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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Logica“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Logica"
1
Piccini, Caterina. „Concetto e realtà: il metodo della logica combinatoria in Hegel“. DILEF. Rivista digitale del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, Nr. 3 (13.12.2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/2023.4345.
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All’interno del grande problema metodologico sul rapporto tra Logica e Realphilosophie, Hegel identifica come realmente scientifica la comprensione della relazione tra Begriff e Vorstellung, in cui si tratta della rappresentazione come strumento categoriale dove il pensiero è immerso nell’alterità. A partire dalla necessità metodologica di un nesso sistematico tra rappresentazione e concetto, costitutivo di una logica combinatoria, il presente contributo si propone di comprendere quali ragioni sistematico-concettuali hanno portato Hegel nell’Enciclopedia delle scienze filosofiche in compendio (nelle sue edizioni più tarde: 1827,1830) a una rivalutazione della rappresentazione in quanto materia indispensabile e condizione necessaria per la conoscenza. La ripresa hegeliana della Vorstellung come sinonimo del logico immerso nell’alterità porterà a interrogarsi sul modo in cui la nozione di Übersetzung sia idonea a esprimere quella delicata azione svolta dalla coscienza nell’atto di far assumere ai propri contenuti una forma filosofica, consentendo di comprendere tutti i gradi della Realphilosophie come momenti di una logica della rappresentazione. Muovendo da tali osservazioni sarà necessario domandarsi se e in che senso la logica combinatoria possa essere considerata una semplice trasposizione del concetto nella rappresentazione o la messa in atto della componente concettuale che nella rappresentazione si volge all’esperienza. Within the methodological problem of the relationship between Logic and Realphilosophie, Hegel identifies as truly scientific the understanding of the relationship between Begriff and Vorstellung. In that relationship, representation is treated as a categorical instrument where thought is immersed in otherness. Starting from the methodological necessity of a systematic link between representation and concept, constitutive of a combinatory logic, the present contribution aims to understand what systemic-conceptual reasons led Hegel in the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Compendium (in its later editions: 1827,1830) to a re-evaluation of representation as an indispensable subject and necessary condition for knowledge. The Hegelian revival of Vorstellung as a synonym for the logical immersed in otherness will then lead to questioning how the notion of Übersetzung is suitable for expressing that delicate action performed by consciousness in the act of making its contents take on a philosophical form, making it possible to understand all the degrees of the Realphilosophie as moments of a logic of representation. On the basis of these observations, it will finally be necessary to ask whether and in what sense combinatorial logic can be considered as a simple transposition of the concept into representation or as the implementation of the conceptual component that in representation turns to experience.
2
Piccini, Caterina. „Concetto e realtà: il metodo della logica combinatoria in Hegel“. DILEF. Rivista digitale del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, Nr. 3 (13.12.2023): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/2024.4345.
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All’interno del grande problema metodologico sul rapporto tra Logica e Realphilosophie, Hegel identifica come realmente scientifica la comprensione della relazione tra Begriff e Vorstellung, in cui si tratta della rappresentazione come strumento categoriale dove il pensiero è immerso nell’alterità. A partire dalla necessità metodologica di un nesso sistematico tra rappresentazione e concetto, costitutivo di una logica combinatoria, il presente contributo si propone di comprendere quali ragioni sistematico-concettuali hanno portato Hegel nell’Enciclopedia delle scienze filosofiche in compendio (nelle sue edizioni più tarde: 1827,1830) a una rivalutazione della rappresentazione in quanto materia indispensabile e condizione necessaria per la conoscenza. La ripresa hegeliana della Vorstellung come sinonimo del logico immerso nell’alterità porterà a interrogarsi sul modo in cui la nozione di Übersetzung sia idonea a esprimere quella delicata azione svolta dalla coscienza nell’atto di far assumere ai propri contenuti una forma filosofica, consentendo di comprendere tutti i gradi della Realphilosophie come momenti di una logica della rappresentazione. Muovendo da tali osservazioni sarà necessario domandarsi se e in che senso la logica combinatoria possa essere considerata una semplice trasposizione del concetto nella rappresentazione o la messa in atto della componente concettuale che nella rappresentazione si volge all’esperienza. Within the methodological problem of the relationship between Logic and Realphilosophie, Hegel identifies as truly scientific the understanding of the relationship between Begriff and Vorstellung. In that relationship, representation is treated as a categorical instrument where thought is immersed in otherness. Starting from the methodological necessity of a systematic link between representation and concept, constitutive of a combinatory logic, the present contribution aims to understand what systemic-conceptual reasons led Hegel in the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Compendium (in its later editions: 1827,1830) to a re-evaluation of representation as an indispensable subject and necessary condition for knowledge. The Hegelian revival of Vorstellung as a synonym for the logical immersed in otherness will then lead to questioning how the notion of Übersetzung is suitable for expressing that delicate action performed by consciousness in the act of making its contents take on a philosophical form, making it possible to understand all the degrees of the Realphilosophie as moments of a logic of representation. On the basis of these observations, it will finally be necessary to ask whether and in what sense combinatorial logic can be considered as a simple transposition of the concept into representation or as the implementation of the conceptual component that in representation turns to experience.
3
Common, John. „Dura logica, sed logica“. La Revue Nouvelle N° 3, Nr. 3 (30.04.2021): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rn.213.0022.
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4
Spruyt, Joke. „Logica modernorum“. Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 113, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/antw2021.2.005.spru.
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Abstract Logica modernorum. A critical note on Habermas’s portrait of medieval philosophy In his monumental history of philosophy, the eminent scholar Jürgen Habermas has managed to provide us with a thorough and very nuanced overview of thousands of years of western thought. The famous philosopher paints an impressive picture of the vicissitudes of the modernisation processes featuring in the history of western philosophy. The Leitmotiv of Habermas’s narrative is the way in which throughout history philosophy dealt with the question concerning the relationship between faith and reason. When it comes to the Middle Ages, it is not surprising that Habermas should focus on the opposition between Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham. However, by confining himself to the concepts of fides and ratio, he completely overlooks thirteenth-century developments in the domain of logic. To take note of these developments is fundamental to understand the process of modernisation in philosophy. The aim of this paper is to fill in the gap, by concentrating on thirteenth-century discussions of necessity and (logical) consequences.
