never been studied. They are remarkable subtype Prep N, Adj as Det N (the angels, thick as a brick…). These predicative adjectives to express a complex shape condition and the pronominalisables. They may be analyzed as predicative adjectives in that they have the same syntax as simple adjectives property they are compatible as well as the epithet that the attribute position. The morpho-syntactic analysis and semantic analysis of the adjectival sequences allow us to understand their fixed character meets two conditions congealing: polylexicaux and they have a certain degree of fossilization, the second condition can be demonstrated the fact that you can not replace a word with another word. In our study contrastive Franco-Comorian, we conducted an exhaustive survey of adjectival phrases from Comoros and established a typology of adjectival predicates using the same principles as for the French
Lee, Kangho. „Les classes d'objets dans le domaine militaire : étude contrastive français-coréen“. Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur study adopts the model of object classes, in the tradition of Z. S. Harris’ transformational grammar and M. Gross’ work on Lexicon-Grammar, to describe the specialized language of the military in French and Korean. In this theoretical framework, the smallest unit of meaning is the elementary sentence, which is defined in terms of predicates and arguments. Following this principle, the terms related to land operations are described and classified according to their semantics based on syntactic criteria. Our analysis builds on a detailed description of the functioning of military terms within the elementary sentence, in the same way as words in general language. This helps explain terminological intuition and show the correlation between semantics and syntax. The use of object classes for the description of the predicative and argumental properties of military terms highlights the combinations between predicate nouns and their support verbs, as well as between arguments and their appropriate predicates. As a result, it becomes possible to describe in a systematic and explicit manner, the syntactic behaviour of military terms through their object classes
Lachaux, Françoise. „Le prétérit anglais et ses diverses réalisations en français : étude de linguistique contrastive“. Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work, based on a large corpus of examples, offers a new analysis of the traditional values attributed to the English preterite, in view of its numerous translations into french. It is commonly admitted that the abstract function of the preterite is to point out a discrepancy between the predicative relation and the situation of enunciation : either to locate the predicative relation in the past, or to indicate that it does not correspond to the extralinguistic reality at the time of enunciation, that it is a « virtual » hypothesis. However, in some cases, the preterite does not seem to be used to refer to the past or to hypothesis, but to the “attitude” of the utterer towards the co-utterer, like some abstract code meant to attract his or her attention. The role of translation is then fundamental, in that it points out the deep abstract linguistic operations at work behind the apparent simplicity of the preterite, and it gives a « photographic » reflection of its values in context. The analysis of the stylistic uses of the preterite, which have rarely been mentioned so far, confirms the necessity of an « enlarged » concept of the discrepancy at work, when studying this grammatical marker, putting forward a more << subjective » approach. The values of other abstract markers, such as the be + -ing form, the were form in the « was/were » micro—system, the French imparfait and the expression être en train de, are also taken into account and analysed
Langlais, Annie. „Prépositions et particules adverbiales : versatilité sémantique et fonctionnalité grammaticale : étude de linguistique contrastive“. Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is an investigation into the distribution in usage of short english morphemes making up the body of prepositions and/or adverbial particles. The author has selected 15 forms among the most versatile, as regards their lexical as well as their syntactic potentiality. They are : at, in, on, off, up, down, by, over, through, across, to, from, out, away and about. This work is conducted in the light of cognitive concepts - among which that of family resemblances. - with a view to bringing out, half-way between predictiveness and convention, some pattern of semantic coherence extending over the whole set of their occurrences. The linguistic analyses feed on the theoretic works of antoine culioli and ronald langacker. Last but not least, the contrastive method is used throughout. All the examples are studied in context, in comparison with their available translation into french. The interlingual perspective has a dual advantage : it throws light on the intralingual workings, while contributing its piece to research in translation. This particular field appears all the more challenging as these "minor parts of english speech" sound eminently idiomatic to the french ear. Definitely cutting across categories, the author's work consists in shadowing each morpheme thanks to conceptual metaphor, from a prototypical prepositional value - a topological asymmetric relation between two elements - over to its temporal and more abstract occurrences, down to some non-referential adverbial values, thus replacing the morpheme into a topology of grammatical space. Through successive shifts along a semantic, lexical and syntactic continuum, the study ends with and opens up onto the issue of the aspectual determination of the verb by the particle, and lays the bases for a parallelism with another class of iconic units, namely affixes. Those points are presented as matter for prospective research
