Thematische Bibliographien / Micro visualisation / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Micro visualisation“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 19. Juli 2025

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Eilks, Ingo, Torsten Witteck, and Verena Pietzner. "The Role and Potential Dangers of Visualisation when Learning about Sub-Microscopic Explanations in Chemistry Education." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (2018): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.398.

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The core of theory-driven chemistry education consists of the constant shift between the different representational domains of chemical thinking: the macroscopic, the sub-microscopic, and the symbolic domains. Because the sub-microscopic domain can neither be seen nor directly visualised, it requires specific forms of visualisation, i.e. pictures andanimations illustrating the model-based level of discrete particles, atoms, or molecular structures. This paper considers the central role visualisations play when learning about the model-based, sub-microscopic level, but it also reflects the dangers inherent in employing insufficiently examined, poorly considered, or even misleading visualisations. This is outlined using different examples taken from both textbooks for lower secondary chemistry education (for students aged 10 to 15) and from the internet. Implications for structuring and using sub-micro visualisations in chemistry education are also given.

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Li, Wei, Shikai Liang, Wei Zhang, Xuelian Zhao, Huifang Zhang, and Xianli Lv. "Liquid embolic agent Fe3O4-EVOH for endovascular arteriovenous malformation embolisation: Preliminary evaluation in an in vivo swine rete mirabile model." Neuroradiology Journal 33, no. 4 (2020): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400920917130.

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Aim Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolisation is in peril after the ARUBA trial. Advancements that are needed to reduce procedural risk are better control and visualisation during micro-catheter injection of liquid embolic material. The injectability, radiographic visualisation, mechanical stability and biocompatibility of the embolic agent Fe3O4-EVOH was evaluated in an in vivo swine AVM model. Methods The swine AVM model is the rete mirabile (RM). Nine swine AVM models were embolised with the embolic agent Fe3O4-EVOH by using a 1.5 F micro-catheter. Procedure times, embolisation success (deﬁned as complete embolisation of the nidus), volume of embolic agent and histopathology were assessed. Results Six swine underwent embolisation of one side rete, and three underwent embolisation of both sides. We did not experience any technical complication during embolisation of each rete. The micro-catheter was easy to retrieve. Fluoroscopic visualisation of the Fe3O4-EVOH cast was adequate. The mean embolisation time for each RM was 7.5 minutes. The median volume of the embolic agent for each RM was 0.52 mL. At one, four and eight weeks following injection, microscopic and histological analysis demonstrated minimal inflammatory changes in the perivascular tissues and permanent occlusion of the embolised vasculature. Conclusion Fe3O4-EVOH embolic agent is an effective endovascular occlusion material, providing the initial in vivo characteristics of stability and biocompatibility.

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Hezel, Dominik C., Premkumar Elangovan, Sebastian Viehmann, Lauren Howard, Richard L. Abel, and Robin Armstrong. "Visualisation and quantification of CV chondrite petrography using micro-tomography." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 116 (September 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.015.

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Wisshak, Max, Jürgen Titschack, Wolf-Achim Kahl, and Peter Girod. "Classical and new bioerosion trace fossils in Cretaceous belemnite guards characterised via micro-CT." Fossil Record 20, no. 2 (2017): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-173-2017.

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Abstract. The ongoing technical revolution in non-destructive 3-D visualisation via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) finds a valuable application in the studies of bioerosion trace fossils, since their three-dimensional architecture is hidden within hard substrates. This technique, in concert with advanced segmentation algorithms, allows a detailed visualisation and targeted morphometric analyses even of those bioerosion traces that are otherwise inaccessible to the widely applied cast-embedding technique, because they either are filled with lithified sediment or cement or are preserved in inherently insoluble or silicified host substrates, or because they are established type material and should not be altered. In the present contribution selected examples of such cases are illustrated by reference to bioerosion trace fossils preserved in Late Cretaceous belemnite guards from the European Chalk Province. These case studies comprise an analysis of a diverse ichno-assemblage found associated with the lectotype of the microboring Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) in a belemnite from the upper Campanian to lower Maastrichtian chalk of Norfolk, England, and the description of two new bioerosion trace fossils with type specimens found in belemnite guards from the lower Campanian limestones of Höver, Germany. The latter are Lapispecus hastatus isp. n., a tubular and occasionally branched macroboring for which a sipunculan or a phoronid trace maker are discussed, and Entobia colaria isp. n., a camerate network formed by an excavating sponge that eroded diagnostic grated apertures at the locations of the presumed inhalant papillae or exhaling pores, adding to or replacing filtering devices that are otherwise made of tissue and spicules. As an added value to the non-destructive visualisation procedure, the processed X-ray micro-CT scans of the studied type material provide 3-D models that may now serve as digitypes that can be studied as digital facsimile without the necessity of consulting the actual type specimens.

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Karásek, Matěj, Mustafa Percin, Torbjørn Cunis, et al. "Accurate position control of a flapping-wing robot enabling free-flight flow visualisation in a wind tunnel." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11 (January 2019): 175682931983368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756829319833683.

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Flow visualisations are essential to better understand the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping wing flight. The issues inherent to animal experiments, such as poor controllability and unnatural flapping when tethered, can be avoided by using robotic flyers that promise for a more systematic and repeatable methodology. Here, we present a new flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV)-specific control approach that, by employing an external motion tracking system, achieved autonomous wind tunnel flight with a maximum root-mean-square position error of 28 mm at low speeds (0.8–1.2 m/s) and 75 mm at high speeds (2–2.4 m/s). This allowed the first free-flight flow visualisation experiments to be conducted with an FWMAV. Time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional flow patterns of the FWMAV wake. A good qualitative match was found in comparison to a tethered configuration at similar conditions, suggesting that the obtained free-flight measurements are reliable and meaningful.