5
Tulenheimo, Tero. „Three Nordic Neo-Aristotelians and the First Doorkeeper of Logic“. Studia Neoaristotelica 19, Nr. 1 (2022): 3–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20221911.
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I discuss the views on logic held by three early Nordic neo-Aristotelians — the Swedes Johannes Canuti Lenaeus (1573–1669) and Johannes Rudbeckius (1581–1646), and the Dane Caspar Bartholin (1585–1629). They all studied in Wittenberg (enrolled respectively in 1597, 1601, and 1604) and were exponents of protestant (Lutheran) scholasticism. The works I utilize are Janitores logici bini (1607) and Enchiridion logicum (1608) by Bartholin; Logica (1625) and Controversiae logices (1629) by Rudbeckius; and Logica peripatetica (1633) by Lenaeus. Rudbeckius’s and Lenaeus’s books were published much later than they were prepared. Rudbeckius wrote the first versions of his books in 1606, and the material for Lenaeus’s book had been prepared by 1607. Bartholin calls the treatment of the nature of logic the “first doorkeeper of logic”. To compare the views of the three neo-Aristotelians on this topic, I systematically investigate what they have to say about second notions, the subject of logic, the internal and external goal of logic, and the definition of logic. I also compare their approaches with those of Jacob Martini (teacher of Rudbeckius and Bartholin) and Iacopo Zabarella (an intellectual predecessor of all three).
6
Raasing, Ilse. „Logica“. Management Kinderopvang 25, Nr. 1 (Februar 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-019-0008-z.
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Botella, César. „Per un ampliamento del metodo freudiano“. SETTING, Nr. 31 (September 2012): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/set2011-031003.
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L'articolo sostiene la necessitŕ di articolare tra loro, nella terapia psicoanalitica, la componente logica e la componente affettiva della relazione. La componente logico-cognitiva si esprime soprattutto attraverso l'attivitŕ interpretativa all'interno della quale sono presenti implicitamente anche aspetti affettivi; reciprocamente, gli interventi non-interpretativi non mancano mai di una componente logica o cognitiva. Questa č legata alle varie teorie a cui facciamo riferimento e alla conoscenza del paziente, e soprattutto al terapeuta e al controtransfert in quel particolare momento della terapia. Vengono presi in considerazione il significato logico-affettivo del setting, la logica del processo interpretativo, e infine il significato delle "azioni affettive". In particolare viene differenziato il significato delle "azioni affettive" rispetto agli enactment e ai piů generici interventi supportivi. Le prime hanno una struttura particolare e possono avere la capacitŕ di influire in senso positivo sugli schemi della memoria implicita del "Sé cattivoaffetto negativo-oggetto negativo".
8
Valente, Luisa. „Names That Can Be Said of Everything: Porphyrian Tradition and 'Transcendental' Terms in Twelfth-Century Logic“. Vivarium 45, Nr. 2 (2007): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217786.
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AbstractIn an article published in 2003, Klaus Jacobi—using texts partially edited in De Rijk's Logica Modernorum—demonstrated that twelfth-century logic contains a tradition of reflecting about some of the transcendental names (nomina transcendentia). In addition to reinforcing Jacobi's thesis with other texts, this contribution aims to demonstrate two points: 1) That twelfth-century logical reflection about transcendental terms has its origin in the logica vetus, and especially in a passage from Porphyry Isagoge and in Boethius's commentary on it. In spite of the loss of the major part of the Aristotelian corpus, the twelfth-century masters in logic still received some Aristotelian theses concerning the notions of one and being via Porphyry and Boethius; on the basis of such theses, they were able to elaborate a sort of proto-theory of the transcendentals as trans-categorical terms. 2) That this theory is centred on the idea that there exists a particular group of names which have the property that they can be said of everything; this group includes "being", "one", "thing" and "something" (ens, unum, res, aliquid). Twelfth-century masters in logic try to question the (originally Aristotelian) thesis that these terms are equivocal, although they do not deny it completely.
9
Broadie, Alexander, Paulus Venetus und Alan R. Perreiah. „Logica Parva.“ Philosophical Review 95, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1986): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2185059.
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Bozzi, S. „Logica dimostrativa“. History and Philosophy of Logic 34, Nr. 2 (Mai 2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2012.760432.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Logica"
1
BONZIO, STEFANO. „Algebraic structures from quantum and fuzzy logics“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266667.
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This thesis concerns the wide research area of logic. In particular, the first
part is devoted to analyze different kinds of relational systems (orthogonal
and residuated), by investigating the properties of the algebras associated
to them. The second part is focused on algebras of logic, in particular, the
relationship between prominent quantum and fuzzy structures with certain
semirings is proved. The last chapter concerns an application of group theory
to some well known mathematical puzzles.
2
Nalon, Cláudia. „Logica condicional forte“. [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276117.
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Orientador: Jacques WainerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T12:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nalon_Claudia_M.pdf: 2467341 bytes, checksum: 9f24d9238b525a65fc41d8409dadac9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Resumo: As lógicas não-monotônicas podem ser classificadas, segundo as conclusões que podem ser obtidas, em fracas ou fortes. As lógicas fortes, entre as quais se incluem sistemas nãomonotônicos clássicos [Reiter, 80] [McCarthy,80] [Moore, 85] [Marek e Truszczynski, 91], permitem conclusões não desejáveis, deixando de tratar aspectos como, por exemplo, especificidade. Lógicas não-monotônicas fracas, como as condicionais [Delgrande, 87] [Boutilier, 94], não permitem algumas conclusões desejáveis, como as que tratam de irrelevância e herança de propriedades, por exemplo. Esta tese apresenta a semântica da Lógica Condicional Forte (LCF), que atende às características gerais da relação de conseqüência não-monotônica preferencial [Kraus et aI, 90], suportadas pelas lógicas condicionais, mas que, além disso, também lida com outros modos de raciocínio (irrelevância, herança e ambigüidade) não tratados por tais lógicas. A definição da semântica do condicional é mais resttitiva e, além disso, diferentemente de enfoques recentes, que procuram fortalecer lógicas já existentes através de filtros sobre o conjunto de modelos, é proposto um método para a construção dos modelos a partir de. informação local (obtida dos condicionais individualmente) e global (obtida dos condicionais conjuntamente) extraídas diretamente da base de conhecimento
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
3
Petrini, Noemi. „Un argomento di storia della logica: dal sillogismo alla logica monadica“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Il sillogismo è una particolare forma di ragionamento deduttivo nel quale poste due premesse segue una conclusione. Il sillogismo e la sua formalizzazione nell’ambito della logica predicativa sono i temi centrali di questa tesi.