Lansari, Laure. „Linguistique contrastive et traduction les périphrases verbales "aller + infinitif" et "be going to /“. Paris : Ophrys, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018664884&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelettres, Cécile. „La sémantique des quantificateurs vagues : étude contrastive allemand-français“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to describe precisely the semantics of the French vague quantifiers quelques and plusieurs, and of the German einig-, ein paar, etlich- and mehrer- in order to propose a comparison. A qualitative analysis of a French literary corpus has allowed us to extricate semantic operating criteria allowing to differentiate the quantifiers from each other. These operating criteria had the possibility, for the most part, to be then applied to German quantifiers, analyzed from a similar corpus to the French one. The study of a second German corpus, journalistic, has allowed to hone on the preferences of use relative to that kind of speech. All these vague quantifiers share a core meaning of “small vague quantities” and therefore the semes and the secondary potential traits allow to know each’s own semantic profile, to understand their operation and thus their preferred use. In the last part we put together the functioning of both language’s quantifiers, offer equivalencies by context and improvements of their monolingual and bilingual lexicographic treatment
Chodaková, Polina. „Analyse prosodique de musiques urbaines en français et en tchèque“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC292/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the rhythm, stress and intonation in rap and reggae music. It describes the form features of declamations which combine chant, halfsinging and singing, in the theoretical framework of contrastive prosody and verse theory. The thesis consists of seven chapters and is based on a textual corpus of 200 songs in French and Czech, assembled for this dissertation. The linguistic material of 59,000 syllabes is a representativeset of excerpts, transcribed in rhythmic grids with an auditive analysis.From the prosodic point of view, rap and reggae display an important degree of rhythmic reorganisation. In both languages, setting texts to music is performed according to an isochronous pattern, which is imposed on the lyrics with an isosyllabic rhythm and whose bound stress system is weak. It is shown through interactive constraints, which reflect universal tendencies in verbal art, that both genres exhibit a lot of freedom in the association of lyrics and the musical meter. Several linguistic categories manifest various types of mismatches. A form rearrangement (stress shifts, dynamic stress) follows from this rhythmisation, as well as from the syllable density of the metrical scheme and a rather high speaking rate. French rap has the most frequent use of poetic license through its practice of the Stress Promotion principle (accenting syllables falling on the beats). The syllabic level seems intact in the realisation of the imported rhythms, as several measures demonstrate that rap and reggae are closer to speech than to singing. A similar observation appears at the intonational level of rap, because its nuclear contour inventory makes it closely resemble speech. From the metrical point of view, a big part of the corpus is classified as chanted and half-sung liberated verse. The lineation is supported by intonation, which participates in a strophic grouping, according to the genres' model of American and Jamaican reggae. The lyrics are also interpretable as verse instances of the alliterative meter. Its rhythmical techniques (internal rhymes, syncopation, etc) establish a poetic grammar of rap and reggae and define the two stages of their evolution
Tato disertace se zabývá rytmem, přízvukováním a intonací v rapu a v reggae hudbě. Popisuje formální rysy jejich způsobů přednesu, které se váží na poetickou recitaci, zpěv a polozpěv, a které jsou podrobeny analýze v rámci srovnávací prozódie a teorie verše. Práce sestává ze sedmi kapitol a staví na základě textového korpusu sestaveného za jejím účelem, který obsahuje 200 písní v češtině a ve francouzštině. Tento jazykový materiál o cca 59 000 slabikách je reprezentativním souborem úryvků zaznamenaných do tzv. rytmických mřížek pomocí poslechové metody.Z prozodického hlediska rap a reggae vykazuje mnoho změn v rytmické organizaci oproti jiným druhům verbálního umění. V obou jazycích je zhudebnění textů dosaženo skrze izochronní rytmický vzor, který se prosazuje v textech rytmu izoslabičného, jejichž přízvukový systém je pevný a slabý. S odkazem na tzv. interaktivní omezení, která odrážejí univerzální tendence, se oba žánry jeví jako spíše tolerantní vzhledem k volnosti spojení textů a hudebního metra. Jednotlivé jazykové kategorie projevují různé druhy nesouladu mezi oběma složkami. Tento druh rytmizace má za následek nové formální uspořádání(posuny přízvuku, jeho silová realizace), na kterém se podílí také hustota slabik v rytmickém schématu či zvýšené tempo řeči. Největší volnost je sledována u francouzského rapu, pro nějž je typické automatické přidělení metrického přízvuku na hudebních dobách (tj. sekundární realizace silných pozic). I přes výrazný odklon od jazykové normy v přízvukové rovině je při přednesu nově zavedených rytmů plně zachována rovina slabičná. Slabikování přibližuje rap a reggae více řeči než zpěvu, stejně jako inventářnukleárních kontur přibližuje řeči rapovou intonaci.Z metrického hlediska je velká část korpusu zařazena jako skandované a polozpívané uvolněné verše. Intonační jednotky podtrhují frázování veršů, jejichž strofika je ovlivněna metrickou strukturou obou žánrových modelů (americký rap, jamajské, reggae). Texty je také možno považovat za aliterační verše. Jejich rytmické výrazové prostředky (vnitřní rýmy, synkopy aj.) se uplatňují jako poetická gramatika rapu a reggae a umožňují rozlišit dvě vývojové fáze obou žánrů