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Keklikoglou, Kleoniki, Sarah Faulwetter, Eva Chatzinikolaou, et al. "Micro-CTvlab: A web based virtual gallery of biological specimens using X-ray microtomography (micro-CT)." Biodiversity Data Journal 4 (November 1, 2016): e8740. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8740.

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During recent years, X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) has seen an increasing use in biological research areas, such as functional morphology, taxonomy, evolutionary biology and developmental research. Micro-CT is a technology which uses X-rays to create sub-micron resolution images of external and internal features of specimens. These images can then be rendered in a three-dimensional space and used for qualitative and quantitative 3D analyses. However, the online exploration and dissemination of micro-CT datasets are rarely made available to the public due to their large size and a lack of dedicated online platforms for the interactive manipulation of 3D data. Here, the development of a virtual micro-CT laboratory (Micro-CTvlab) is described, which can be used by everyone who is interested in digitisation methods and biological collections and aims at making the micro-CT data exploration of natural history specimens freely available over the internet. The Micro-CTvlab offers to the user virtual image galleries of various taxa which can be displayed and downloaded through a web application. With a few clicks, accurate, detailed and three-dimensional models of species can be studied and virtually dissected without destroying the actual specimen. The data and functions of the Micro-CTvlab can be accessed either on a normal computer or through a dedicated version for mobile devices.

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Khan, Mohammad, and Lian Loke. "LOCATIVE MEDIA INTERVENTIONISM – A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR CRITICAL REVIEW OF AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN THE PARTICIPATORY SPATIAL DESIGN CONTEXT." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 1 (2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i1.1140.

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This paper offers an analytical framework for a critical review of augmented reality visualisations in the domain of participatory spatial design in general and Participatory Architecture in particular. By offering this framework the paper aims to respond to the concern in published discourse that augmented reality visualisations are insufficient on their own to accomplish participation’s ultimate objective of social inclusion. To derive this framework the paper turns to augmented reality itself, that is, the realm of locative media practice as a whole. Illustrative examples have been reviewed to identify an overarching commonality of purpose, namely proactive spatial intervention for social inclusion. This common underpinning concept has been labelled as Locative Media Interventionism, or LMI. Finally, this compact framework has been used to evaluate augmented reality applications in participatory spatial design. A cursory evaluation of micro as well as macro scale examples indicates that the usage of this visualisation technology has yet to undergo the process of maturation that locative media in general has undergone. It has yet to evolve out from being a mere novelty to becoming a politically charged platform for delivering social inclusion

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Kogan, Mikhail, Igor Popov, Boris Mitrin, et al. "Visualisation of penile structures of laboratory rabbit: ultrasound, histology, and micro-CT." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 06016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021006016.

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Current imaging methods in pre-clinical and animal model studies of penile disease are limited because of the small penis of a rat – standard laboratory animal used in this type of research. Routine visualization methods of surface and inner structures of the penis used in clinical medicine are not suitable in experimental animal researches. The only method available for these purposes is histopathological analysis, which does not provide complex view on penile structures due to two-dimensional imaging per slide. In the pre study we evaluated and compared capability of ultrasound, histopathological and micro-computed tomography imaging methods to visualize anatomical structures of laboratory rabbit penis. Ultrasound provides limited imaging in comparison with other methods. However, it could be useful in assessment rough structural alterations of tunica albuginea and corpora cavernosa as a secondary and supportive method. Micro computed tomography provides nearly the same image quality as histopathological analysis. Moreover, it gives a complex view on the whole penile sample due to three-dimensional reconstruction. This fact gives reason to use this method as a basic one in the pre-clinical trials and animal model studies.

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Bribiesca-Contreras, Fernanda, and William I. Sellers. "Three-dimensional visualisation of the internal anatomy of the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) forelimb using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography." PeerJ 5 (March 15, 2017): e3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3039.

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BackgroundGross dissection is a widespread method for studying animal anatomy, despite being highly destructive and time-consuming. X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be a non-destructive alternative for studying anatomical structures. However, in the past it has been limited to only being able to visualise mineralised tissues. In recent years, morphologists have started to use traditional X-ray contrast agents to allow the visualisation of soft tissue elements in the CT context. The aim of this project is to assess the ability of contrast-enhanced micro-CT (μCT) to construct a three-dimensional (3D) model of the musculoskeletal system of the bird wing and to quantify muscle geometry and any systematic changes due to shrinkage. We expect that this reconstruction can be used as an anatomical guide to the sparrowhawk wing musculature and form the basis of further biomechanical analysis of flight.MethodsA 3% iodine-buffered formalin solution with a 25-day staining period was used to visualise the wing myology of the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus). μCT scans of the wing were taken over the staining period until full penetration of the forelimb musculature by iodine was reached. A 3D model was reconstructed by manually segmenting out the individual elements of the avian wing using 3D visualisation software.ResultsDifferent patterns of contrast were observed over the duration of the staining treatment with the best results occurring after 25 days of staining. Staining made it possible to visualise and identify different elements of the soft tissue of the wing. Finally, a 3D reconstruction of the musculoskeletal system of the sparrowhawk wing is presented and numerical data of muscle geometry is compared to values obtained by dissection.DiscussionContrast-enhanced μCT allows the visualisation and identification of the wing myology of birds, including the smaller muscles in the hand, and provides a non-destructive way for quantifying muscle volume with an accuracy of 96.2%. By combining contrast-enhanced μCT with 3D visualisation techniques, it is possible to study the individual muscles of the forelimb in their original position and 3D design, which can be the basis of further biomechanical analysis. Because the stain can be washed out post analysis, this technique provides a means of obtaining quantitative muscle data from museum specimens non-destructively.

