Thematische Bibliographien / Mean square displacement

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Mean square displacement“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 21. Februar 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Mean square displacement"

Ebeling. „Nonlinear Brownian motion - mean square displacement“. Condensed Matter Physics 7, Nr. 3 (2004): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.7.3.539.

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Rosen, Mary Ellen, Christopher P. Grant und J. C. Dallon. „Mean square displacement for a discrete centroid model of cell motion“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 12 (20.12.2021): e0261021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261021.

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The mean square displacement (MSD) is an important statistical measure on a stochastic process or a trajectory. In this paper we find an approximation to the mean square displacement for a model of cell motion. The model is a discrete-time jump process which approximates a force-based model for cell motion. In cell motion, the mean square displacement not only gives a measure of overall drift, but it is also an indicator of mode of transport. The key to finding the approximation is to find the mean square displacement for a subset of the state space and use it as an approximation for the entire state space. We give some intuition as to why this is an unexpectedly good approximation. A lower bound and upper bound for the mean square displacement are also given. We show that, although the upper bound is far from the computed mean square displacement, in rare cases the large displacements are approached.

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Hou, Ji-Xuan. „Determine Mesh Size through Monomer Mean-Square Displacement“. Polymers 11, Nr. 9 (27.08.2019): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091405.

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A dynamic method to determine the main parameter of the tube theory through monomer mean-square displacement is discussed in this paper. The tube step length can be measured from the intersection of the slope- 1 2 line and the slope- 1 4 line in log-log plot, and the tube diameter can be obtained by recording the time at which g 1 data start to leave the slope- 1 2 regime. According to recent simulation data, the ratio of the tube step length to the tube diameter was found to be about 2 for different entangled polymer systems. Since measuring the tube diameter does not require g 1 data to reach the slope- 1 4 regime, this could be the best way to find the entanglement length from microscopic consideration.

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Börgers, Christoph, und Claude Greengard. „On the Mean Square Displacement in Lévy Walks“. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 80, Nr. 3 (Januar 2020): 1175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/19m1251813.

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Kim, Eun-jin. „Mean square displacement in small-scale nonlinear dynamos“. Physics of Plasmas 7, Nr. 5 (Mai 2000): 1746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873994.

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Guimarães, Renato Ribeiro, Denner Serafim Vieira, Thiago Petrucci, Hatsumi Mukai, Paulo Ricardo Garcia Fernandes und Renio dos Santos Mendes. „Electrical conductivity and an approximate mean square displacement“. Indian Journal of Physics 93, Nr. 11 (12.03.2019): 1437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-019-01414-w.

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Hahn, K., und J. Karger. „Propagator and mean-square displacement in single-file systems“. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 28, Nr. 11 (07.06.1995): 3061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/28/11/010.

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Schrøder, Thomas B., und Jeppe C. Dyre. „Solid-like mean-square displacement in glass-forming liquids“. Journal of Chemical Physics 152, Nr. 14 (14.04.2020): 141101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004093.

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Shukla, R. C. „Atomic mean-square displacement in fcc metals: Repulsive potentials“. Philosophical Magazine Letters 73, Nr. 2 (Februar 1996): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095008396181028.

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Hou, Ji-Xuan. „Note: Determine entanglement length through monomer mean-square displacement“. Journal of Chemical Physics 146, Nr. 2 (14.01.2017): 026101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973871.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Mean square displacement"

Monnier, Nilah. „Bayesian Inference Approaches for Particle Trajectory Analysis in Cell Biology“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11020.

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Despite the importance of single particle motion in biological systems, systematic inference approaches to analyze particle trajectories and evaluate competing motion models are lacking. An automated approach for robust evaluation of motion models that does not require manual intervention is highly desirable to enable analysis of datasets from high-throughput imaging technologies that contain hundreds or thousands of trajectories of biological particles, such as membrane receptors, vesicles, chromosomes or kinetochores, mRNA particles, or whole cells in developing embryos. Bayesian inference is a general theoretical framework for performing such model comparisons that has proven successful in handling noise and experimental limitations in other biological applications. The inherent Bayesian penalty on model complexity, which avoids overfitting, is particularly important for particle trajectory analysis given the highly stochastic nature of particle diffusion. This thesis presents two complementary approaches for analyzing particle motion using Bayesian inference. The first method, MSD-Bayes, discriminates a wide range of motion models--including diffusion, directed motion, anomalous and confined diffusion--based on mean- square displacement analysis of a set of particle trajectories, while the second method, HMM-Bayes, identifies dynamic switching between diffusive and directed motion along individual trajectories using hidden Markov models. These approaches are validated on biological particle trajectory datasets from a wide range of experimental systems, demonstrating their broad applicability to research in cell biology.