Buddhapong, Sudarat. „Étude contrastive des moyens exprimant le passif en français et en thaï“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040151.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is a contrastive study of various passive syntactic constructions in French and Thai. The study also extends to examine the general definitions of passive, by studying various passive constructions in both languages. The findings reveal that in French, the language constructions with passive meaning are characterized thematically more than semantically, and the passive forms are presented according to focalization or verbal expressions. However, in Thai, the passive forms are characterized semantically – detrimental, benefactive, and neutral – the meaning governing the choice of passive structures. Constructions with passive meaning are more frequently used in French than in Thai. Besides, grammatical subjects with patient role can be omitted in Thai, but not in French. Agents can be deleted in both languages. In French, noun phrase order constructions with passive meaning are from singular impersonal noun to singular impersonal noun, while in Thai they are from singular personal noun to singular personal noun. Furthermore, some verbs which can be employed in the various constructions with passive meaning cannot always freely substitute in all constructions. Finally, the study shows that the general definitions of passive cannot be accepted without considering semantic factors
Valma, Eleni. „L'expression de la causalité en français et en grec moderne : étude contrastive“. Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur contrastive study on the expression of causality in French and Modem Greek propose the analysis of some causal conjunctions as well as the analysis of psych verbs. This study distinguishes causality from causativity and semantic transitivity. Causality implies a relation between two events (Situation1 and Situation2) where Sit1 is a condition for Sit2 or Sit2 is presented as an explanation or a justification of Sit1. Following Torch's (1995) distinction between external and internal causality, we specify the role of additional notions (explication, argumentation, reasoning, justification) as well as the role of the belief shared by the same community. We propose four subcategories of cause (true, attested, certain, plausible) implying different degree of involvement of the speaker in the variety of his proposition. The extent to which the listener will accept the causal relation is also subject to variation
Bellung, Ingemar. „Une étude linguistique contrastive : L'emploi des expressions du "futur" dans deux langues, français - suédois“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGehr, Hedwig. „Analyse linguistique contrastive de slogans publicitaires : automobiles en France et en Allemagne : 1985-1987“. Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis analysis shows the differences and similarities between french and german advertising slogans of cars. The corpus consists of slogans from 1985 to 1987. The thesis is divided in three parts: syntx, lexis and values
Guillaumin, Agnès. „Un genre textuel stéréotypé : la demande d’emploi : analyse contrastive français-allemand“. Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExploring the both strange and familiar place that ‘situations wanted’ represents has been the aim of this piece of work. It is familiar because, like all text types, it seems obvious : before being a concept, the text type already exists. Situations wanted is one of those verbal routines, a stereotyped speech act using a pattern. This pattern, even though it makes formulation easier, also makes for the uniformity of all text objects ; it is this very specificity which allows a contrastive approach, whose objective is to bring to light the patterns "Demande d’emploi" and "Stellengesuch" and their common points and differences. It is a strange place between the constraints set by the situation and the freedom for the writer to turn the pattern into parole, to blow up this closed and fixed space by dynamic enunciation. After achieving the state of research, it is the integrative, Top-Down analysis (Mehrebenenmodell) based on the following categories of content, function, situation and form, which seems to be the most appropriate to account for this complex textual object. The text is first analysed using Searle’s theory of speech acts, i. E. As a directive speech act. The pragmatic approach shows the interaction of external and internal parameters. Then, the choice of an enunciative and argumentative approach allows us to describe the strategic devices brought into play by the speaker in order to influence the interlocutor and in particular, the part played by verbal subjectivity in the process of persuasion
Stunová́, Anna. „A contrastive study of Russian and Czech aspect : invariance vs. discourse /“. Amsterdam : Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372054705.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStrik, Nelleke. „Syntaxe et acquisition des phrases interrogatives en français et en néerlandais : une étude contrastive“. Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/145515753#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation is about the syntax and acquisition of simple and Long Distance Wh interrogative sentences in French and Dutch, two typologically different languages. We report on the results of an elicited production task with children aged 3 to 6 in these two languages, which makes it possible to carry out a systematic comparison. We claim that the development of interrogative sentences is determined by the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis (cf. Jakubowicz 2005, Jakubowicz & Strik 2008), which proposes that derivational complexity can be calculated by a metric. In particular, in the acquisition of Long Distance Wh interrogatives, a contrast between the French and the Dutch children appears, whereby the latter produce more non-standard structures, involving less complexity. The fact that the French children do not prefer certain less complex structures leads us to conclude that syntactic operations are constrained by others factors, like interpretational requirements (guided by Logical Form) and working memory. In general, we suppose that language acquisition involves tension between derivational simplicity and interpretational ease
