Thematische Bibliographien / Microtubule aster / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Microtubule aster“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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1

Bringmann, Henrik. "Mechanical and genetic separation of aster- and midzone-positioned cytokinesis." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 3 (2008): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360381.

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The mitotic spindle positions the cytokinesis furrow. The cytokinesis furrow then forms and ingresses at the site of the mitotic spindle, between the spindle poles. Two populations of spindle microtubules are implicated in cytokinesis furrow positioning: radial microtubule arrays called asters and bundled non-kinetochore microtubules called the spindle midzone. Here I will discuss our recent results that provided examples of how aster-positioned and midzone-positioned cytokinesis can be mechanically and genetically separated. These experiments illustrate how asters and midzone contribute to cy
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Tse, Yu Chung, Alisa Piekny, and Michael Glotzer. "Anillin promotes astral microtubule-directed cortical myosin polarization." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 17 (2011): 3165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-05-0399.

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Assembly of a cytokinetic contractile ring is a form of cell polarization in which the equatorial cell cortex becomes differentiated from the polar regions. Microtubules direct cytokinetic polarization via the central spindle and astral microtubules. The mechanism of central spindle–directed furrow formation is reasonably well understood, but the aster-directed pathway is not. In aster-directed furrowing, cytoskeletal factors accumulate to high levels at sites distal to the asters and at reduced levels at cortical sites near the asters. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cytoskeletal organ
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Sider, J. R., C. A. Mandato, K. L. Weber, et al. "Direct observation of microtubule-f-actin interaction in cell free lysates." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 12 (1999): 1947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.12.1947.

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Coordinated interplay of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons has long been known to be crucial for many cellular processes including cell migration and cytokinesis. However, interactions between these two systems have been difficult to document by conventional approaches, for a variety of technical reasons. Here the distribution of f-actin and microtubules were analyzed in the absence of fixation using Xenopus egg extracts as an in vitro source of microtubules and f-actin, demembranated Xenopus sperm to nucleate microtubule asters, fluorescent phalloidin as a probe for f-actin, and fluores
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Nguyen, P. A., C. M. Field, and T. J. Mitchison. "Prc1E and Kif4A control microtubule organization within and between large Xenopus egg asters." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 3 (2018): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-09-0540.

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Prc1E and Kif4A prune out anti-parallel microtubules in the huge asters that position cleavage furrows in Xenopus eggs. Within asters, this promotes radial order in the face of the randomizing effect of nucleation away from centrosomes. At boundaries between asters, it blocks growth of a microtubule from one aster into its neighbor.
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Kotani, Tomoya, та Masakane Yamashita. "Overexpression of truncated γ-tubulins disrupts mitotic aster formation in Xenopus oocyte extracts". Biochemical Journal 389, № 3 (2005): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050243.

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Mechanisms of spindle pole formation rely on minus-end-directed motor proteins. γ-Tubulin is present at the centre of poles, but its function during pole formation is completely unknown. To address the role of γ-tubulin in spindle pole formation, we overexpressed GFP (green fluorescent protein)-fused γ-tubulin (γ-Tu-GFP) in Xenopus oocytes and produced self-assembled mitotic asters in the oocyte extracts. γ-Tu-GFP associated with endogenous α-, β- and γ-tubulin, suggesting that it acts in the same manner as that of endogenous γ-tubulin. During the process of aster formation, γ-Tu-GFP aggregate
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Dogterom, M., M. A. Félix, C. C. Guet, and S. Leibler. "Influence of M-phase chromatin on the anisotropy of microtubule asters." Journal of Cell Biology 133, no. 1 (1996): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.133.1.125.

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In many eukaryotic cells going through M-phase, a bipolar spindle is formed by microtubules nucleated from centrosomes. These microtubules, in addition to being "captured" by kinetochores, may be stabilized by chromatin in two different ways: short-range stabilization effects may affect microtubules in close contact with the chromatin, while long-range stabilization effects may "guide" microtubule growth towards the chromatin (e.g., by introducing a diffusive gradient of an enzymatic activity that affects microtubule assembly). Here, we use both meiotic and mitotic extracts from Xenopus laevis
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Tanimoto, Hirokazu, Akatsuki Kimura, and Nicolas Minc. "Shape–motion relationships of centering microtubule asters." Journal of Cell Biology 212, no. 7 (2016): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201510064.