Dopo un breve inquadramento dal punto di vista storico, volto a soffermarsi sull’evoluzione dello studio del sillogismo nel corso della storia, in particolare nell’epoca classica greca, scolastica medievale, moderna e contemporanea, viene illustrata una sua interpretazione mediante il calcolo delle classi. Data la classificazione tradizionale del sillogismo nelle quattro figure, differenziate in base alla posizione che detiene il termine medio nelle premesse, vengono esaminati i 19 tipi di sillogismi corretti, di cui quattro sono detti difettivi.
Nel terzo capitolo è introdotto il calcolo predicativo poiché quello enunciativo si dimostra inadeguato per lo studio della teoria del sillogismo. All’interno della logica dei predicati i sillogismi sono tradotti con predicati a un argomento detti predicati monadici. Parliamo dunque di logica monadica sottolineandone la decidibilità.
Nel quarto capitolo è illustrata una presentazione del sillogismo, in chiave didattica, tratta da “Il gioco della logica” di Lewis Carroll. Analizziamo quindi un gioco divertente e intrigante che permette di verificare la correttezza di alcuni ragionamenti. Si conclude descrivendo una impostazione, della didattica moderna, che permette di determinare non solo la correttezza di un sillogismo ma anche quali conclusioni derivare.
4
Bertacco, Daniele <1976>. „Mea logica, vera logica: il metodo cartesiano e i fatti della ragione“. Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/807.
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Questo lavoro può essere letto come il convergere di due percorsi distinti, l'uno soprattutto
storico, l'altro più prettamente teorico, verso un'interpretazione del Cogito cartesiano come "fatto
della ragione".
Il percorso storico, che coincide con i primi tre capitoli, intende ricostruire il rifiuto cartesiano
della tradizione aristotelico-scolastica, nozione che proprio dal punto di vista storico resta
sottodeterminata, ma d'altra parte è questo un limite che si deve imputare allo stesso Descartes; ho
analizzato dunque quest'unica operazione cartesiana distinguendo in essa tre movimenti
profondamente solidali e complementari: il passaggio dalla logica al metodo, quello dalla verità
come convenienza di soggetto e predicato (correttezza di un giudizio) alla verità come evidenza
(imporsi della semplice presenza all'intuito), e quello dal principio di non contraddizione al Cogito.
Soprattutto il primo movimento è degno della massima attenzione, perché nella sostituzione del
metodo alla logica non si esprime solamente l'adozione di un diverso apparato di regole per la
costruzione del sapere, ma più fondamentalmente l'imporsi di una nuova prospettiva: non più lo
"sguardo assoluto" del logico che pretende di scorgere dall'alto la trama puramente formale del
mondo, ma l'esercizio pratico di una razionalità concretamente situata in questo mondo che deve
conoscere.
Il percorso teorico si sviluppa invece nei capitoli quarto e quinto, per saggiare la consistenza e la
solidità della filosofia cartesiana attraverso il confronto con le due critiche più strutturali di cui essa
è oggetto nel dibattito attuale, vale a dire le questioni del dualismo e dello psicologismo. Anziché
essere il "residuo di un presupposto volgare" (come vuole Bontadini), il dualismo cartesiano viene
letto come la traduzione di un'esperienza irriducibile alla pura teoria, vale a dire la limitatezza del
nostro potere sulle cose, la costitutiva impossibilità che il nostro pensiero (a differenza di quello
divino) si traduca immediatamente in un mondo reale, dovendo piuttosto fare i conti con quanto è
già dato (con una chiaro riferimento alla distinzione kantiana tra intuitus derivativus e intuìtus
originarius). La questione dello psicologismo, poi, viene riaperta in considerazione delle difficoltà
in cui si avvolge la stessa critica anti-psicologistica (qui analizzata nelle versioni di Frege e
Husserl); abbandonando per un momento l'itinerario cartesiano, è ancora in una figura kantiana,
quella dei "fatti della ragione", che viene indicata una soluzione più equilibrata al problema,
distante sia dagli eccessi naturalistici dello psicologismo, sia da quelli formalistici dell'antipsicologismo.
Il sesto e conclusivo capitolo, come accennato in apertura, costituisce allora il culmine e il punto
d'incontro dei due percorsi, poiché la lettura del Cogito come un "fatto della ragione" (che segue ad
uno status quaestionis breve, ma già ricco di spunti) da un lato conferma e illustra in qualità di
esempio paradigmatico le tesi più generali emerse nei tre capitoli di ricostruzione storica (rifiuto
della logica; esaltazione dell'evidenza intuitiva come primo ed essenziale requisito della verità;
rifiuto di un principio che sia puramente formale), e dall'altro giustifica la pertinenza degli excursus
teorici condotti nei capitoli 4 e 5, poiché mostra come alcune suggestioni kantiane siano
effettivamente in grado di gettare maggiore luce sulla filosofia di Descartes, e in particolare sul suo
"punto archimedeo".
This work can be seen as composed by two different routes, the one mainly historical, the other
one more genuinely theoretical, converging towards an interpretation of the Cartesian Cogito as a
"fact of reason".The historical route, which corresponds to the first three chapters, is meant to reconstruct the
Cartesian refusal of the Aristotelian-scholastic tradition (just from a historical point of view, this
notion is left under-determined; this limit, however, is due to Descartes himself); I analysed this
single operation, marking out three strongly united and complementary movements: the passing
from logic to method, that from truth as convenience of subject and predicate (correctness of a
judgement) to truth as evidence (self-imposing of the pure presence to the intuition), and that from
the principle of non-contradiction to the Cogito. Especially the first movement is worth the
maximum attention, because the substitution of method for logic expresses not only the adoption of
a different set of rules in order to build up knowledge, but more basically the imposing of a new
perspective: no more the "absolute eye" of the logic, who pretend to see from above the purely
formal texture of the world, but the practical exercise of a rationality which is concretely placed into
this world that must be known.