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Foo, Jong Teck. „Selection of controller gains for an electromagnetic suspension system“. Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175287253.

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Rosen, Mary Ellen Furner. „Mean Square Displacement for a Discrete Centroid Model of Cell Motion and a Mathematical Analysis of Focal Adhesion Lifetimes and Their Effect on Cell Motility“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8780.

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One of the characteristics that distinguishes living things from non-living things is motility. On the cellular level, the motility or non-motility of different types of cells can be life building, life-saving or life-threatening. A thorough study of cell motion is needed to help understand the underlying mechanisms that enhance or prohibit cell motion. We introduce a discrete centroid model of cell motion in the context of a generalized random walk. We find an approximation for the theoretical mean square displacement (MSD) that uses a subset of the state space to estimate the MSD for the entire space. We give some intuition as to why this is an unexpectedly good estimate. A lower and upper bound for the MSD is also given. We extend the centroid model to an ODE model and use it to analyze the distribution of focal adhesion (FA) lifetimes gathered from experimental data. We found that in all but one case a unimodal, non-symmetric gamma distribution is a good match for the experimental data. We use a detach-rate function in the ODE model to determine how long a FA will persist before it detaches. A detach-rate function that is dependent on both force and time produces distributions with a best fit gamma curve that closely matches the data. Using the data gathered from the matching simulations, we calculate both the cell speed and mean FA lifetime and compare them. Where available, we also compare this relationship to that of the experimental data and find that the simulation reasonably matches it in most cases. In both the simulations and experimental data, the cell speed and mean FA lifetime are related, with longer mean lifetimes being indicative of slower speeds. We suspect that one of the main predictors of cell speed for migrating cells is the distribution of the FA lifetimes.

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Downs, Robert T. „A study of the mean-square displacement amplitudes of T and O atoms in framework silicates and aluminosilicates: evidence for rigid TO bonds, order, disorder, twinning and stacking faults in crystals“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45947.

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The mean-square displacement amplitudes (MSDA) of the tetrahedral cations Si and Al are compared to the MSDA of their coordinated O atoms in framework silica polymorphs and aluminosilicate structures. Criteria are established which indicate order, structural disorder or substitutional disorder in a framework crystal.

Master of Science

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Bull, James. „Application of Quantum Mechanics to Fundamental Interactions in Chemical Physics: Studies of Atom-Molecule and Ion-Molecule Interactions Under Single-Collision Conditions: Crossed Molecular Beams; Single-Crystal Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Microscopic Tensor Properties of ⁵⁷Fe Sites in Inorganic Ferrous High-Spin Compounds“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4292.

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As part of this project and in preparation for future experimental studies of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, extensive modification and characterization of the crossed molecular beam machine in the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury has been carried out. This instrument has been configured and some preliminary testing completed to enable the future study of gas-phase ion-molecule collisions of H⁺₃ and Y⁻ (Y = F, Cl, Br) with dipole-oriented CZ₃X (Z = H, F and X = F, Cl, Br). Theoretical calculations (ab initio and density functional theory) are reported on previously experimentally characterized Na + CH₃NO₂, Na + CH₃NC, and K + CH₃NC systems, and several other systems of relevance. All gas-phase experimental and theoretical studies have the common theme of studying collision orientation dependence of reaction under singlecollision conditions. Experimental measurements, theoretical simulations and calculations are also reported on some selected ferrous (Fe²⁺) high-spin (S=2) crystals, in an attempt to resolve microscopic contributions of two fundamental macroscopic tensor properties: the electric-field gradient (efg); and the mean square displacement (msd) in the case when more than one symmetry related site of low local point-group symmetry contributes to the same quadrupole doublet. These determinations have been made using the nuclear spectroscopic technique of Mössbauer spectroscopy, and complemented with X-ray crystallographic measurements.