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Although mechanisms that contribute to microtubule (MT) aster positioning have been extensively studied, still little is known on how asters move inside cells to faithfully target a cellular location. Here, we study sperm aster centration in sea urchin eggs, as a stereotypical large-scale aster movement with extreme constraints on centering speed and precision. By tracking three-dimensional aster centration dynamics in eggs with manipulated shapes, we show that aster geometry resulting from MT growth and interaction with cell boundaries dictates aster instantaneous directionality, yielding cel
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Zhang, C., M. Hughes, and P. R. Clarke. "Ran-GTP stabilises microtubule asters and inhibits nuclear assembly in Xenopus egg extracts." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 14 (1999): 2453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.14.2453.

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Ran is an abundant GTPase of the Ras superfamily that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. In interphase cells, Ran is mainly nuclear and thought to be predominantly GTP-bound, but it is also present in the cytoplasm, probably GDP-bound. This asymmetric distribution plays an important role in directing nucleocytoplasmic transport. Ran has also been implicated in cell cycle control, including the transition from mitosis to interphase when the compartmentalisation of the nucleus is established. Here, we have examined the role of Ran in this transition using a cell-free system of Xenopus egg extrac
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Schroeder, M. M., and D. L. Gard. "Organization and regulation of cortical microtubules during the first cell cycle of Xenopus eggs." Development 114, no. 3 (1992): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.3.699.

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Anti-tubulin antibodies and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to examine the organization and regulation of cytoplasmic and cortical microtubules during the first cell cycle of fertilized Xenopus eggs. Appearance of microtubules in the egg cortex temporally coincided with the outgrowth of the sperm aster. Microtubules of the sperm aster first reached the animal cortex at 0.25, (times normalized to first cleavage), forming a radially organized array of cortical microtubules. A disordered network of microtubules was apparent in the vegetal cortex as early as 0.35. Cortical microtu
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10

Schroeder, T. E., and D. E. Battaglia. ""Spiral asters" and cytoplasmic rotation in sea urchin eggs: induction in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs by elevated temperature." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 4 (1985): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.4.1056.

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"Spiral asters" composed of swirls of subcortical microtubules were recently described in fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In our study, these structures did not occur at culture temperatures below 16 degrees C. When the culture temperature was elevated, however, "spiral asters" routinely appeared during a susceptible period before mitotic prophase when the sperm aster-diaster normally exists. A massive and protracted rotation of the cytoplasm (excluding an immobile cortex and perinuclear region) began within 1 min of exposure to elevated temperature. Fibrils of
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11

Field, Christine M., Aaron C. Groen, Phuong A. Nguyen, and Timothy J. Mitchison. "Spindle-to-cortex communication in cleaving, polyspermic Xenopus eggs." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 20 (2015): 3628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0233.

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Mitotic spindles specify cleavage planes in early embryos by communicating their position and orientation to the cell cortex using microtubule asters that grow out from the spindle poles during anaphase. Chromatin also plays a poorly understood role. Polyspermic fertilization provides a natural experiment in which aster pairs from the same spindle (sister asters) have chromatin between them, whereas asters pairs from different spindles (nonsisters) do not. In frogs, only sister aster pairs induce furrows. We found that only sister asters recruited two conserved furrow-inducing signaling comple
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Mountain, Vicki, Calvin Simerly, Louisa Howard, Asako Ando, Gerald Schatten, and Duane A. Compton. "The Kinesin-Related Protein, Hset, Opposes the Activity of Eg5 and Cross-Links Microtubules in the Mammalian Mitotic Spindle." Journal of Cell Biology 147, no. 2 (1999): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.147.2.351.

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We have prepared antibodies specific for HSET, the human homologue of the KAR3 family of minus end-directed motors. Immuno-EM with these antibodies indicates that HSET frequently localizes between microtubules within the mammalian metaphase spindle consistent with a microtubule cross-linking function. Microinjection experiments show that HSET activity is essential for meiotic spindle organization in murine oocytes and taxol-induced aster assembly in cultured cells. However, inhibition of HSET did not affect mitotic spindle architecture or function in cultured cells, indicating that centrosomes
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Sallé, Jérémy, Jing Xie, Dmitry Ershov, Milan Lacassin, Serge Dmitrieff, and Nicolas Minc. "Asymmetric division through a reduction of microtubule centering forces." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 3 (2018): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807102.