The theoretical route, on the other hand, develops in chapter 4 and 5, and its aim is to test the
firmness of Cartesian philosophy through a confrontation with the two more structural criticisms on
it: dualism and psychologism. Instead of being the "trace of a vulgar presupposition" (as Bontadini
said), Cartesian dualism is seen as the expression of an experience which can never be reduced to
pure theory, i.e. the limits of our power over things, the essential impossibility for our thinking
(unlike God's thinking) to be at once a real world, because it has what is already given to reckon
with (this point clearly refers to Kantian distinction between intuitus derivativus and intuitus
originarius). The question of psychologism, then, has been renewed because of the troubles in
which anti-psychologistic criticism itself gets entangled (I analysed here the examples of Frege and
Husserl); diverting for a while from my Cartesian course, I point to another Kantian figure, the
"facts of reason", to find out a well-balanced solution of the problem, far from the naturalistic
excess of psychologism as well as from the formalistic excess of anti-psychologism.
The final chapter, as I mentioned at the beginning, represents therefore the apex and the meeting
point of the two routes, because the reading of the Cogito as a "fact of reason" (after a short but
stimulating status quaestionis) on the one hand confirms and illustrates as an exemplary case the
general thesis coming out from the three historical chapters (refusal of logic; exaltation of the
intuitive evidence as the first and essential requirement for truth; refusal of a merely formal
principle); on the other hand, it justifies the pertinence of the theoretical excursus in chapter 4 and
5, because it shows that some Kantian suggestions are actually of great help in understanding
Descartes, and in particular his "Archimedean point".
5
BARCA, ANDREA. „La costruzione logica del diritto. Proposizioni normative e logica dei sistemi normativi“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1016089.
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A central problem of deontic logic is to reconstruct a notion of normative system (understood as a set of norms, together with their logical consequences) assuming the non-cognitvistic thesis according to which norms are neither true nor false.
This work aims to solve this fundamental problem, starting from the key distinction between the concept of norm and the concept of normative proposition (i.e. the meaning of a statement about the existence/validity of a norm within a given normative system).
Once I have analyzed (and “de-constructed”) the concept of normative proposition, I’ll examine some of the main proposals to solve this problem put forward within the scope of philosophical logic and analytical jurisprudence. In the first place, I’ll examine the “standard” approach to deontic logic, based on possible-world semantics. I’ll argue that the main flaw of this approach consist in the fact that, within the “standard deontic logic”, norms are deemed to be truth-apt entities – and this collides with the core thesis of non-cognitivism in ethics.
Then, I’ll take into account a second attempt to explain the logical relation between the elements of a normative system, based on the so-called Proof-Theoretical semantic theory (developed, first of all, by Prawitz and Dummett); the basic idea of this theory is that the meaning of logical operators (such as deontic modalities) is fixed by the schematic rules for introducing them into a deduction’s premises and conclusions.
Lastly, I’ll try to construct a logic for normative systems by adopting the set-theoretical approach developed within the expressive conception of norms (put forward by Alchourrón and Bulygin), and distinguishing between ‘norms’ (understood as results of speech-acts) and ‘normative statements’ (sentences expressing normative propositions). In this alternative reconstruction I’ll discern between two main normative speech-acts (irreducible to one another): command and permission. I will assume, then, that logical relations do not occur between norms but only between the norm-contents which are, depending on the cases, commanded or permitted by a norm-authority. To explain this logical relations between norm-contents I’ll make use of the notions of satisfiability (of norms) and of ‘rational norm-giver’.
6
Del, Din Guido. „Empirismo e semantica: da Rudolf Carnap all'epistemologia contemporanea“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422596.
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Empiricism and Semantics: From Rudolf Carnap to Contemporary Epistemology
In recent years analytic philosophy has developed a deeper interest in the historiographical reconstruction of its roots. This interest is testified by many publications, which have appeared since the 90’s, about the life and thought of classical authors of analytic tradition, like Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Carnap and Tarski. In my doctoral thesis I take up this line, focusing on two famous works of Rudolf Carnap: Der logische Aufbau der Welt, published in 1928, and Logische Syntax der Sprache, published in 1934. The main reference points of my historical and philosophical research are Jorge Alberto Coffa and Michael Friedman: I try to imitate their style of combining the analysis of technical aspects of logic and philosophy of language with broader considerations about conceptual trends and theoretical contexts.
In the first chapter I present Carnap’s attempt in 1928 to build a symbolic system that formalizes scientific concepts. With this technique of formalization Carnap aims for the reduction of science to subjective experiences. The Aufbau can be seen as a programmatic manifesto of a verificationist theory of meaning, belonging to the empiricist tradition – as Quine indicated in his famous critic. Nevertheless, in the book there are strong influences of the Neokantian school, which link Carnap’s thought to 19th century transcendental philosophy. In the chapter, I highlight the points of the Aufbau in which a “transcendental scheme” can be identified; particularly, the concept of structure, that plays an important role in Carnap’s arguments, shows a kinship with the Kantian tradition. In addition, I emphasize the problematic status of solipsism in the carnapian system.
The second chapter begins with a summary of the Protocol Sentence Debate among the members of the Vienna Circle in the early 30’s. Discussing the function of protocol sentences in the epistemology of logical empiricism, one has to deal with the task of explaining the syntactical relation that the authors had in mind, when they were disputing the foundation of theoretical sentences through the protocols. With regard to this subject, I start to analyze Logische Syntax der Sprache, whose main goal is to define the concept of consequence, a syntactical/semantic relation broader than that determined by the usual rules of derivation in axiomatic systems. Coping with this problem, Carnap develops some technical devices that are pretty close to Tarski’s definition of truth. The chapter finishes with a brief survey of the significance of tarskian semantics for contemporary philosophy of science.