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Chatzinikolaou, Eva, and Kleoniki Keklikoglou. "Micro-CT protocols for scanning and 3D analysis of Hexaplex trunculus during its different life stages." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (September 15, 2021): e71542. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e71542.

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Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a high-resolution 3D-imaging technique which is now increasingly applied in biological studies focusing on taxonomy and functional morphology. The creation of virtual representations of specimens can increase availability of otherwise underexploited and inaccessible samples. The 3D model dataset can be also further processed through volume rendering and morphometric analysis. The success of micro-CT as a visualisation technique depends on several methodological manipulations, including the use of contrast enhancing staining agents, filters, scanning mediums, containers, exposure time and frame averaging. The aim of this study was to standardise a series of micro-CT scanning and 3D analysis protocols for a marine gastropod species, Hexaplex trunculus. The analytical protocols have followed all the developmental stages of this gastropod, from egg capsules and embryos to juveniles and adults.

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Shearer, Tom, Robert S. Bradley, L. Araida Hidalgo-Bastida, Michael J. Sherratt, and Sarah H. Cartmell. "Three-dimensional visualisation of soft biological structures by X-ray computed micro-tomography." Journal of Cell Science 129, no. 13 (2016): 2483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.179077.

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Si-Mohamed, S., I. Aïchoun, I. Schuster, et al. "Visualisation du passage de micro-emboles cérébraux par ultrasonographie en mode B-Flow." Journal des Maladies Vasculaires 40, no. 3 (2015): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmv.2015.03.002.

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Szynkowska-Jóźwik, Małgorzata I., Elżbieta Maćkiewicz, Jacek Rogowski, et al. "Visualisation of Amphetamine Contamination in Fingerprints Using TOF-SIMS Technique." Materials 14, no. 21 (2021): 6243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216243.

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Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was applied to detect traces of amphetamine on fingerprints. In the present study, three different lift tapes and latent powder fingerprints were tested. The obtained results show that it is possible to identify traces of a drug as well as its distribution over the tested fingerprint after its transfer from the primary base onto an adhesive lifter (secondary base). Moreover, images obtained by the TOF-SIMS technique enable the observation of very small areas of the analysed fingerprint as well as the identification of micro-objects (residues of a contaminant) that were left on the fingerprint. The use of the black latent fingerprint powder did not interfere with the TOF-SIMS analysis, which makes it possible to effectively use this technique to study the traces of substances on the revealed fingerprints.

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Skorc, Gregor, Riko Safaric, David Lukman, Sirhiy Ivanovich Protsenko, and Simon Zapusek. "Interface Between Macro and Nano Worlds." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 6 (August 3, 2010): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v6i5.1381.

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This paper describes the design of a nanorobotic application which includes: nanorobotic arm, Akiyama sensor system, a vacuum chamber, and an interface tools for the nanorobotic hardware developed using C++ and VRML languages in order to create a desktop virtual-reality environment which improves visualisation and prevents collision of the nanomanipulator hardware with the associated workspace. The presented experiment shows how the used man-machine interface could be used for communication between macro and micro/nano worlds.

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Leszczyński, B., J. Skrzat, M. Kozerska, A. Wróbel, and J. Walocha. "Three dimensional visualisation and morphometry of bone samples studied in microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)." Folia Morphologica 73, no. 4 (2014): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/fm.2014.0064.

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Wang, Yuan, Khellil Sefiane, and Zhen Guo Wang. "Evaporating Meniscus of Ethanol and Ethanol-Based Nanofluids in Single Micro-Channels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.685.

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Evaporating meniscus of ethanol and ethanol-based nanofluids (0.01vol.%) in micro-channels were experimentally studied. Visualisation and thermographic results of the stationary meniscus confined in high-aspect-ratio rectangular micro-channels (hydraulic diameters are 571 μm, 727 μm and 1454 μm, channel cross sectional aspect ratio is 20, 20, 10 respectively) were obtained. It was found that interface evaporation rate increases with heat flux. The meniscus interface becomes deformed when the evaporation rate increases. The use of nanofluids largely enhances the interface stability even though the particle volume fraction is at a very low level. Besides, a stick-slip and back-jump behaviour of the nanofluids meniscus was captured during the transition from stable to deformed interface. Moreover, sink effect at the liquid-vapour interface was discussed based on the IR results.

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Sudhakar, S., A. Chandankumar, and L. Venkatakrishnan. "Influence of propeller slipstream on vortex flow field over a typical micro air vehicle." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1235 (2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2016.114.

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ABSTRACTAn experimental study has been carried out to explore the effect of propeller-induced slipstream on the vortex flow field on a fixed-wing Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Experiments were conducted at a freestream velocity of 10 m/s, corresponding to a Reynolds number based on a root chord of about 1.6 × 105. Surface flow topology on the surface of the MAV wing at propeller-off and propeller-on conditions was captured using surface oil flow visualisation at four angles of incidence. The mean off-body flow over the MAV was documented in the four spanwise planes at different chord position using Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) technique at angle-of-attack of 24° for both conditions. The oil flow visualisation showed minimal differences in flow patterns for propeller-off and propeller-on conditions at 10° and 15° incidence. The small asymmetry between port and starboard side observed at 20° during the propeller-off condition became significantly pronounced at 24°. The fuselage stub which is necessary for housing the motor of the propeller was seen to have a significant effect on the flow symmetry at large incidences that can occur when the MAV encounters sudden vertical gusts. Switching on the propeller restored the symmetry at both incidences. SPIV measurements were carried out at the incidence of 24° which exhibited the highest asymmetry. The off-body data shows the re-establishment of symmetry during propeller-on condition owing to the increase in the magnitude of spanwise and vertical velocities as a result of the propeller slipstream. The findings emphasise the importance of considering the propeller flow and design of the motor housing while evaluating the aerodynamics of low-aspect-ratio MAVs.