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Asymmetric divisions are essential for the generation of cell fate and size diversity. They implicate cortical domains where minus end–directed motors, such as dynein, are activated to pull on microtubules to decenter asters attached to centrosomes, nuclei, or spindles. In asymmetrically dividing cells, aster decentration typically follows a centering phase, suggesting a time-dependent regulation in the competition between microtubule centering and decentering forces. Using symmetrically dividing sea urchin zygotes, we generated cortical domains of magnetic particles that spontaneously cluster
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Verde, F., J. M. Berrez, C. Antony, and E. Karsenti. "Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein." Journal of Cell Biology 112, no. 6 (1991): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.6.1177.

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Taxol, a microtubule stabilizing drug, induces the formation of numerous microtubule asters in the cytoplasm of mitotic cells (De Brabander, M., G. Geuens, R. Nuydens, R. Willebrords, J. DeMey. 1981. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78:5608-5612). The center of these asters share with spindle poles some characteristics such as the presence of centrosomal material and calmodulin. We have recently reproduced the assembly of taxol asters in a cell-free system (Buendia, B., C. Antony, F. Verde, M. Bornens, and E. Karsenti. 1990. J. Cell Sci. 97:259-271) using extracts of Xenopus eggs. In this paper, we
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Félix, MA, C. Antony, M. Wright, and B. Maro. "Centrosome assembly in vitro: role of gamma-tubulin recruitment in Xenopus sperm aster formation." Journal of Cell Biology 124, no. 1 (1994): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.124.1.19.

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Centrioles organize microtubules in two ways: either microtubules elongate from the centriole cylinder itself, forming a flagellum or a cilium ("template elongation"), or pericentriolar material assembles and nucleates a microtubule aster ("astral nucleation"). During spermatogenesis in most species, a motile flagellum elongates from one of the sperm centrioles, whereas after fertilization a large aster of microtubules forms around the sperm centrioles in the egg cytoplasm. Using Xenopus egg extracts we have developed an in vitro system to study this change in microtubule-organizing activity.
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Luetjens, Craig Marc, and Adriaan W. C. Dorresteijn. "Dynamic changes of the microtubule system corresponding to the unequal and spiral cleavage modes in the embryo of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia)." Zygote 6, no. 3 (1998): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199498000185.

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Unequal cleavage requires a highly organised cytoskeleton. We investigated the localisation of both tubulins and microtubular arrays in Dreissena eggs during and after fertilisation using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Freshly spawned eggs are arrested in metaphase I. A maternal pool of γ-tubulin is found mainly in the centre of the asters of the meiotic spindle. The paternal pool of γ-tubulin, present in the fertilising sperm, could not be traced within the egg, but a microtubule-organising centre forms near the male pronucleus at anaphase II. Male and female pronuclei grow as they migra
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Chakravarty, Arijit, Louisa Howard, and Duane A. Compton. "A Mechanistic Model for the Organization of Microtubule Asters by Motor and Non-Motor Proteins in a Mammalian Mitotic Extract." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 5 (2004): 2116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-08-0579.

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We used computer simulation to understand the functional relationships between motor (dynein, HSET, and Eg5) and non-motor (NuMA) proteins involved in microtubule aster organization. The simulation accurately predicted microtubule organization under all combinations of motor and non-motor proteins, provided that microtubule cross-links at minus-ends were dynamic, and dynein and HSET were restricted to cross-linking microtubules in parallel orientation only. A mechanistic model was derived from these data in which a combination of two aggregate properties, Net Minus-end–directed Force and micro
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18

Meaders, Johnathan L., and David R. Burgess. "Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning." Cells 9, no. 2 (2020): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020505.

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The zygote is defined as a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes. Union of haploid male and female pronuclei in many animals occurs through rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton into a radial array of microtubules known as the sperm aster. The sperm aster nucleates from paternally-derived centrioles attached to the male pronucleus after fertilization. Nematode, echinoderm, and amphibian eggs have proven as invaluable models to investigate the biophysical principles for how the sperm aster unites male and female pronuclei with precise spatial and temporal regula
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Steffen, W., H. Fuge, R. Dietz, M. Bastmeyer, and G. Müller. "Aster-free spindle poles in insect spermatocytes: evidence for chromosome-induced spindle formation?" Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 5 (1986): 1679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.5.1679.