The third chapter consists of the synthetic exposition of an original approach to the problems of formalization and semantics, developed in the 60’s and 70’s by Paul Lorenzen and his scholars. The Erlangen School of epistemological constructivism is here considered because it doesn’t assume the standard opposition between syntax and semantics, the conceptual cornerstone of Carnap’s and Tarski’s analysis of scientific theories. Lorenzen’s approach emphasizes the instrumental and operational elements of the scientific practice; at the same time, he advocates a conception of language in which pragmatics plays a prominent role, encompassing the syntactical and the semantic dimensionEmpirismo e semantica: da Rudolf Carnap all’episteologia contemporanea La ricerca condotta intende ricostruire un percorso storico-filosofico e concettuale che, a partire dall’empirismo neopositivista del Circolo di Vienna, giunge fino ad alcune posizioni largamente condivise dalla filosofia della scienza contemporanea in merito alla formalizzazione, alla struttura logica delle teorie scientifiche e al problema del significato. La parte preponderante del lavoro si è concentrata sull’analisi di due testi di Rudolf Carnap, Der logische Aufbau der Welt (1928) e Logische Syntax der Sprache (1934), in cui vengono esposte e applicate in modo rigoroso due strategie teoriche che costituiscono forse gli assi portanti dell’epistemologia novecentesca di ambito analitico: la determinazione del rapporto tra concetti scientifici e dato empirico e l’analisi delle relazioni inferenziali tra gli enunciati di una teoria. Il primo capitolo, analizzando l’opera carnapiana del 1928, ne identifica da un lato l’aspetto più innovativo nell’impiego dell’apparato logico dei Principia Mathematica di Russell e Whitehead per la costruzione di un linguaggio artificiale in cui tradurre gli enunciati delle singole scienze; dall’altro lato, ricostruisce la filiazione della nozione di esperienza utilizzata da Carnap rispetto alla psicologia sperimentale, alla tradizione empirista inglese e austriaca e alla fenomenologia husserliana. Il verificazionismo dell’Aufbau viene ricollegato all’orizzonte concettuale dell’Erkenntnistheorie neokantiana, soprattutto a proposito dell’enfasi posta sul problema del passaggio dalla dimensione solipsistica e privata del vissuto esperienziale all’intersoggettività propria della scienza. Il secondo capitolo tratta gli sviluppi del pensiero di Carnap negli anni Trenta: il legame con la gnoseologia ottocentesca si indebolisce a vantaggio di un approfondimento di questioni tecniche di logica matematica. Dalle precedenti riflessioni filosofiche sul concetto di esperienza si passa al dibattito sulla forma logica degli enunciati protocollari, oggetto di disputa tra Carnap, Schlick, Neurath e Popper, di cui si cerca di dare un quadro complessivo. Il capitolo procede quindi ad analizzare le definizioni di conseguenza logica e di analiticità proposte in Logische Syntax der Sprache, argomento che consente di instaurare un confronto con il contemporaneo emergere della semantica tarskiana, cui Carnap aderirà negli anni successivi. Infine, vengono presentati alcuni recenti esempi di utilizzo della semantica nel campo della filosofia della scienza. Nel terzo capitolo viene invece esposto l’approccio ai problemi dell’epistemologia e della formalizzazione sviluppato negli anni Sessanta e Settanta da Paul Lorenzen. La proposta di questo autore viene considerata rilevante in quanto ristruttura la consueta opposizione tra sintassi e semantica che Tarski e Carnap hanno contribuito ad affermare. L’impostazione di Lorenzen, mettendo l’accento sugli aspetti tecnico-operativi della pratica scientifica, elabora una concezione del linguaggio in cui la dimensione pragmatica svolge il ruolo dominante. In tal modo, questioni epistemologiche come quelle dell’analiticità o della base empirica, affrontate da Carnap attraverso concetti sintattici o semantici, vengono risolte in modo originale
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Magossi, José Carlos 1963. „Uma logica modal temporal“. [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278664.
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Orientador: Jose Alexandre Durry GuerzoniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T12:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magossi_JoseCarlos_M.pdf: 10085958 bytes, checksum: 78f696d242fe4880bc35c9334cf34e9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994
Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Lógica e Filosofia da Ciência
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Raimondi, Daniele. „Crittoanalisi Logica di DES“. Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1895/.
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La crittografia ha sempre rivestito un ruolo primario nella storia del genere umano, dagli albori ai giorni nostri, e il periodo in cui viviamo non fa certo eccezione.
Al giorno d'oggi, molti dei gesti che vengono compiuti anche
solo come abitudine (operazioni bancarie, apertura automatica dell'auto, accedere a Facebook, ecc.), celano al loro interno la costante presenza di sofisticati sistemi crittografici. Proprio a causa di questo fatto, è importante
che gli algoritmi utilizzati siano in qualche modo certificati come ragionevolmente sicuri e che la ricerca in questo campo proceda costantemente, sia dal punto di vista dei possibili nuovi exploit per forzare gli algoritmi usati, sia introducendo nuovi e sempre più complessi sistemi di sicurezza. In questa tesi viene proposto una possibile implementazione di un particolare tipo di
attacco crittoanalitico, introdotto nel 2000 da due ricercatori dell'Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, e conosciuto come "Crittoanalisi Logica". L'algoritmo su cui è incentrato il lavoro è il Data Encryption Standard (DES), ostico standard crittografico caduto in disuso nel 1999 a causa delle dimensioni ridotte della chiave, seppur tuttora sia algebricamente inviolato.
Il testo è strutturato nel seguente modo:
il primo capitolo è dedicato ad una breve descrizione di DES e della
sua storia, introducendo i concetti fondamentali con cui si avrà a che
fare per l'intera dissertazione
Nel secondo capitolo viene introdotta la Crittoanalisi Logica e viene
fornita una definizione della stessa, accennando ai concetti matematici
necessari alla comprensione dei capitoli seguenti.
Nel capitolo 3 viene presentato il primo dei due software sviluppati per rendere possibile l'attuazione di questo attacco crittoanalitico, una libreria per la rappresentazione e la manipolazione di formule logiche
scritta in Java.
Il quarto ed ultimo capitolo descrive il programma che, utilizzando la libreria descritta nel capitolo 3, elabora in maniera automatica un insieme di proposizioni logiche semanticamente equivalenti a DES, la cui verifica di soddisfacibilità, effettuata tramite appositi tools (SAT
solvers) equivale ad effettuare un attacco di tipo known-plaintext su tale algoritmo.
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Dainesi, Carlotta. „Logica modale della dimostrabilità“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3685/.
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CUSCUSA, LUCA. „L’implicazione in C.I. Lewis. La nascita dell’implicazione stretta dagli scritti giovanili alla Symbolic Logic“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266373.