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Prehl, geb Balg Janett. „Diffusion on Fractals“. Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200701033.

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We study anomalous diffusion on fractals with a static external field applied. We utilise the master equation to calculate particle distributions and from that important quantities as for example the mean square displacement . Applying different bias amplitudes on several regular Sierpinski carpets we obtain maximal drift velocities for weak field strengths. According to ~t^(2/d_w), we determine random walk dimensions of d_w<2 for applied external fields. These d_w corresponds to superdiffusion, although diffusion is hindered by the structure of the carpet, containing dangling ends. This seems to result from two competing effects arising within an external field. Though the particles prefer to move along the biased direction, some particles get trapped by dangling ends. To escape from there they have to move against the field direction. Due to the by the bias accelerated particles and the trapped ones the probability distribution gets wider and thus d_w<2
In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir anomale Diffusion auf Fraktalen unter Einwirkung eines statisches äußeres Feldes. Wir benutzen die Mastergleichung, um die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der Teilchen zu berechnen, um daraus wichtige Größen wie das mittlere Abstandsquadrat zu bestimmen. Wir wenden unterschiedliche Feldstärken bei verschiedenen regelmäßigen Sierpinski-Teppichen an und erhalten maximale Driftgeschwindigkeiten für schwache Feldstärken. Über ~t^{2/d_w} bestimmen wir die Random-Walk-Dimension d_w als d_w<2. Dieser Wert für d_w entspricht der Superdiffusion, obwohl der Diffusionsprozess durch Strukturen des Teppichs, wie Sackgassen, behindert wird. Es schient, dass dies das Ergebnis zweier konkurrierender Effekte ist, die durch das Anlegen eines äußeren Feldes entstehen. Einerseits bewegen sich die Teilchen bevorzugt entlang der Feldrichtung. Andererseits gelangen einige Teilchen in Sackgassen. Um die Sackgassen, die in Feldrichtung liegen, zu verlassen, müssen sich die Teilchen entgegen der Feldrichtung bewegen. Somit sind die Teilchen eine gewisse Zeit in der Sackgasse gefangen. Infolge der durch das äußere Feld beschleunigten und der gefangenen Teilchen, verbreitert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung der Teilchen und somit ist d_w<2

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Cardoch, Sebastian. „Studying Atomic Vibrations by Transmission Electron Microscopy“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305370.

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We employ the empirical potential function Airebo to computationally model free-standing Carbon-12 graphene in a classical setting. Our objective is to measure the mean square displacement (MSD) of atoms in the system for different average temperatures and Carbon-13 isotope concentrations. From results of the MSD we aim to develop a technique that employs Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), using high-angle annular dark filed (HAADF) detection, to obtain atomic-resolution images. From the thermally diffusive images, produced by the vibrations of atoms, we intent to resolve isotopes types in graphene. For this, we establish a relationship between the full width half maximum (FWHM) of real-space intensity images and MSD for temperature and isotope concentration changes. For the case of changes in the temperature of the system, simulation results show a linear relationship between the MSD as a function of increased temperature in the system, with a slope of 7.858×10-6 Å2/K. We also note a power dependency for the MSD in units of [Å2] with respect to the FWHM in units of [Å] given by FWHM(MSD)=0.20MSD0.53+0.67. For the case of increasing isotope concentration, no statistically significant changes to the MSD of 12C and 13C are noted for graphene systems with 2,000 atoms or more. We note that for the experimental replication of results, noticeable differences in the MSD for systems with approximately 320,000 atoms must be observable. For this, we conclude that isotopes in free-standing graphene cannot be distinguished using TEM.

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Caginalp, Paul Aydin. „Mean square displacements as an alternative to simulating fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments“. Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Zerrari, Naoual. „Caractérisation des tissus biologiques mous par diffusion multiple de la lumière“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10052/document.