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Tipulid spermatocytes form normally functioning bipolar spindles after one of the centrosomes is experimentally dislocated from the nucleus in late diakinesis (Dietz, R., 1959, Z. Naturforsch., 14b:749-752; Dietz, R., 1963, Zool. Anz. Suppl., 23:131-138; Dietz, R., 1966, Heredity, 19:161-166). The possibility that dissociated pericentriolar material (PCM) is nevertheless responsible for the formation of the spindle in these cells cannot be ruled out based on live observation. In studying serial sections of complete cells and of lysed cells, it was found that centrosome-free spindle poles in th
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Maiato, Helder, Paula Sampaio, Catarina L. Lemos, et al. "MAST/Orbit has a role in microtubule–kinetochore attachment and is essential for chromosome alignment and maintenance of spindle bipolarity." Journal of Cell Biology 157, no. 5 (2002): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200201101.

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Multiple asters (MAST)/Orbit is a member of a new family of nonmotor microtubule-associated proteins that has been previously shown to be required for the organization of the mitotic spindle. Here we provide evidence that MAST/Orbit is required for functional kinetochore attachment, chromosome congression, and the maintenance of spindle bipolarity. In vivo analysis of Drosophila mast mutant embryos undergoing early mitotic divisions revealed that chromosomes are unable to reach a stable metaphase alignment and that bipolar spindles collapse as centrosomes move progressively closer toward the c
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Sulerud, Taylor, Abdullah Bashar Sami, Guihe Li, April Kloxin, John Oakey, and Jesse Gatlin. "Microtubule-dependent pushing forces contribute to long-distance aster movement and centration in Xenopus laevis egg extracts." Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, no. 25 (2020): 2791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0088.

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In this work, we demonstrate that microtubule asters are able to center in a variety of cell geometries and can do so over long distances, even when the activity of cytoplasmic dynein is inhibited. This observation, along with additional characterizations of aster movements, is consistent with a microtubule-based pushing mechanism.
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Horne, Melinda M., and Thomas M. Guadagno. "A requirement for MAP kinase in the assembly and maintenance of the mitotic spindle." Journal of Cell Biology 161, no. 6 (2003): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200304144.

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Circumstantial evidence has suggested the possibility of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) kinase's involvement in spindle regulation. To test this directly, we asked whether MAP kinase was required for spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts. Either the inhibition or the depletion of endogenous p42 MAP kinase resulted in defective spindle structures resembling asters or half-spindles. Likewise, an increase in the length and polymerization of microtubules was measured in aster assays suggesting a role for MAP kinase in regulating microtubule dynamics. Consistent with this, treatment of ext
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Ault, J. G., A. J. DeMarco, E. D. Salmon, and C. L. Rieder. "Studies on the ejection properties of asters: astral microtubule turnover influences the oscillatory behavior and positioning of mono-oriented chromosomes." Journal of Cell Science 99, no. 4 (1991): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.99.4.701.

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The position of a mono-oriented chromosome changes as it oscillates to and from the pole to which it is attached. Such oscillatory behavior reveals that the net force on a mono-oriented chromosome is constantly changing. Fluctuations may occur in both the polewardly directed force acting at the kinetochore and the opposing outwardly directed force associated with the aster. We have examined the ejection properties of the aster—as well as the oscillatory behavior and positioning of mono-oriented chromosomes—in relation to astral microtubule turnover. We treated cells containing monopolar spindl
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Waterman-Storer, Clare, Devin Y. Duey, Kari L. Weber, et al. "Microtubules Remodel Actomyosin Networks in Xenopus Egg Extracts via Two Mechanisms of F-Actin Transport." Journal of Cell Biology 150, no. 2 (2000): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.150.2.361.

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Interactions between microtubules and filamentous actin (F-actin) are crucial for many cellular processes, including cell locomotion and cytokinesis, but are poorly understood. To define the basic principles governing microtubule/F-actin interactions, we used dual-wavelength digital fluorescence and fluorescent speckle microscopy to analyze microtubules and F-actin labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores in interphase Xenopus egg extracts. In the absence of microtubules, networks of F-actin bundles zippered together or exhibited serpentine gliding along the coverslip. When microtubules w
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Houliston, E., and R. P. Elinson. "Patterns of microtubule polymerization relating to cortical rotation in Xenopus laevis eggs." Development 112, no. 1 (1991): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.112.1.107.