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The necessity of ordering the philosohpical path that leads Clarence
Irving Lewis to the formulation of the systems of strict implication
gives birth to this work of thesis. After a short general introduction
about the life and the philosophical view of Lewis, which is not
strictly related to the logical writings, the attention has been at first
focused on the historical-philosophic period between the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries the framework in which his logical studies
are put in, and afterwards on one of the first debates about material
implication which shows Bertrand Russell and Hugh MacColl
as leading actors. Subsequently an analysis of the early writings of
Lewis has been performed. This period started with Implication and
the Algebra of Logic, published in 1912, and ended in 1918 with Survey
of Symbolic Logic; and the subsequent revisions written in 1920
in the article A Strict Implication - An Emandation. For the first time,
the theory of the strict implication has been shown. Chapter three is
dedicated to the Symbolic Logic. This text is known as fundamental
in the history of Lewis’ thought. Particularly, the work has been interested
in a specific way to those chapters dedicated to truth-value
systems and to the notions of implication and deducibility, central
ideas in the Harvard’s philosopher logic system. Furthermore a section
has been dedicated to the analysis of the systems of strict implication:
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, that represent the highest peak of the
Lewis’ logical study.
Bücher zum Thema "Logica"
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R, Perreiah Alan, Hrsg. Logica parva. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2002.
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2
Abrusci, Vito Michele, und Lorenzo Tortora de Falco. Logica. Milano: Springer Milan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-3968-1.
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Abrusci, Vito Michele, und Lorenzo Tortora de Falco. Logica. Milano: Springer Milan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5538-4.
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1970-, Rode Christian, Hrsg. Logica. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2002.
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Cosașu, Radu. Logica. [Bucharest]: Cartea Românească, 1985.
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de, Rijk Lambertus Marie, Hrsg. Logica. [Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt: Frommann-Holzborg, 1999.
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Barone, Francesco. Logica formale e logica trascendentale. Milano: UNICOPLI, 1999.
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Barone, Francesco. Logica formale e logica trascendentale. Milano: UNICOPLI, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Logica"
1
THAKKAR, Mark. „Wyclif’s Logica and the Logica Oxoniensis“. In Textes et Etudes du Moyen Âge, 1–31. Rome, Italy: Fédération Internationale des Instituts d’Études Médiévales, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tema-eb.5.124449.
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Cristiani, Emiliano. „Logica matematica“. In Chiamalo x!, 103–10. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1091-8_14.
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3
Sambin, G. „Logica intuizionistica e logica classica a confronto“. In Un mondo di idee, 87–106. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1744-3_7.
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4
Flaminio, Tommaso, und Sara Ugolini. „Hyperstates of Involutive MTL-Algebras that Satisfy $$(2x)^2=2(x^2)$$“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1342-8_1.
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Streufert, Peter A. „The Category of Node-and-Choice Forms, with Subcategories for Choice-Sequence Forms and Choice-Set Forms“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 15–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1342-8_2.
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Balbiani, Philippe. „About the Temporal Logic of the Lexicographic Products of Unbounded Dense Linear Orders: A New Study of Its Computability“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 67–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1342-8_3.
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Balbiani, Philippe, und Çiğdem Gencer. „Contact Logic is Finitary for Unification with Constants“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 85–104. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1342-8_4.
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Dong, Huimin. „A Multi-agent Default Theory of Permission“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 105–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1342-8_5.
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Conradie, Willem, und Claudette Robinson. „Algebraic Semantics for Hybrid Logics“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 123–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1342-8_6.
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Ono, Hiroakira. „Semantical Approach to Cut Elimination and Subformula Property in Modal Logic“. In Logic in Asia: Studia Logica Library, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48357-2_1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Logica"
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Favorskaya, A., A. Kabanova und I. Petrov. „Applying Wave Logica Method for Geophysical Prospecting“. In Geomodel 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802377.
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José Dias da Cunha, Cristóvão, SUELEN CRISTIAN DE FREITAS MORAIS, Thamyres Machado David, Rubens Alves Dias und Paloma Maria Silva Rocha Rizol. „Desmistificando a Logica Fuzzy Tipo-2 Intervalar“. In Congresso Brasileiro de Educação em Engenharia. Associação Brasileira de Educação em Engenharia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37702/2175-957x.cobenge.2023.4688.
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Rivers, Rod. „Human computer interaction division Logica Cambridge LTD., UK“. In the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/108844.109013.
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Bollini, Letizia. „RES LOGICA MAGISTER. TESTING WITH TEACHERS A GAMIFICATION-BASED TABLET APP FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING“. In 12th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.0111.
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Negrusa, Alexandru. „The influence of the national bank of Moldova on banking sector activity in the context of Covid-19“. In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359030.61.
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Pandemia Covid-19 a destabilit toate sectoarele economice la nivel mondial, fiind o provocare la fel și pentru sectorul bancar, pe care se bazează funcționarea tuturor proceselor economice, respectiv și nivelul de bunăstare a celor sociale. Banca Națională a Moldovei a intervenit cu o politică de suport și stimulare a sectorului bancar, utilizănd așa instrumente ca rezervele minimi obligatorii, regularea ratei de dobănda, oferirea posibilității unor modificări in contractele de credit entităților ce au suferit de consecințele pandemice. În aceasta lucrare, bazăndu-ne pe metode de cercetare precum metode general-stiințifice de cunoaștere, analiză logica, metoda documentară s.a., urmărind scopul general de determinare a influenții autorităților din Republica Moldova asupra sectorului bancar pentru suportul acestuia, considerînd rolul acestui sector ca baza funcționării economice și stabilitații țării.
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Gondim, João J. C. „Visando o Reuso Formalmente Justificado de Especificações“. In Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbes.1995.24077.
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As abordagens tradicionais de reuso em engenharia de software estão centradas na reutilização integral de módulos de programas a nível de código. Neste trabalho, nos distanciamos desta abordagem de duas formas: primeiro por trabalhar com especificações ao invés de programas; segundo por permitir o reuso parcial de módulos. Para isto, propomos uma framework para tratar do problema baseada na logica formal. Descrevemos o problema nestes termos e, baseando-se em princípios de reuso que fazem sentido em termos de engenharia de sofware, obtemos uma solução que evita algumas desvantagens de outras abordagens. Conseguiu-se tambem relcionar os resultados obtidos com outros referentes à formalização do processo de implementação, e ainda como é possível obter metodologias de reuso que são simples e formalmente justificadas.
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Benzmüller, Christoph. „A (Simplified) Supreme Being Necessarily Exists, says the Computer: Computationally Explored Variants of Gödel's Ontological Argument“. In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/80.