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Zhou, Desheng, Shun Liu, Tianjiang Wu, et al. "Visualisation and investigation of water retention in tight oil reservoir via real sandstone micro-models." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2021.10035086.

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Xiao, Z., T. Stait‐Gardner, S. A. Willis, et al. "3D visualisation of voids in grapevine flowers and berries using X‐ray micro computed tomography." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 27, no. 2 (2021): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12480.

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Liu, Yafei, Yuhan Shi, Haien Yang, et al. "Visualisation and investigation of water retention in tight oil reservoir via real sandstone micro-models." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 27, no. 2 (2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2021.115542.

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Gates, Will P., Gift Dumadah, and Abdelmalek Bouazza. "Micro X-ray visualisation of the interaction of geosynthetic clay liner components after partial hydration." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 46, no. 6 (2018): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.07.006.

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Thorpe Lowis, Casper G., Zhaoyang Xu, and Ming Zhang. "Visualisation of facet joint recesses of the cadaveric spine: a micro-CT and sheet plastination study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (2018): e000338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000338.

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ObjectivesThe size and shape of a joint cavity are the key determinates for the mobility of the joint. The anatomy and configuration of the facet joint (FJ) recesses at different levels of the spine remain unclear and controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the configuration of the FJ recesses in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine using a combination of micro-CT and sheet plastination techniques.MethodsOf 19 cadavers (9 males, 10 females, age range of 54–89 years), the FJ cavities of 3 spines were injected with contrast filling and scanned with micro-CT, and 16 plastinated spines were prepared as the series of sagittal (9 sets), transverse (5 sets) or coronal (2 sets) sections with a thickness of 2.5 mm and examined under a stereoscopic microscope.ResultsThis study characterised the FJ spaces and recesses of the spine and found that (1) the configuration and extent of the FJ recesses varied along the spine. The optimal needle approach to the FJ cavity was via an anterolateral or posterolateral recess at the cervical level, along the tip of the inferior articular process at the thoracic level and via the posteromedial recess at the lumbar level. (2) The FJ cavity did not communicate with the retrodural space.ConclusionThe anatomical features of the FJ recesses at different levels of the spine confirm no direct communication between the FJ cavity and retrodural space.

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Du, Jianjun, Ying Zhang, Xinyu Guo, et al. "Micron-scale phenotyping quantification and three-dimensional microstructure reconstruction of vascular bundles within maize stalks based on micro-CT scanning." Functional Plant Biology 44, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16117.

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Vascular bundles within maize (Zea mays L.) stalks play a key role in the mechanical support of plant architecture as well as in water and nutrient transportation. Convenient and accurate phenotyping of vascular bundles may help phenotypic identification of germplasm resources for breeding. Based on practical sample preparation procedures for maize stalks, we acquired serials of cross-sectional images using a micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging device. An image processing pipeline dedicated to the phenotyping of vascular bundles was also developed to automatically segment and validate vascular bundles from the cross-sectional images of maize stalks, from which phenotypic traits of vascular bundles, i.e. number, area, and spatial distribution, were calculated. More profound quantification of spatial distribution was given as area ratio of vascular bundles, which described the distribution of vascular bundles associated with the centroid of maize stalks. In addition, three-dimensional visualisation was performed to reveal the spatial configuration and distribution of vascular bundles. The proposed method significantly improves computation accuracy for the phenotypic traits of vascular bundles compared with previous methods, and is expected to be useful for illustrating relationships between phenotypic traits of vascular bundles and their function.

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Younes, Eliane, Michal Himl, Zdenek Stary, and Teodor Burghelea. "In-situ visualisation of the micro-structure of a Carbopol gel during a confined microscopic flow." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 296 (October 2021): 104630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2021.104630.

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Buffiere, J. Y., E. Ferrie, H. Proudhon, and W. Ludwig. "Three-dimensional visualisation of fatigue cracks in metals using high resolution synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography." Materials Science and Technology 22, no. 9 (2006): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328406x114135.

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Lamouroux, Audrey, Maida Cardoso, Gérard Subsol, Christophe Goze Bac, and Guillaume Captier. "Optimiser la visualisation des organes du fœtus humain au premier trimestre en micro-TDM post-mortem." Morphologie 108, no. 363 (2024): 100839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100839.

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De Wilde, D., B. Trachet, C. Van der Donckt, et al. "P2.02 IN VIVO VISUALISATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MOUSE CEREBRAL VASCULATURE USING CONTRAST ENHANCED MICRO-CT." Artery Research 7, no. 3-4 (2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artres.2013.10.064.

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Niemitz, Lorenzo, Stefan D. van der Stel, Simon Sorensen, et al. "Microcamera Visualisation System to Overcome Specular Reflections for Tissue Imaging." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (2023): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051062.