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Following fertilization, the Xenopus egg cortex rotates relative to the cytoplasm by 30 degrees about a horizontal axis. The direction of rotation, and as a result the orientation of the embryonic body axes, is normally specified by the position of sperm entry. The mechanism of rotation appears to involve an array of aligned microtubules in the vegetal cortex (Elinson and Rowning, 1988, Devl Biol. 128, 185–197). We performed anti-tubulin immunofluorescence on sections to follow the formation of this array. Microtubules disappear rapidly from the egg following fertilization, and reappear first
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Dikovskaya, Dina, Ian P. Newton, and Inke S. Näthke. "The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein Is Required for the Formation of Robust Spindles Formed in CSF Xenopus Extracts." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 6 (2004): 2978–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-08-0613.

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Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein occur early in colon cancer and correlate with chromosomal instability. Here, we show that depletion of APC from cystostatic factor (CSF) Xenopus extracts leads to a decrease in microtubule density and changes in tubulin distribution in spindles and asters formed in such extracts. Addition of full-length APC protein or a large, N-terminally truncated APC fragment to APC-depleted extracts restored normal spindle morphology and the intact microtubule-binding site of APC was necessary for this rescue. These data indicate that the APC prote
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Zimmerman, Wendy C., James Sillibourne, Jack Rosa та Stephen J. Doxsey. "Mitosis-specific Anchoring of γ Tubulin Complexes by Pericentrin Controls Spindle Organization and Mitotic Entry". Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, № 8 (2004): 3642–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-11-0796.

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Microtubule nucleation is the best known function of centrosomes. Centrosomal microtubule nucleation is mediated primarily by γ tubulin ring complexes (γ TuRCs). However, little is known about the molecules that anchor these complexes to centrosomes. In this study, we show that the centrosomal coiled-coil protein pericentrin anchors γ TuRCs at spindle poles through an interaction with γ tubulin complex proteins 2 and 3 (GCP2/3). Pericentrin silencing by small interfering RNAs in somatic cells disrupted γ tubulin localization and spindle organization in mitosis but had no effect on γ tubulin lo
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Cao, Tracy T., Wakam Chang, Sarah E. Masters, and Mark S. Mooseker. "Myosin-Va Binds to and Mechanochemically Couples Microtubules to Actin Filaments." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 1 (2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-07-0504.

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Myosin-Va was identified as a microtubule binding protein by cosedimentation analysis in the presence of microtubules. Native myosin-Va purified from chick brain, as well as the expressed globular tail domain of this myosin, but not head domain bound to microtubule-associated protein-free microtubules. Binding of myosin-Va to microtubules was saturable and of moderately high affinity (∼1:24 Myosin-Va:tubulin; Kd = 70 nM). Myosin-Va may bind to microtubules via its tail domain because microtubule-bound myosin-Va retained the ability to bind actin filaments resulting in the formation of cross-li
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Mangal, Sriyash, Jennifer Sacher, Taekyung Kim, et al. "TPXL-1 activates Aurora A to clear contractile ring components from the polar cortex during cytokinesis." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 3 (2018): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201706021.

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During cytokinesis, a signal from the central spindle that forms between the separating anaphase chromosomes promotes the accumulation of contractile ring components at the cell equator, while a signal from the centrosomal microtubule asters inhibits accumulation of contractile ring components at the cell poles. However, the molecular identity of the inhibitory signal has remained unknown. To identify molecular components of the aster-based inhibitory signal, we developed a means to monitor the removal of contractile ring proteins from the polar cortex after anaphase onset. Using this assay, w
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Palazzo, R. E., E. A. Vaisberg, D. G. Weiss, S. A. Kuznetsov, and W. Steffen. "Dynein is required for spindle assembly in cytoplasmic extracts of Spisula solidissima oocytes." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 9 (1999): 1291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.9.1291.

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Meiosis I spindle assembly is induced in lysate-extract mixtures prepared from clam (Spisula solidissima) oocytes. Unactivated lysate prepared from unactivated oocytes contain nuclei (germinal vesicles, GVs) which house condensed chromosomes. Treatment of unactivated lysate with clarified activated extract prepared from oocytes induced to complete meiosis by treatment with KCl induces GV breakdown (GVBD) and assembly of monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar aster-chromosome complexes. The process of in vitro meiosis I spindle assembly involves the assembly of microtubule asters and the associatio
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Gaglio, Tirso, Mary A. Dionne, and Duane A. Compton. "Mitotic Spindle Poles are Organized by Structural and Motor Proteins in Addition to Centrosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 138, no. 5 (1997): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.138.5.1055.

