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Soltani, Nader, Christy Shropshire und Peter Sikkema. „Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, Nr. 6 (01.11.2011): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-035.
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Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2011. Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1061–1064. Four field trials were conducted from 2007 to 2010 in Ontario to evaluate the effect of various manganese (Mn) formulations (Mn1, Ecoman 5% Mn; Mn2, MangaMax 5.5% Mn; Mn3, ManMax 5.5% Mn; Mn4, Superman 5% Mn; Mn5, Stoller This 5% Mn; Mn6, Nortrace 6% Mn-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate); Mn7, Nortrace 22% Mn and Mn8, WolfTrax 33% Mn) applied at 2.0 kg actual Mn ha−1 on glyphosate efficacy at 900 g a.e. ha−1 in glyphosate-resistant soybean. The tank mix of glyphosate plus Mn4, Mn6 or Mn8 caused as much as 6, 17 and 4% injury in soybean, respectively. There was minimal crop injury (0–1.4%) with other Mn tank mixes. The addition of Mn4 or Mn6 to glyphosate did not antagonize glyphosate efficacy on the weeds evaluated (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI). The other Mn formulations antagonized glyphosate efficacy for the control of AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL or SETVI under some environments. The addition of Mn3 or Mn6 to glyphosate reduced soybean yield as much as 15 and 10% compared with glyphosate alone, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that glyphosate and manganese applications be applied sequentially to avoid weed control antagonism and maximize soybean yield.
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Babu, Karthik Sajith, Dylan Zhe Liu und Jayendra K. Amamcharla. „Application of Micro- and Nano-Bubbles as a Tool to Improve the Rheological and Microstructural Properties of Formulated Greek-Style Yogurts“. Foods 11, Nr. 4 (21.02.2022): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040619.
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The objective of this study was to develop an alternative novel process technology for enhancing the rheological and functional properties of Greek-style yogurt (GSY). The GSY was formulated and prepared in the lab using micellar casein concentrate as a source of protein to achieve a protein content of 10% (w/w). The changes in physicochemical, microstructural, rheological, and functional properties of control (C-GSY) and micro- and nano-bubbles-treated GSY (MNB-GSY) were studied and compared before and after storage for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Before storage, the apparent viscosity at 100 s−1 (η100) was 1.09 Pa·s for C-GSY and 0.71 Pa·s for MNB-GSY. Incorporation of MNBs into GSY significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the η100 by 30% on 1 week of storage. Additionally, the η100 of MNB-GSY was lesser than C-GSY on week 2, 3, and 4 of storage. Notable microstructural changes and significant rheological differences were observed between the C-GSY and MNB-GSY samples. Differences were also noticed in syneresis, which was lower for the MNB-GSY compared with the control. Overall, the incorporation of MNBs into GSY showed considerable improvements in rheological and functional properties. Additionally, it’s a simple, cost-effective process to implement in existing GSY production plants.
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Paste, Rohan, Syed Ali Abbas, Anupriya Singh, Hong-Cheu Lin und Chih Wei Chu. „(Digital Presentation) Stable Passivation Layer of Oxygen Deficient α-MoO3-X Nanobelts Suppress Li Dendrites to Achieve High-Capacity Li-S Battery“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 4 (07.07.2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-014517mtgabs.
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The high energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered promising energy storage devices for future development. The Li metal reacts with electrolyte and forms an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), such SEI break down upon cycles and exposes fresh Li metal to the electrolyte which further initiate the growth of Li dendrites. The Li dendrites eventually penetrate the separator and can cause catastrophic battery failure. To suppress the growth of Li dendrites, we have formed a passivation layer on Li metal anode by using oxygen-deficient α-MoO3 nanobelts (MNBs) via a simple spray coating method. The MNBs were synthesized by simple ball milling method. The porous net-like interconnected structure formed by MNBs accommodates the excess Li, provides shorter diffusion pathways to Li+ ions and avoids the dendritic growth and pulverization of SEI. The Li-Li symmetrical cells with MNBs coated Li electrodes (MNB-Li) operated at current density of 1 mA cm–2 with a deposition capacity of 1 mAh cm–2 shows lower overpotential (~30 mV) than the cells with pristine Li (~45mV) after 100 hours of cycling. Oxygen vacancies present on the surface of MNBs act as shallow donors and boost carrier concentration, resulting in increased surface conductivity. The MNB-Li paired up with sulfur expanded graphite (SEG) cathode and activated expanded graphite (AEG) coated separator offers ~1077 mAh g-1 initial capacity at 0.5C (1C=1600 mAh g-1) and ~99 % coulombic efficiency for 100 cycles. Figure 1
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Uddin, Mohy, Rozy Dhanta, Thejkiran Pitti, Diana Barsasella, Jeremiah Scholl, Wen-Shan Jian, Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li, Min-Huei Hsu und Shabbir Syed-Abdul. „Incidence and Mortality of Malignant Brain Tumors after 20 Years of Mobile Use“. Cancers 15, Nr. 13 (04.07.2023): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133492.
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(1) Objective: This population-based study was performed to examine the trends of incidence and deaths due to malignant neoplasm of the brain (MNB) in association with mobile phone usage for a period of 20 years (January 2000–December 2019) in Taiwan. (2) Methods: Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and joinpoint regression analysis were used to examine the trends of incidence of MNB and deaths due to MNB in association with mobile phone usage. (3) Results: The findings indicate a trend of increase in the number of mobile phone users over the study period, accompanied by a slight rise in the incidence and death rates of MNB. The compound annual growth rates further support these observations, highlighting consistent growth in mobile phone users and a corresponding increase in MNB incidences and deaths. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest a weaker association between the growing number of mobile phone users and the rising rates of MNB, and no significant correlation was observed between MNB incidences and deaths and mobile phone usage. Ultimately, it is important to acknowledge that conclusive results cannot be drawn at this stage and further investigation is required by considering various other confounding factors and potential risks to obtain more definitive findings and a clearer picture.
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Jiang, Yandong, Fang Ping Bao, Yafen Liang, William R. Kimball, Yanhong Liu, Warren M. Zapol und Robert M. Kacmarek. „Effectiveness of Breathing through Nasal and Oral Routes in Unconscious Apneic Adult Human Subjects“. Anesthesiology 115, Nr. 1 (01.07.2011): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31821d6c69.
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Background The authors hypothesized that mouth ventilation by a resuscitator via the nasal route ensures a more patent airway and more effective ventilation than does ventilation via the oral route and therefore would be the optimal manner to ventilate adult patients in emergencies, such as during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. They tested the hypothesis by comparing the effectiveness of mouth-to-nose breathing (MNB) and mouth-to-mouth breathing (MMB) in anesthetized, apneic, adult subjects without muscle paralysis. Methods Twenty subjects under general anesthesia randomly received MMB and MNB with their heads placed first in a neutral position and then an extended position. A single operator performed MNB and MMB at the target breathing rate of 10 breaths/min, inspiratory:expiratory ratio 1:2 and peak inspiratory airway pressure 24 cm H₂O. A plethysmograph was used to measure the amplitude change during MMB and MNB. The inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes during MMB and MNB were calculated retrospectively using the calibration curve. Results All data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges). The rates of effective ventilation (expired volume > estimated anatomic dead space) during MNB and MMB were 91.1% (42.4-100%) and 43.1% (42.5-100%) (P < 0.001), and expired tidal volume with MMB 130.5 ml (44.0-372.8 ml) was significantly lower than with MNB 324.5 ml (140.8-509.0 ml), regardless of the head position (P < 0.001). Conclusions Direct mouth ventilation delivered exclusively via the nose is significantly more effective than that delivered via the mouth in anesthetized, apneic adult subjects without muscle paralysis. Additional studies are needed to establish whether using this breathing technique during emergency situations will improve patient outcomes.
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Wang, Huakai, Pan Yang, Longxian Li, Nan Zhang und Yongxi Ma. „Effects of Sources or Formulations of Vitamin K3 on Its Stability during Extrusion or Pelleting in Swine Feed“. Animals 11, Nr. 3 (27.02.2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030633.
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Two studies were conducted to determine the stability of vitamin K3 (VK3) in swine diets during extrusion or pelleting. The two sources were menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) and menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB), and the three formulations were crystal micro-capsule formulation and micro-sphere formulation. The recovery of six types of VK3 in swine diets was investigated after extrusion at 100 °C or 135 °C in Experiment 1. The recovery of six types of VK3 was investigated when the diets were pelleted at 60 °C (low temperature; LT) or 80 °C (high temperature; HT) and the length to diameter ratios were 5.2:1 (low length to diameter ratio; LR) or 7.2:1 (high length to diameter ratio; HR) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, MNB recovery (72.74%) was higher than MSB recovery (64.67%) after extrusion, while recovery of VK3 of crystal (74.16%) was higher than the recovery of micro-capsule (65.25%) and micro-sphere (66.72%). The recovery of VK3 (70.88%) was higher when extruded at 100 °C than that at 135 °C (66.54%). In Experiment 2, MNB recovery (86.21%) was higher than MSB recovery (75.49%) after pelleting, while the recovery of VK3 of micro-capsule (85.06%) was higher than the recovery of crystal (81.40%) and micro-sphere (76.09%). The recovery of VK3 (75.50%) was lower after HTHR pelleting than LTLR (83.62%), LTHR (81.52%) or HTLR (82.76%) treatment. Our results show that MNB has greater stability than MSB. VK3 of crystal or VK3 of micro-capsule were recommended for extrusion or pelleting, respectively.
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Breton, Marie-Claude, Liping Huang, Sonya J. Snedecor, Noelle Cornelio und Fiorella Fanton-Aita. „Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for vaccination of adolescents against serogroup B IMD with the MenB-FHbp vaccine in Canada“. Canadian Journal of Public Health 111, Nr. 2 (06.01.2020): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00275-4.
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Abstract Objective Serogroup B meningococci (MnB) are now the largest cause of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Canada. We assessed the clinical and economic impact of 3 adolescent MenB-FHbp immunization strategies. Methods A population-based dynamic transmission model was developed to simulate the transmission of MnB among the entire Canadian population over a 30-year time horizon. Age group-based IMD incidence, bacterial carriage and transmission, disease outcomes, costs, and impact on quality of life were obtained from Canadian surveillance data and published literature. The vaccine was assumed to provide 85% protection against IMD and 26.6% against carriage acquisition. The model estimated the impact of routine vaccination with MenB-FHbp in 3 strategies: (1) age 14, along with existing school-based programs, with 75% uptake; (2) age 17 with 75% uptake, assuming school vaccination; and (3) age 17 with 30% uptake, assuming vaccination outside of school. Costs were calculated from the Canadian societal perspective. Results With no vaccination, an estimated 3974 MnB cases would be expected over 30 years. Vaccination with strategies 1–3 were estimated to avert 688, 1033, and 575 cases, respectively. These outcomes were associated with incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year of $976,000, $685,000, and $490,000. Conclusions Our model indicated that if the vaccine reduces risk of carriage acquisition, vaccination of older adolescents, even at lower uptake, could have a significant public health impact. Due to low disease incidence, MnB vaccination is unlikely to meet widely accepted cost-effectiveness thresholds, but evaluations of new programs should consider the overall benefits of the vaccination.