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In vivo tissue imaging is an essential tool for medical diagnosis, surgical guidance, and treatment. However, specular reflections caused by glossy tissue surfaces can significantly degrade image quality and hinder the accuracy of imaging systems. In this work, we further the miniaturisation of specular reflection reduction techniques using micro cameras, which have the potential to act as intra-operative supportive tools for clinicians. In order to remove these specular reflections, two small form factor camera probes, handheld at 10 mm footprint and miniaturisable to 2.3 mm, are developed using different modalities, with line-of-sight to further miniaturisation. (1) The sample is illuminated via multi-flash technique from four different positions, causing a shift in reflections which are then filtered out in a post-processing image reconstruction step. (2) The cross-polarisation technique integrates orthogonal polarisers onto the tip of the illumination fibres and camera, respectively, to filter out the polarisation maintaining reflections. These form part of a portable imaging system that is capable of rapid image acquisition using different illumination wavelengths, and employs techniques that lend themselves well to further footprint reduction. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system with validating experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms with high surface reflection, as well as on excised human breast tissue. We show that both methods can provide clear and detailed images of tissue structures along with the effective removal of distortion or artefacts caused by specular reflections. Our results suggest that the proposed system can improve the image quality of miniature in vivo tissue imaging systems and reveal underlying feature information at depth, for both human and machine observers, leading to better diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

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Wang, Xue-Man, Ying Tang, Pei-Hao Peng, and Hua Peng. "Hemipilia avisoides (Orchidaceae), a new species from Sichuan Province, China." PhytoKeys 213 (November 7, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.90377.

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A new orchid species, Hemipilia avisoides, is described from Songpan County and Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. Morphologically, H. avisoides is most similar to H. hui, but can be distinguished by the combination of its involute middle lip lobe that is smaller than the lateral lobes, floral bracts that are 5 mm long and are always shorter than the ovary, a leaf that is appressed to the substrate and is adaxially green with white lines along 7–9 principal veins and the subterranean stem with a solitary sheath at its base. The floral morphology of H. avisoides is presented by utilising in vivo micro-CT scanning and 3D visualisation.

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Rau, E. I., and VNE Robinson. "Principles and Possibilities of Backscattered Electron Micro-Tomography in the Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600009375.

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Multi layer structures are widely used in micro electronics devices and visualisation of their sub surface layers is important to understand the nature and properties of these devices. One of the more common methods of sub surface imaging is ion beam milling, in which sections of the overlaying material are removed to reveal sub surface details. Some disadvantages of this technique are that the equipment required is expensive and the technique is destructive. Another technique is to image a device at different accelerating voltages and determine at which voltage a particular feature is first detected. A major disadvantage of this technique is that the underlying layers are always observed partially obscured by the overlaying material. The development of a non destructive technique for three dimensional characterisation of electronic, physical, compositional and/or topological properties of these structures could be useful.One such technique is micro tomography using the backscattered electron (BSE) signal in the scanning electron microscope SEM [1].

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Bocharova, Ekaterina, Darya Kozhevnikova, and Kseniya Kolobova. "The Use of Microtomography for Studying Composite Slotted Tools." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 1 (February 27, 2025): 285–300. https://doi.org/10.55086/sp251285300.

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Recent advances in the use of computed microtomography (micro-CT) in archaeology have significantly improved the potential for the accurate non-destructive study of artifacts, making it possible to analyze their internal structure. The paper demonstrates the micro-CT method potential for the study of archaeological artifacts. Four composite slotted tools from the Kazachka site (Krasnoyarsk Krai), dated to between 11 and 8,5 ka BP, were selected to illustrate the method’s capabilities. The site, situated in the valley of the Kan River, contains a sequence of 20 layers ranging from the Final Paleolithic through the Early Iron Age. The study involved the analysis by micro-CT of two bone hafts with preserved inserts from layers XIV and XII, and two bone hafts devoid of inserts from layers XIX and XI. The employment of micro-CT facilitated the visualisation of artifacts and the analysis of slots geometry, thereby facilitating insights into their manufacturing sequences and characteristics. The segmentation process (i.e., the virtual separation of constituent parts of different densities) allowed for the extraction and detailed analysis of the inserts from the bone handles. The discrepancy between the slot depth and the insert width suggests the use of adhesives to secure the inserts and fill the voids — a hallmark of Late Paleolithic-Mesolithic composite technologies. This study highlights the significant potential of micro-CT in examining composite artifacts without the risk of damage, offering a novel approach to analyzing complex multi-component tools.

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Pasandideh, Saqalaksari Mikaeel, Ali Asghar Talebi, de Kamp Thomas van, Haghighi Sajjad Reyhani, Dominique Zimmermann, and Adrian Richter. "EntomonVR: A new virtual reality game for learning insect morphology." Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10, no. 3 (2024): 557–69. https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.557.

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The study of insect morphology has recently benefited greatly from the emergence of new digital imaging and analysis technologies such as X-ray Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), digital 3D reconstruction, and animation. Through interactive gaming and virtual reality, the external morphology of insects can be studied by a broad audience of both entomologists and non-specialists. EntomonVR is a serious game designed to investigate the external morphology of insects with adequate quality for the virtual reality platform. In this research, we discuss the advantages of virtual reality, introduce the EntomonVR new educational game, and conclude about future perspectives, validations, and cost-effectiveness. We tested this game on 25 participants with an entomological background for assessment and improved it based on their feedback. This study demonstrates the efficacy of virtual reality technology for an experimental learning environment in teaching the morphology of insects and the crucial need for advancing an efficient and interactive educational program.

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Chandra, Anu, Yohannes Soenjaya, Judy Yan, Paul Felts, Graeme McLeod, and Christine Demore. "Real-time visualisation of peripheral nerve trauma during subepineural injection in pig brachial plexus using micro-ultrasound." British Journal of Anaesthesia 127, no. 1 (2021): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.03.036.

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Landesman, Jean-Pierre. "Micro-photoluminescence for the visualisation of defects, stress and temperature profiles in high-power III–V's devices." Materials Science and Engineering: B 91-92 (April 2002): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(01)00969-2.