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The focusing of microtubules into mitotic spindle poles in vertebrate somatic cells has been assumed to be the consequence of their nucleation from centrosomes. Contrary to this simple view, in this article we show that an antibody recognizing the light intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein (70.1) disrupts both the focused organization of microtubule minus ends and the localization of the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein at spindle poles when injected into cultured cells during metaphase, despite the presence of centrosomes. Examination of the effects of this dynein-specific antibody both
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Fujinami, N., Y. Hosoi, H. Kato, et al. "313 EFFECTS OF ETHANOL TREATMENT AFTER INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) ON SPERM AFTER FORMATION AND THE MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION OF BOVINE OOCYTES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab313.

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The cleavage rate of bovine embryos is very low without activation of oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), although both male and female pronuclei are formed. We previously reported that the stimulus due to the injected sperm alone was sufficient to lower the MPF activity of bovine oocytes after ICSI, and the activation treatment of oocytes with ethanol at 4 h after ICSI served to maintain the low levels of MPF activity until the next cell cycle started (Fujinami et al. 2004 J. Reprod. Dev. 50, 171–178). These results suggested that activation treatment is necessary to improv
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Harris, P. J., and B. P. Rubin. "Transition from mitosis to interphase in sea urchin first division: immunofluorescence studies of tubulin distribution in methacrylate sections." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 3 (1987): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.3.3546483.

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Previous immunofluorescence studies of microtubule distribution in fertilized sea urchin eggs have suffered from poor resolution caused by cell thickness, unavoidable artifacts resulting from excessive flattening, or extraction by detergents of membranes and other lipid-containing structures that may be of interest in relation to the microtubules. To avoid these difficulties, we have developed a fixation and embedding protocol based on buffered paraformaldehyde fixation and butyl-methyl methacrylate embedment, which allows immunofluorescence staining of 0.5-1 micron sections. Polymerization ar
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Nédélec, François. "Computer simulations reveal motor properties generating stable antiparallel microtubule interactions." Journal of Cell Biology 158, no. 6 (2002): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200202051.

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An aster of microtubules is a set of flexible polar filaments with dynamic plus ends that irradiate from a common location at which the minus ends of the filaments are found. Processive soluble oligomeric motor complexes can bind simultaneously to two microtubules, and thus exert forces between two asters. Using computer simulations, I have explored systematically the possible steady-state regimes reached by two asters under the action of various kinds of oligomeric motors. As expected, motor complexes can induce the asters to fuse, for example when the complexes consist only of minus end–dire
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35

Kobayashi, Toshihiro, Kazue Amemiya, Kana Takeuchi, et al. "Contribution of spermatozoal centrosomes to the microtubule-organizing centre in Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)." Zygote 14, no. 1 (2006): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199406003522.

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Using an interspecies microinsemination assay with bovine oocytes, it was examined whether centrosomes of Antarctic minke whale spermatozoa function as the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC). Bull and rat spermatozoa were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Vitrified-warmed bovine mature oocytes were subjected to immunostaining against α-tubulin 4–6 h after intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) of 5 mM dithiothreitol-treated spermatozoa. Aster formation occurred from whale spermatozoa (33%) and bull spermatozoa (33%), but very little from rat spermatozoa (3%). Activation treatm
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Kim, Bong-Ki, Youn-Jeong Lee, Xiang-Shun Cui, and Nam-Hyung Kim. "Chromatin and microtubule organisation in maturing and pre-activated porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection." Zygote 10, no. 2 (2002): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199402002174.

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Chromatin and microtubule organisation was determined in maturing and activated porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection in order to obtain insights into the nature of sperm chromatin decondensation and microtubule nucleation activity. Sperm chromatin was slightly decondensed at 8 h following injection into germinal vesicle stage oocytes. Sperm-derived microtubules were not seen in these oocytes. Following injection into metaphase I (MI)-stage oocytes, sperm chromatin went to metaphase in most cases. A meiotic-like spindle was seen in the sperm metaphase chromatin. In a few M
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Zhu, Jie, Anton Burakov, Vladimir Rodionov, and Alex Mogilner. "Finding the Cell Center by a Balance of Dynein and Myosin Pulling and Microtubule Pushing: A Computational Study." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 24 (2010): 4418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0627.