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Finnsson, Johannes, Jimmy Sundblom, Niklas Dahl, Atle Melberg und Raili Raininko. „L MNB 1‐related autosomal‐dominant leukodystrophy: Clinical and radiological course“. Annals of Neurology 78, Nr. 3 (27.07.2015): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.24452.
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Wang, Huakai, Pan Yang, Longxian Li, Nan Zhang, Yongxi Ma und Xuexin Xu. „Effects of Sources and Forms of Vitamin K3 on Its Storage Stability in Vitamin Premixes or Vitamin Trace Mineral Premixes“. Animals 11, Nr. 4 (16.04.2021): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041140.
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Six types of vitamin K3 (VK3); two sources (menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB; menadione nicotinamide bisulfite, MNB), and three different forms (crystal, micro-capsule, and micro-sphere) were used to determine the retention of VK3 in vitamin premixes (Experiment 1) or vitamin trace mineral (VTM) premixes (Experiment 2) after 1, 2, 3, and 6 months of storage. The retention of VK3 in vitamin premixes was evaluated at 25 °C/60% relative humidity or 40 °C/75% relative humidity in an incubator in Experiment 1 and in VTM premixes (choline chloride: 0 vs. 16,000 mg/kg) stored at room temperature in Experiment 2. The VK3 retention in vitamin premix or VTM premix decreased significantly with the extension of storage time (p < 0.05). In Experiment 1, the VK3 retention was higher in the 25 °C/60% incubator (56%) than in the 40 °C/75% incubator (28%). The MNB retention (52%) was higher than MSB retention (32%). The retention of VK3 in micro-capsules (43%) or micro-spheres (48%) was higher than the crystal form (35%) after six months of storage. In Experiment 2, there was no difference between the retention of MSB (49%) or MNB (47%). The retention of VK3 of micro-capsule (51%) or micro-sphere (54%) was higher than that of crystal form (40%). The VK3 retention was higher in the choline-free group (51%) than in the choline group (47%) after six months of storage. Finally, the predicted equations of VK3 retention with storage time in vitamin premixes or VTM premixes were established. The R2 of the prediction equations was ≥0.9005, indicating that time is an important factor in predicting VK3 retention. In conclusion, the higher temperature-relative humidity, choline had negative effects on VK3 retention during premix storage. MNB retention was higher than MSB during storage of vitamin premix. The encapsulated forms of VK3, micro-capsules and micro-spheres, could improve VK3 storage stability in vitamin premix and VTM premix.
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Handayani, Istika Sri, BIM Tampubolon, A. Subrata, RI Pujaningsih und W. Widiyanto. „Evaluasi Organoleptik Multinutrien Blok yang dibuat dengan Menggunakan Metode Dingin pada Perbedaan Aras Molases“. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 17, Nr. 3 (30.12.2019): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.17.3.64-68.
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This research aimed to evaluated and assessed the effect of the molasses level on organoleptic quality of multinutrient block (MnB). The materials used were corn forage, bentonite, urea, salt, molasses, water, blood clamshell and egg shells. The experimental designed used was a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments (T0 = MnB Formulation T0 + 0% of molasses, T1 = MnB Formulation T1 + 20% of molasses, T2 = MnB Formulation T2 + 35% of molases, and T3 = MnB Formulation T3 + 50% of molasses) and 4 replications. The variables observed were moisture content, texture, colored and aroma of MnB. The results showed that the addition of molasses had significantly (P <0.05) improved of MnB organoleptic quality. The conclusion for the study, that the multinutrient block formulation with 50% molasses resulted the best organoleptic quality.
Key words: molasses, multinutrient block, organoleptic quality
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Toharmat T, Nurasih E, Nazilah R, Hotimah N, Noerzihad TQ, Sigit NA & Retnani Y. 2005. Sifat fisik pakan kaya serat dan pengaruhnya terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien ransum pada kambing. Media Peternakan. 29 (3): 146 – 154
Triyanto E, Prasetiyono BWHE & Mukodiningsih S. 2013. Pengaruh bahan pengemas dan lama simpan terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimia wafer pakan komplit berbasis limbah agroindustri. Jurnal Animal Agriculture. 2 (1): 400 – 409.
Warsy, Chadijah S & Rustiah W. 2016. Optimalisasi kalsium karbonat dari cangkang telur untuk produksi pasta komposit. Al-Kimia. 4 (2): 86 - 97
Widiastuti R. 2013. Kualitas pellet berbasis sisa pangan foodcourt dan limbah sayuran fermentasi sebagai bahan pakan fungsional ayam broiler. [tesis] Semarang (ID): Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro
Yusmadi, Nahrowi & Ridla M. 2008. Kajian mutu dan palatabilitas silase dan hay ransum komplit berbasis sampah organik primer pada kambing Peranakan Etawah. Agripet. 8 (1): 31 – 38.
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Winarso, Gathot, und Yennie Marini. „MODIS STANDARD (OC3) CHLOROPHYLL-A ALGORITHM EVALUATION IN INDONESIAN SEAS“. International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 11, Nr. 1 (12.04.2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2014.v11.a2597.
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The MODIS-estimated chlorophyll-a information was widely used in some operational application in Indonesia. However, there is no information about the performance of MODIS chlorophyll-a in Indonesian seas and there is no data used in development of algorithm was taken in Indonesian seas. Even the algorithm was validated in other area, it is important to know the performance of the algorithm work in Indonesian seas. Performance of MODIS Standard (OC3) algorithm at Indonesian seas was analyzed in this paper. The in-situ chlorophyll-a concentration data was collected during MOMSEI (Monsoon Offset Monitoring and Its Social and Ecosystem Impact) 2012 Cruise 25th April – 12th May 2012 and also from archived data of the Research and Development Center for Marine Coastal Resources, Agency of Marine and Fisheries Research and Development, Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. The in-situ data used in this research is located in Indian Ocean the west of Sumatera part and Pacific Ocean the north of Papua Province part. Satellite data which is used is Ocean Color MODIS Level-2 Product that downloaded from NASA and MODIS L-0 from LAPAN Ground Station. MODIS Level 0 from LAPAN then processed to Level-2 using latest SeaDAS Software. The match-up resulted the MNB(%) is -4.8% that means satellite-estimated was underestimate in 4.8 % and RMSE is 0.058. When the data was separated following to the data source, the correlation and trend line equation became better. From MOMSEI Cruise data, the MNB(%) was -18.8% and RMSE 0.05. From Pacific Ocean Data, MNB (%) was -27 % and RMSE 0.049. From SONNE Cruise 2005, MNB (%) was -27 % and RMSE 0.049. MODIS standard algorithm is work well in Indonesia case-1 seawaters, which contain chlorophyll-a only, and derived that influence to the electromagnetic wave.
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Sadeli, Achmad. „APPLICATION OF IPTEKS BASED ON LOCAL FEED WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FARMER GROUP IN TUNTUNGAN II VILLAGES , PANCURBATU, DELI SERDANG REGENCY“. Journal of Saintech Transfer 2, Nr. 2 (28.04.2020): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jst.v2i2.1007.
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Deli Serdang Regency is one of the regencies in North Sumatra which has the potential for developing beef cattle consists of cattle and goats. Livestock commodities such as beef cattle and goats have indirect linkages to input-output between industries, consumption and investment. The problem faced by farmers until now is the problem of livestock productivity that still cannot be optimized. In general, optimization of livestock productivity is closely related to aspects of breeding, feeding and management. The fundamental problems faced by partners today involve providing and feeding that meets the needs of livestock as well as fast and good fattening.
The planned activities that will be carried out include: (1) Preparation of forage fermentation for animal feed, (2) Preparation of complete feed fermentation and (3) Preparation of Multi Nutrient Blocks (MNB). The details of the output of the program produced include: 1) Mastering fermentation-based agricultural and plantation waste processing technology 2) Extension services and assistance to increase productivity of beef cattle 3) Independence of farmers in processing cassava chips industrial waste as animal feed to improve their quality and availability in the form of products fermented feed and complete feed 4) Mastering livestock supplement making technology in the form of Multi Nutrien Block (MNB) 5) Guidebooks, leaflets, seminars and scientific publications.
The result of this service, farmers can make fermented feed, complete feed and multi nutrient blocks (MNB) well. The conclusion of this service needs further service by utilizing other local food waste sources so that farmers have more choices of feed given to their livestock.
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Kinstrie, Ross, Pamela A. Lochhead, Gary Sibbet, Nick Morrice und Vaughn Cleghon. „dDYRK2 and Minibrain interact with the chromatin remodelling factors SNR1 and TRX“. Biochemical Journal 398, Nr. 1 (27.07.2006): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060159.
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The DYRKs (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases) are a conserved family of protein kinases that autophosphorylate a tyrosine residue in their activation loop by an intra-molecular mechanism and phosphorylate exogenous substrates on serine/threonine residues. Little is known about the identity of true substrates for DYRK family members and their binding partners. To address this question, we used full-length dDYRK2 (Drosophila DYRK2) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a Drosophila embryo cDNA library. Of 14 independent dDYRK2 interacting clones identified, three were derived from the chromatin remodelling factor, SNR1 (Snf5-related 1), and three from the essential chromatin component, TRX (trithorax). The association of dDYRK2 with SNR1 and TRX was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Deletion analysis showed that the C-terminus of dDYRK2 modulated the interaction with SNR1 and TRX. DYRK family member MNB (Minibrain) was also found to co-precipitate with SNR1 and TRX, associations that did not require the C-terminus of the molecule. dDYRK2 and MNB were also found to phosphorylate SNR1 at Thr102in vitro and in vivo. This phosphorylation required the highly conserved DH-box (DYRK homology box) of dDYRK2, whereas the DH-box was not essential for phosphorylation by MNB. This is the first instance of phosphorylation of SNR1 or any of its homologues and implicates the DYRK family of kinases with a role in chromatin remodelling.
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Adayev, Tatyana, Mo-Chou Chen-Hwang, Noriko Murakami, Rong Wang und Yu-Wen Hwang. „MNB/DYRK1A phosphorylation regulates the interactions of synaptojanin 1 with endocytic accessory proteins“. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 351, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2006): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.169.
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Huang, Yu, Mo-Chou Chen-Hwang, Georgia Dolios, Noriko Murakami, Júlio C. Padovan, Rong Wang und Yu-Wen Hwang. „Mnb/Dyrk1A Phosphorylation Regulates the Interaction of Dynamin 1 with SH3 Domain-Containing Proteins†“. Biochemistry 43, Nr. 31 (August 2004): 10173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi036060+.
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Jiang, Yandong, Yafen Liang und Robert M. Kacmarek. „The principle of upper airway unidirectional flow facilitates breathing in humans“. Journal of Applied Physiology 105, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90599.2008.