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La diffusion multiple de la lumière(DWS) est une technique qui permet de sonder la dynamique interne de milieux opaques et concentrés à des fréquences élevées. Elle a été utilisée pour déterminer les propriétés viscoélastiques de ces milieux. Elle a l'avantage d'être non destructive, rapide et sensible. Ce travail a pour objectif l'étude des tissus biologiques mous par DWS. La première étape est la mise en place du dispositif expérimental. Afin d'évaluer les limites de la technique, des études successives ont été réalisées sur des matériaux de complexité croissante (une suspension, le lait et une mousse) tendant vers la complexité structurale des tissus biologiques. Pour la suspension et le lait, la théorie de DWS peut s'appliquer et permet de mesurer avec une bonne précision leur viscosité. Les limites de DWS pour évaluer la viscosité sont atteintes avec la mousse dont la structure complexe est proche de celle des tissus biologiques. Enfin, le cortex rénal, le parenchyme hépatique et le cerveau de porc ont été étudiés. La théorie appliquée pour les milieux précédents ne permet pas de remonter à leur viscosité. Mais la DWS a permis de suivre leur microstructure au cours de la déshydratation et de la dégénérescence. Pour tous ces milieux la répétabilité, la reproductibilité, la variabilité et l'effet des conditions expérimentales ont été évalués. La DWS pourrait être utilisée pour étudier l'effet de la température et de la congélation sur le spectre de DWS des tissus biologiques ou combinée à la rhéologie pour suivre l'évolution des spectres de DWS au cours d'un cisaillement
Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) is a technique that allows to probe the internal dynamics of opaque media and concentrated at high frequencies. It has been used to determine the viscoelastic properties of these media. It has the advantage of being nondestructive, rapid and sensitive. This work aims to study soft biological materials by DWS. The first step is setting up of the experimental device. To evaluate the limits of the art, successive studies were conducted on materials of increasing complexity (a suspension, milk and a foam) tending to the structural complexity of biological tissues. Concerning the suspension and milk, two concentrated media, and mono-dispersed in which the particles are in Brownian motion, DWS allowed to measure with good precision their viscosity. The limits of DWS to evaluate the viscosity of the medium are achieved with the foam which the complex structure is similar to that of soft biological tissues. Finally, the renal cortex, the hepatic parenchyma and porcine brain were studied. The theory applied to previous media does not allow to calculate viscosity. But the DWS allowed us to follow their microstructure during dehydration and degeneration. For all these media, repeatability, reproducibility, variability and effect of experimental conditions were evaluated. The DWS could be used to study the effect of temperature and freezing on the DWS spectrum of biological tissues, or combined with rheology to monitor the evolution spectra DWS during shear

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Dohy, Didier. „Contribution à l'étude de la structure statique et dynamique des aluminés béta et de composés apparentés“. Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132025.

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Interprétation de données vibrationnelles obtenues sur les aluminés béta par des calculs de champ de force. Calcul des déplacements quadratiques moyens dans les aluminés béta. Les mécanismes de conduction ont été utilisés par diffusion quasi élastique de neutrons et calorimétrie adiabatique. Le calcul des intensités raman sur un cristal de ga::(2)o::(3) est en bon accord avec l'experience

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Bücher zum Thema "Mean square displacement"

Furst, Eric M., und Todd M. Squires. Multiple particle tracking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0004.

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The fundamentals and best practices of multiple particle tracking microrheology are discussed, including methods for producing video microscopy data, analyzing data to obtain mean-squared displacements and displacement correlations, and, critically, the accuracy and errors (static and dynamic) associated with particle tracking. Applications presented include two-point microrheology, methods for characterizing heterogeneous material rheology, and shell models of local (non-continuum) heterogeneity. Particle tracking has a long history. The earliest descriptions of Brownian motion relied on precise observations, and later quantitative measurements, using light microscopy.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Mean square displacement"

Strauch, D. „Si: mean square displacement“. In New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, 652. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_363.

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Hönerlage, B. „γ-CuI: mean square displacement“. In New Data and Updates for III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, 370. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92140-0_273.

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Makahane, Rendani Vele, und Abdon Atangana. „New Model of the Saturated–Unsaturated Groundwater Flow with Power Law and Scale-Invariant Mean Square Displacement“. In Mathematical Analysis of Groundwater Flow Models, 17–36. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003266266-2.