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The centrosome position in many types of interphase cells is actively maintained in the cell center. Our previous work indicated that the centrosome is kept at the center by pulling force generated by dynein and actin flow produced by myosin contraction and that an unidentified factor that depends on microtubule dynamics destabilizes position of the centrosome. Here, we use modeling to simulate the centrosome positioning based on the idea that the balance of three forces—dyneins pulling along microtubule length, myosin-powered centripetal drag, and microtubules pushing on organelles—is respons
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38

Ems-McClung, Stephanie C., Kathleen M. Hertzer, Xin Zhang, Mill W. Miller, and Claire E. Walczak. "The Interplay of the N- and C-Terminal Domains of MCAK Control Microtubule Depolymerization Activity and Spindle Assembly." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 1 (2007): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-08-0724.

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Spindle assembly and accurate chromosome segregation require the proper regulation of microtubule dynamics. MCAK, a Kinesin-13, catalytically depolymerizes microtubules, regulates physiological microtubule dynamics, and is the major catastrophe factor in egg extracts. Purified GFP-tagged MCAK domain mutants were assayed to address how the different MCAK domains contribute to in vitro microtubule depolymerization activity and physiological spindle assembly activity in egg extracts. Our biochemical results demonstrate that both the neck and the C-terminal domain are necessary for robust in vitro
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SAKAUSHI, Shinji, Kaori SENDA-MURATA, Shigenori OKA, and Kenji SUGIMOTO. "Visualization of Aberrant Perinuclear Microtubule Aster Organization by Microtubule-Destabilizing Agents." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 73, no. 5 (2009): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.80754.

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40

Hamaguchi, Y., M. Toriyama, H. Sakai, and Y. Hiramoto. "Distribution of fluorescently labeled tubulin injected into sand dollar eggs from fertilization through cleavage." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 4 (1985): 1262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.4.1262.

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Porcine brain tubulin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was able to polymerize by itself and co-polymerize with tubulin purified from starfish sperm flagella. When we injected the FITC-labeled tubulin into unfertilized eggs of the sand dollar, Clypeaster japonicus, and the eggs were then fertilized, the labeled tubulin was incorporated into the sperm aster. When injected into fertilized eggs at streak stage, the tubulin was quickly incorporated into each central region of growing asters. It was clearly visualized that the labeled tubulin, upon reaching metaphase, accumulated in th
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Stefanovic, Sandra, Miriam Windsor, Koh-ici Nagata, Masaki Inagaki, and Thomas Wileman. "Vimentin Rearrangement during African Swine Fever Virus Infection Involves Retrograde Transport along Microtubules and Phosphorylation of Vimentin by Calcium Calmodulin Kinase II." Journal of Virology 79, no. 18 (2005): 11766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.18.11766-11775.2005.

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ABSTRACT African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection leads to rearrangement of vimentin into a cage surrounding virus factories. Vimentin rearrangement in cells generally involves phosphorylation of N-terminal domains of vimentin by cellular kinases to facilitate disassembly and transport of vimentin filaments on microtubules. Here, we demonstrate that the first stage in vimentin rearrangement during ASFV infection involves a microtubule-dependent concentration of vimentin into an “aster” within virus assembly sites located close to the microtubule organizing center. The aster may play a struct
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42

Gundersen, G. G., S. Khawaja, and J. C. Bulinski. "Postpolymerization detyrosination of alpha-tubulin: a mechanism for subcellular differentiation of microtubules." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 1 (1987): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.1.251.

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Tyrosinated (Tyr) and detyrosinated (Glu) alpha-tubulin, species interconverted by posttranslational modification, are largely segregated in separate populations of microtubules in interphase cultured cells. We sought to understand how distinct Tyr and Glu microtubules are generated in vivo, by examining time-dependent alterations in Tyr and Glu tubulin levels (by immunoblots probed with antibodies specific for each species) and distributions (by immunofluorescence) after microtubule regrowth and stabilization. When microtubules were allowed to regrow after complete depolymerization by microtu
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Kim, N. H., M. R. Shin, and S. H. Park. "47BOVINE OOCYTE CYTOPLASM SUPPORTS NUCLEAR REMODELING BUT NOT REPROGRAMMING OF MURINE FIBROBLASTS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab47.

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Nuclear transfer (NT) is used to elucidate fundamental biological functions such as cell differentiation reversibility and interactions between the cytoplasm and nucleus. In the present study, we compared nuclear and microtubule dynamics in bovine oocytes following NT of bovine and murine fibroblast cells. To clarify the nuclear reprogramming procedures, we additionally examined the expression of development-related genes (Octamer-binding transcription factors, Oct-4; E-cadherin, E-cad) and housekeeping genes (Heat shock protein 70.1, Hsp; Bos taurus apoptosis regulator box-a, Bax; Glucose tra
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Houliston, E., D. Carre, J. A. Johnston, and C. Sardet. "Axis establishment and microtubule-mediated waves prior to first cleavage in Beroe ovata." Development 117, no. 1 (1993): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.117.1.75.