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Upper airway unidirectional breathing, nose in and mouth out, is used by panting dogs to facilitate heat removal via water evaporation from the respiratory system. Why some humans instinctively employ the same breathing pattern during respiratory distress is still open to question. We hypothesized that 1) humans unconsciously perform unidirectional breathing because it improves breathing efficiency, 2) such an improvement is achieved by bypassing upper airway dead space, and 3) the magnitude of the improvement is inversely proportional to the tidal volume. Four breathing patterns were performed in random order in 10 healthy volunteers first with normal breathing effort, then with variable tidal volumes: mouth in and mouth out (MMB); nose in and nose out (NNB); nose in and mouth out (NMB); and mouth in and nose out (MNB). We found that unidirectional breathing bypasses anatomical dead space and improves breathing efficiency. At tidal volumes of ∼380 ml, the functional anatomical dead space during NMB (81 ± 31 ml) or MNB (101 ± 20 ml) was significantly lower than that during MMB (148 ± 15 ml) or NNB (130 ± 13 ml) (all P < 0.001), and the breathing efficiency obtained with NMB (78 ± 9%) or MNB (73 ± 6%) was significantly higher than that with MMB (61 ± 6%) or NNB (66 ± 3%) (all P < 0.001). The improvement in breathing efficiency increased as tidal volume decreased. Unidirectional breathing results in a significant reduction in functional anatomical dead space and improvement in breathing efficiency. We suggest this may be the reason that such a breathing pattern is preferred during respiratory distress.
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Pesch, Beate, Swaantje Casjens, Tobias Weiss, Benjamin Kendzia, Marina Arendt, Lewin Eisele, Thomas Behrens et al. „Occupational Exposure to Manganese and Fine Motor Skills in Elderly Men: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study“. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 61, Nr. 9 (07.10.2017): 1118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx076.
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Abstract Objectives Exposure to manganese (Mn) may cause movement disorders, but less is known whether the effects persist after the termination of exposure. This study investigated the association between former exposure to Mn and fine motor deficits in elderly men from an industrial area with steel production. Methods Data on the occupational history and fine motor tests were obtained from the second follow-up of the prospective Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (2011–2014). The study population included 1232 men (median age 68 years). Mn in blood (MnB) was determined in archived samples (2000–2003). The association between Mn exposure (working as welder or in other at-risk occupations, cumulative exposure to inhalable Mn, MnB) with various motor functions (errors in line tracing, steadiness, or aiming and tapping hits) was investigated with Poisson and logistic regression, adjusted for iron status and other covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for substantially impaired dexterity (errors >90th percentile, tapping hits <10th percentile). Results The median of cumulative exposure to inhalable Mn was 58 µg m–3 years in 322 men who ever worked in at-risk occupations. Although we observed a partly better motor performance of exposed workers at group level, we found fewer tapping hits in men with cumulative Mn exposure >184.8 µg m–3 years (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.17–3.94). MnB ≥ 15 µg l–1, serum ferritin ≥ 400 µg l–1, and gamma-glutamyl transferase ≥74 U l–1 were associated with a greater number of errors in line tracing. Conclusions We found evidence that exposure to inhalable Mn may carry a risk for dexterity deficits. Whether these deficits can be exclusively attributed to Mn remains to be elucidated, as airborne Mn is strongly correlated with iron in metal fumes, and high ferritin was also associated with errors in line tracing. Furthermore, hand training effects must be taken into account when testing for fine motor skills.
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Nafis, Ahmed, Anas Raklami, Noura Bechtaoui, Fatima El Khalloufi, Abdelkhalek El Alaoui, Bernard R. Glick, Mohamed Hafidi, Lamfeddal Kouisni, Yedir Ouhdouch und Lahcen Hassani. „Actinobacteria from Extreme Niches in Morocco and Their Plant Growth-Promoting Potentials“. Diversity 11, Nr. 8 (20.08.2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11080139.
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The objectives of this study were to assess actinobacterial diversity in five Moroccan extreme habitats and to evaluate their plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities. The soil samples were collected from different locations, including soils contaminated with heavy metals, from a high altitude site, from the desert, and from a marine environment. In total, 23 actinobacteria were isolated, 8 from Merzouga sand soil; 5 from Cannabis sativa rhizospheric soil; 5 from Toubkal mountain; 4 from a Draa sfar mining site; and 1 from marine soil. Based on their genotypic classification using 16S rRNA gene sequences, 19 of all belonged to the genus Streptomyces (82%) while the rest are the members of the genera Nocardioides (4.5%), Saccharomonospora (4.5%), Actinomadura (4.5%), and Prauserella (4.5%). Isolates Streptomyces sp. TNC-1 and Streptomyces sp. MNC-1 showed the highest level of phosphorus solubilization activity with 12.39 and 8.56 mg/mL, respectively. All 23 isolates were able to solubilize potassium, and 91% of them could grow under nitrogen-free conditions. The ability of the isolated actinobacteria to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ranged from 6.70 to 75.54 μg/mL with Streptomyces sp. MNC-1 being the best IAA producer. In addition, all of the actinobacteria could produce siderophores, with Saccharomonospora sp. LNS-1 synthesizing the greatest amount (138.92 μg/mL). Principal coordinate analysis revealed that Streptomyces spp. MNC-1, MNT-1, MNB-2, and KNC-5; Saccharomonospora sp. LNS-1; and Nocardioides sp. KNC-3 each showed a variety of high-level plant growth-promoting activities. The extreme environments in Morocco are rich with bioactive actinobacteria that possess a variety of plant growth-promoting potentials that can further benefit green and sustainable agriculture.
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Zhou, Nan-Qing, Dong-Feng Liu, Di Min, Lei Cheng, Xue-Na Huang, Li-Jiao Tian, Dao-Bo Li und Han-Qing Yu. „Continuous degradation of ciprofloxacin in a manganese redox cycling system driven by Pseudomonas putida MnB-1“. Chemosphere 211 (November 2018): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.117.
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Hu, Jianlin, Xun Li, Lin Huang, Qi Ying, Qiang Zhang, Bin Zhao, Shuxiao Wang und Hongliang Zhang. „Ensemble prediction of air quality using the WRF/CMAQ model system for health effect studies in China“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, Nr. 21 (07.11.2017): 13103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017.
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Abstract. Accurate exposure estimates are required for health effect analyses of severe air pollution in China. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used to provide spatial distribution, chemical composition, particle size fractions, and source origins of air pollutants. The accuracy of air quality predictions in China is greatly affected by the uncertainties of emission inventories. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with meteorological inputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were used in this study to simulate air pollutants in China in 2013. Four simulations were conducted with four different anthropogenic emission inventories, including the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), the Emission Inventory for China by School of Environment at Tsinghua University (SOE), the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and the Regional Emission inventory in Asia version 2 (REAS2). Model performance of each simulation was evaluated against available observation data from 422 sites in 60 cities across China. Model predictions of O3 and PM2.5 generally meet the model performance criteria, but performance differences exist in different regions, for different pollutants, and among inventories. Ensemble predictions were calculated by linearly combining the results from different inventories to minimize the sum of the squared errors between the ensemble results and the observations in all cities. The ensemble concentrations show improved agreement with observations in most cities. The mean fractional bias (MFB) and mean fractional errors (MFEs) of the ensemble annual PM2.5 in the 60 cities are −0.11 and 0.24, respectively, which are better than the MFB (−0.25 to −0.16) and MFE (0.26–0.31) of individual simulations. The ensemble annual daily maximum 1 h O3 (O3-1h) concentrations are also improved, with mean normalized bias (MNB) of 0.03 and mean normalized errors (MNE) of 0.14, compared to MNB of 0.06–0.19 and MNE of 0.16–0.22 of the individual predictions. The ensemble predictions agree better with observations with daily, monthly, and annual averaging times in all regions of China for both PM2.5 and O3-1h. The study demonstrates that ensemble predictions from combining predictions from individual emission inventories can improve the accuracy of predicted temporal and spatial distributions of air pollutants. This study is the first ensemble model study in China using multiple emission inventories, and the results are publicly available for future health effect studies.
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Khader, Asmaa, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Fahad Alkhathami, Hany Elsawy, Nasser Abd El-Kader, Eman Shaker, Azza Sedky und Esawy Mahmoud. „Properties of Nano-Amendments and Their Effect on Some Soil Properties and Root-Knot Nematode and Yield Attributes of Tomato Plant“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 2 (02.02.2023): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020366.
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The use of green nano-amendments is a promising approach for improving soil health and providing sustainable options to reduce root-knot nematodes (RKN) and thus increase yields. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify the characteristics of nano-amendments such as nanobiochar (nB), green nanobiochar (GnB), and magnetic nanobiochar (MnB) and their effect on the root-knot nematodes and tomato yield at levels of 3 and 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil. The results showed that the GnB and MnB contain many functional groups (such as O-H, C=C, S-H, H-C=O, C-O, and H–O–H) and minerals (such as magnetite, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, and quartz), and they also had an elevated specific surface area. The application of the investigated soil nano-amendments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and decreased the root-knot nematodes, playing a major role in increasing tomato growth. The highest significant values of OM and MBC were found in the soil amended by GnB at 6 mg kg−1, with increases of 84.7% and 71.5% as compared to the control, respectively. GnB6 significantly decreased the number of root galls, the egg mass, and number of nematodes per 250 cm3 soil by 77.67, 88.65, and 74.46%, respectively, compared to the control. Green nanobiochar was more efficient in accelerating the growth and yield components of the tomato plant. The addition of GnB is an effective strategy and an environmentally friendly technology to control plant parasitic nematodes and increase tomato yield. Therefore, the results recommend adding GnB at a rate of 6 mg kg−1 in sandy loam soil.
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Garcia, Priscila, und Jhonny Valverde Flores. „Reduction of metals in production plant's effluents by applying air Micro-Nanobubbles in a factory of Lead Acid Batteries of the district of Puente Piedra, Lima“. Journal of Nanotechnology 1, Nr. 1 (15.06.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32829/nanoj.v1i1.20.
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The Lima city has industrial areas that generate many industrial effluents that affect the public health and environment. The problem studied in a factory of Lead Acid Batteries located in Puente Piedra, Lima is, that it generates and discharges acidic wastewater (pH = 1.52). The research was experimental, at the laboratory level, to apply the treatment with Micro-Nanobubbles of air to these industrial waters, which contain metals such as Aluminum (14.967 mg / L) and Lead (4.227 mg / L), strongly acidic (pH 0.55). Then the pH was adjusted into two samples with Sodium Hydroxide 1 M until obtain acid (6.01) and basic (8.92) pH media in order to apply the Micro-Nanobubbles ( MNBs) into these samples. Micro-Nanobubbles were then generated by a device for Micro-Nanobubbles generation patented by PhD. Jhonny Valverde Flores. The air pressure was 90 PSI, the size of the MNB was 7 μm, the water flow was 4.67 L / min. Three samples (S1, S2, and S3) were dosed in 1 L each one. The volume ratio of water effluent / water with MNBs for S1 was 3/7, for S2 was 6/4 and for S3 was 7/3. The treatment lasted 8 minutes and as results of the research after applying MNBs, the Aluminum’s concentration in S1 decreased to 1,176 mg / L, in S2 decreased to 1,421 mg / L and in S3 decreased to 11,996 mg / L, achieving an efficiency of 92.14 %, 90.51% and 19.85%, respectively; And the Lead's concentration in S1 decreased to 0.264 mg / L, in S2 decreased to 0.065 mg/L and in S3 decreased to 0.116 mg / L, achieving an efficiency of 93.75%, 98.46% and 97.26%, respectively.