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An approach to universal (meta-)logical reasoning in classical higher-order logic is employed to explore and study simplifications of Kurt Gödel's modal ontological argument. Some argument premises are modified, others are dropped, modal collapse is avoided and validity is shown already in weak modal logics K and T. Key to the gained simplifications of Gödel's original theory is the exploitation of a link to the notions of filter and ultrafilter in topology. The paper illustrates how modern knowledge representation and reasoning technology for quantified non-classical logics can contribute new knowledge to other disciplines. The contributed material is also well suited to support teaching of non-trivial logic formalisms in classroom.
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Flaminio, Tommaso, Sandro Preto und Sara Ugolini. „Reasoning about Probability via Continuous Functions“. In 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/28.
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For functional representation in an algebraizable logic we mean a representation of the algebras of formulas of the logic by means of (possibly real-valued) functions. Functional representations have shown to be a key tool for the study of non-classical logics, since they allow to regard formulas as functions and, by means of them, to approach the study of typical proof theoretical properties of the logics by means of their functional semantics. In the realm of (algebraizable) fuzzy logics, possibly the most well-known result in this respect is McNaughton theorem that shows formulas of the infinite-valued Lukasiewicz calculus to correspond, up to logical equivalence, to real valued continuous and piecewise linear functions. The functional representation for many-valued logics has been very recently shown in a paper by the second author to have an impact outside the purely logical realm and, in particular, they can be applied to study properties of artificial neural networks. In this contribution, we will provide a functional representation for the probability modal logic FP(L) that builds on Lukasiewicz calculus by adding to it a unary operator P that reads “it is probable that”. While the logic FP(L) is not algebraizable, at least not in the usual sense due to Blok and Pigozzi, we still can provide a functional representation result for its modal formulas. In order to do so, we adapt the usual universal algebraic methods to this peculiar setting, and moreover we make use of some techniques developed in a recent paper by two of the authors where a class of purely algebraic models for FP(L) based on de Finetti's coherence criterion have been introduced and studied. Our contribution will present two ways of providing a functional representation of the algebras of formulas of the modal logic FP(L): a local one, that relies on de Finetti's coherence argument; and a global one that, instead, relies on probability distributions on a finite domain.
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Schwering, Christoph. „A Reasoning System for a First-Order Logic of Limited Belief“. In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/173.
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Logics of limited belief aim at enabling computationally feasible reasoning in highly expressive representation languages. These languages are often dialects of first-order logic with a weaker form of logical entailment that keeps reasoning decidable or even tractable. While a number of such logics have been proposed in the past, they tend to remain for theoretical analysis only and their practical relevance is very limited. In this paper, we aim to go beyond the theory. Building on earlier work by Liu, Lakemeyer, and Levesque, we develop a logic of limited belief that is highly expressive but remains decidable in the first-order and tractable in the propositional case and exhibits some characteristics that make it attractive for an implementation. We introduce a reasoning system that employs this logic as representation language and present experimental results that showcase the benefit of limited belief.
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Nan, Emanuela. „Rinaturactivazione: nuove strategie di sviluppo sostenibile dai centri storici mediterranei: Genova città-laboratorio“. In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7984.
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I territori sono oggi utilizzati come un “menu” all’interno del quale ci si sposta sempre più
liberamente secondo le proprie necessità. Le città, già da tempo, hanno assunto l’accezione di
sistemi integrati, apparendo sempre più simili a una miscellanea, composita e variabile, alla cui
definizione concorrono molteplici dispositivi e la cui comprensione e gestione operativa sembra
trovarsi non più nella perimetrazione di registri e contesti formali, ma nell’individuazione di
regole e tattiche capaci di guidare e prevedere gli esiti e le evoluzioni delle differenti dinamiche
e vocazioni.
In questo progressivo evolversi delle realtà urbane, i centri storici, in particolare quelli dell’area
mediterranea, storicamente, fortemente strutturati, iper-stratificati e densi, risultano inadeguati a
rispondere alle nuove necessità della vita odierna
Fondamentale, in questo senso, diviene, dunque, individuare e riconoscere un nuovo criterio e
metodo per la gestione di questi contesti, mirato, non a stravolgerli o snaturarli in nome del
progresso, ma, al contrario, a riattivarli nuovamente come nodi propulsivi a partire dalla
riscoperta di valenze e funzioni intrinseche alla loro storica dimensione e natura, sulla base una
logica sostanzialmente rinnovativo-reinterpretativo. Genova, si propone come un fantastico
laboratorio per l’individuazione di strategie e azioni mirate a tracciarne nuovi sviluppi futuribili
rispondenti alle odierne logiche attive di sostenibilità, avanzamento e interconnessione locale e
globale. The territories are now used as a "menu", where people move more freely according to their
own needs . The city , for some time , have taken on the meaning of integrated systems ,
appearing more like a miscellany definition of which contribute to multiple devices and whose
understanding and operational management appears to be no longer in the delimitation of
records and formal, but in ' identification of rules and tactics capable of guiding and predicting
possible outcomes and the evolution of the different dynamics and vocations. This gradual development of urban , historic centers , particularly those of the Mediterranean ,
historically , highly structured , hyper - layered and dense , are inadequate to meet the new
needs of today's life .
Fundamental , in this sense , becomes, therefore , to identify and recognize a new criterion and
method for the management of these contexts , focused, not distorting them or altering them in
the name of progress , but , on the contrary , to reactivate them again as dynamic hubs from the
rediscovery of values and functions intrinsic to its historical dimension and nature , based on a
logic substantially renewal and reinterpretation.
Genoa is a fantastic laboratory for the identification of strategies and actions to trace new
developments futuristic responding to today's active logical sustainability, progress and
interconnecting local and global.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Logica"
1
Lutz, Carsten. TheComplexity of Reasoning with Concrete Domains (Revised Version). Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.88.
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Description logics are knowledge representation and reasoning formalisms which represent conceptual knowledge on an abstract logical level. Concrete domains are a theoretically well-founded approach to the integration of description logic reasoning with reasoning about concrete objects such as numbers, time intervals or spatial regions. In this paper, the complexity of combined reasoning with description logcis and on concrete domains is investigated. We extend ALC(D), which is the basic description logic for reasoning with concrete domains, by the operators 'feature agreement' and 'feature disagreement'. For the extended logic,called ALCF(D), an algorithm for deciding the ABox consistency problem is devised. The strategy employed by this algorithm is vital for the efficient implementation of reasoners for description logics incorporating concrete domains. Based on the algorithm, it is proved that the standard reasoning problems for both logics ALC(D) and ALCF(D) are PSpace-complete - provided that the satisfiability test of the concrete domain used is in PSpace.