Bachschmidt, Patrick. „Etude contrastive des phénomènes d'assertion dans un corpus d'articles français et anglais consacrés à la mécanique“. Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present contrastive study is situated within the framework of current english studies in france relative to the linguistics of utterance. It is oriented towards the scientific discourse of mechanical engineering (as a branch of physics) found in a representative corpus of thirty research articles published in french and thirty articles published in english. The study endeavours to analyse various phenomena of simple assertive modality as linguistic expressions of an utterer's endorsement of a thought content represented by the predicative relation and addressed to a co-utterer. First studied are the phenomena of simple assertive modality which appear most natural in the discourse procedure of the research article in mechanical engineering, whether in the paratextual features, or within such relations as quotation, equivalence, emphasis and negation. Studied next are the phenomena of assertive modality linked to actualization due to location relative to a specific situation, such as the utterer and the co-utterer's marks, the different values of root modality applied to the scientific object, and the impersonal marks. The study also attempts to highlight the metalinguistic notion of assertivity pervading utterances in the specific discourse, and the end of the study aims at defining assertivity within the logic modelling of the french, as compared to the english, research article in mechanical engineering
Pernot, Caroline Métrich René Albrecht Jörn. „Le discours second en allemand et en français analyse contrastive et traductologique /“. S. l. : S. l. : Nancy 2 ; Université d'Heidelberg, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc310/2007NAN21022.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Varga, Lidia. „Classification sémantique des prédicats de mouvement du hongrois dans l'optique du traitement automatique : étude contrastive hongrois-français“. Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is propose a typology of predicates of motion in Hungarian. The typology reflects a simple objective perception of motion and space. The analysis uses the theory of object classes, which we applied to Hungarian. The predicates of motion correspond to verb predicates, noun predicates and to predicate adjectives. Our classification is based on semantic properties such as directionality, mood destination, goal, place and the aspectual properties. These semantic properties are completed by morpho-syntactic properties needed for natural language processing. The contrastive component of our study has made it possible to propose a better description of the classes of predicates in Hungarian and to bring out the morpho-syntactic and combinatory differences specific to both languages in the expression of motion, such as the role of verb prefixes, locative complements, and underline the importance of noun predicate
Olsen, Lis. „Théorie linguistique et acquisition du langage : étude contrastive des relations anaphoriques, syntaxe danoise et syntaxe comparée“. Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080680.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis treats anaphora in danish, english and french. The framework is noam chomsky's theory of a universal grammar. A modification of the binding theory is proposed based on the hypothesis that anaphores and pronouns have distinct morphological progerties, that is, in the unmarked case, anaphors are elements with-out phi-features (number-, gender- and personfeatures). This generalization allows a simplication of the binding theory associating the morphological and referentiel properties of an element. Empirical facts are presented which show that for a variety of languages, the morphological approach is more attractive than the classical approach, not only from an empirical point of view, but also as for language acquisition
Lê, Thi Xuyên. „Etude contrastive de l'intonation expressive en français et en vietnamien“. Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study our aim has been to compare psychological and expressive intonation in french and vietnamese. In general the selected attitudes have been correctly identified in both languages: the french and vietnamese hearers are quite able to distinguish a large number of expressive intonations in their respective languages without context or situation. In french the fo value and the contour of the last syllable plays a more important role than any other parameter for the perception of attitudes. In vietnamese the recognition of attitudes improves if at least one syllable is particularly stressed; this makes it possible to say that it is rather intensity and duration which are the pertinent parameters