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Leinonen, Jussi, Jacopo Grazioli und Alexis Berne. „Reconstruction of the mass and geometry of snowfall particles from multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC) images“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, Nr. 10 (25.10.2021): 6851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6851-2021.
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Abstract. This paper presents a method named 3D-GAN, based on a generative adversarial network (GAN), to retrieve the total mass, 3D structure and the internal mass distribution of snowflakes. The method uses as input a triplet of binary silhouettes of particles, corresponding to the triplet of stereoscopic images of snowflakes in free fall captured by a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC). The 3D-GAN method is trained on simulated snowflakes of known characteristics whose silhouettes are statistically similar to real MASC observations, and it is evaluated by means of snowflake replicas printed in 3D at 1:1 scale. The estimation of mass obtained by 3D-GAN has a normalized RMSE (NRMSE) of 40 %, a mean normalized bias (MNB) of 8 % and largely outperforms standard relationships based on maximum size and compactness. The volume of the convex hull of the particles is retrieved with NRMSE of 35 % and MNB of +19 %. In order to illustrate the potential of 3D-GAN to study snowfall microphysics and highlight its complementarity with existing retrieval algorithms, some application examples and ideas are provided, using as showcases the large available datasets of MASC images collected worldwide during various field campaigns. The combination of mass estimates (from 3D-GAN) and hydrometeor classification or riming degree estimation (from independent methods) allows, for example, to obtain mass-to-size power law parameters stratified on hydrometeor type or riming degree. The parameters obtained in this way are consistent with previous findings, with exponents overall around 2 and increasing with the degree of riming.
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Tucker, K. E., und C. A. Jansen. „Disappearance or Resolution of Multinucleated Blazoners (MNB) From Day 1 Embryos Discovered During Early Cleavage (EC) Detection“. Fertility and Sterility 84 (September 2005): S460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1204.
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Karpov, P. A., und Ya B. Blume. „Plant β-tubulin phosphorylation on Ser172 as canonical suppressing factor of microtubule growth“. Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 24 (30.08.2019): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v24.1123.
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Aim. The estimation of potential role of plant β-tubulin Ser172 phosphorylation for correct function of microtubules and cell division due to selection of protein kinases, most probable associated with phosphorylation of Ser172 in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Methods. Literature and database search. Comparison of protein sequences and structures: multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic profiling, protein structure modeling, etc. Results. Comparison of Ser172 site region from all known β-tubulins from Homo sapiens, Sus scrofa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster and A. thaliana confirms its significant similarity. Joint clusterization of all Ser172 site regions (in S±10 a.a. format) reveals that plant site is most similar to Ser172±10 fragment of β-tubulin from S. cerevisiae. At the same time, sequences and catalytic domain structures of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and YAK1-related kinases (MNB/DYRK1a/YAK1) associated with Ser172 phosphorylation, found maximal similarity in A. thaliana and S. cerevisiae. Сonclusions. The results confirm similarity of amino acid environment of Ser172 in β-tubulin isotypes in human, pig, fruit fly, yeast and arabidopsis. This suggests similar effect of β-tubulin phosphorylation at Ser172 for inhibition of microtubule assembly onto their protofilaments and its association with CDK1 and YAK1-related protein kinases. Similarity of Ser172 sites and associated protein kinases, allows us to expect similar effect of this modification on structure of microtubules in A. thaliana and S. cerevisiae.
Keywords: β-tubulin, Ser172, phosphorylation, CDK1, DYRK1, MNB, YAK1.
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Thusa, Rojeena, und Sushika Mulmi. „Analysis of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities of Different Parts of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata“. Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 5, Nr. 1 (31.12.2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v5i1.18864.
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The phytochemicals and biological activities of extracts from leaves and stem of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata were carried out. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols, quinones, glycoside, flavonoid, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside in the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaf and stem of these two plants. The column chromatography of methanol extract of stem of Mahonia nepalensis resulted in isolation of four pure compounds MN1, MN2, MN3 and MN4. Out of four isolated compounds, two were identified as MN1:b- sitosterol and MN2: Berberine by comparison of melting point, Co-TLC, IR and UV spectra of authentic sample. Potent pharmacological activity of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata were revealed from antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp bioassay. Methanol extracts of stem of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata showed significant zone of inhibition of 18 mm and 21 mm respectively against the Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract of Berberis aristata were comparatively little stronger against Staphylococcus aureus than methanol extract of Mahonia nepalensis. LC50 values (μg/ml) of methanol extracts of stem of Berberis aristata and Mahonia nepalensis were found to be 8.058x10-4 and 8.3 whereas methanol extracts of leaf of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata were 389.04 and 1303.166 respectively.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec . 2 0 1 7 Vol. 5, No. 1: 5-13
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Tsigaridis, K., N. Daskalakis, M. Kanakidou, P. J. Adams, P. Artaxo, R. Bahadur, Y. Balkanski et al. „The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, Nr. 5 (07.03.2014): 6027–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-6027-2014.
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Abstract. This paper evaluates the current status of global modeling of the organic aerosol (OA) in the troposphere and analyzes the differences between models as well as between models and observations. Thirty-one global chemistry/transport and general circulation models have participated in this intercomparison, in the framework of AeroCom phase II. The simulation of OA varies greatly between models in terms of the magnitude of primary emissions, secondary OA (SOA) formation, the number of OA species used (2 to 62), the complexity of OA parameterizations (gas-particle partitioning, chemical aging, multiphase chemistry, aerosol microphysics), and the OA physical, chemical and optical properties. The diversity of the global OA simulation results has increased since earlier AeroCom experiments, mainly due to the increasing complexity of the SOA parameterization in models, and the implementation of new, highly uncertain, OA sources. Diversity of over an order of magnitude exists in the modeled vertical distribution of OA that deserves a dedicated future study. Furthermore, although the OA / OC ratio depends on OA sources and atmospheric processing and is important for model evaluation against OA and OC observations, it is resolved only by few global models. The median global primary OA (POA) source strength is 56 Tg a−1 (range 34–144 Tg a−1) and the median secondary OA source strength (natural and anthropogenic) is 19 Tg a−1 (range 13–121 Tg a−1). Among the models that take into account the semi-volatile SOA nature, the median source is calculated to be 51 Tg a−1 (range 16–121 Tg a−1), much larger than the median value of the models that calculate SOA in a more simplistic way (19 Tg a−1; range 13–20 Tg a−1, with one model at 37 Tg a−1). The median atmospheric burden of OA is 1.4 Tg (24 models in the range of 0.6–2.0 Tg and 4 between 2.4–3.8 Tg) with a median OA lifetime of 5.4 days (range 3.8–9.6 days). In models that reported both OA and sulfate burdens, the median value of the OA / sulfate burden ratio of is calculated to be 0.77; 13 models calculate a ratio lower than 1, and 9 models higher than 1. For 26 models that reported OA deposition fluxes, the median wet removal is 70 Tg a−1 (range 28–209 Tg a−1), which is on average 85% of the total OA deposition. Fine aerosol organic carbon (OC) and OA observations from continuous monitoring networks and individual field campaigns have been used for model evaluation. At urban locations the model-observation comparison indicates missing knowledge on anthropogenic OA sources, both strength and seasonality. The combined model/measurements analysis suggests the existence of increased OA levels during summer due to biogenic SOA formation over large areas of the USA that can be of the same order of magnitude as the POA, even at urban locations, and contribute to the measured urban seasonal pattern. Global models are able to simulate the high secondary character of OA observed in the atmosphere as a result of SOA formation and of POA aging, although, the amount of OA present in the atmosphere remains largely underestimated, with a mean normalized bias (MNB) equal to −0.62 (−0.51) based on the comparison against OC (OA) urban data of all models at surface, −0.15 (+0.51) when compared with remote measurements, and −0.30 for marine locations with OC data. The correlations overall are low when comparing with OC (OA) measurements: 0.47 (0.52) for urban stations, 0.39 (0.37) for remote, and 0.25 for marine stations with OC data. The combination of high (negative) MNB and higher correlation at urban stations when compared with the low MNB and lower correlation at remote sites suggests that the knowledge about the processes, on top of the sources, are important at the remote stations. There is no clear change in model skill with increasing model complexity with regard to OC or OA mass concentration. However, the complexity is needed in models in order to separate between anthropogenic and natural OA and accurately calculate the impact of OA on climate.
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Tsigaridis, K., N. Daskalakis, M. Kanakidou, P. J. Adams, P. Artaxo, R. Bahadur, Y. Balkanski et al. „The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, Nr. 19 (15.10.2014): 10845–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014.