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Benyó-Korcsmáros, Réka, Sándor Gulyás, Dániel Sebők, Dániel Benyó, Péter Cseh, and Pál Sümegi. "Methodological add-ons to a non-destructive, micro-CT-based taxonomic/morphometric analysis of characean remains." Geologos 29, no. 2 (2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.2.08.

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Ever since its introduction, computed tomography has come a long way. No longer is it merely a method that is used in clinical diagnostics, but it is becoming more and more popular among palaeontologists because it can be used to analyse both external and internal structures of fossil remains, such as small insects, snail shells and plant remains. The present study describes non-destructive analyses of Late Cretaceous and early Holocene charophyte gyrogonites by using the micro-CT technique, from sample preparation (embedding, fixing) to visualisation and assessment of images obtained. In addition to this non-destructive examination, we wished to test whether or not computed tomography could be used to examine the gyrogonites. Our preliminary results have made it clear that the micro-CT technique is worth employing for further research. It has proved possible to visualise the samples in 3D, rotate them, and observe them from different directions. By using the appropriate parameters, we have also been able to observe density differences between parts of characean remains and to study several important defining features of these.

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Faulwetter, Sarah, Aikaterini Vasileiadou, Michail Kouratoras, Thanos Dailianis, and Christos Arvanitidis. "Micro-computed tomography: Introducing new dimensions to taxonomy." ZooKeys 263 (February 4, 2013): 1–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.263.4261.

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Continuous improvements in the resolution of three-dimensional imaging have led to an increased application of these techniques in conventional taxonomic research in recent years. Coupled with an ever increasing research effort in cybertaxonomy, three-dimensional imaging could give a boost to the development of virtual specimen collections, allowing rapid and simultaneous access to accurate virtual representations of type material. This paper explores the potential of micro-computed tomography (X-ray micro-tomography), a non-destructive three-dimensional imaging technique based on mapping X-ray attenuation in the scanned object, for supporting research in systematics and taxonomy. The subsequent use of these data as virtual type material, so-called “cybertypes”, and the creation of virtual collections lie at the core of this potential. Sample preparation, image acquisition, data processing and presentation of results are demonstrated using polychaetes (bristle worms), a representative taxon of macro-invertebrates, as a study object. Effects of the technique on the morphological, anatomical and molecular identity of the specimens are investigated. The paper evaluates the results and discusses the potential and the limitations of the technique for creating cybertypes. It also discusses the challenges that the community might face to establish virtual collections. Potential future applications of three-dimensional information in taxonomic research are outlined, including an outlook to new ways of producing, disseminating and publishing taxonomic information.

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Cheng, Kai, Ian Curthoys, Hamish MacDougall, Jonathan Robert Clark, and Payal Mukherjee. "Human Middle Ear Anatomy Based on Micro-Computed Tomography and Reconstruction: An Immersive Virtual Reality Development." Osteology 3, no. 2 (2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/osteology3020007.

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Background: For almost a decade, virtual reality (VR) has been employed in otology simulation. The realism and accuracy of traditional three-dimensional (3D) mesh models of the middle ear from clinical CT have suffered because of their low resolution. Although micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging overcomes resolution issues, its usage in virtual reality platforms has been limited due to the high computational requirements. The aim of this study was to optimize a high-resolution 3D human middle ear mesh model suitable for viewing and manipulation in an immersive VR environment using an HTC VIVE VR headset (HTC and Valve Corporation, USA) to enable a seamless middle ear anatomical visualisation viewing experience in VR while preserving anatomical accuracy. Methods: A high-resolution 3D mesh model of the human middle ear was reconstructed using micro-CT data with 28 μm voxel resolution. The models were optimised by tailoring the surface model polygon counts, file size, loading time, and frame rate. Results: The optimized middle ear model and its surrounding structures (polygon counts reduced from 21 million polygons to 2.5 million) could be uploaded and visualised in immersive VR at 82 frames per second with no VR-related motion sickness reported. Conclusion: High-resolution micro-CT data can be visualized in an immersive VR environment after optimisation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on overcoming the translational hurdle in middle ear applications of VR.

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Rakauskas, Arnas, Max Peters, Paul Martel, et al. "Do cancer detection rates differ between transperineal and transrectal micro-ultrasound mpMRI-fusion-targeted prostate biopsies? A propensity score-matched study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0280262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280262.

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Introduction High-resolution micro-ultrasound (micro-US) is a novel precise imaging modality that allows targeted prostate biopsies and multiparametric magnet resonance imaging (mpMRI) fusion. Its high resolution relying on a 29 MHz transducer allows real-time visualisation of prostate cancer lesions; this might overcome the inaccuracy of conventional MRI-US fusion biopsy strategies. We compared cancer detection rates in patients who underwent transrectal (TR-B) versus transperineal (TP-B) MR-micro-US fusion biopsy. Materials and methods 1:2 propensity score matching was performed in 322 consecutive procedures: 56 TR-B and 266 TP-B. All prostate biopsies were performed using ExactVuTM micro-US system with mpMRI image fusion. Clinically significant disease was defined as grade group ≥2. The primary objective was to evaluate the detection of clinically significant disease according to access route. The secondary outcomes were to compare the respective detection rates of random and targeted biopsies stratified per access route and to evaluate micro-US for its potential added value. Results 47 men undergoing TR-B and 88 undergoing TP-B were matched for age, PSA, clinical stage, prostate volume, PIRADS score, number of mpMRI-visible lesions and indication to biopsy. The detection rates of clinically significant and of any prostate cancer did not differ between the two groups (45% TR-B vs 42% TP-B; p = 0.8, and 57% TR-B vs 59% TP-B; p = 0.9, respectively). Detection rates also did not differ significantly between random (p = 0.4) and targeted biopsies (p = 0.7) stratified per access route. Micro-US targeted biopsy detected 36 MRI-invisible lesions in 33 patients; 19% of these lesions were positive for clinically significant disease. Overall, micro-US targeted biopsies upgraded 2% of patients to clinically significant disease that would have been missed otherwise. Conclusions MR-micro-US-fusion TR-B and TP-B have similar diagnostic yields in terms of detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer. Micro-US targeted biopsy appears to have an additional diagnostic value over systematic and MRI-targeted biopsies.