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Makahane, Rendani Vele, und Abdon Atangana. „New Model of the 1-d Unsaturated–Saturated Groundwater Flow with Crossover from Usual to Confined Flow Mean Square Displacement“. In Mathematical Analysis of Groundwater Flow Models, 37–48. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003266266-3.

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Hönerlage, B. „CuCl: mean square relative displacements“. In New Data and Updates for III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, 338. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92140-0_251.

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Hönerlage, B. „AgBr: mean square relative displacements“. In New Data and Updates for III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, 7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92140-0_7.

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Makahane, Rendani Vele, und Abdon Atangana. „A New Model of the 1-d Unsaturated–Saturated Groundwater Flow with Crossover from Usual to Sub-Flow Mean Square Displacement“. In Mathematical Analysis of Groundwater Flow Models, 49–63. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003266266-4.

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Hönerlage, B. „γ-CuBr: mean square relative displacements“. In New Data and Updates for III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, 258. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92140-0_193.

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Hönerlage, B. „β-AgI: mean square relative displacements“. In New Data and Updates for III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, 40–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92140-0_34.

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Hönerlage, B. „CuCl, gamma modification: Debye-Waller factors, mean square displacements“. In New Data and Updates for I-VII, III-V, III-VI and IV-VI Compounds, 137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48529-2_42.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Mean square displacement"

Esmailzadeh, Mitra, und Aouni A. Lakis. „Turbulence-Induced Vibration Analysis of an Open Curved Thin Shell“. In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30383.

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A method is presented to predict the root mean square displacement response of an open curved thin shell structure subjected to a turbulent boundary-layer-induced random pressure field. The basic formulation of the dynamic problem is an efficient approach combining classic thin shell theory and the finite element method. The displacement functions are derived from Sanders’ thin shell theory. A numerical approach is proposed to obtain the total root mean square displacements of the structure in terms of the cross-spectral density of random pressure fields. The cross-spectral density of pressure fluctuations in the turbulent pressure field is described using the Corcos formulation. Exact integrations over surface and frequency lead to an expression for the total root mean square displacement response in terms of the characteristics of the structure and flow. An in-house program based on the presented method was developed. The total root mean square displacements of a curved thin blade subjected to turbulent boundary layers were calculated and illustrated as a function of free stream velocity and damping ratio. A numerical implementation for the vibration of a cylinder excited by fully developed turbulent boundary layer flow was presented. The results compared favorably with those obtained using software developed by Lakis et al.

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Tsukushi, I., T. Kanaya und K. Kaji. „Dynamical heterogeneity of glass-forming polymers: non-Gaussian behavior. A study on distribution of mean square displacement“. In The 8th tohwa university international symposium on slow dynamics in complex systems. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58523.

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Aoki, Shigeru. „Seismic Control of Structure Using Energy Absorption by Elasto-Plastic Hysteresis Loop Characteristics“. In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93090.

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Reduction of seismic response is one of the most important problems of aseismic design of the structures. When the structures are subjected to excess seismic load, force-displacement relation has hysteresis loop characteristic. In this paper, seismic control of structure using energy absorption by elasto-plastic characteristic is examined by analytical method. As elasto-plastic characteristic, bilinear hysteresis loop is used. The equation of motion is equivalently linearized. The maximum value of the mean square value and absorbed energy are obtained for some values of the damping ratio, the natural period, the yield displacement and the stiffness ratio. It is found that the maximum value of the mean square value of the response decreases with the decrease of the yield displacement and the stiffness ratio. It is also found that the maximum value of the mean square value decreases with the increase of absorbed energy. The proposed method is applied to the secondary system and the same results are obtained.

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Aoki, Shigeru. „Simplified Calculation Method of Seismic Response Energy of Mechanical System“. In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1410.

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When the mechanical systems are subjected to seismic excitation, the responses are nonstationary random process, since seismic excitation has nonstationary characteristics. Mean square response is a representative value of the statistical properties of the response. Seismic response energy which is integral of mean square response is used to evaluate absorbed energy and cumulative damage of mechanical system. Theoretical method for obtaining nonstationary mean square response of the secondary system is very complicated and time consuming. Thus, some approximate methods are sometimes used. In this paper, an approximate method for calculation method of seismic response energy using statistical properties of stationary response is proposed. As input excitation, nonstationary white noise is used. The input is defined by product of stationary white noise and envelope function. Mean square response of absolute acceleration of the mechanical system, relative velocity of the mechanical system to the ground and relative displacement are obtained. Some numerical results are shown. It is found that the proposed method gives exact values of seismic response energy independent of the damping ratio, mass ratio and the natural period.