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Abstract. This paper evaluates the current status of global modeling of the organic aerosol (OA) in the troposphere and analyzes the differences between models as well as between models and observations. Thirty-one global chemistry transport models (CTMs) and general circulation models (GCMs) have participated in this intercomparison, in the framework of AeroCom phase II. The simulation of OA varies greatly between models in terms of the magnitude of primary emissions, secondary OA (SOA) formation, the number of OA species used (2 to 62), the complexity of OA parameterizations (gas-particle partitioning, chemical aging, multiphase chemistry, aerosol microphysics), and the OA physical, chemical and optical properties. The diversity of the global OA simulation results has increased since earlier AeroCom experiments, mainly due to the increasing complexity of the SOA parameterization in models, and the implementation of new, highly uncertain, OA sources. Diversity of over one order of magnitude exists in the modeled vertical distribution of OA concentrations that deserves a dedicated future study. Furthermore, although the OA / OC ratio depends on OA sources and atmospheric processing, and is important for model evaluation against OA and OC observations, it is resolved only by a few global models. The median global primary OA (POA) source strength is 56 Tg a−1 (range 34–144 Tg a−1) and the median SOA source strength (natural and anthropogenic) is 19 Tg a−1 (range 13–121 Tg a−1). Among the models that take into account the semi-volatile SOA nature, the median source is calculated to be 51 Tg a−1 (range 16–121 Tg a−1), much larger than the median value of the models that calculate SOA in a more simplistic way (19 Tg a−1; range 13–20 Tg a−1, with one model at 37 Tg a−1). The median atmospheric burden of OA is 1.4 Tg (24 models in the range of 0.6–2.0 Tg and 4 between 2.0 and 3.8 Tg), with a median OA lifetime of 5.4 days (range 3.8–9.6 days). In models that reported both OA and sulfate burdens, the median value of the OA/sulfate burden ratio is calculated to be 0.77; 13 models calculate a ratio lower than 1, and 9 models higher than 1. For 26 models that reported OA deposition fluxes, the median wet removal is 70 Tg a−1 (range 28–209 Tg a−1), which is on average 85% of the total OA deposition. Fine aerosol organic carbon (OC) and OA observations from continuous monitoring networks and individual field campaigns have been used for model evaluation. At urban locations, the model–observation comparison indicates missing knowledge on anthropogenic OA sources, both strength and seasonality. The combined model–measurements analysis suggests the existence of increased OA levels during summer due to biogenic SOA formation over large areas of the USA that can be of the same order of magnitude as the POA, even at urban locations, and contribute to the measured urban seasonal pattern. Global models are able to simulate the high secondary character of OA observed in the atmosphere as a result of SOA formation and POA aging, although the amount of OA present in the atmosphere remains largely underestimated, with a mean normalized bias (MNB) equal to −0.62 (−0.51) based on the comparison against OC (OA) urban data of all models at the surface, −0.15 (+0.51) when compared with remote measurements, and −0.30 for marine locations with OC data. The mean temporal correlations across all stations are low when compared with OC (OA) measurements: 0.47 (0.52) for urban stations, 0.39 (0.37) for remote stations, and 0.25 for marine stations with OC data. The combination of high (negative) MNB and higher correlation at urban stations when compared with the low MNB and lower correlation at remote sites suggests that knowledge about the processes that govern aerosol processing, transport and removal, on top of their sources, is important at the remote stations. There is no clear change in model skill with increasing model complexity with regard to OC or OA mass concentration. However, the complexity is needed in models in order to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural OA as needed for climate mitigation, and to calculate the impact of OA on climate accurately.
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Azzoni, C. B., M. C. Mozzati, A. Paleari, V. Massarotti, M. Bini und D. Capsoni. „Evidence of a Cationic Substitution Domain in Lithium-Manganese Spinels“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 53, Nr. 9 (01.09.1998): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1998-0907.
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Abstract Magnetic susceptibility measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of samples prepared from the reactive system MnO/Li2CO3 with different starting Li cationic fraction x are analyzed, taking into account the structural and compositional information provided by x-ray diffraction. Parent phases, as Mn2O3 , Mn3O4 and Li2 MnO3 , arise together with the lithium-manganese spinel as a result of Li-deficiency or Li-excess with respect to the x = 0.33 composition pertinent to the stoichiometric LiMn2O4 spinel. The data show that the spinel phase can sustain a partial Li-Mn substitution in the cation sites, according to compositional models described, for x > 0.33, by Li1+y Mn3+1-3y Mn4+1+2y O4 (Li-rich spinel) and, for x< 0.33, by Li1-|y| Mn2+|y| Mn3+1+|y| Mn4+1-|y| O4 (Li-poor spinel). Paramagnetic resonance data of the Li-poor spinel phase are analyzed to discuss the possible oxidation state of Mn in the tetrahedral site.
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Belyó, Pál. „A nyugdíjak reálértékének megőrzése : A korrekciókhoz alkalmazható indexek“. Acta Periodica, Nr. 24 (2022): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47273/ap.2022.24.61-78.
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Magyarországon nyugdíjból vagy valamilyen nyugdíjszerű járadékból élő mintegy 2,5 millió állampolgár nyugdíjat jelentő ellátása átlagosan havi 150 ezer Ft öregségi nyugdíj, illetve 137 ezer Ft-os járadék összeg. A 2022. évi nyugdíjkorrekció 5%-os mértéke már év elejétől jogos kritikai észrevételeket okoz. A KSH nyugdíjas fogyasztói kosárral számított árindexe 2022. februárban már 8,3%-kal nőtt az előző év azonos hónapjához képest. Januárhoz viszonyítva 1,1 százalékkal nőttek a fogyasztói árak, és ezen belül az élelmiszereknél volt a legnagyobb a drágulás, átlagban 2,1 százalékos. Ez nagyon sok, hiszen már érvényesült a kormány február 1-jétől elrendelt ár stopja. Ezeknél a termékeknél januárhoz képest be is következett árcsökkenés, viszont emelkedtek az árak a csökkentéssel érintett termékek helyettesítőinél és valamennyi többi élelmiszernél is. Az előrejelzések alapján várható 2022-ben is egy nyugdíjkompenzáció. Ennek mértéke még sok tényezőtől függ, így az orosz-ukrán háború lefolyásától, az eddigi árkorlátozások kormányzati megszüntetésétől, a költségvetési politikától és az MNB kamatemeléseinek hatásaitól – azaz a forint árfolyam és a hazai fogyasztás-megtakarítás alakulásától is.
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Molchanova, Anastasiia, Kirill Boldyrev, Nikolai Kuzmin, Alexey Veligzhanin, Kirill Khaydukov, Evgeniy Khaydukov, Oleg Kondratev, Irina Gudim, Elizaveta Mikliaeva und Marina Popova. „Manganese Luminescent Centers of Different Valence in Yttrium Aluminum Borate Crystals“. Materials 16, Nr. 2 (05.01.2023): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020537.
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We present an extensive study of the luminescence characteristics of Mn impurity ions in a YAl3(BO3)4:Mn crystal, in combination with X-ray fluorescence analysis and determination of the valence state of Mn by XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectroscopy. The valences of manganese Mn2+(d5) and Mn3+(d4) were determined by the XANES and high-resolution optical spectroscopy methods shown to be complementary. We observe the R1 and R2 luminescence and absorption lines characteristic of the 2E ↔ 4A2 transitions in d3 ions (such as Mn4+ and Cr3+) and show that they arise due to uncontrolled admixture of Cr3+ ions. A broad luminescent band in the green part of the spectrum is attributed to transitions in Mn2+. Narrow zero-phonon infrared luminescence lines near 1060 nm (9400 cm−1) and 760 nm (13,160 cm−1) are associated with spin-forbidden transitions in Mn3+: 1T2 → 3T1 (between excited triplets) and 1T2 → 5E (to the ground state). Spin-allowed 5T2 → 5E Mn3+ transitions show up as a broad band in the orange region of the spectrum. Using the data of optical spectroscopy and Tanabe–Sugano diagrams we estimated the crystal-field parameter Dq and Racah parameter B for Mn3+ in YAB:Mn as Dq = 1785 cm−1 and B = 800 cm−1. Our work can serve as a basis for further study of YAB:Mn for the purposes of luminescent thermometry, as well as other applications.
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Ali, Omer M., Sahil S. Nalawade, Yin Xi, Ben Wagner, Alexander Mazal, Shane Ahlers, Syed M. Rizvi et al. „A Radiomic Machine Learning Model to Predict Treatment Response to Methotrexate and Survival Outcomes in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL)“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141941.
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Introduction: Primary CNS lymphomas (PCNSL) are heterogeneous, aggressive, extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas limited to the neuraxis. Published response rates to high-dose methotrexate (MTX) based induction regimens for PCNSL range from 35-78%. However, >50% of patients relapse and have a median survival of 2 months without additional treatment. Our ability to prognosticate outcomes is limited to clinical models like the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) score and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) classifier. There is an urgent need to develop improved biologic and radiologic predictive models for PCNSL to facilitate therapeutic advances. We hypothesize that a machine learning model using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor characteristics will improve the accuracy of clinical models to predict response to MTX and survival outcomes. Methods: Data from patients with PCNSL treated at UT Southwestern and Parkland Health and Hospital System hospitals from 2008-2020 (n=95) were collected. An analytical dataset of 61 patients was selected based on the availability of T1 postcontrast (T1c) and T2w FLAIR MR images. A subset of 47 patients was used to evaluate MTX treatment response. Expert neuroradiologists drew regions of interest (ROIs) on the multiparametric MR images including whole tumor (consisting of edema + enhancing tumor + necrosis), enhancing tumor and necrosis (Figure 1). Response to methotrexate-based induction was defined per the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group (IPCG) criteria. For overall- and progression-free survival (OS and PFS) analysis, short (≤1 year) and long-term (>1 year) survivor groups were defined. A support vector machine (SVM) network was used for predicting treatment response to MTX and for predicting the OS groups. A Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) network was used for predicting the PFS groups. PyRadiomics package was used to extract 106 texture-based features from the combination of each MR image and tumor ROI. A total of 642 features were extracted from the imaging parameters. Clinical features including age, race, performance status, MSKCC class, IELSG score, histology, delay from 1st MRI to start of treatment, induction and consolidation treatments used were included in the analysis. Feature reduction methodology based on the feature importance derived from the gradient boost model was applied to reduce the number of features. 17 features (imaging = 14, clinical = 3) were used for predicting OS/PFS and 7 features (imaging = 5, clinical = 2) were used for predicting treatment response to MTX. Networks utilizing only clinical features were analyzed for comparison. The sklearn package in python was used for the machine learning analysis. 5-Fold cross validation was performed to generalize the network performance. Results: Baseline wclinical characteristics of the study population is shown in Table 1. Table 2 lists the accuracy, F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve (AUC) values averaged for the 5-fold cross validation. The SVM network achieved a mean testing accuracy of 81.1 ± 12.3% for predicting the treatment response to MTX-based induction. Sensitivity, specificity and AUC values were 90.5 ± 13.1%, 63.3 ± 22.1% and 0.81 ± 0.14 respectively. The SVM and the MNB network achieved mean testing accuracies of 80.3 ± 11.4% and 83.3 ± 11.8% for predicting the long and short survival groups in OS and PFS respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and AUC values for the SVM and MNB networks were 79.3 ± 6.5%, 80.5 ± 16.5% and 0.86 ± 0.12 and 85.3 ± 12.9%, 81.9 ± 11.8% and 0.86 ± 0.13 respectively. The accuracy values for predicting treatment response to MTX, OS and PFS using only the clinical features were 61.6 ± 9.2%, 59.1 ± 16.4% and 62.1 ± 17.5% respectively. Conclusion: This machine learning model boosted the accuracy (≥20%) over currently validated clinical models alone in predicting response to methotrexate-based therapies and survival outcomes in PCNSL. The current analysis is limited by the small sample size, and we plan to statistically test this model across a larger dataset and report results at the meeting. Our preliminary results suggest that machine learning based radiomic analysis may predict biologic aggressiveness in PCNSL and has the potential to be integrated in clinical predictive tools and design of clinical trials. Disclosures Awan: Blueprint medicines: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Sunesis: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; MEI Pharma: Consultancy; Astrazeneca: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Dava Oncology: Consultancy; Kite Pharma: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy. Desai:Boston Scientific: Consultancy, Other: Trial Finding.
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Behera, Niyati, und Guruvayur Mahalakshmi. „Enriching Domain Concepts with Qualitative Attributes (A Text Mining based Approach)“. International Arab Journal of Information Technology 17, Nr. 6 (01.11.2020): 916–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/17/6/10.