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Price, William S., Hiroyuki Ide, Yoji Arata, and Masaya Ishikawa. "Visualisation of Freezing Behaviours in Flower Bud Tissues of Cold-hardy Rhododendron japonicum by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Micro-Imaging." Functional Plant Biology 24, no. 5 (1997): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp97049.

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1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) micro-imaging was used to study the freezing behaviour of wintering flower buds of Rhododendron japonicum (A. Gray) Suringer. Amulti-slice multi- echo pulse sequence was used to acquire images at different subfreezing temperatures. The images obtained predominantly reflected the density of mobile (i.e. non-ice) protons mainly from unfrozen water. By comparing these images taken at various subfreezing temperatures, we could determine which tissues produced high temperature exotherms and low temperature exotherms in differential thermal analyses. In flower buds of the cold-hardy R. japonicum, typical extra-organ freezing was successfully imaged. The scales readily froze at –7°C but some florets remained supercooled even at –21°C. The size of the supercooled florets was reduced with decreasing temperature which indicated a gradual decrease in floret water content. With decreasing temperature, there was a gradual decrease in the signal intensity of the flower bud axis including the peduncle and immature pith tissues, which implies either dehydration or partial freezing of these tissues. Deep supercooling in the entire mature pith tissues was also clearly visible in these images. Due to its non-invasive nature, NMR micro-imaging is a useful tool for studying freezing behaviours in various plant tissues, especially for imaging organised or harmonised freezing in complex organs as well as for clarifying the diversity and mechanisms involved in freezing behaviours.

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Ujang, U., S. Azri, M. Zahir, A. Abdul Rahman, and T. L. Choon. "URBAN HEAT ISLAND MICRO-MAPPING VIA 3D CITY MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W10 (September 12, 2018): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w10-201-2018.

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Abstract. Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon has been a topic of intense study over the past several years. However, to visualise UHI model is still an issue. Common visualisation of UHI by using digital thematic maps shows that it is hard to perceive its impacts especially in a sophisticated micro-area such as in urbanized cities. Moreover, different building façade’s material gives different UHI value. Therefore, there is a need in computing and visualising this phenomenon in three-dimensional (3D) perspectives. Recently, the development of 3D city modelling shows the potential of solving these gaps. This can be seen from the characteristics of 3D city models that are suitable in representing micro-areas (complex cities) for UHI studies. Based on this issue, this research aims to produce a 3D UHI model by using 3D city models as a tool for efficient and sustainable building design. The main objective is to produce a new approach in visualising UHI in 3D perspectives by instigating 3D city models. Thus, the UHI effect could be predicted precisely by calculating the building façades value. This research explores the 3D shadow analysis, 3D solar radiation and 3D orientation analysis in UHI modelling via 3D city models. From the analyses, the results show that the 3D city models are capable in presenting the solar radiation value for each building façade. Furthermore, this approach can be used to simulate future UHI analysis-prediction and advantageous for pre-development planning.

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Lauridsen, Torsten, Kyriaki Glavina, Timothy David Colmer, et al. "Visualisation by high resolution synchrotron X-ray phase contrast micro-tomography of gas films on submerged superhydrophobic leaves." Journal of Structural Biology 188, no. 1 (2014): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2014.08.003.

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Somashekar, A. A., S. Bickerton, and D. Bhattacharyya. "Compression deformation of a biaxial stitched glass fibre reinforcement: Visualisation and image analysis using X-ray micro-CT." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 42, no. 2 (2011): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.10.017.

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Vandersteen, C., T. Demarcy, H. Delingette, P. Franken, C. Raffaelli, and N. Guevara. "Outil numérique d’enseignement et de visualisation de l’anatomie du rocher par fusion de micro-scanner et de scanner." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 131, no. 4 (2014): A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2014.07.119.

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Gülçür, Mert, Paul Wilson, Michael Donnelly, et al. "X-ray computed tomography for predictive quality assessment, 3D visualisation of micro-injection mouldings and soft-tool deformation." Materials & Design 227 (March 2023): 111741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111741.

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Berganzo-Besga, Iban, Hector A. Orengo, Joan Canela, and Maria Carme Belarte. "Potential of Multitemporal Lidar for the Detection of Subtle Archaeological Features under Perennial Dense Forest." Land 11, no. 11 (2022): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111964.

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This paper presents a method for the merging of lidar-derived point clouds of the same area taken at different moments, even when these are not co-registered. The workflow also incorporates the filtering of vegetation allowing the classification of unclassified point clouds using the ground points of reliable coverages. The objective is to produce a digital terrain model by joining all ground points to generate a higher resolution model than would have been possible using a single coverage. The workflow is supplemented by a multi-scale relief visualisation tool that allows for better detection of archaeological micro-reliefs of variable size even in areas of complex topography. The workflow is tested in six Iberian Iron Age sites, all of them located in mountain areas with dense Mediterranean perennial forests and shrub vegetation.

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Akhondzadeh, Hamed, Alireza Keshavarz, Faisal Ur Rahman Awan, Ahmed Z. Al-Yaseri, Stefan Iglauer, and Maxim Lebedev. "Coal fracturing through liquid nitrogen treatment: a micro-computed tomography study." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19105.