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Chatterjee, Pranesh, und Biswajit Basu. „Non-Stationary Response of Non-Linear SDOF Systems by Perturbation of Wavelet Coefficients“. In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21007.

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Abstract A wavelet based random vibration theory has been developed for the non-stationary seismic response of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems with cubic type non-linearity in the spring force. The ground motion process has been characterized by statistical functionals of wavelet coefficients. The wavelet transformed coefficient of the displacement response of the oscillator has been perturbed to obtain a series of wavelet domain algebraic equations. The stochastic response of the system has been obtained by using these sets of wavelet domain equations. The root mean square (r.m.s.) displacement response has been obtained in terms of the functionals of the input wavelet coefficients. Parametric variations are carried out to observe the effects of variation of the magnitudes of non-linear spring stiffness on the temporal variation of instantaneous r.m.s. values of oscillator displacements.

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Xiong, Liuyang, Lihua Tang, Kefu Liu und Brian R. Mace. „On the Use of Piezoelectric Nonlinear Energy Sink for Vibration Isolation and Energy Harvesting“. In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-7968.

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Nonlinear energy sink (NES) is employed to passively reduce vibration transmission in this study. A two-degree-of-freedom system, comprising a primary structure coupled with a grounded piezoelectric NES possessing essential nonlinearity, is investigated for both harmonic force excitation and base excitation. The piezoelectric NES acts as not only a vibration isolator but also an energy harvester when connected to an alternating current circuit. Approximate analysis is carried out by the harmonic balance method and validated by numerical solutions using ODE45 in Matlab and equivalent circuit simulation. The effectiveness of the nonlinear vibration isolation system is evaluated by the force (displacement) transmissibility defined as the root-mean-square ratio of transmitted force (displacement) to the excitation force (displacement), which is compared with that of its linear counterparts. Output voltage of the piezoelectric transducer is also derived. By and large, it is found that the piezoelectric NES could reduce the force (displacement) transmissibility while collecting electric energy efficiently in a relatively broad frequency range.

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Beaini, Sara, und Van P. Carey. „Heat Transfer for Annular Flow in Microchannel Bends: A Free Energy Minimization Model for Square Channels“. In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43578.

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For annular liquid-vapor two-phase flow in straight microchannels, effects of gravity are generally small compared to viscous and/or inertia forces. In serpentine evaporator or condenser passages with semicircular return bends, the bend radius may be so small that large centrifugal body forces are generated as the fluid flows through the bend region of the passage. This paper summarizes a model analysis based on the premise that flow morphology in the bend is dictated by radial acceleration forces and the thermodynamic Second Law requirement that the established two-phase flow morphology minimizes the free energy at the local temperature and pressure. An analytical model is derived relating the dependence of the free energy on vapor core geometry, and the geometry that minimizes free energy is determined numerically. This provides a prediction of the mean thickness of the liquid surrounding the vapor core, and the mean heat transfer coefficient for annular flow vaporization or condensation, as a function of flow parameters and physical properties. When this relation is cast in dimensionless form, the effect of centrifugal acceleration is quantified in terms of a Weber number (We) that represents the ratio of centrifugal body force to surface tension force. The analysis indicates that centrifugal acceleration acts to displace the vapor towards the inside of the curved passage and distort the liquid-vapor interface. Displacement occurs at any level of acceleration. Significant distortion is found to occur only for We > 1. The effects of these morphology changes on heat transfer are analyzed and the implications of these predictions for designing microchannel evaporators and condensers are explored.

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Matsumoto, A., T. Ito, M. Motozawa, H. Kawashima, H. Ando, T. Senda und Y. Kawaguchi. „Experimental Analysis of Non-Uniform Surface Roughness Affecting to Flow Resistance“. In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31038.