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Attributes, whether qualitative or non-qualitative are the formal description of any real-world entity and are crucial in modern knowledge representation models like ontology. Though ample evidence for the amount of research done for mining non-qualitative attributes (like part-of relation) extraction from text as well as the Web is available in the wealth of literature, on the other side limited research can be found relating to qualitative attribute (i.e., size, color, taste etc.,) mining. Herein this research article an analytical framework has been proposed to retrieve qualitative attribute values from unstructured domain text. The research objective covers two aspects of information retrieval (1) acquiring quality values from unstructured text and (2) then assigning attribute to them by comparing the Google derived meaning or context of attributes as well as quality value (adjectives). The goal has been accomplished by using a framework which integrates Vector Space Modelling (VSM) with a probabilistic Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) classifier. Performance Evaluation has been carried out on two data sets (1) HeiPLAS Development Data set (106 adjective-noun exemplary phrases) and (2) a text data set in Medicinal Plant Domain (MPD). System is found to perform better with probabilistic approach compared to the existing pattern-based framework in the state of art
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Wang, Hua, Shiyu Hao, Baolei Wang und Chunfu Kuang. „Microstructure characteristic of hot formed 22MnB5 steel and its relationship with delayed hydride cracking property“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2194, Nr. 1 (01.02.2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2194/1/012020.
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Abstract Hydrogen-induced delayed cracking is an important factor leading to the failure of ultra-high strength steels during service, thus in this study, the mechanical properties and hydrogen trapping of hot formed 22MnB5 steel considering different content of V (0, 0.05, 0.09 wt.%) and corresponding microstructure were investigated. Slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRT) were applied to obtain the tensile strength and elongation of samples under different medium conditions (air, HCl immersion and electrolytic hydrogen charging). Besides, microstructure and atomic distribution morphology of the samples were detected and analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic probe tomography (APT) technique. Results showed that both resistances of hydrogen-induced delayed cracking in MnB-V5 and MnB-V9 samples were obviously better than that in MnB-V0 sample, besides, the delayed cracking resistances of MnB-V9 and MnB-V5 samples did not improve with the increase of V content, but basically remained the same. Lamellar residual austenite was found in all samples, but no hydrogen was grasped in the same area according to APT result. There was intragranular cementite in all samples, and it has grasped H in the same position. The carbides formed by V, Ti and other alloying elements were found in MnB-V5 and MnB-V9 and were considered to be an important factor in improving the anti-hydrogen delayed cracking performance of the steel.
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Suescun, Leopoldo, Joke Hadermann und Bogdan Dabrowski. „HR-TEM study of oxygen vacancy ordered Sr4+nMn4+nO10+3n compounds“. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (05.08.2014): C942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090573.
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The study of oxygen vacancy ordering in the LaxSr1-xMnOy system has shown a strong correlation between Mn formal valence and coordination to oxygen. The Mn2+ was found forming octahedra (Oc) and tetrahedra (Te), Mn3+ octahedra and pyramids (Py) and Mn4+ only octahedra. This tendency was derived from the presence of three kinds of vacancy orderings in the system. For y>2.5 and the average Mnm+ charge of 2<m<3 (x>0.5), brownmillerite-type structures are found with Mn2+/3+ Oc and Mn2+ Te. [1] For 3<m<4 (x<0.5) structures of the homologous Sr4+nMn4+nO10+3n –type series are found with Mn3+ Py and Mn3+/4+ Oc. [2] For y<2.5 and 2<m<3 (x<0.5) a complex layered structure with OcTeOcOcTe'Oc ordering and step defects of Mn3+ Py and Mn2+ Te [3] is observed. Brownmillerite-type structure is absent in the Sr-rich region since mostly Mn3+ is present, which does not show tendency to form Te. Compounds of the Sr4+nMn4+nO10+3n series have been described as arrangements of groups of four Py and n Oc in symmetrical patterns. [2] This description did not elucidate the crystal chemistry reasons for specific pattern (n=0, 1 and 3) since it neglected the coordination stabilization associated with oxygen vacancy, charge and orbital ordering observed in the structures.[2] Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for SrMnOy with y values located between corresponding n=0, 1 and 3 compositions, we have determined that the oxygen vacancy ordering directs the formation of these patterns. The structural patterns can be described as perovskites with lines of oxygen vacancies along [001] with nearest lines of vacancies in the cubic (310) plane. Successive (310) planes are n perovskite blocks (Oc) apart in the [010] direction. This ordering pattern allows the coherent growth of phases with different n at the sides of (310) plane as observed in grains of a sample of SrMnO2.668 where n=1 and n=3 phases grown coherently one at each side of the vacancy plane.
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Singhal, Jyoti, und Neamat ElGayar. „SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 VACCINE TWEETS“. International Research Journal of Computer Science 9, Nr. 4 (30.04.2022): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2021.v0904.003.
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In the last decade, social media has emerged as the largest centralized source of opinions, expressions, blogs and micro-blogs, news, and other information. It has presented a great opportunity for the researchers, industries, and governments to understand the behavior of their customers and constituents to better align their products and services with their customers’ and citizens’ requirements. Among the social media sources, Twitter is a unique source in that data (microblogs) is unstructured and is available for free. Twitter is used widely across the globe and its microblog concept lends itself to analyze the underlying sentiment. A recent debate has been on the COVID vaccines – whether the potential benefits outweigh the side effects. Currently, there are many vaccines available with different claimed efficacy against the virus. The varying efficacies of these vaccines have attracted a public discourse. This research aims to analyze COVID-19 vaccines related tweets to better understand the pattern of public sentiments and opinions about the vaccines with respect to their side effects, potency, availability, and efficacy. The tweets are categorized and analyzed based on their polarity and subjectivity towards the vaccines. To perform the classification of tweets based on aspects, machine learning techniques such as Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (MNB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) along with deep learning technique Long Term Short Memory (LSTM) are used. All these classification algorithms are then compared and evaluated on the measures of precision, recall, accuracy score and F1-score. Apart from categorization and classification, topic modelling method LDA is used to extract the topics based on their similarity and frequency that can sum up the sentiment of common public towards whole process of COVID vaccine. Based on 60,000 tweets between 1-March-2021 to 31-May-2021, overall public sentiment for vaccine indicated a positive trend. Analyzing aspects of vaccines, efficacy of vaccines has turned out to be the most positive aspect which has encouraged people to advocate for vaccines. With evaluation and comparison of model’s performance, bidirectional LSTM with 92% accuracy has outperformed all the machine learning algorithms. Among all the machine learning algorithms based on different vectorization techniques, Logistic Regression achieved the highest accuracy of 73% with count vectorizer while SVM and MNB got accuracy of 64% only. Topic modeling with LDA for whole dataset with 60,000 tweets, yielded 4optimum number of topics with coherence score of 0.625. Most of the topics had common theme of availability, efficacy, and side effect.
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ALBayari, Reem, und Sherief Abdallah. „Instagram-Based Benchmark Dataset for Cyberbullying Detection in Arabic Text“. Data 7, Nr. 7 (22.06.2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data7070083.
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(1) Background: the ability to use social media to communicate without revealing one’s real identity has created an attractive setting for cyberbullying. Several studies targeted social media to collect their datasets with the aim of automatically detecting offensive language. However, the majority of the datasets were in English, not in Arabic. Even the few Arabic datasets that were collected, none focused on Instagram despite being a major social media platform in the Arab world. (2) Methods: we use the official Instagram APIs to collect our dataset. To consider the dataset as a benchmark, we use SPSS (Kappa statistic) to evaluate the inter-annotator agreement (IAA), as well as examine and evaluate the performance of various learning models (LR, SVM, RFC, and MNB). (3) Results: in this research, we present the first Instagram Arabic corpus (sub-class categorization (multi-class)) focusing on cyberbullying. The dataset is primarily designed for the purpose of detecting offensive language in texts. We end up with 200,000 comments, of which 46,898 comments were annotated by three human annotators. The results show that the SVM classifier outperforms the other classifiers, with an F1 score of 69% for bullying comments and 85 percent for positive comments.
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Bethlendi, András, und András Póra. „Lakossági zöldpénzügyek: fókuszban a kereslet“. Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 66, Nr. 3 (2021): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/psz_2021_3_1.
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A Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem (BME) és a Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) együttműködése keretében készült lakossági kérdőíves felmérésben a következő fő kutatási kérdésekre kerestünk választ: 1) a lakosság környezetvédelmi és pénzügyi ismeretei és attitűdje milyen kapcsolatban áll a zöldpénzügyi termékek iránti kereslettel, 2) mennyire jelentős (ár)támogatással lehet a hazai fogyasztókat a fenntarthatóbb pénzügyi termékek felé terelni. Ezek mellett a lakosság zöld- és pénzügyi ismerete, valamint attitűdje egyéb összefüggéseit is fel kívántuk tárni. A vizsgálat során összegző indexeket és indikátorokat kreáltunk a főbb kérdések vizsgálatára, ezek képezték az elemzés alapját. A magyar lakosság a környezetvédelemhez általában pozitívan viszonyul. A válaszadók zöldismereteiket inkább túl-, pénzügyi ismereteiket és óvatosságukat pedig inkább alulértékelik. A pénzügyi és zöldismeret és -attitűd szempontjából is az iskolázottság és a pénzügyi műveltség a legmeghatározóbb. A személyes zöldattitűd kapcsán elmondható, hogy a hétköznapokban az anyagi lehetőségek adta pragmatizmus a döntő. A pénzügyi termékek iránti keresletre az árazás, ezen kívül az indexek közül a zöld- és pénzügyi ismeretek, a demográfiai változók közül pedig az életkor hat leginkább. A kapott eredmények alapján csak egy jelentősebb ártámogatással lehetne a hazai fogyasztókat a fenntarthatóbb pénzügyi termékek felé terelni.
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Bethlendi, András. „Household green finances: demand in focus“. Pénzügyi Szemle = Public Finance Quarterly 66, Nr. 3 (2021): 311–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35551/pfq_2021_3_1.
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Based on a retail questionnaire survey conducted in the framework of the BME-MNB cooperation we aimed to answer to the following main research questions: 1) how the households’ environmental and financial knowledge and attitudes are related to the demand for green financial products, 2) how significant (price) support shall be used to channel Hungarian consumers towards more sustainable financial products. In addition, we aimed to explore the households’ green and financial knowledge and attitudes. During the study, aggregate indices and indicators were created to study the main issues, which formed the basis of the analysis. The Hungarian population generally has a positive attitude towards environmental protection. Respondents tend to underestimate their green knowledge and their financial knowledge prudence. Education and financial literacy are also the most important in terms of financial and green knowledge and attitudes. Concerning personal green attitude, it can be said that the pragmatism provided by the financial possibilities is decisive in everyday life. Demand for financial products is most affected by pricing, green and financial knowledge indices, and age (demography). Based on the results, only a significant price subsidy could steer domestic consumers towards more sustainable financial products.