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Low permeability of coal has been a constant obstacle to economic production from coalbed methane reservoirs, and liquid nitrogen (LN2) treatment has been investigated as one approach to address this issue. This study examined LN2 fracturing of a bituminous coal at pore-scale through 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography. For this purpose, a cylindrical sample was immersed into LN2 for 60 min. The micro-CT results clearly showed that the rapid freezing of the coal with LN2 generated fracture planes with large apertures originating from the pre-existing cleats in the rock. This treatment also connected original cleats with originally isolated pores and micro-cleats, thereby increasing pore network connectivity. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy highlighted the appearance of continuous wide conductive fractures with a maximum opening size of 9 µm. Furthermore, a nano-indentation technique was used to test the effect of LN2 on coal mechanical properties. The indentation moduli decreased by up to 14%, which was attributed to the increase in the cracked rock compressibility, showing considerable fracturing efficiency of the LN2 treatment. Through in-situ microscopic visualisation and surface investigation, this study quantified the pore structure and connectivity evolution of the rock based on the morphological alteration, and demonstrated the promising effect of LN2 freezing on fracturing of bituminous coals, thus aiding coalbed methane production. The significance of this study was investigating the mechanisms associated with and the efficiency of LN2 treatment of a coal rock in a 3D analysis inside the rock.

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Noor, R. Al-Hasani, G. Royall Paul, Rayment Neil, and Wolff Kim. "The morphological analysis of crystalline methadone: a novel combination of microscopy techniques." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 4(38) (August 31, 2022): 44–52. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.263556.

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The aim: to evaluate combined microscopy techniques for determining the morphological and optical properties of methadone hydrochloride (MDN) crystals. Materials and methods: MDN crystal formation was optimized using a closed container method and crystals were characterized using polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy (CM). SEM and CM were used to determine MDN crystal thickness and study its relationship with crystal retardation colours using the Michel-Levy Birefringence approach. Results: Dimensions (mean±SD) of diamond shaped MDN crystals were confirmed using SEM and CM. Crystals were 46.4±15.2 Vs 32.0±8.3 µm long, 28.03±8.2 Vs 20.85±5.5 µm wide, and 6.62±2.9 Vs 9.6±4.6 µm thick, respectively. There were significant differences between SEM and CM thickness measurements (U=1283, p<0.05), as the SEM exhibited thinner diamond crystals. The combined use of PLM and Michel-Levy chart enabled the observation of a predominantly yellow coloured MDN crystal, mean thickness at (428 nm) mean retardation value. Conclusion: The SEM was superior and successfully determined MDN crystal dimensions for the first time, whilst the CM results were affected by the Rhodamine dye staining process used for visualisation. The qualitative analysis of the crystallinity status of methadone hydrochloride optimally achieved using a combination of PLM and SEM techniques

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Marques, Carla, Carmem Leal, João Ferreira, and Vanessa Ratten. "The formal-informal dilemma for women micro-entrepreneurs: evidence from Brazil." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 14, no. 5 (2018): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-03-2016-0008.

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Purpose The present study aims to identify women microentrepreneurs’ motivations that may influence the legalisation of their businesses and their capacity to reconcile the demands of family and work in a developing country (i.e. Brazil). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on women’s microentrepreneurial initiatives in three northern Brazil cities: Salvador da Bahia (Bahia), Fortaleza (Cear) and Belm (Par). Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse textual data from the 30 interviews. The content was standardised and subsequently analysed using NVivo and IBM’s Many Eyes data visualisation software. Findings The results suggest that these women opt for legalised individual entrepreneurship to access the benefits of formalising their businesses and to search for mechanisms that encourage a work–family balance. However, in the more rural city studied, women show greater resistance to, and more distrust of, the benefits of legalising their business, as opposed to women from the two more urban cities. Practical implications The results contribute to a better understanding of women’s motivations to legalise their microbusiness. In Brazil, the writing and passing of a law geared towards this type of entrepreneur (e.g. individual microentrepreneurs) has had a quite positive effect on the legalisation of businesses, in particular for women. However, this law has had a more positive effect in urban areas, which suggests that further dissemination is needed of the benefits of formalising microbusinesses in rural areas. Originality/value This study contributes to research that seeks to understand better entrepreneurial preferences (i.e. formal vs informal) and the role played by gender and legal, financial and family contexts.

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Chatzi, P., A. Antoniadou, T. Efstathiadis, and A. I. Kalfas. "Thermal performance investigation of metal foam heat exchanger for micro-gas turbine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2511, no. 1 (2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2511/1/012013.

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Abstract This study presents the experimental monitoring of heat transfer performance of metal foams in transient state. Micro gas turbines require a compact recuperator with high effectiveness to achieve higher thermal efficiency. Porous media such as metal and ceramic foams are characterised by high surface-to-volume ratio. They are known to increase heat transfer and potentially can be incorporated in recuperators. Their structure is ideal for thermal management of compact and lightweight applications. The idea is to combine excellent thermal properties of metal foams with turbine gases heat fluxes exploitation, in order to elevate the temperature of a different working fluid such as water or compressed air before it enters the combustor. A novel facility was designed and developed for monitoring heat transfer mechanisms that occur in metal foams. A copper cylinder is filled with metal foam which is heated in transient state by a sudden switch from cold to hot water flow whereas a cold stream cools the device in a crossflow configuration. The study demonstrates a method based on computerisation of true-colour analysis of digital images for surface temperature visualisation using thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC). Results of temperature as well as local and mean heat transfer coefficient were obtained showing that the hot flow inside the foam was more dominant in heat transfer than the cold flow in the empty channel. The method is promising for the evaluation of transient phenomena in a tube that is filled with porous media.

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