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Experimental investigation on non-uniform surface roughness affecting to flow resistance has been carried out. Experiment was performed with the concentric cylinder device. In this experiment, we evaluated non-uniform surface roughness of various surface by the optical method and measured friction coefficient in turbulent flow over each surface roughness. As an evaluation of non-uniform surface roughness, we measured surface roughness profiles of each surface by a laser displacement sensor. Based on this surface roughness profiles, we calculated some roughness parameters such as the root mean square roughness. One important result indicates the relationship between friction coefficient and roughness Reynolds number. The friction coefficient increases logarithmically with increasing roughness Reynolds number. Moreover, to discuss the effect of non-uniform roughness in detail, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the roughness height and the spectrum of the surface roughness profiles were analyzed. As a result, the frictional drag over the rough surface can be mostly evaluated by the roughness Reynolds number which is defined by the root mean square roughness when the probability density distribution of the surface roughness profile has Gaussian distribution. However, if the probability density distribution does not have Gaussian distribution, kurtosis and skewness of surface roughness profile are also important parameter for the evaluation of the surface roughness.

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Chen, Jun, und Joseph Katz. „A Correlation Mapping Method to Eliminate the Peak-Locking Effect in PIV Analysis“. In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56400.

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“Peak-locking” causes deterministic mean measurement bias in most of the existing cross-correlation based algorithms for PIV data analysis. This phenomenon is inherent to the typical smooth curve-fitting through discrete correlation values which are used to obtain the sub-pixel accuracy in velocity. In this paper we introduce a new algorithm/method for obtaining the sub-pixel accuracy, which eliminates the peak-locking effect. We refer to this procedure as “correlation mapping method”. In an ideal case, the second exposure (image 2) in a PIV measurement can be regarded as a mapping of the first exposure (image 1) where the mapping rules are affected by displacement, deformation, out of plane motion, etc. The correlation mapping method is based on shifting of image 1 by certain sub-pixel value, thus generating a virtual image (2′), whose gray level can be expressed in terms of the original image and the sub-pixel displacement. Thus, the correlation map of images 1 and 2′ is also a function of the intensity distribution in image 1 and the displacement. This correlation map is matched with the measured correlation map of images 1 and 2, providing a system of equations, one for discrete point in the correlation map with the sub-pixel values as unknowns. Solving these equations for each point in the vicinity of the correlation peak generates a series of sub-pixel displacements. Least square fitting is then used to determine the sub-pixel displacement with minimal difference between the real and virtual correlation values. This method is applied to several experimental and synthetic flow image pairs. In most cases the results show substantial improvements in sub-pixel accuracy in comparison to other algorithms and it eliminates the peak locking bias.

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Fawazi, Noor, Ji-Hyun Yoon, Jae-Eung Oh und Jung-Youn Lee. „Geometric Design of a Slotted Disc Spring for a Prescribed Load-Displacement Function“. In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38108.

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Geometric parameter design is an important stage in any product design. For example, by varying any of its geometric parameters, a slotted disc spring will show various defined nonlinear load-displacement behaviors. Therefore, these geometric parameters must be precisely designed to ensure the output spring design possesses a nonlinear load-displacement behavior that satisfies particular nonlinear criteria. More importantly, various engineering designs benefit from nonlinear behavior in order to meet certain engineering design requirements. Since each nonlinear spring application requires a unique load-displacement function, the spring geometric parameters must be precisely custom designed. However, there is no specific algorithm available to calculate such geometric design parameterization. The aim of this study is to propose a generalized algorithm for a slotted disc spring geometric design that ensures the output design exhibits identical load-displacement function with any prescribed one. A predicted geometric design algorithm for a slotted disc spring is proposed in this study. The design is characterized by a prescribed load-displacement function obtained from numerical model in the previous literature. The key feature of our proposed algorithm is that, the identified meeting point, which is defined from a prescribed function, can be used as a target point to match the predicted function with the prescribed function. Our proposed algorithm manipulates the slope characteristics of the established slotted disc spring numerical formulation to tune the predicted nonlinear function. This enables a geometric parameter design to be achieved. Improvements to the proposed geometric parameters were done by searching the best combination of optimum variables that produce minimum least mean square error between the prescribed and proposed nonlinear functions. The obtained numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to parameterize the geometric parameters for a slotted disc spring design.

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