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Stokes, Thomas N., Geoffrey D. Bromiley, G. Diego Gatta, Nicola Rotiroti, Nicola J. Potts und Kate Saunders. „Cation distribution and valence in synthetic Al–Mn–O and Fe–Mn–O spinels under varying conditions“. Mineralogical Magazine 82, Nr. 4 (15.05.2018): 975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.109.
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ABSTRACTThe spinel-group minerals, found in a range of igneous rocks, are resistant to weathering and can incorporate several multivalent elements, meaning they have the potential to provide insight into the redox conditions of parental magmas. Naturally occurring spinel can contain varying quantities of Mn, an element which occurs terrestrially and extra-terrestrially as Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+ and Mn5+. However, a lack of information on the effects of oxygen fugacity ($f_{{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$) on: (1) Mn valence state and cation distribution; and (2) on spinel-melt partitioning means that the potential for a Mn-in-spinel oxy-barometer remains largely untested. Here, we use electron probe microanalysis, micro-focus X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) to investigate cation distribution and valence state in spinels in the Al–Mn–O and Fe–Mn–O systems synthesized at ambient pressure under varying $\hskip 2pt f_{{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$ conditions. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the spectral resolution of the Mn K-edge XANES spectra is insufficient to provide quantitative data on Mn valence state and site occupancy, although it does verify that Mn is incorporated as both Mn2+ and Mn3+, distributed over tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Combination of data from XANES and SC-XRD refinements can, however, be used to model Mn, Al and Fe valence and site occupancy. It would be expected that Mn–Fe spinels have the potential to record $f_{{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$ conditions in parental melts due to changes to the octahedral site under conditions that were more reducing. However, decoupling the effects of temperature and oxygen fugacity on the TFe3+–TMn2+ exchange in the Mn–Fe spinels remains challenging. In contrast, little variation is noted in Mn–Al spinels as a function of $\hskip 2pt f_{{\rm O}_{\rm 2}}$, implying that crystal chemistry and cation site geometry may significantly influence cation distribution, and by inference, crystal-melt partitioning, in spinel-group minerals.
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Su, Renyuan, Weikai Zhu, Kang Liang, Peng Wei, Jianbin Li, Wenjun Liu und Yurong Ren. „Mnx+ Substitution to Improve Na3V2(PO4)2F3-Based Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode“. Molecules 28, Nr. 3 (01.02.2023): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031409.
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Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) is an extremely promising sodium storage cathode material for sodium-ion batteries because of its stable structure, wide electrochemical window, and excellent electrochemical properties. Nevertheless, the low ionic and electronic conductivity resulting from the insulated PO43− structure limits its further development. In this work, the different valence states of Mnx+ ions (x = 2, 3, 4) doped NVPF were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. A series of tests and characterizations reveals that the doping of Mn ions (Mn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+) changes the crystal structure and also affects the residual carbon content, which further influences the electrochemical properties of NVPF-based materials. The sodiation/desodiation mechanism was also investigated. Among them, the as-prepared NVPF doped with Mn2+ delivers a high reversible discharge capacity (116.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C), and the capacity retention of 67.7% after 400 cycles at 1 C was obtained. Such excellent performance and facile modified methods will provide new design ideas for the development of secondary batteries.
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Schweiker, Marcel, Tunga Salthammer, Heinz-Jörn Moriske, Peter Tappler, Christian Scherer, Alfred Trukenmüller und Dirk Müller. „Modellbasierte Berechnung des aerosolgebundenen Infektionsrisikos in Klassenräumen, Großraumbüros, Hörsälen und Sporthallen bei unterschiedlichen Nutzungssituationen/Model-based calculation of the aerosol-related risk of infection in classrooms, open-plan offices, lecture halls and sports halls for different usage situations“. Gefahrstoffe 81, Nr. 03-04 (2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2021-03-04-43.
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In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse eines Berechnungsverfahrens zur Bewertung eines relativen Infektionsrisikos vorgestellt, mit dem eine (beliebige) Raumsituation mit einer Referenzsituation verglichen werden kann. Die Referenzsituation beschreibt einen Klassenraum mit maschineller Belüftung, ausgelegt nach dem heutigen Stand der Technik. Dabei wird vorausgesetzt, dass keine absolute Sicherheit vorliegt, jedoch eine nur sehr geringe Infektionswahrscheinlichkeit angenommen wird. Durch die Wahl der Raum- und Lüftungsparameter wird sichergestellt, dass sich in der Referenzsituation nach dem heutigen Stand des Wissens Infektionen über virentragende Aerosolpartikel nur beschränkt bis gar nicht ausbreiten können. Für Fälle, in denen keine Ausstattung mit meist zentral gesteuerten raumlufttechnischen Anlagen (RLT-Anlagen) vorliegt, was für die meisten Schulen gilt, wurde in Schulklassenräumen mit Lüftung über Fenster ebenfalls eine Referenzsituation mit einem relativen Infektionsrisiko von „1“ beschrieben und als Berechnungsbezug verwendet. Alle Berechnungen können sowohl stationär als auch instationär über eine Internetseite für eigene Räume und Szenarien durchgeführt werden (http://risico.eonerc.rwth-aachen.de/). Bei allen modellbasierten Betrachtungen bleiben andere Übertragungswege, wie Kontaktübertragung, das Nicht-Beachten allgemeiner Hygieneregeln oder direkte Kontakte, unberücksichtigt. Auch das generelle Tragen von besonders wirksamen Mund-Nasen-Bedeckungen (MNB) wie FFP2- oder OP-Masken mit CE-Zeichen nach DIN EN 14683, wie es sich in der politischen Diskussion zunehmend als Vorgabe abzeichnet, wird nicht vorausgesetzt.
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Chukanov, Nikita V., Dmitry A. Varlamov, Igor V. Pekov, Natalia V. Zubkova, Anatoly V. Kasatkin und Sergey N. Britvin. „Coupled Substitutions in Natural MnO(OH) Polymorphs: Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation“. Minerals 11, Nr. 9 (06.09.2021): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11090969.
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Solid solutions involving natural Mn3+O(OH) polymorphs, groutite, manganite, and feitknechtite are characterized and discussed based on original and literature data on the chemical composition, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and middle-range IR absorption spectra of these minerals. It is shown that manganite forms two kinds of solid-solution series, in which intermediate members have the general formulae (i) (Mn4+, Mn3+)O(OH,O), with pyrolusite as the Mn4+O2 end-member, and (ii) (Mn3+, M2+)O(OH, H2O), where M = Mn or Zn. In Zn-substituted manganite from Kapova Cave, South Urals, Russia, the Zn2+:Mn3+ ratio reaches 1:1 (the substitution of Mn3+ with Zn2+ is accompanied by the coupled substitution of OH− with H2O). Groutite forms solid-solution series with ramsdellite Mn4+O2. In addition, the incorporation of OH− anions in the 1 × 2 tunnels of ramsdellite is possible. Feitknechtite is considered to be isostructural with (or structurally related to) the compounds (M2+, Mn3+)(OH, O)2 (M = Mn, Zn) with a pyrochroite-related layered structure.
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Terták, Elemér. „Reflexiók – Gottfried Péter „Gondolatok az euro magyarországi bevezetése időzítésének dilemmájáról” esszéjére“. Hitelintézeti szemle 20, Nr. 4 (2021): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25201/hsz.20.4.132145.
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Gondolatok az euro magyarországi bevezetése időzítésének dilemmájáról címmel jelent meg Gottfried Péternek, a Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) Monetáris Tanácsa tagjának esszéje a Hitelintézeti Szemle 2021. évi szeptemberi számának Jövőképünk című rovatában. E válaszcikk az esszé érveit és következtetéseit egészíti ki. Az euro bevezetése feltételeinek teljesítéséről az Európai Bizottságnak (EB) és az Európai Központi Banknak (EKB) kétévente legalább egyszer jelentést kell tennie Európai Unió működéséről szóló szerződés1 140 (1) bekezdése szerint a Tanácsnak. Gottfried Péter esszéje azonban tudatosan nem erről szól, hanem arról fogalmaz meg fontos gondolatokat, hogy ha hazánk már teljesítette a feltéteket, akkor mikor és milyen más feltételek teljesülése esetén érdemes a csatlakozás tekintetében vállalt kötelezettségének eleget tenni. Két ok miatt is időszerű ezen elgondolkodni: egyfelől az EU-ba nálunk később belépett Horvátország és talán még Bulgária is rövidesen csatlakozik az euroövezethez, s ezzel öt országra csökken a kívül maradó országok száma, másfelől viszont Svédország hazánknál kilenc évvel korábban vált az EU tagjává, azonos kötelezettsége van az euro bevezetésére, lényegében minden csatlakozási kritériumot teljesít, mégsem tervezi belátható időn belül az eurót bevezetni. Emellett azért is időszerű az elemzés, mert immár két évtizedes távlatból értékelni lehet és kell, hogy az euro mennyiben váltotta be a hozzáfűzött reményeket, illetve az Egyesült Királyságnak – a Gazdasági és Monetáris Unió (GMU) elmélyítésének belső „ellenzékének” – a távozása miként befolyásolja a GMU jövőjét.
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kadom, Shaymaa A., Soukaena H. hashem und Shatha H. Jafer. „Optimize network intrusion detection system based on PCA feature extraction and three naïve bayes classifiers“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2322, Nr. 1 (01.08.2022): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2322/1/012092.
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Abstract Ransomware has become one of the major threats to private organizations, state and local organizations in the last three years, especially since the WannaCry malware. Ransomware is a child in the malware family that hijacks users’ data and related resources using security measures such as cryptographic and then demands bitcoin in compensation for the data that has been encrypted. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are now needed to protect data from hackers and keep information systems and networks from getting hurt as much as possible. It examines and predicts user behavior, which is then classified as an assault or expected behavior. This study will present a suggestion to improve hybrid (anomaly-misuse) NIDS by experimenting with three different Nave Bayes (NB) classifiers: Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), and Complement Naive Bayes (CNB). To improve accuracy and reduce the computational time in NIDS, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) will be exploited. The UNSW-NB15 dataset was used to evaluate the suggested system’s performance, and the outcomes of the experiments are as follows: when using all features of UNSW-NB15 Datasets the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 97%, 92%, and %94, when using PCA feature extraction with 10 PC the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 100%, 88% and %100, when using PCA feature extraction with 20 PC the Accuracy of GNB, MNB and CNB is 100%, 92% and %100. When using PCA feature extraction with 30 PC, GNB, MNB, and CNB is 100%, 99%, and %100. According to the findings, 30 PCs improved the accuracy of the three algorithms and gave the best results, meaning that the increase in the number of PC leads to a rise in the system’s accuracy.
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Arisanty, Dessy. „In Vitro Cytotoxic Study and Detection of Apoptosis on Breast Cancer Cell lines MDA-MB 231 after Exposed to Azadirachta Indica A. Juss (neem) Extract“. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 2, Nr. 2 (01.05.2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v2i2.125.