Trung, Nguyen Lan. „De la linguistique contrastive à l'élaboration d'un manuel de français langue étrangère : une application à la réalité vietnamienne“. Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChoi, Kim Yok. „Essai de recherche en analyse contrastive et en analyse d'erreurs : les systemes morphologiques du francais et du malais“. Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to determine the problems of a morphological kind faced by malay students studying french. The methods used are contrastive analysis and error analysis. This thesis is divided into three parts : (1) a description of the morphology of malay and french; (2) contrastive analysis and error analysis; (3) pedagogical implications. There are altogether eight chapters. Chapter i concerns the explication of the malay language and other languages spoken in malaysia. Chapter ii offers a description of the morphological processes of malay followed by an inventory of the different classes in chapter iii. Chapter iv is devoted to a description of the morphological processes of french. In chapter v, we carry out a contrastive analysis of the two languages while in chapter vi, an error analysis is carried out using the data from responses given by a group of malay students in a test administered to them. In chapter vii, we examine the pedagogical implications of contrastive analysis and error analysis. Finally, in chapter viii, several teaching methods are examined in an attempt to trace the development of methodologies in the teaching of foreign languages. In the conclusion, we discuss the role of the teacher confronted with conflicting theories and methodologies
Zelen̆áková, Mariana. „Etude traductologique et contrastive français-anglais dans le corpus de l'acquis communautaire : le cas des complétives nominales et l'expression du point de vue“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD. Analyses stance in the translations of noun complement clauses in legal texts. Chapter 1 presents the field of corpus linguistics for the investigation of bilingual corpora, the technicalities of corpus annotation and explains why parsed corpora, though desirable, are not as yet available for legal texts. We describe the tools available for linguists to investigate lexical and syntactic constructions and explain the specificity of our corpus, l'Acquis Communautaire, and its automatic morpho-syntactic labelling of individual words (Part of Speech tagging). Chapter 2 details the semantic aspect of our research questions by analysing the notion of stance and its consequences for the analysis of the head nouns. We outline previous research on these issues, in particular the typological approach adopted in (Kanté 2011). Our PhD. Seeks to ascertain the validity of such a typological approach based on general corpora i) for a specific corpus of a specific genre ii) for the kinds of head nouns that can be retrieved in a POS-tagged corpus. This is carried out in chapter 3, which also assesses the benefits and limits of POS-tagging for the retrieval of head nouns in a specialized corpus. When the distinction is made between relative clauses and complement clauses in the automatic tagging (as is the case for the tagset of the French part of the corpus), we analyse the reliability of this annotation by calculating the precision of the POST-tagging for this subtle grammatical distinction of the French que (the equivalent of that, being as well potentially a relative pronoun or a complementiser). Because the syntactic distinction between that as a relative pronoun and that as a complementiser is not encoded in the English tagset for that, we resort to an innovative n-gram approach for the retrieval of English head nouns. We have analysed the sequence determiner + Noun + that, establishing a list of n-gram "candidates" for head nouns. We show that the "noise" is impressive (as evidenced by the extensive annex) and discuss the limits of this adjacency approach. Chapter 4 questions the head noun and the complement clause as a possible locus of subjectivity. We show that subjectivity creeps in in supposedly neutral legal texts within the process of translations, investigating in turn the translation of head nouns typical of the legal genre, of their determiners and of the syntactic environment in which they appear. We try to point out regularities in these translation strategies, raising the issue of the translation of these linguistic objects as potential indicators or predictors of the source language - a recurrent issue in EU official texts
Kim, Bo-Kyung Creissels Denis. „Relatives et complétives du nom en français et en coréen“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/kim_bk.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChouit, Drissia. „L'anaphorisation : de la pronominalisation à l'ellipse : approche métaopérationnelle : analyse contrastive trilingue (anglais, français, arabe) et problèmes de traduction“. Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is composed of three parts: nominal group anaphora, verbal group anaphora and predication anaphora. As it is too general, the concept of anaphora needed redefinition. So, i made a distinction between two types of anaphora: one of phase i which signals that when the enunciator refers to the previous context, the operation he makes is limited to the semantic programme of the items he takes back, and the other of phase 2 which signals that this semantic level is presupposed and that the grammatical structure is pre-constructed because co-accepted by the enunciator and the co-enunciator. This distinction was necessary to give a satisfactory explanation to the structuring and functioning of pronouns, this, do this and do so on the one hand (anaphora of phase 1) and the, that, it, do that, do it,-ing and do operator of syntactic liaison between subject and predicate on the other (anaphora of phase 2). This abstract mechanism of phases gave me tools to show the coherence of the architecture underlying the three languages studied, and to show that one language can shed lights on the functioning of another. I also compared my explanation to that of contemporary researchers to make explicit the new measures i brought. .