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The single axis (oral-aboral) and two planes of symmetry of the ctenophore Beroe ovata become established with respect to the position of zygote nucleus formation and the orientation of first cleavage. Bisection of Beroe eggs at different times revealed that differences in egg organisation are established in relation to the presumptive oral-aboral axis before first cleavage. Lateral fragments produced after but not before the time of first mitosis developed into larvae lacking comb-plates on one side. Time-lapse video demonstrated that waves of cytoplasmic reorganisation spread through the lay
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45

Żyłkiewicz, Eliza, Monika Kijańska, Won-Chan Choi, Urszula Derewenda, Zygmunt S. Derewenda, and P. Todd Stukenberg. "The N-terminal coiled-coil of Ndel1 is a regulated scaffold that recruits LIS1 to dynein." Journal of Cell Biology 192, no. 3 (2011): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201011142.

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Ndel1 has been implicated in a variety of dynein-related processes, but its specific function is unclear. Here we describe an experimental approach to evaluate a role of Ndel1 in dynein-dependent microtubule self-organization using Ran-mediated asters in meiotic Xenopus egg extracts. We demonstrate that extracts depleted of Ndel1 are unable to form asters and that this defect can be rescued by the addition of recombinant N-terminal coiled-coil domain of Ndel1. Ndel1-dependent microtubule self-organization requires an interaction between Ndel1 and dynein, which is mediated by the dimerization f
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46

Huang, Shu-Ching, Eva S. Liu, Siu-Hong Chan, et al. "Mitotic Regulation of Protein 4.1R Involves Phosphorylation by cdc2 Kinase." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 1 (2005): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-05-0426.

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The nonerythrocyte isoform of the cytoskeletal protein 4.1R (4.1R) is associated with morphologically dynamic structures during cell division and has been implicated in mitotic spindle function. In this study, we define important 4.1R isoforms expressed in interphase and mitotic cells by RT-PCR and mini-cDNA library construction. Moreover, we show that 4.1R is phosphorylated by p34cdc2kinase on residues Thr60 and Ser679 in a mitosis-specific manner. Phosphorylated 4.1R135isoform(s) associate with tubulin and Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus protein (NuMA) in intact HeLa cells in vivo as well as with
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47

Maryshev, Ivan, Alexander Morozov, Andrew B. Goryachev, and Davide Marenduzzo. "Pattern formation in active model C with anchoring: bands, aster networks, and foams." Soft Matter 16, no. 38 (2020): 8775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00927j.

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48

Ookata, K., S. Hisanaga, J. C. Bulinski, et al. "Cyclin B interaction with microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) targets p34cdc2 kinase to microtubules and is a potential regulator of M-phase microtubule dynamics." Journal of Cell Biology 128, no. 5 (1995): 849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.128.5.849.

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We previously demonstrated (Ookata et al., 1992, 1993) that the p34cdc2/cyclin B complex associates with microtubules in the mitotic spindle and premeiotic aster in starfish oocytes, and that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) might be responsible for this interaction. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which p34cdc2 kinase associates with the microtubule cytoskeleton in primate tissue culture cells whose major MAP is known to be MAP4. Double staining of primate cells with anti-cyclin B and anti-MAP4 antibodies demonstrated these two antigens were colocalized on microtubu
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49

Jin, Yong-Xun, Xiang-Shun Cui, Xian-Feng Yu, et al. "Cat fertilization by mouse sperm injection." Zygote 20, no. 4 (2011): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199411000451.

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SummaryInterspecies intracytoplasmic sperm injection has been carried out to understand species-specific differences in oocyte environments and sperm components during fertilization. While sperm aster organization during cat fertilization requires a paternally derived centriole, mouse and hamster fertilization occur within the maternal centrosomal components. To address the questions of where sperm aster assembly occurs and whether complete fertilization is achieved in cat oocytes by interspecies sperm, we studied the fertilization processes of cat oocytes following the injection of cat, mouse
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50

Nédélec, François, and Thomas Surrey. "Dynamics of microtubule aster formation by motor complexes." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics-Astrophysics 2, no. 6 (2001): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1296-2147(01)01227-6.

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