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AbstrakSuatu senyawa obat dapat menjadi kemoterapi kanker adalah dengan cara menskrining terlebih dahulu tumbuhan obat yang berpotensi sebagai obat antikanker. Salah satunya adalah tanaman obat daun nimba (Azadirachta indica L.Juss) yang terbukti secara significant menyebabkan apoptosis pada beberapa jenis sel line kanker. Dalam penelitian ini, ekstrak ethanol dari A. indica dipelajari untuk melihat efeknya pada pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara manusia jenis MDA-MB-231 dengan menggunakan tes untuk proliferasi yaitu MTT assai dan untuk mengetahui perubahan morphologi dari apoptosis selnya dengan menggunakan TUNEL assay Ekstrak daun nimba (A. indica) dapat menurunkan keberadaan jumlah sel kanker dengan cara menghambat perkembangan daripada sel tersebut dan menginduksi proses apoptosis pada sel kanker tersebut. Hasil pemeriksaan MTT assai didapatkan nilai IC50 nya adalah 55 ug / mL. Kematian MDA-MB231 sel yang disebabkan oleh ekstrak daun nimba (A.indica) ditemukan melalui mekanisme apoptosis yang secara morfologinya menunjukan ciri ciri dari kematian secara apoptosis seperti kondensasi dari nucleus, membrane nukleus yang melebur dan akhirnya terjadinya fragmentasi dari DNA. Analisis struktur dalaman sel juga mengungkapkan karakteristik apoptosis yaitu marginasi dari kromosom yang disertai dengan fragmentasi DNA dan selanjutnya akan terbentuk badan apoptotik pada sel kanker yang diinkubasi dengan ekstrak tersebut. Pada penelitian ini juga dijumpai peningkatan jumlah sel apoptosis dari hari 1 sampai hari 3 inkubasi oleh ekstrak nimba. Ekstrak ethanol A.indica mungkin mengandung senyawa bioaktif(s) yang menyebabkan kanker payudara MDA-MNB 231 mengalami kematian sel secara apoptosis. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk mengetahui mekanisme tumbuhan ini membunuh sel kanker MDA-MB 231.Kata kunci: Studi In vitro, Azadirachta indica, apoptosis, TUNEL assayAbstractA screening is conducted on plants that have potential as anticancer is a promising way for discovering novel chemotherapeutic compound. A medicinal plant neem leaf (Azadirachta indica L.Juss) intake has been shown to induce significant levels of apoptosis in various cancer cells. In this present study, ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica was studied for its effects on growth in MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells using assays for proliferation (MTT assay) and mechanisme of cell apoptosis using TUNEL assay. Neem leaf extract decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis. Result of MTT assay was 55 μg/mL of neem remarkably reduced cell viability of MDA-MB 231 cells. MDA-MB231 cell death elicited by the extract was found to be apoptotic in nature based the indication of nucleus condensation, shrinkage of nucleus membrane and also DNA fragmentation which are a hallmark of apoptosis. In addition, ultrastructural analysis also revealed apoptotic characteristics which are the presence of chromatin margination and apoptotic bodies in the extract-treated cells. There was an increase in the number of apoptotic cells from day 1 to day 3 post incubation with neem extract. Thus, the results from this study strongly suggest that the ethanol extract of A.indica may contain bioactive compound(s) that caused breast carcinoma, MDA-MNB 231 cell death by apoptosis. It’s needed to do advance research to know more deeply the mechanism this plant on breast cancer cell line MDA-MB.Keywords:In vitro study, Azadirachta indica, apoptosis, TUNEL assay
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Bhide, M. K., R. M. Kadam, A. K. Tyagi, K. P. Muthe, H. G. Salunke, S. K. Gupta, A. Vinu, A. Asthana und S. V. Godbole. „Unusual magnetic properties of Mn-doped ThO2 nanoparticles“. Journal of Materials Research 23, Nr. 2 (Februar 2008): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0064.
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We report the synthesis of Th1–xMnxO2 (x = 0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, and 0.01 wt%) nanoparticles by the urea combustion method using thorium nitrate gel followed by heat treatment at a higher temperature (T). The obtained Th1–xMnxO2 nanocrystals were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), direct-current magnetization (M) measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). XRD analysis revealed that Th1–xMnxO2 crystallizes in the cubic structure (Fm3m). M measurements showed ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature for Th0.99Mn0.01O2 samples annealed at 775 K. An intense and broad ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) having linewidth of ∼1200 G, was observed at relatively lower fields in the EPR spectra of Th0.99Mn0.01O2 samples annealed at 775 K, indicating the presence of a ferromagnetic phase at room temperature. EPR measurements were used to estimate the number of spins involved in the ferromagnetic ordering. Out of the total Mn present in Th0.99Mn0.01O2 samples, about 25% of the Mn2+ ions were found to be responsible for the ferromagnetic ordering. In addition to the FMR signal, a weak hyperfine sextet was observed at g = 2.0048 (55Mn, I = 5/2), which corresponds to the −1/2 ↔ +1/2 transition of Mn2+ ions, suggesting its presence at thorium sites (uncoupled spins). X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that the manganese ions exist mainly as Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+. The room-temperature ferromagnetism may be attributed to the coupling between these Mn2+ ions at thorium sites in ThO2 rather than due to the formation of any metastable secondary phases.
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Lestari, Sukmawati Dwi, und Erwin Budi Setiawan. „Sentiment Analysis Based on Aspects Using FastText Feature Expansion and NBSVM Classification Method“. Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC) 3, Nr. 4 (05.09.2022): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/josyc.v3i4.2202.
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Telkomsel is a service that the people of Indonesia widely use. Complaints from users referring to Telkomsel's service and signal aspects are often made in Twitter tweets with harsh or good language. This is done because users continue to demand to get better service. Therefore, an aspect-based sentiment analysis technique is needed to determine a person's view of each aspect, such as Telkomsel's service and signal aspects. Aspect-based sentiment analysis is a solution to find out the opinions of Telkomsel users based on their aspects. In its implementation, the NBSVM method is used as a classification model that is proven to work well compared to other methods, namely MNB and SVM. The implementation of the expansion of the FastText feature can affect the level of performance model, and the best results are obtained in the Top 1 feature on the signal aspect and Top 5 on the service aspect with a combination of Twitter corpus and news. In this study, the data used is unbalanced and has been handled by applying SMOTE and AdaBoost techniques to the FastText feature expansion model. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, SMOTE can handle data imbalances compared to AdaBoost. The performance results of the FastText feature expansion model after SMOTE are applied to get F1-Score 91.24% in the signal aspect and F1-Score 88.75% in the service aspect.
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Duan, Xiaoxu, Jinxiao Dou, Yongqi Zhao, Salman Khoshk Rish und Jianglong Yu. „A Study on Mn-Fe Catalysts Supported on Coal Fly Ash for Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOX in Flue Gas“. Catalysts 10, Nr. 12 (30.11.2020): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121399.
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A series of Mn0.15Fe0.05/fly-ash catalysts have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method using coal fly ash (FA) as the catalyst carrier. The catalyst showed high catalytic activity for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (LTSCR) of NO with NH3. The catalytic reaction experiments were carried out using a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor. De-NOx experimental results showed the use of optimum weight ratio of Mn/FA and Fe/FA, resulted in high NH3-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity with a broad operating temperature range (130–300 °C) under 50000 h−1. Various characterization methods were used to understand the role of the physicochemical structure of the synthesized catalysts on their De-NOx capability. The scanning electron microscopy, physical adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the interaction among the MnOx, FeOx, and the substrate increased the surface area, the amount of high valence metal state (Mn4+, Mn3+, and Fe3+), and the surface adsorbed oxygen. Hence, redox cycles (Fe3+ + Mn2+ ↔ Mn3+ + Fe2+; Fe2+ + Mn4+ ↔ Mn3+ + Fe3+) were co-promoted over the catalyst. The balance between the adsorption ability of the reactants and the redox ability can promote the excellent NOx conversion ability of the catalyst at low temperatures. Furthermore, NH3/NO temperature-programmed desorption, NH3/NO- thermo gravimetric-mass spectrometry (NH3/NO-TG-MS), and in-situ DRIFTs (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy) results showed the Mn0.15Fe0.05/FA has relatively high adsorption capacity and activation capability of reactants (NO, O2, and NH3) at low temperatures. These results also showed that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) reaction mechanism is the main reaction mechanism through which NH3-SCR reactions took place. This work is important for synthesizing an efficient and environmentally-friendly catalyst and demonstrates a promising waste-utilization strategy.
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Putra, Gregorius Guntur Sunardi, Windra Swastika und Paulus Lucky Tirma Irawan. „Perbandingan Particle Swarm Optimization dengan Genetic Algorithm dalam Feature Selection untuk Analisis Sentimen pada Permendikbudristek PPKS-LPT“. Jurnal Edukasi dan Penelitian Informatika (JEPIN) 8, Nr. 3 (20.12.2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jp.v8i3.57300.
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Kekerasan seksual merupakan salah satu masalah serius yang perlu diselesaikan. Setiap tahunnya terdapat lebih dari 2000 aduan kekerasan seksual. Di satuan Pendidikan, sebanyak 55% dari pelaku merupakan guru atau tenaga pendidik. Jumlah yang ada masih belum merepresentasikan jumlah sebenarnya karena 63% dari peserta survei DIKTI tidak melaporkan kasus kekerasan seksual yang diketahuinya dengan alasan menjaga nama baik kampus. Dengan begitu, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi (Kemendikbud) menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi (Permendikbudristek) Nomor 30 tahun 2021 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi (PPKS-LPT). Peraturan ini menimbulkan kontroversi di masyarakat sehingga perlu dilakukan klasifikasi sentimen. Klasifikasi sentimen dilakukan menggunakan algoritma Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Complement Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, dan Nearest Neighbor dengan menggunakan data seleksi fitur Genetic Algorithm dan Particle Swarm Optimization pada data hasil ekstraksi fitur TF-IDF dari data Twitter yang diambil pada tanggal 1 September-30 Desember 2021 menggunakan kata kunci “permendikbud”, hashtag “cabutpermendikbudristekno30”, dan hashtag “dukungpermendikbud30”. Kemudian klasifikasi akan dievaluasi menggunakan 10-Fold Cross Validation. Hasil dari penelitian ini, algoritma CNB memiliki kinerja paling baik jika dibandingkan dengan 4 algoritma klasifikasi lain dengan nilai accuracy 0.688, precison 0.685, recall 0.688, dan f1-score 0.683. Seleksi fitur GA belum mampu menemukan fitur-fitur yang memiliki akurasi lebih baik jika dibandingkan menggunakan semua fitur, sedangkan seleksi fitur PSO mampu menemukan fitur yang memiliki akurasi sama atau lebih baik jika dibandingkan menggunakan semua fitur dengan peningkatan tertinggi sebanyak 0.8% pada MNB. Sebanyak 49% dari responden merupakan pendukung pengesahan Permendikbudristek PPKS-LPT.