2
Borgwardt, Stefan, Marco Cerami und Rafael Peñaloza. Subsumption in Finitely Valued Fuzzy EL. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.212.
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Aus der Einleitung: Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms that are successfully applied in many application domains. They provide the logical foundation for the Direct Semantics of the standard web ontology language OWL2. The light-weight DL EL, underlying the OWL2 EL profile, is of particular interest since all common reasoning problems are polynomial in this logic, and it is used in many prominent biomedical ontologies like SNOMEDCT and the Gene Ontology.
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Lutz, Carsten, und Ulrike Sattler. The Complexity of Reasoning with Boolean Modal Logics (Extended Version). Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.105.
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Since Modal Logics are an extension of Propositional Logic, they provide Boolean operators for constructing complex formulae. However, most Modal Logics do not admit Boolean operators for constructing complex modal parameters to be used in the box and diamond operators. This asymmetry is not present in Boolean Modal Logics, in which box and diamond quantify over arbitrary Boolean combinations of atomic model parameters.
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Obua, Steven. Abstraction Logic. Recursive Mind, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47757/abstraction.logic.2.
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Abstraction Logic is introduced as a foundation for Practical Types and Practal. It combines the simplicity of first-order logic with direct support for variable binding constants called abstractions. It also allows free variables to depend on parameters, which means that first-order axiom schemata can be encoded as simple axioms. Conceptually abstraction logic is situated between first-order logic and second-order logic. It is sound with respect to an intuitive and simple algebraic semantics. Completeness holds for both intuitionistic and classical abstraction logic, and all abstraction logics in between and beyond.
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Lutz, Carsten, und Frank Wolter. Modal Logics of Topological Relations. Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.142.
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The eight topological RCC8(or Egenhofer-Franzosa)- relations between spatial regions play a fundamental role in spatial reasoning, spatial and constraint databases, and geographical information systems. In analogy with Halpern and Shoham’s modal logic of time intervals based on the Allen relations, we introduce a family of modal logics equipped with eight modal operators that are interpreted by the RCC8-relations. The semantics is based on region spaces induced by standard topological spaces, in particular the real plane. We investigate the expressive power and computational complexity of the logics obtained in this way. It turns our that, similar to Halpern and Shoham’s logic, the expressive power is rather natural, but the computational behavior is problematic: topological modal logics are usually undecidable and often not even recursively enumerable. This even holds if we restrict ourselves to classes of finite region spaces or to substructures of region spaces induced by topological spaces. We also analyze modal logics based on the set of RCC5relations, with similar results.
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Lutz, Carsten. NExpTime-complete Description Logics with Concrete Domains. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.104.
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Aus der Einleitung: Description logics (DLs) are a family of logical formalisms well-suited for the representation of and reasoning about conceptual knowledge on an abstract logical level. However, for many knowledge representation applications, it is essential to integrate the abstract logical knowledge with knowledge of a more concrete nature. As an example, consider the modeling of manufacturing processes, where it is necessary to represent 'abstract' entities like subprocesses and workpieces and also 'concrete' knowledge, e.g., about the duration of processes and physical dimensions of the manufactured objects [2; 25].
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Hirsch, Colin, und Stephan Tobies. A Tableau Algorithm for the Clique Guarded Fragment. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.106.
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Aus der Einleitung: The Guarded Fragment of first-order logic, introduced by Andréka, van Benthem, and Németi, has been a succesful attempt to transfer many good properties of modal, temporal, and description logics to a larger fragment of predicate logic. Among these are decidability, the finite modal property, invariance under an appropriate variant of bisimulation, and other nice modal theoretic properties.
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Marcel Lippmann und Veronika Thost. Reasoning with Temporal Properties over Axioms of DL-Lite. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.208.
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Recently, a lot of research has combined description logics (DLs) of the DL-Lite family with temporal formalisms. Such logics are proposed to be used for situation recognition and temporalized ontology-based data access. In this report, we consider DL-Lite-LTL, in which axioms formulated in a member of the DL-Lite family are combined using the operators of propositional linear-time temporal logic (LTL). We consider the satisfiability problem of this logic in the presence of so-called rigid symbols whose interpretation does not change over time. In contrast to more expressive temporalized DLs, the computational complexity of this problem is the same as for LTL, even w.r.t. rigid symbols.
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Felix Distel und Rafael Peñaloza. Gödel Description Logics: Decidability in the Absence of the Finitely-Valued Model Property. Technische Universität Dresden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.199.
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In the last few years there has been a large effort for analysing the computational properties of reasoning in fuzzy Description Logics. This has led to a number of papers studying the complexity of these logics, depending on their chosen semantics. Surprisingly, despite being arguably the simplest form of fuzzy semantics, not much is known about the complexity of reasoning in fuzzy DLs w.r.t. witnessed models over the Gödel t-norm. We show that in the logic G-IALC, reasoning cannot be restricted to finitely valued models in general. Despite this negative result, we also show that all the standard reasoning problems can be solved in this logic in exponential time, matching the complexity of reasoning in classical ALC.
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Brandt, Sebastian, Ralf Küsters und Anni-Yasmin Turhan. Approximation and Difference in Description Logics. Aachen University of Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.116.
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Approximation is a new inference service in Description Logics first mentioned by Baader, Küsters, and Molitor. Approximating a concept, defined in one Description Logic, means to translate this concept to another concept, defined in a second typically less expressive Description Logic, such that both concepts are as closely related as possible with respect to subsumption. The present paper provides the first in-depth investigation of this inference task. We prove that approximations from the Description Logic ALC to ALE always exist and propose an algorithm computing them. As a measure for the accuracy of the approximation, we introduce a syntax-oriented difference operator, which yields a concept description that contains all aspects of the approximated concept that are not present in the approximation. It is also argued that a purely semantical difference operator, as introduced by Teege, is less suited for this purpose. Finally, for the logics under consideration, we propose an algorithm computing the difference.